|
wneuper@2051
|
1 |
\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Introduction}{1}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
2 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.1}The ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${} Project}{2}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
3 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.1.1}History, Scope and Goal of the ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${} Project}{2}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
4 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.1.2}Related Projects and Products}{4}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
5 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Educational Software}{4}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
6 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Computer Algebra Systems (CAS)}{5}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
7 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Theorem Provers}{6}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
8 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Expert Systems}{6}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
9 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Standards and Tools Used}{7}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
10 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.1.3}Status of the Project}{7}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
11 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.2}Scopes and Goals}{8}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
12 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.2.1}Goal of this Thesis}{8}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
13 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.2.2}Position of this Thesis within the ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${} Project}{9}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
14 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.2.3}Structure of this Thesis}{10}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
15 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.3}Introduction to Terms Used throughout this Thesis}{10}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
16 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.3.1}System Components of ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}}{10}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
17 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Math Engine}{10}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
18 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Knowledge Base}{10}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
19 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Kernel}{11}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
20 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Knowledge Browser}{11}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
21 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Worksheet}{11}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
22 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dialog}{11}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
23 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{User Model}{11}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
24 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.3.2}Abstraction Levels of Dialog Behaviour}{11}
|
|
akremp@2156
|
25 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dialog Atom}{11}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
26 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dialog Strategy}{11}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
27 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dialog Activity}{12}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
28 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.3.3}Key Elements in Calculations}{12}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
29 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Formula}{12}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
30 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tactic}{12}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
31 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.3.4}${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}'s Concept of Calculations}{12}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
32 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Calc Tree}{12}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
33 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Subproblem}{12}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
34 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Calc Head}{13}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
35 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Specifiying Phase}{13}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
36 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Solving Phase}{13}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
37 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.3.5}Mathematical Knowledge}{13}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
38 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Problem}{13}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
39 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Theory}{13}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
40 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Method}{13}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
41 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {0.3.6}Describing a Calculation Task to ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}}{14}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
42 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Example}{14}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
43 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Formalization}{14}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
44 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Model}{14}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
45 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Specification}{14}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
46 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Description}{14}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
47 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Explanation}{14}
|
|
akremp@2157
|
48 |
\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Requirements Analysis}{15}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
49 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Use Cases}{17}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
50 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Initializing the Dialog}{17}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
51 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}Choosing a Starting Point}{18}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
52 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Initializing a Calculation}{18}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
53 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}Modeling and Specifying}{18}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
54 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}Obtaining Help from ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}}{19}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
55 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.3}Alternate Views on Model and Specification}{20}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
56 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.4}Starting the Calculation }{21}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
57 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Calculating a Solution }{22}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
58 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}Moving the Active Formula}{22}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
59 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.2}Taking Single Steps Interactively }{22}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
60 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.3}Automatic Calculation }{23}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
61 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.4}Showing and Hiding Data }{24}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
62 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.5}Obtaining Help and Extra Information }{26}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
63 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Selected Requirements of the ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${} System}{27}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
64 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Users of ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}}{27}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
65 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Calculations and Data Involved}{28}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
66 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Miscellaneous}{30}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
67 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Requirements Specific to the Dialog Guide}{32}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
68 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}User Guidance}{33}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
69 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}User Profiling}{34}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
70 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Flexible Dialog Behaviour}{35}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
71 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Adaptation to Individual Users}{36}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
72 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Restrictions}{37}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
73 |
\contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Design Considerations}{38}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
74 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}User Interaction from a Didactic Point of View}{39}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
75 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Basic Theories about Learning and Teaching}{39}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
76 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Behaviouristic Learning}{39}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
77 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Behaviouristic Theory of Learning}{39}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
78 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Behaviouristic Teaching Strategies}{39}
|
|
wneuper@2051
|
79 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Advantages and Drawbacks}{40}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
