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\begin{isabellebody}%

\def\isabellecontext{Presentation}%

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\isadelimtheory

\isanewline

\isanewline

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\endisadelimtheory

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\isatagtheory

\isacommand{theory}\isamarkupfalse%

\ Presentation\isanewline

\isakeyword{imports}\ Pure\isanewline

\isakeyword{begin}%

\endisatagtheory

{\isafoldtheory}%

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\isadelimtheory

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\endisadelimtheory

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\isamarkupchapter{Presenting theories \label{ch:present}%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

Isabelle provides several ways to present the outcome of formal

  developments, including WWW-based browsable libraries or actual

  printable documents.  Presentation is centered around the concept of

  \emph{logic sessions}.  The global session structure is that of a

  tree, with Isabelle Pure at its root, further object-logics derived

  (e.g.\ HOLCF from HOL, and HOL from Pure), and application sessions

  in leaf positions (usually without a separate image).

  The Isabelle tools \indexref{}{tool}{mkdir}\hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}} and \indexref{}{tool}{make}\hyperlink{tool.make}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{make}}}} provide

  the primary means for managing Isabelle sessions, including proper

  setup for presentation.  Here the \indexref{}{tool}{usedir}\hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} tool takes care

  to let \indexref{}{executable}{isabelle-process}\hyperlink{executable.isabelle-process}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{isabelle{\isacharminus}process}}}} process run any

  additional stages required for document preparation, notably the

  tools \indexref{}{tool}{document}\hyperlink{tool.document}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{document}}}} and \indexref{}{tool}{latex}\hyperlink{tool.latex}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{latex}}}}.  The complete tool

  chain for managing batch-mode Isabelle sessions is illustrated in

  \figref{fig:session-tools}.

  \begin{figure}[htbp]

  \begin{center}

  \begin{tabular}{lp{0.6\textwidth}}

      \verb|isatool mkdir| & invoked once by the user to create

      the initial source setup (common \verb|IsaMakefile| plus a

      single session directory); \\

      \verb|isatool make| & invoked repeatedly by the user to

      keep session output up-to-date (HTML, documents etc.); \\

      \verb|isatool usedir| & part of the standard \verb|IsaMakefile| entry of a session; \\

      \verb|isabelle-process| & run through \verb|isatool|\isasep\isanewline%

\verb|      usedir|; \\

      \verb|isatool document| & run by the Isabelle process if

      document preparation is enabled; \\

      \verb|isatool latex| & universal {\LaTeX} tool wrapper

      invoked multiple times by \verb|isatool document|; also

      useful for manual experiments; \\

  \end{tabular}

  \caption{The tool chain of Isabelle session presentation} \label{fig:session-tools}

  \end{center}

  \end{figure}%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\isamarkupsection{Generating theory browser information \label{sec:info}%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

\index{theory browsing information|bold}

  As a side-effect of running a logic sessions, Isabelle is able to

  generate theory browsing information, including HTML documents that

  show a theory's definition, the theorems proved in its ML file and

  the relationship with its ancestors and descendants.  Besides the

  HTML file that is generated for every theory, Isabelle stores links

  to all theories in an index file. These indexes are linked with

  other indexes to represent the overall tree structure of logic

  sessions.

  Isabelle also generates graph files that represent the theory

  hierarchy of a logic.  There is a graph browser Java applet embedded

  in the generated HTML pages, and also a stand-alone application that

  allows browsing theory graphs without having to start a WWW client

  first.  The latter version also includes features such as generating

  Postscript files, which are not available in the applet version.

  See \secref{sec:browse} for further information.

  \medskip

  The easiest way to let Isabelle generate theory browsing information

  for existing sessions is to append ``\verb|-i true|'' to the

  \indexref{}{setting}{ISABELLE\_USEDIR\_OPTIONS}\hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-USEDIR-OPTIONS}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}USEDIR{\isacharunderscore}OPTIONS}}}} before invoking \verb|isatool make| (or \verb|./build| in the distribution).  For

  example, add something like this to your Isabelle settings file

\begin{ttbox}

ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS="-i true"

\end{ttbox}

  and then change into the \verb|src/FOL| directory of the

  Isabelle distribution and run \verb|isatool make|, or even

  \verb|isatool make all|.  The presentation output will appear

  in \verb|ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO/FOL|, which usually refers to

  \verb|~/isabelle/browser_info/FOL|.  Note that option

  \verb|-v true| will make the internal runs of \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}}

  more explicit about such details.

