doc-src/System/Thy/Presentation.thy
author wenzelm
Sun, 30 Nov 2008 12:58:20 +0100
changeset 28914 f993cbffc42a
parent 28838 d5db6dfcb34a
child 29435 a5f84ac14609
permissions -rw-r--r--
default for ISABELLE_HOME_USER is now ~/.isabelle instead of ~/isabelle;
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(* $Id$ *)
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theory Presentation
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imports Pure
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begin
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chapter {* Presenting theories \label{ch:present} *}
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text {*
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  Isabelle provides several ways to present the outcome of formal
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  developments, including WWW-based browsable libraries or actual
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  printable documents.  Presentation is centered around the concept of
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  \emph{logic sessions}.  The global session structure is that of a
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  tree, with Isabelle Pure at its root, further object-logics derived
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  (e.g.\ HOLCF from HOL, and HOL from Pure), and application sessions
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  in leaf positions (usually without a separate image).
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  The Isabelle tools @{tool_ref mkdir} and @{tool_ref make} provide
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  the primary means for managing Isabelle sessions, including proper
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  setup for presentation.  Here the @{tool_ref usedir} tool takes care
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  to let @{executable_ref "isabelle-process"} process run any
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  additional stages required for document preparation, notably the
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  tools @{tool_ref document} and @{tool_ref latex}.  The complete tool
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  chain for managing batch-mode Isabelle sessions is illustrated in
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  \figref{fig:session-tools}.
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  \begin{figure}[htbp]
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  \begin{center}
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  \begin{tabular}{lp{0.6\textwidth}}
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      @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool_ref mkdir} & invoked once by the user
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      to create the initial source setup (common @{verbatim
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      IsaMakefile} plus a single session directory); \\
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      @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool make} & invoked repeatedly by the
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      user to keep session output up-to-date (HTML, documents etc.); \\
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      @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool usedir} & part of the standard
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      @{verbatim IsaMakefile} entry of a session; \\
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      @{executable "isabelle-process"} & run through @{verbatim
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      isabelle} @{tool_ref usedir}; \\
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      @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool_ref document} & run by the Isabelle
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      process if document preparation is enabled; \\
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      @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool_ref latex} & universal {\LaTeX} tool
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      wrapper invoked multiple times by @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool_ref
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      document}; also useful for manual experiments; \\
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  \end{tabular}
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  \caption{The tool chain of Isabelle session presentation} \label{fig:session-tools}
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  \end{center}
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  \end{figure}
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*}
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section {* Generating theory browser information \label{sec:info} *}
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text {*
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  \index{theory browsing information|bold}
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  As a side-effect of running a logic sessions, Isabelle is able to
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  generate theory browsing information, including HTML documents that
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  show a theory's definition, the theorems proved in its ML file and
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  the relationship with its ancestors and descendants.  Besides the
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  HTML file that is generated for every theory, Isabelle stores links
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  to all theories in an index file. These indexes are linked with
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  other indexes to represent the overall tree structure of logic
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  sessions.
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  Isabelle also generates graph files that represent the theory
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  hierarchy of a logic.  There is a graph browser Java applet embedded
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  in the generated HTML pages, and also a stand-alone application that
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  allows browsing theory graphs without having to start a WWW client
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  first.  The latter version also includes features such as generating
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  Postscript files, which are not available in the applet version.
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  See \secref{sec:browse} for further information.
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  \medskip
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  The easiest way to let Isabelle generate theory browsing information
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  for existing sessions is to append ``@{verbatim "-i true"}'' to the
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  @{setting_ref ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS} before invoking @{verbatim
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  isabelle} @{tool make} (or @{"file" "$ISABELLE_HOME/build"}).  For
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  example, add something like this to your Isabelle settings file
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\begin{ttbox}
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ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS="-i true"
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\end{ttbox}
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  and then change into the @{"file" "~~/src/FOL"} directory and run
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  @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool make}, or even @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool
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  make}~@{verbatim all}.  The presentation output will appear in
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  @{verbatim "ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO/FOL"}, which usually refers to
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  @{verbatim "~/.isabelle/browser_info/FOL"}.  Note that option
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  @{verbatim "-v true"} will make the internal runs of @{tool usedir}
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  more explicit about such details.
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  Many standard Isabelle sessions (such as @{"file" "~~/src/HOL/ex"})
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  also provide actual printable documents.  These are prepared
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  automatically as well if enabled like this, using the @{verbatim
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  "-d"} option
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\begin{ttbox}
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ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS="-i true -d dvi"
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\end{ttbox}
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  Enabling options @{verbatim "-i"} and @{verbatim "-d"}
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  simultaneously as shown above causes an appropriate ``document''
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  link to be included in the HTML index.  Documents (or raw document
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  sources) may be generated independently of browser information as
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  well, see \secref{sec:tool-document} for further details.