80 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}'s Support for Behaviouristic Learning}{40}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
81 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Cognitivistic Learning}{41}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
82 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cognitivistic Theory of Learning}{41}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
83 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cognitivistic Teaching Strategies}{41}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
84 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Advantages and Drawbacks}{41}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
85 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}'s Support for Cognitivistic Learning}{42}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
86 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.3}Constructivistic Learning}{42}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
87 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Constructivistic Theory of Learning}{42}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
88 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Constructivistic Teaching Strategies}{42}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
89 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Advantages and Drawbacks}{43}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
90 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}'s Support for Constructivistic Learning}{43}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
91 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Modelling Interaction With a Peer}{43}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
92 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Symmetric Dialog Atoms}{44}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
93 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}User Interaction from a Technical Point of View}{45}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
94 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Describing a Dialog}{45}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
95 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Adapting to Individual Users}{45}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
96 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}System Environment}{46}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
97 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Basic Concepts for Separable User Interfaces}{46}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
98 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.1}The Seeheim Model}{46}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
99 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.2}The MVC Architecture}{47}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
100 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.3}Comparing the approaches}{48}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
101 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.4}Implications for ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}}{48}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
102 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Distributed Components in a Heterogenous Environment}{50}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
103 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Location of the Dialog Guide}{50}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
104 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}Interfacing Java and SML}{51}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
105 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3}Choosing a Means of Communication}{51}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
106 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.4}The Dinopolis Middleware project}{52}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
107 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}The Architectural Design of the ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${} System}{53}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
108 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}The Overall Design of ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}${}}{53}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
109 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Browsing the Knowledge Base}{53}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
110 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Authoring Tools}{55}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
111 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Logging into the System and Bootstrapping}{55}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
112 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2}The Interfaces to the Dialog Guide Component}{56}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
113 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Designing a Dialog Guide Component}{61}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
114 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Controlling the Course of Interaction}{61}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
115 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.1}Dialog Phases}{61}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
116 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Initialising}{61}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
117 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Specifying}{62}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
118 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Solving}{62}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
119 |
\contentsline {paragraph}{}{62}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
120 |
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Subproblems}{62}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
121 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.2}Dialog Atoms}{63}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
122 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Communicating the State of Calculation}{64}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
123 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.1}Wrapper-based Design}{64}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
124 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.2}Event-driven Design}{64}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
125 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Configurable User-Interface}{65}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
126 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.1}The Presentation Layer in Control}{65}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
127 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.2}The Dialog Guide in Control}{65}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
128 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.3}Splitting up Responsibilities and Providing for Interaction}{66}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
129 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}Obtaining and Storing Configuration Data}{66}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
130 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.4.1}The User Settings}{66}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
131 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.4.2}Permissions and Security Issues}{67}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
132 |
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.4.3}The User Model}{67}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
133 |
\contentsline {part}{IV\hspace {1em}Implementation}{68}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
134 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Implementation Details}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
135 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}The Hierarchy of Mathematical Objects}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
136 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}The CalcHead}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
137 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}Separable Sub-trees for Sub-problems}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
138 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.4}Accessing the Calculation Tree}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
139 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.5}The Dialog Guide Intercepting the Flow of Interaction}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
140 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.6}Controlling the Presentation}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
141 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.7}Interfaces of the Dialog Guide}{69}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
142 |
\contentsline {part}{V\hspace {1em}Summary, Project Reflection, Future Developments}{70}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
143 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}Project Reflection}{71}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
144 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Future Developments}{72}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
145 |
\contentsline {part}{VI\hspace {1em}Appendices}{73}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
146 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}An example for reference}{74}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
147 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Description, formalization and modeling phase}{74}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
148 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Knowledgebase and specification phase}{75}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
149 |
\contentsline {paragraph}{Theories}{75}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
150 |
\contentsline {paragraph}{Problems}{76}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
151 |
\contentsline {paragraph}{Methods}{77}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
152 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.3}Interaction on the worksheet and the browsers}{77}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
153 |
\contentsline {paragraph}{In the modeling phase}{78}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
154 |
\contentsline {paragraph}{The specification phase}{78}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
155 |
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.4}The solving phase and subproblems}{79}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
156 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}$s tactics}{81}
|
|
akremp@2158
|
157 |
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {C}List of terms used in the ${\cal I}\mkern -2mu{\cal S}\mkern -5mu{\cal AC}$-project}{83}
|