  Many standard Isabelle sessions (such as \verb|HOL/ex|) also

  provide actual printable documents.  These are prepared

  automatically as well if enabled like this, using the \verb|-d| option

\begin{ttbox}

ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS="-i true -d dvi"

\end{ttbox}

  Enabling options \verb|-i| and \verb|-d|

  simultaneausly as shown above causes an appropriate ``document''

  link to be included in the HTML index.  Documents (or raw document

  sources) may be generated independently of browser information as

  well, see \secref{sec:tool-document} for further details.

  \bigskip The theory browsing information is stored in a

  sub-directory directory determined by the \indexref{}{setting}{ISABELLE\_BROWSER\_INFO}\hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-BROWSER-INFO}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}BROWSER{\isacharunderscore}INFO}}}} setting plus a prefix corresponding to the

  session identifier (according to the tree structure of sub-sessions

  by default).  A complete WWW view of all standard object-logics and

  examples of the Isabelle distribution is available at the Cambridge

  or Munich Isabelle sites:

  \begin{center}\small

  \begin{tabular}{l}

    \url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/HVG/Isabelle/library/} \\

    \url{http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/} \\

  \end{tabular}

  \end{center}

  \medskip In order to present your own theories on the web, simply

  copy the corresponding subdirectory from \hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-BROWSER-INFO}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}BROWSER{\isacharunderscore}INFO}}}} to your WWW server, having generated browser

  info like this:

\begin{ttbox}

isatool usedir -i true HOL Foo

\end{ttbox}

  This assumes that directory \verb|Foo| contains some \verb|ROOT.ML| file to load all your theories, and HOL is your parent

  logic image (\verb|isatool|~\indexref{}{tool}{mkdir}\hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}} assists in

  setting up Isabelle session directories.  Theory browser information

  for HOL should have been generated already beforehand.

  Alternatively, one may specify an external link to an existing body

  of HTML data by giving \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} a \verb|-P| option like

  this:

\begin{ttbox}

isatool usedir -i true -P http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/ HOL Foo

\end{ttbox}

  \medskip For production use, the \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} tool is usually

  invoked in an appropriate \verb|IsaMakefile|, via the Isabelle

  \hyperlink{tool.make}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{make}}}} tool.  There is a separate \hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}} tool to

  provide easy setup of all this, with only minimal manual editing

  required.

\begin{ttbox}

isatool mkdir HOL Foo && isatool make

\end{ttbox}

  See \secref{sec:tool-mkdir} for more information on preparing

  Isabelle session directories, including the setup for documents.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsection{Browsing theory graphs \label{sec:browse}%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

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\begin{isamarkuptext}%

\index{theory graph browser|bold} 

  The Isabelle graph browser is a general tool for visualizing

  dependency graphs.  Certain nodes of the graph (i.e.~theories) can

  be grouped together in ``directories'', whose contents may be

  hidden, thus enabling the user to collapse irrelevant portions of

  information.  The browser is written in Java, it can be used both as

  a stand-alone application and as an applet.  Note that the option

  \verb|-g| of \verb|isatool|~\indexref{}{tool}{usedir}\hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} creates

  graph presentations in batch mode for inclusion in session

  documents.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsection{Invoking the graph browser%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

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\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The stand-alone version of the graph browser is wrapped up as an

  Isabelle tool called \indexdef{}{tool}{browser}\hypertarget{tool.browser}{\hyperlink{tool.browser}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{browser}}}}}:

\begin{ttbox}

Usage: browser [OPTIONS] [GRAPHFILE]

  Options are:

    -c           cleanup -- remove GRAPHFILE after use

    -o FILE      output to FILE (ps, eps, pdf)

\end{ttbox}

  When no filename is specified, the browser automatically changes to

  the directory \hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-BROWSER-INFO}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}BROWSER{\isacharunderscore}INFO}}}}.

  \medskip The \verb|-c| option causes the input file to be

  removed after use.

  The \verb|-o| option indicates batch-mode operation, with the

  output written to the indicated file; note that \verb|pdf|

  produces an \verb|eps| copy as well.