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  \bigskip The theory browsing information is stored in a
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  sub-directory directory determined by the @{setting_ref
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  ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO} setting plus a prefix corresponding to the
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  session identifier (according to the tree structure of sub-sessions
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  by default).  A complete WWW view of all standard object-logics and
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  examples of the Isabelle distribution is available at the usual
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  Isabelle sites:
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  \begin{center}\small
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  \begin{tabular}{l}
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    \url{http://isabelle.in.tum.de/dist/library/} \\
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    \url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle/dist/library/} \\
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    \url{http://mirror.cse.unsw.edu.au/pub/isabelle/dist/library/} \\
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  \end{tabular}
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  \end{center}
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  \medskip In order to present your own theories on the web, simply
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  copy the corresponding subdirectory from @{setting
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  ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO} to your WWW server, having generated browser
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  info like this:
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\begin{ttbox}
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isabelle usedir -i true HOL Foo
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\end{ttbox}
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  This assumes that directory @{verbatim Foo} contains some @{verbatim
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  ROOT.ML} file to load all your theories, and HOL is your parent
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  logic image (@{verbatim isabelle} @{tool_ref mkdir} assists in
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  setting up Isabelle session directories.  Theory browser information
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  for HOL should have been generated already beforehand.
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  Alternatively, one may specify an external link to an existing body
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  of HTML data by giving @{tool usedir} a @{verbatim "-P"} option like
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  this:
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\begin{ttbox}
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isabelle usedir -i true -P http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/ HOL Foo
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\end{ttbox}
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  \medskip For production use, the @{tool usedir} tool is usually
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  invoked in an appropriate @{verbatim IsaMakefile}, via the Isabelle
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  @{tool make} tool.  There is a separate @{tool mkdir} tool to
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  provide easy setup of all this, with only minimal manual editing
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  required.
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\begin{ttbox}
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isabelle mkdir HOL Foo && isabelle make
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\end{ttbox}
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  See \secref{sec:tool-mkdir} for more information on preparing
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  Isabelle session directories, including the setup for documents.
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*}
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section {* Browsing theory graphs \label{sec:browse} *}
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text {*
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  \index{theory graph browser|bold} 
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  The Isabelle graph browser is a general tool for visualizing
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  dependency graphs.  Certain nodes of the graph (i.e.~theories) can
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  be grouped together in ``directories'', whose contents may be
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  hidden, thus enabling the user to collapse irrelevant portions of
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  information.  The browser is written in Java, it can be used both as
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  a stand-alone application and as an applet.  Note that the option
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  @{verbatim "-g"} of @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool_ref usedir} creates
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  graph presentations in batch mode for inclusion in session
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  documents.
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*}
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subsection {* Invoking the graph browser *}
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text {*
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  The stand-alone version of the graph browser is wrapped up as an
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  Isabelle tool called @{tool_def browser}:
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\begin{ttbox}
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Usage: browser [OPTIONS] [GRAPHFILE]
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  Options are:
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    -c           cleanup -- remove GRAPHFILE after use
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    -o FILE      output to FILE (ps, eps, pdf)
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\end{ttbox}
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  When no filename is specified, the browser automatically changes to
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  the directory @{setting ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO}.
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  \medskip The @{verbatim "-c"} option causes the input file to be
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  removed after use.
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  The @{verbatim "-o"} option indicates batch-mode operation, with the
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  output written to the indicated file; note that @{verbatim pdf}
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  produces an @{verbatim eps} copy as well.
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  \medskip The applet version of the browser is part of the standard
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  WWW theory presentation, see the link ``theory dependencies'' within
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  each session index.
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*}
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subsection {* Using the graph browser *}
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text {*
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  The browser's main window, which is shown in
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  \figref{fig:browserwindow}, consists of two sub-windows.  In the
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  left sub-window, the directory tree is displayed. The graph itself
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  is displayed in the right sub-window.
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  \begin{figure}[ht]
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  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{browser_screenshot}
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  \caption{\label{fig:browserwindow} Browser main window}
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  \end{figure}
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*}
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subsubsection {* The directory tree window *}
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text {*
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  We describe the usage of the directory browser and the meaning of
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  the different items in the browser window.
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  \begin{itemize}
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  \item A red arrow before a directory name indicates that the
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  directory is currently ``folded'', i.e.~the nodes in this directory
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  are collapsed to one single node. In the right sub-window, the names
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  of nodes corresponding to folded directories are enclosed in square
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  brackets and displayed in red color.
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  \item A green downward arrow before a directory name indicates that
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  the directory is currently ``unfolded''. It can be folded by
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  clicking on the directory name.  Clicking on the name for a second
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  time unfolds the directory again.  Alternatively, a directory can
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  also be unfolded by clicking on the corresponding node in the right
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  sub-window.
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  \item Blue arrows stand before ordinary node names. When clicking on
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  such a name (i.e.\ that of a theory), the graph display window
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  focuses to the corresponding node. Double clicking invokes a text
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  viewer window in which the contents of the theory file are
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  displayed.
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  \end{itemize}
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*}
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subsubsection {* The graph display window *}
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text {*
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  When pointing on an ordinary node, an upward and a downward arrow is
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  shown.  Initially, both of these arrows are green. Clicking on the
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  upward or downward arrow collapses all predecessor or successor
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  nodes, respectively. The arrow's color then changes to red,
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  indicating that the predecessor or successor nodes are currently
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  collapsed. The node corresponding to the collapsed nodes has the
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  name ``@{verbatim "[....]"}''. To uncollapse the nodes again, simply
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  click on the red arrow or on the node with the name ``@{verbatim
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  "[....]"}''. Similar to the directory browser, the contents of
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  theory files can be displayed by double clicking on the
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  corresponding node.