  \medskip The applet version of the browser is part of the standard

  WWW theory presentation, see the link ``theory dependencies'' within

  each session index.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsection{Using the graph browser%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The browser's main window, which is shown in

  \figref{fig:browserwindow}, consists of two sub-windows.  In the

  left sub-window, the directory tree is displayed. The graph itself

  is displayed in the right sub-window.

  \begin{figure}[ht]

  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{browser_screenshot}

  \caption{\label{fig:browserwindow} Browser main window}

  \end{figure}%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{The directory tree window%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

We describe the usage of the directory browser and the meaning of

  the different items in the browser window.

  \begin{itemize}

  \item A red arrow before a directory name indicates that the

  directory is currently ``folded'', i.e.~the nodes in this directory

  are collapsed to one single node. In the right sub-window, the names

  of nodes corresponding to folded directories are enclosed in square

  brackets and displayed in red color.

  \item A green downward arrow before a directory name indicates that

  the directory is currently ``unfolded''. It can be folded by

  clicking on the directory name.  Clicking on the name for a second

  time unfolds the directory again.  Alternatively, a directory can

  also be unfolded by clicking on the corresponding node in the right

  sub-window.

  \item Blue arrows stand before ordinary node names. When clicking on

  such a name (i.e.\ that of a theory), the graph display window

  focuses to the corresponding node. Double clicking invokes a text

  viewer window in which the contents of the theory file are

  displayed.

  \end{itemize}%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{The graph display window%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

When pointing on an ordinary node, an upward and a downward arrow is

  shown.  Initially, both of these arrows are green. Clicking on the

  upward or downward arrow collapses all predecessor or successor

  nodes, respectively. The arrow's color then changes to red,

  indicating that the predecessor or successor nodes are currently

  collapsed. The node corresponding to the collapsed nodes has the

  name ``\verb|[....]|''. To uncollapse the nodes again, simply

  click on the red arrow or on the node with the name ``\verb|[....]|''. Similar to the directory browser, the contents of

  theory files can be displayed by double clicking on the

  corresponding node.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{The ``File'' menu%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

Due to Java Applet security restrictions this menu is only available

  in the full application version. The meaning of the menu items is as

  follows:

  \begin{description}

  \item[Open \dots] Open a new graph file.

  \item[Export to PostScript] Outputs the current graph in Postscript

  format, appropriately scaled to fit on one single sheet of A4 paper.

  The resulting file can be printed directly.

  \item[Export to EPS] Outputs the current graph in Encapsulated

  Postscript format. The resulting file can be included in other

  documents.

  \item[Quit] Quit the graph browser.

  \end{description}%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\isamarkupsubsection{Syntax of graph definition files%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

A graph definition file has the following syntax:

  \begin{tabular}{rcl}

    \isa{graph} & \isa{{\isachardoublequote}{\isacharequal}{\isachardoublequote}} & \isa{{\isachardoublequote}{\isacharbraceleft}\ vertex{\isachardoublequote}}~\verb|;|~\isa{{\isachardoublequote}{\isacharbraceright}\isactrlsup {\isacharplus}{\isachardoublequote}} \\

    \isa{vertex} & \isa{{\isachardoublequote}{\isacharequal}{\isachardoublequote}} & \isa{{\isachardoublequote}vertex{\isacharunderscore}name\ vertex{\isacharunderscore}ID\ dir{\isacharunderscore}name\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isachardoublequote}}~\verb|+|~\isa{{\isachardoublequote}{\isacharbrackright}\ path\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isachardoublequote}}~\verb|<|~\isa{{\isachardoublequote}{\isacharbar}{\isachardoublequote}}~\verb|>|~\isa{{\isachardoublequote}{\isacharbrackright}\ {\isacharbraceleft}\ vertex{\isacharunderscore}ID\ {\isacharbraceright}\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}{\isachardoublequote}}

  \end{tabular}

  The meaning of the items in a vertex description is as follows:

  \begin{description}

  \item[\isa{vertex{\isacharunderscore}name}] The name of the vertex.

  \item[\isa{vertex{\isacharunderscore}ID}] The vertex identifier. Note that there may

  be several vertices with equal names, whereas identifiers must be

  unique.

  \item[\isa{dir{\isacharunderscore}name}] The name of the ``directory'' the vertex

  should be placed in.  A ``\verb|+|'' sign after \isa{dir{\isacharunderscore}name} indicates that the nodes in the directory are initially

  visible. Directories are initially invisible by default.

  \item[\isa{path}] The path of the corresponding theory file. This

  is specified relatively to the path of the graph definition file.

  \item[List of successor/predecessor nodes] A ``\verb|<|''

  sign before the list means that successor nodes are listed, a

  ``\verb|>|'' sign means that predecessor nodes are listed. If

  neither ``\verb|<|'' nor ``\verb|>|'' is found, the

  browser assumes that successor nodes are listed.