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*}
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subsubsection {* The ``File'' menu *}
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text {*
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  Due to Java Applet security restrictions this menu is only available
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  in the full application version. The meaning of the menu items is as
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  follows:
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  \begin{description}
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  \item[Open \dots] Open a new graph file.
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  \item[Export to PostScript] Outputs the current graph in Postscript
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  format, appropriately scaled to fit on one single sheet of A4 paper.
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  The resulting file can be printed directly.
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  \item[Export to EPS] Outputs the current graph in Encapsulated
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  Postscript format. The resulting file can be included in other
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  documents.
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  \item[Quit] Quit the graph browser.
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  \end{description}
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*}
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subsection {* Syntax of graph definition files *}
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text {*
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  A graph definition file has the following syntax:
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  \begin{center}\small
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  \begin{tabular}{rcl}
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    @{text graph} & @{text "="} & @{text "{ vertex"}~@{verbatim ";"}~@{text "}\<^sup>+"} \\
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    @{text vertex} & @{text "="} & @{text "vertex_name vertex_ID dir_name ["}~@{verbatim "+"}~@{text "] path ["}~@{verbatim "<"}~@{text "|"}~@{verbatim ">"}~@{text "] { vertex_ID }\<^sup>*"}
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  \end{tabular}
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  \end{center}
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  The meaning of the items in a vertex description is as follows:
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  \begin{description}
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  \item[@{text vertex_name}] The name of the vertex.
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  \item[@{text vertex_ID}] The vertex identifier. Note that there may
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  be several vertices with equal names, whereas identifiers must be
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  unique.
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  \item[@{text dir_name}] The name of the ``directory'' the vertex
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  should be placed in.  A ``@{verbatim "+"}'' sign after @{text
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  dir_name} indicates that the nodes in the directory are initially
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  visible. Directories are initially invisible by default.
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  \item[@{text path}] The path of the corresponding theory file. This
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  is specified relatively to the path of the graph definition file.
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  \item[List of successor/predecessor nodes] A ``@{verbatim "<"}''
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  sign before the list means that successor nodes are listed, a
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  ``@{verbatim ">"}'' sign means that predecessor nodes are listed. If
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  neither ``@{verbatim "<"}'' nor ``@{verbatim ">"}'' is found, the
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  browser assumes that successor nodes are listed.
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  \end{description}
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*}
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section {* Creating Isabelle session directories
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  \label{sec:tool-mkdir} *}
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text {*
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  The @{tool_def mkdir} utility prepares Isabelle session source
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  directories, including a sensible default setup of @{verbatim
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  IsaMakefile}, @{verbatim ROOT.ML}, and a @{verbatim document}
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  directory with a minimal @{verbatim root.tex} that is sufficient to
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  print all theories of the session (in the order of appearance); see
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   344
  \secref{sec:tool-document} for further information on Isabelle
wenzelm@28504
   345
  document preparation.  The usage of @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool
wenzelm@28238
   346
  mkdir} is:
wenzelm@28221
   347
wenzelm@28221
   348
\begin{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   349
Usage: mkdir [OPTIONS] [LOGIC] NAME
wenzelm@28221
   350
wenzelm@28221
   351
  Options are:
wenzelm@28221
   352
    -I FILE      alternative IsaMakefile output
wenzelm@28221
   353
    -P           include parent logic target
wenzelm@28221
   354
    -b           setup build mode (session outputs heap image)
wenzelm@28221
   355
    -q           quiet mode
wenzelm@28221
   356
wenzelm@28221
   357
  Prepare session directory, including IsaMakefile and document source,
wenzelm@28221
   358
  with parent LOGIC (default ISABELLE_LOGIC=\$ISABELLE_LOGIC)
wenzelm@28221
   359
\end{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   360
wenzelm@28221
   361
  The @{tool mkdir} tool is conservative in the sense that any
wenzelm@28221
   362
  existing @{verbatim IsaMakefile} etc.\ is left unchanged.  Thus it
wenzelm@28221
   363
  is safe to invoke it multiple times, although later runs may not
wenzelm@28221
   364
  have the desired effect.
wenzelm@28221
   365
wenzelm@28221
   366
  Note that @{tool mkdir} is unable to change @{verbatim IsaMakefile}
wenzelm@28221
   367
  incrementally --- manual changes are required for multiple
wenzelm@28221
   368
  sub-sessions.  On order to get an initial working session, the only
wenzelm@28221
   369
  editing needed is to add appropriate @{ML use_thy} calls to the
wenzelm@28221
   370
  generated @{verbatim ROOT.ML} file.
wenzelm@28221
   371
*}
wenzelm@28221
   372
wenzelm@28221
   373
wenzelm@28221
   374
subsubsection {* Options *}
wenzelm@28221
   375
wenzelm@28221
   376
text {*
wenzelm@28221
   377
  The @{verbatim "-I"} option specifies an alternative to @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   378
  IsaMakefile} for dependencies.  Note that ``@{verbatim "-"}'' refers
wenzelm@28221
   379
  to \emph{stdout}, i.e.\ ``@{verbatim "-I-"}'' provides an easy way
wenzelm@28221
   380
  to peek at @{tool mkdir}'s idea of @{tool make} setup required for
wenzelm@28221
   381
  some particular of Isabelle session.
wenzelm@28221
   382
wenzelm@28221
   383
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-P"} option includes a target for the
wenzelm@28221
   384
  parent @{verbatim LOGIC} session in the generated @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   385
  IsaMakefile}.  The corresponding sources are assumed to be located
wenzelm@28221
   386
  within the Isabelle distribution.
wenzelm@28221
   387
wenzelm@28221
   388
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-b"} option sets up the current directory
wenzelm@28221
   389
  as the base for a new session that provides an actual logic image,
wenzelm@28221
   390
  as opposed to one that only runs several theories based on an
wenzelm@28221
   391
  existing image.  Note that in the latter case, everything except
wenzelm@28221
   392
  @{verbatim IsaMakefile} would be placed into a separate directory
wenzelm@28221
   393
  @{verbatim NAME}, rather than the current one.  See
wenzelm@28221
   394
  \secref{sec:tool-usedir} for further information on \emph{build
wenzelm@28221
   395
  mode} vs.\ \emph{example mode} of the @{tool usedir} utility.
wenzelm@28221
   396
wenzelm@28221
   397
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-q"} option enables quiet mode, suppressing
wenzelm@28221
   398
  further notes on how to proceed.
wenzelm@28221
   399
*}
wenzelm@28221
   400
wenzelm@28221
   401
wenzelm@28221
   402
subsubsection {* Examples *}
wenzelm@28221
   403
wenzelm@28221
   404
text {*
wenzelm@28221
   405
  The standard setup of a single ``example session'' based on the
wenzelm@28221
   406
  default logic, with proper document generation is generated like
wenzelm@28221
   407
  this:
wenzelm@28221
   408
\begin{ttbox}
wenzelm@28504
   409
isabelle mkdir Foo && isabelle make
wenzelm@28221
   410
\end{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   411
wenzelm@28221
   412
  \noindent The theory sources should be put into the @{verbatim Foo}
wenzelm@28221
   413
  directory, and its @{verbatim ROOT.ML} should be edited to load all
wenzelm@28504
   414
  required theories.  Invoking @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool make} again
wenzelm@28238
   415
  would run the whole session, generating browser information and the
wenzelm@28221
   416
  document automatically.  The @{verbatim IsaMakefile} is typically
wenzelm@28221
   417
  tuned manually later, e.g.\ adding source dependencies, or changing
wenzelm@28221
   418
  the options passed to @{tool usedir}.
wenzelm@28221
   419
wenzelm@28221
   420
  \medskip Large projects may demand further sessions, potentially
wenzelm@28221
   421
  with separate logic images being created.  This usually requires
wenzelm@28221
   422
  manual editing of the generated @{verbatim IsaMakefile}, which is
wenzelm@28221
   423
  meant to cover all of the sub-session directories at the same time
wenzelm@28221
   424
  (this is the deeper reasong why @{verbatim IsaMakefile} is not made
wenzelm@28238
   425
  part of the initial session directory created by @{verbatim
wenzelm@28504
   426
  isabelle} @{tool mkdir}).  See @{"file" "~~/src/HOL/IsaMakefile"} for
wenzelm@28238
   427
  a full-blown example.
wenzelm@28221
   428
*}
wenzelm@28221
   429
wenzelm@28221
   430
wenzelm@28221
   431
section {* Running Isabelle sessions \label{sec:tool-usedir} *}
wenzelm@28221
   432
wenzelm@28221
   433
text {*
wenzelm@28221
   434
  The @{tool_def usedir} utility builds object-logic images, or runs
wenzelm@28221
   435
  example sessions based on existing logics. Its usage is:
wenzelm@28221
   436
\begin{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   437
wenzelm@28221
   438
Usage: usedir [OPTIONS] LOGIC NAME
wenzelm@28221
   439
wenzelm@28221
   440
  Options are:
wenzelm@28221
   441
    -C BOOL      copy existing document directory to -D PATH (default true)
wenzelm@28221
   442
    -D PATH      dump generated document sources into PATH
wenzelm@28221
   443
    -M MAX       multithreading: maximum number of worker threads (default 1)
wenzelm@28221
   444
    -P PATH      set path for remote theory browsing information
wenzelm@28221
   445
    -T LEVEL     multithreading: trace level (default 0)
wenzelm@28221
   446
    -V VERSION   declare alternative document VERSION
wenzelm@28221
   447
    -b           build mode (output heap image, using current dir)
wenzelm@28221
   448
    -c BOOL      tell ML system to compress output image (default true)
wenzelm@28221
   449
    -d FORMAT    build document as FORMAT (default false)
wenzelm@28221
   450
    -f NAME      use ML file NAME (default ROOT.ML)
wenzelm@28221
   451
    -g BOOL      generate session graph image for document (default false)
wenzelm@28221
   452
    -i BOOL      generate theory browser information (default false)
wenzelm@28221
   453
    -m MODE      add print mode for output
wenzelm@28221
   454
    -p LEVEL     set level of detail for proof objects
wenzelm@28221
   455
    -r           reset session path
wenzelm@28221
   456
    -s NAME      override session NAME
wenzelm@28221
   457
    -v BOOL      be verbose (default false)
wenzelm@28221
   458
wenzelm@28221
   459
  Build object-logic or run examples. Also creates browsing
wenzelm@28221
   460
  information (HTML etc.) according to settings.