  \end{description}%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\isamarkupsection{Creating Isabelle session directories

  \label{sec:tool-mkdir}%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The \indexdef{}{tool}{mkdir}\hypertarget{tool.mkdir}{\hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}}} utility prepares Isabelle session source

  directories, including a sensible default setup of \verb|IsaMakefile|, \verb|ROOT.ML|, and a \verb|document|

  directory with a minimal \verb|root.tex| that is sufficient to

  print all theories of the session (in the order of appearance); see

  \secref{sec:tool-document} for further information on Isabelle

  document preparation.  The usage of \verb|isatool mkdir| is:

\begin{ttbox}

Usage: mkdir [OPTIONS] [LOGIC] NAME

  Options are:

    -I FILE      alternative IsaMakefile output

    -P           include parent logic target

    -b           setup build mode (session outputs heap image)

    -q           quiet mode

  Prepare session directory, including IsaMakefile and document source,

  with parent LOGIC (default ISABELLE_LOGIC=\$ISABELLE_LOGIC)

\end{ttbox}

  The \hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}} tool is conservative in the sense that any

  existing \verb|IsaMakefile| etc.\ is left unchanged.  Thus it

  is safe to invoke it multiple times, although later runs may not

  have the desired effect.

  Note that \hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}} is unable to change \verb|IsaMakefile|

  incrementally --- manual changes are required for multiple

  sub-sessions.  On order to get an initial working session, the only

  editing needed is to add appropriate \verb|use_thy| calls to the

  generated \verb|ROOT.ML| file.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{Options%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

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\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The \verb|-I| option specifies an alternative to \verb|IsaMakefile| for dependencies.  Note that ``\verb|-|'' refers

  to \emph{stdout}, i.e.\ ``\verb|-I-|'' provides an easy way

  to peek at \hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}}'s idea of \hyperlink{tool.make}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{make}}}} setup required for

  some particular of Isabelle session.

  \medskip The \verb|-P| option includes a target for the

  parent \verb|LOGIC| session in the generated \verb|IsaMakefile|.  The corresponding sources are assumed to be located

  within the Isabelle distribution.

  \medskip The \verb|-b| option sets up the current directory

  as the base for a new session that provides an actual logic image,

  as opposed to one that only runs several theories based on an

  existing image.  Note that in the latter case, everything except

  \verb|IsaMakefile| would be placed into a separate directory

  \verb|NAME|, rather than the current one.  See

  \secref{sec:tool-usedir} for further information on \emph{build

  mode} vs.\ \emph{example mode} of the \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} utility.

  \medskip The \verb|-q| option enables quiet mode, suppressing

  further notes on how to proceed.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{Examples%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The standard setup of a single ``example session'' based on the

  default logic, with proper document generation is generated like

  this:

\begin{ttbox}

isatool mkdir Foo && isatool make

\end{ttbox}

  \noindent The theory sources should be put into the \verb|Foo|

  directory, and its \verb|ROOT.ML| should be edited to load all

  required theories.  Invoking \verb|isatool make| again would

  run the whole session, generating browser information and the

  document automatically.  The \verb|IsaMakefile| is typically

  tuned manually later, e.g.\ adding source dependencies, or changing

  the options passed to \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}}.

  \medskip Large projects may demand further sessions, potentially

  with separate logic images being created.  This usually requires

  manual editing of the generated \verb|IsaMakefile|, which is

  meant to cover all of the sub-session directories at the same time

  (this is the deeper reasong why \verb|IsaMakefile| is not made

  part of the initial session directory created by \verb|isatool|\isasep\isanewline%

\verb|  mkdir|).  See \verb|src/HOL/IsaMakefile| of the Isabelle

  distribution for a full-blown example.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\isamarkupsection{Running Isabelle sessions \label{sec:tool-usedir}%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The \indexdef{}{tool}{usedir}\hypertarget{tool.usedir}{\hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}}} utility builds object-logic images, or runs

  example sessions based on existing logics. Its usage is:

\begin{ttbox}

Usage: usedir [OPTIONS] LOGIC NAME

  Options are:

    -C BOOL      copy existing document directory to -D PATH (default true)

    -D PATH      dump generated document sources into PATH

    -M MAX       multithreading: maximum number of worker threads (default 1)