wenzelm@28221
   461
wenzelm@28221
   462
  ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS=
wenzelm@28221
   463
  HOL_USEDIR_OPTIONS=
wenzelm@28221
   464
\end{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   465
wenzelm@28221
   466
  Note that the value of the @{setting_ref ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS}
wenzelm@28221
   467
  setting is implicitly prefixed to \emph{any} @{tool usedir}
wenzelm@28221
   468
  call. Since the @{verbatim IsaMakefile}s of all object-logics
wenzelm@28238
   469
  distributed with Isabelle just invoke @{tool usedir} for the real
wenzelm@28221
   470
  work, one may control compilation options globally via above
wenzelm@28221
   471
  variable. In particular, generation of \rmindex{HTML} browsing
wenzelm@28221
   472
  information and document preparation is controlled here.
wenzelm@28221
   473
wenzelm@28221
   474
  The @{setting_ref HOL_USEDIR_OPTIONS} setting is specific to the
wenzelm@28221
   475
  plain and main Isabelle/HOL images; its value is appended to
wenzelm@28221
   476
  @{setting ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS} for these particular sessions
wenzelm@28221
   477
  only.
wenzelm@28221
   478
*}
wenzelm@28221
   479
wenzelm@28221
   480
wenzelm@28221
   481
subsubsection {* Options *}
wenzelm@28221
   482
wenzelm@28221
   483
text {*
wenzelm@28221
   484
  Basically, there are two different modes of operation: \emph{build
wenzelm@28221
   485
  mode} (enabled through the @{verbatim "-b"} option) and
wenzelm@28221
   486
  \emph{example mode} (default).
wenzelm@28221
   487
wenzelm@28221
   488
  Calling @{tool usedir} with @{verbatim "-b"} runs @{executable
wenzelm@28221
   489
  "isabelle-process"} with input image @{verbatim LOGIC} and output to
wenzelm@28221
   490
  @{verbatim NAME}, as provided on the command line. This will be a
wenzelm@28221
   491
  batch session, running @{verbatim ROOT.ML} from the current
wenzelm@28221
   492
  directory and then quitting.  It is assumed that @{verbatim ROOT.ML}
wenzelm@28221
   493
  contains all ML commands required to build the logic.
wenzelm@28221
   494
wenzelm@28238
   495
  In example mode, @{tool usedir} runs a read-only session of
wenzelm@28221
   496
  @{verbatim LOGIC} and automatically runs @{verbatim ROOT.ML} from
wenzelm@28221
   497
  within directory @{verbatim NAME}.  It assumes that this file
wenzelm@28221
   498
  contains appropriate ML commands to run the desired examples.
wenzelm@28221
   499
wenzelm@28221
   500
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-i"} option controls theory browser data
wenzelm@28221
   501
  generation. It may be explicitly turned on or off --- as usual, the
wenzelm@28221
   502
  last occurrence of @{verbatim "-i"} on the command line wins.
wenzelm@28221
   503
wenzelm@28221
   504
  The @{verbatim "-P"} option specifies a path (or actual URL) to be
wenzelm@28221
   505
  prefixed to any \emph{non-local} reference of existing theories.
wenzelm@28221
   506
  Thus user sessions may easily link to existing Isabelle libraries
wenzelm@28221
   507
  already present on the WWW.
wenzelm@28221
   508
wenzelm@28221
   509
  The @{verbatim "-m"} options specifies additional print modes to be
wenzelm@28221
   510
  activated temporarily while the session is processed.
wenzelm@28221
   511
wenzelm@28221
   512
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-d"} option controls document preparation.
wenzelm@28221
   513
  Valid arguments are @{verbatim false} (do not prepare any document;
wenzelm@28221
   514
  this is default), or any of @{verbatim dvi}, @{verbatim dvi.gz},
wenzelm@28221
   515
  @{verbatim ps}, @{verbatim ps.gz}, @{verbatim pdf}.  The logic
wenzelm@28221
   516
  session has to provide a properly setup @{verbatim document}
wenzelm@28221
   517
  directory.  See \secref{sec:tool-document} and
wenzelm@28221
   518
  \secref{sec:tool-latex} for more details.
wenzelm@28221
   519
wenzelm@28221
   520
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-V"} option declares alternative document
wenzelm@28221
   521
  versions, consisting of name/tags pairs (cf.\ options @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   522
  "-n"} and @{verbatim "-t"} of the @{tool_ref document} tool).  The
wenzelm@28221
   523
  standard document is equivalent to ``@{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   524
  "document=theory,proof,ML"}'', which means that all theory begin/end
wenzelm@28221
   525
  commands, proof body texts, and ML code will be presented
wenzelm@28221
   526
  faithfully.  An alternative version ``@{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   527
  "outline=/proof/ML"}'' would fold proof and ML parts, replacing the
wenzelm@28221
   528
  original text by a short place-holder.  The form ``@{text
wenzelm@28221
   529
  name}@{verbatim "=-"},'' means to remove document @{text name} from
wenzelm@28221
   530
  the list of versions to be processed.  Any number of @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   531
  "-V"} options may be given; later declarations have precedence over
wenzelm@28221
   532
  earlier ones.
wenzelm@28221
   533
wenzelm@28221
   534
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-g"} option produces images of the theory
wenzelm@28221
   535
  dependency graph (cf.\ \secref{sec:browse}) for inclusion in the
wenzelm@28221
   536
  generated document, both as @{verbatim session_graph.eps} and
wenzelm@28221
   537
  @{verbatim session_graph.pdf} at the same time.  To include this in
wenzelm@28221
   538
  the final {\LaTeX} document one could say @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   539
  "\\includegraphics{session_graph}"} in @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   540
  "document/root.tex"} (omitting the file-name extension enables
wenzelm@28221
   541
  {\LaTeX} to select to correct version, either for the DVI or PDF
wenzelm@28221
   542
  output path).
wenzelm@28221
   543
wenzelm@28221
   544
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-D"} option causes the generated document
wenzelm@28221
   545
  sources to be dumped at location @{verbatim PATH}; this path is
wenzelm@28221
   546
  relative to the session's main directory.  If the @{verbatim "-C"}
wenzelm@28221
   547
  option is true, this will include a copy of an existing @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   548
  document} directory as provided by the user.  For example,
wenzelm@28504
   549
  @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool usedir}~@{verbatim "-D generated HOL
wenzelm@28238
   550
  Foo"} produces a complete set of document sources at @{verbatim
wenzelm@28238
   551
  "Foo/generated"}.  Subsequent invocation of @{verbatim
wenzelm@28504
   552
  isabelle} @{tool document}~@{verbatim "Foo/generated"} (see also
wenzelm@28238
   553
  \secref{sec:tool-document}) will process the final result
wenzelm@28238
   554
  independently of an Isabelle job.  This decoupled mode of operation
wenzelm@28238
   555
  facilitates debugging of serious {\LaTeX} errors, for example.
wenzelm@28221
   556
wenzelm@28221
   557
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-p"} option determines the level of detail
wenzelm@28221
   558
  for internal proof objects, see also the \emph{Isabelle Reference
wenzelm@28221
   559
  Manual}~\cite{isabelle-ref}.
wenzelm@28221
   560
wenzelm@28221
   561
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-v"} option causes additional information
wenzelm@28221
   562
  to be printed while running the session, notably the location of
wenzelm@28221
   563
  prepared documents.
wenzelm@28221
   564
wenzelm@28221
   565
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-M"} option specifies the maximum number of
wenzelm@28221
   566
  parallel threads used for processing independent tasks when checking
wenzelm@28221
   567
  theory sources (multithreading only works on suitable ML platforms).
wenzelm@28238
   568
  The special value of @{verbatim 0} or @{verbatim max} refers to the
wenzelm@28238
   569
  number of actual CPU cores of the underlying machine, which is a
wenzelm@28238
   570
  good starting point for optimal performance tuning.  The @{verbatim
wenzelm@28238
   571
  "-T"} option determines the level of detail in tracing output
wenzelm@28238
   572
  concerning the internal locking and scheduling in multithreaded
wenzelm@28238
   573
  operation.  This may be helpful in isolating performance
wenzelm@28238
   574
  bottle-necks, e.g.\ due to excessive wait states when locking
wenzelm@28238
   575
  critical code sections.
wenzelm@28221
   576
wenzelm@28221
   577
  \medskip Any @{tool usedir} session is named by some \emph{session
wenzelm@28221
   578
  identifier}. These accumulate, documenting the way sessions depend
wenzelm@28221
   579
  on others. For example, consider @{verbatim "Pure/FOL/ex"}, which
wenzelm@28221
   580
  refers to the examples of FOL, which in turn is built upon Pure.
wenzelm@28221
   581
wenzelm@28221
   582
  The current session's identifier is by default just the base name of
wenzelm@28221
   583
  the @{verbatim LOGIC} argument (in build mode), or of the @{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   584
  NAME} argument (in example mode). This may be overridden explicitly
wenzelm@28221
   585
  via the @{verbatim "-s"} option.
wenzelm@28221
   586
*}
wenzelm@28221
   587
wenzelm@28221
   588
wenzelm@28221
   589
subsubsection {* Examples *}
wenzelm@28221
   590
wenzelm@28221
   591
text {*
wenzelm@28221
   592
  Refer to the @{verbatim IsaMakefile}s of the Isabelle distribution's
wenzelm@28221
   593
  object-logics as a model for your own developments.  For example,
wenzelm@28238
   594
  see @{"file" "~~/src/FOL/IsaMakefile"}.  The Isabelle @{tool_ref
wenzelm@28221
   595
  mkdir} tool creates @{verbatim IsaMakefile}s with proper invocation
wenzelm@28221
   596
  of @{tool usedir} as well.