    -P PATH      set path for remote theory browsing information

    -T LEVEL     multithreading: trace level (default 0)

    -V VERSION   declare alternative document VERSION

    -b           build mode (output heap image, using current dir)

    -c BOOL      tell ML system to compress output image (default true)

    -d FORMAT    build document as FORMAT (default false)

    -f NAME      use ML file NAME (default ROOT.ML)

    -g BOOL      generate session graph image for document (default false)

    -i BOOL      generate theory browser information (default false)

    -m MODE      add print mode for output

    -p LEVEL     set level of detail for proof objects

    -r           reset session path

    -s NAME      override session NAME

    -v BOOL      be verbose (default false)

  Build object-logic or run examples. Also creates browsing

  information (HTML etc.) according to settings.

  ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS=

  HOL_USEDIR_OPTIONS=

\end{ttbox}

  Note that the value of the \indexref{}{setting}{ISABELLE\_USEDIR\_OPTIONS}\hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-USEDIR-OPTIONS}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}USEDIR{\isacharunderscore}OPTIONS}}}}

  setting is implicitly prefixed to \emph{any} \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}}

  call. Since the \verb|IsaMakefile|s of all object-logics

  distributed with Isabelle just invoke \texttt{usedir} for the real

  work, one may control compilation options globally via above

  variable. In particular, generation of \rmindex{HTML} browsing

  information and document preparation is controlled here.

  The \indexref{}{setting}{HOL\_USEDIR\_OPTIONS}\hyperlink{setting.HOL-USEDIR-OPTIONS}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{HOL{\isacharunderscore}USEDIR{\isacharunderscore}OPTIONS}}}} setting is specific to the

  plain and main Isabelle/HOL images; its value is appended to

  \hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-USEDIR-OPTIONS}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}USEDIR{\isacharunderscore}OPTIONS}}}} for these particular sessions

  only.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{Options%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

Basically, there are two different modes of operation: \emph{build

  mode} (enabled through the \verb|-b| option) and

  \emph{example mode} (default).

  Calling \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} with \verb|-b| runs \hyperlink{executable.isabelle-process}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{isabelle{\isacharminus}process}}}} with input image \verb|LOGIC| and output to

  \verb|NAME|, as provided on the command line. This will be a

  batch session, running \verb|ROOT.ML| from the current

  directory and then quitting.  It is assumed that \verb|ROOT.ML|

  contains all ML commands required to build the logic.

  In example mode, \verb|usedir| runs a read-only session of

  \verb|LOGIC| and automatically runs \verb|ROOT.ML| from

  within directory \verb|NAME|.  It assumes that this file

  contains appropriate ML commands to run the desired examples.

  \medskip The \verb|-i| option controls theory browser data

  generation. It may be explicitly turned on or off --- as usual, the

  last occurrence of \verb|-i| on the command line wins.

  The \verb|-P| option specifies a path (or actual URL) to be

  prefixed to any \emph{non-local} reference of existing theories.

  Thus user sessions may easily link to existing Isabelle libraries

  already present on the WWW.

  The \verb|-m| options specifies additional print modes to be

  activated temporarily while the session is processed.

  \medskip The \verb|-d| option controls document preparation.

  Valid arguments are \verb|false| (do not prepare any document;

  this is default), or any of \verb|dvi|, \verb|dvi.gz|,

  \verb|ps|, \verb|ps.gz|, \verb|pdf|.  The logic

  session has to provide a properly setup \verb|document|

  directory.  See \secref{sec:tool-document} and

  \secref{sec:tool-latex} for more details.

  \medskip The \verb|-V| option declares alternative document

  versions, consisting of name/tags pairs (cf.\ options \verb|-n| and \verb|-t| of the \indexref{}{tool}{document}\hyperlink{tool.document}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{document}}}} tool).  The

  standard document is equivalent to ``\verb|document=theory,proof,ML|'', which means that all theory begin/end

  commands, proof body texts, and ML code will be presented

  faithfully.  An alternative version ``\verb|outline=/proof/ML|'' would fold proof and ML parts, replacing the

  original text by a short place-holder.  The form ``\isa{name}\verb|=-|,'' means to remove document \isa{name} from

  the list of versions to be processed.  Any number of \verb|-V| options may be given; later declarations have precedence over

  earlier ones.