wenzelm@28221
   597
*}
wenzelm@28221
   598
wenzelm@28221
   599
wenzelm@28221
   600
section {* Preparing Isabelle session documents
wenzelm@28221
   601
  \label{sec:tool-document} *}
wenzelm@28221
   602
wenzelm@28221
   603
text {*
wenzelm@28221
   604
  The @{tool_def document} utility prepares logic session documents,
wenzelm@28221
   605
  processing the sources both as provided by the user and generated by
wenzelm@28221
   606
  Isabelle.  Its usage is:
wenzelm@28221
   607
\begin{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   608
Usage: document [OPTIONS] [DIR]
wenzelm@28221
   609
wenzelm@28221
   610
  Options are:
wenzelm@28221
   611
    -c           cleanup -- be aggressive in removing old stuff
wenzelm@28221
   612
    -n NAME      specify document name (default 'document')
wenzelm@28221
   613
    -o FORMAT    specify output format: dvi (default), dvi.gz, ps,
wenzelm@28221
   614
                 ps.gz, pdf
wenzelm@28221
   615
    -t TAGS      specify tagged region markup
wenzelm@28221
   616
wenzelm@28221
   617
  Prepare the theory session document in DIR (default 'document')
wenzelm@28221
   618
  producing the specified output format.
wenzelm@28221
   619
\end{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   620
  This tool is usually run automatically as part of the corresponding
wenzelm@28221
   621
  Isabelle batch process, provided document preparation has been
wenzelm@28221
   622
  enabled (cf.\ the @{verbatim "-d"} option of the @{tool_ref usedir}
wenzelm@28221
   623
  tool).  It may be manually invoked on the generated browser
wenzelm@28221
   624
  information document output as well, e.g.\ in case of errors
wenzelm@28221
   625
  encountered in the batch run.
wenzelm@28221
   626
wenzelm@28221
   627
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-c"} option tells the @{tool document} tool
wenzelm@28221
   628
  to dispose the document sources after successful operation.  This is
wenzelm@28221
   629
  the right thing to do for sources generated by an Isabelle process,
wenzelm@28221
   630
  but take care of your files in manual document preparation!
wenzelm@28221
   631
wenzelm@28221
   632
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-n"} and @{verbatim "-o"} option specify
wenzelm@28221
   633
  the final output file name and format, the default is ``@{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   634
  document.dvi}''.  Note that the result will appear in the parent of
wenzelm@28221
   635
  the target @{verbatim DIR}.
wenzelm@28221
   636
wenzelm@28221
   637
  \medskip The @{verbatim "-t"} option tells {\LaTeX} how to interpret
wenzelm@28221
   638
  tagged Isabelle command regions.  Tags are specified as a comma
wenzelm@28221
   639
  separated list of modifier/name pairs: ``@{verbatim "+"}@{text
wenzelm@28221
   640
  foo}'' (or just ``@{text foo}'') means to keep, ``@{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   641
  "-"}@{text foo}'' to drop, and ``@{verbatim "/"}@{text foo}'' to
wenzelm@28221
   642
  fold text tagged as @{text foo}.  The builtin default is equivalent
wenzelm@28221
   643
  to the tag specification ``@{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   644
  "/theory,/proof,/ML,+visible,-invisible"}''; see also the {\LaTeX}
wenzelm@28221
   645
  macros @{verbatim "\\isakeeptag"}, @{verbatim "\\isadroptag"}, and
wenzelm@28238
   646
  @{verbatim "\\isafoldtag"}, in @{"file"
wenzelm@28238
   647
  "~~/lib/texinputs/isabelle.sty"}.
wenzelm@28221
   648
wenzelm@28221
   649
  \medskip Document preparation requires a properly setup ``@{verbatim
wenzelm@28221
   650
  document}'' directory within the logic session sources.  This
wenzelm@28221
   651
  directory is supposed to contain all the files needed to produce the
wenzelm@28221
   652
  final document --- apart from the actual theories which are
wenzelm@28221
   653
  generated by Isabelle.
wenzelm@28221
   654
wenzelm@28221
   655
  \medskip For most practical purposes, the @{tool document} tool is
wenzelm@28221
   656
  smart enough to create any of the specified output formats, taking
wenzelm@28221
   657
  @{verbatim root.tex} supplied by the user as a starting point.  This
wenzelm@28221
   658
  even includes multiple runs of {\LaTeX} to accommodate references
wenzelm@28221
   659
  and bibliographies (the latter assumes @{verbatim root.bib} within
wenzelm@28221
   660
  the same directory).
wenzelm@28221
   661
wenzelm@28221
   662
  In more complex situations, a separate @{verbatim IsaMakefile} for
wenzelm@28221
   663
  the document sources may be given instead.  This should provide
wenzelm@28221
   664
  targets for any admissible document format; these have to produce
wenzelm@28221
   665
  corresponding output files named after @{verbatim root} as well,
wenzelm@28221
   666
  e.g.\ @{verbatim root.dvi} for target format @{verbatim dvi}.
wenzelm@28221
   667
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  \medskip When running the session, Isabelle copies the original
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  @{verbatim document} directory into its proper place within
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  @{setting ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO} according to the session path.
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  Then, for any processed theory @{text A} some {\LaTeX} source is
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  generated and put there as @{text A}@{verbatim ".tex"}.
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   673
  Furthermore, a list of all generated theory files is put into
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  @{verbatim session.tex}.  Typically, the root {\LaTeX} file provided
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  by the user would include @{verbatim session.tex} to get a document
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  containing all the theories.
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   677
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  The {\LaTeX} versions of the theories require some macros defined in
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   679
  @{"file" "~~/lib/texinputs/isabelle.sty"}.  Doing @{verbatim
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  "\\usepackage{isabelle}"} in @{verbatim root.tex} should be fine;
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  the underlying Isabelle @{tool latex} tool already includes an
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  appropriate path specification for {\TeX} inputs.
wenzelm@28221
   683
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  If the text contains any references to Isabelle symbols (such as
wenzelm@28221
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  @{verbatim "\\"}@{verbatim "<forall>"}) then @{verbatim
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  "isabellesym.sty"} should be included as well.  This package
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  contains a standard set of {\LaTeX} macro definitions @{verbatim
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  "\\isasym"}@{text foo} corresponding to @{verbatim "\\"}@{verbatim
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  "<"}@{text foo}@{verbatim ">"}, see \cite{isabelle-implementation} for a
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  complete list of predefined Isabelle symbols.  Users may invent
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  further symbols as well, just by providing {\LaTeX} macros in a
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  similar fashion as in @{"file" "~~/lib/texinputs/isabellesym.sty"} of
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  the distribution.
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   694
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  For proper setup of DVI and PDF documents (with hyperlinks and
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  bookmarks), we recommend to include @{"file"
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  "~~/lib/texinputs/pdfsetup.sty"} as well.
wenzelm@28221
   698
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   699
  \medskip As a final step of document preparation within Isabelle,
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  @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool document}~@{verbatim "-c"} is run on the
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  resulting @{verbatim document} directory.  Thus the actual output
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   702
  document is built and installed in its proper place (as linked by
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   703
  the session's @{verbatim index.html} if option @{verbatim "-i"} of
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   704
  @{tool_ref usedir} has been enabled, cf.\ \secref{sec:info}).  The
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  generated sources are deleted after successful run of {\LaTeX} and
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  friends.  Note that a separate copy of the sources may be retained
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   707
  by passing an option @{verbatim "-D"} to the @{tool usedir} utility
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   708
  when running the session.
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   709
*}
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   712
section {* Running {\LaTeX} within the Isabelle environment
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  \label{sec:tool-latex} *}
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text {*
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  The @{tool_def latex} utility provides the basic interface for
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  Isabelle document preparation.  Its usage is:
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   718
\begin{ttbox}
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   719
Usage: latex [OPTIONS] [FILE]
wenzelm@28221
   720
wenzelm@28221
   721
  Options are:
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   722
    -o FORMAT    specify output format: dvi (default), dvi.gz, ps,
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   723
                 ps.gz, pdf, bbl, idx, sty, syms
wenzelm@28221
   724
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   725
  Run LaTeX (and related tools) on FILE (default root.tex),
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  producing the specified output format.
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   727
\end{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   728
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   729
  Appropriate {\LaTeX}-related programs are run on the input file,
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   730
  according to the given output format: @{executable latex},
wenzelm@28221
   731
  @{executable pdflatex}, @{executable dvips}, @{executable bibtex}
wenzelm@28221
   732
  (for @{verbatim bbl}), and @{executable makeindex} (for @{verbatim
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   733
  idx}).  The actual commands are determined from the settings
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   734
  environment (@{setting ISABELLE_LATEX} etc.).
wenzelm@28221
   735
wenzelm@28221
   736
  The @{verbatim sty} output format causes the Isabelle style files to
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   737
  be updated from the distribution.  This is useful in special
wenzelm@28221
   738
  situations where the document sources are to be processed another
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   739
  time by separate tools (cf.\ option @{verbatim "-D"} of the @{tool
wenzelm@28221
   740
  usedir} utility).
wenzelm@28221
   741
wenzelm@28221
   742
  The @{verbatim syms} output is for internal use; it generates lists
wenzelm@28221
   743
  of symbols that are available without loading additional {\LaTeX}
wenzelm@28221
   744
  packages.
wenzelm@28221
   745
*}
wenzelm@28221
   746
wenzelm@28221
   747
wenzelm@28221
   748
subsubsection {* Examples *}
wenzelm@28221
   749
wenzelm@28221
   750
text {*
wenzelm@28504
   751
  Invoking @{verbatim isabelle} @{tool latex} by hand may be
wenzelm@28238
   752
  occasionally useful when debugging failed attempts of the automatic
wenzelm@28238
   753
  document preparation stage of batch-mode Isabelle.  The abortive
wenzelm@28238
   754
  process leaves the sources at a certain place within @{setting
wenzelm@28221
   755
  ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO}, see the runtime error message for details.
wenzelm@28221
   756
  This enables users to inspect {\LaTeX} runs in further detail, e.g.\
wenzelm@28221
   757
  like this:
wenzelm@28221
   758
\begin{ttbox}
wenzelm@28914
   759
  cd ~/.isabelle/browser_info/HOL/Test/document
wenzelm@28504
   760
  isabelle latex -o pdf
wenzelm@28221
   761
\end{ttbox}
wenzelm@28221
   762
*}
wenzelm@28221
   763
wenzelm@28221
   764
end