  \medskip The \verb|-g| option produces images of the theory

  dependency graph (cf.\ \secref{sec:browse}) for inclusion in the

  generated document, both as \verb|session_graph.eps| and

  \verb|session_graph.pdf| at the same time.  To include this in

  the final {\LaTeX} document one could say \verb|\includegraphics{session_graph}| in \verb|document/root.tex| (omitting the file-name extension enables

  {\LaTeX} to select to correct version, either for the DVI or PDF

  output path).

  \medskip The \verb|-D| option causes the generated document

  sources to be dumped at location \verb|PATH|; this path is

  relative to the session's main directory.  If the \verb|-C|

  option is true, this will include a copy of an existing \verb|document| directory as provided by the user.  For example,

  \verb|isatool usedir -D generated HOL Foo| produces a

  complete set of document sources at \verb|Foo/generated|.

  Subsequent invocation of \verb|isatool document|\isasep\isanewline%

\verb|  Foo/generated| (see also \secref{sec:tool-document}) will process

  the final result independently of an Isabelle job.  This decoupled

  mode of operation facilitates debugging of serious {\LaTeX} errors,

  for example.

  \medskip The \verb|-p| option determines the level of detail

  for internal proof objects, see also the \emph{Isabelle Reference

  Manual}~\cite{isabelle-ref}.

  \medskip The \verb|-v| option causes additional information

  to be printed while running the session, notably the location of

  prepared documents.

  \medskip The \verb|-M| option specifies the maximum number of

  parallel threads used for processing independent tasks when checking

  theory sources (multithreading only works on suitable ML platforms).

  The special value of ``\verb|0|'' or ``\verb|max|'' refers

  to the number of actual CPU cores of the underlying machine, which

  is a good starting point for optimal performance tuning.  The

  \verb|-T| option determines the level of detail in tracing

  output concerning the internal locking and scheduling in

  multithreaded operation.  This may be helpful in isolating

  performance bottle-necks, e.g.\ due to excessive wait states when

  locking critical code sections.

  \medskip Any \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} session is named by some \emph{session

  identifier}. These accumulate, documenting the way sessions depend

  on others. For example, consider \verb|Pure/FOL/ex|, which

  refers to the examples of FOL, which in turn is built upon Pure.

  The current session's identifier is by default just the base name of

  the \verb|LOGIC| argument (in build mode), or of the \verb|NAME| argument (in example mode). This may be overridden explicitly

  via the \verb|-s| option.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{Examples%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

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\begin{isamarkuptext}%

Refer to the \verb|IsaMakefile|s of the Isabelle distribution's

  object-logics as a model for your own developments.  For example,

  see \verb|src/FOL/IsaMakefile|.  The Isabelle \indexref{}{tool}{mkdir}\hyperlink{tool.mkdir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{mkdir}}}} tool creates \verb|IsaMakefile|s with proper invocation

  of \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} as well.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsection{Preparing Isabelle session documents

  \label{sec:tool-document}%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The \indexdef{}{tool}{document}\hypertarget{tool.document}{\hyperlink{tool.document}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{document}}}}} utility prepares logic session documents,

  processing the sources both as provided by the user and generated by

  Isabelle.  Its usage is:

\begin{ttbox}

Usage: document [OPTIONS] [DIR]

  Options are:

    -c           cleanup -- be aggressive in removing old stuff

    -n NAME      specify document name (default 'document')

    -o FORMAT    specify output format: dvi (default), dvi.gz, ps,

                 ps.gz, pdf

    -t TAGS      specify tagged region markup

  Prepare the theory session document in DIR (default 'document')

  producing the specified output format.

\end{ttbox}

  This tool is usually run automatically as part of the corresponding

  Isabelle batch process, provided document preparation has been

  enabled (cf.\ the \verb|-d| option of the \indexref{}{tool}{usedir}\hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}}

  tool).  It may be manually invoked on the generated browser

  information document output as well, e.g.\ in case of errors

  encountered in the batch run.

  \medskip The \verb|-c| option tells the \hyperlink{tool.document}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{document}}}} tool

  to dispose the document sources after successful operation.  This is

  the right thing to do for sources generated by an Isabelle process,

  but take care of your files in manual document preparation!

  \medskip The \verb|-n| and \verb|-o| option specify

  the final output file name and format, the default is ``\verb|document.dvi|''.  Note that the result will appear in the parent of

  the target \verb|DIR|.

  \medskip The \verb|-t| option tells {\LaTeX} how to interpret

  tagged Isabelle command regions.  Tags are specified as a comma

  separated list of modifier/name pairs: ``\verb|+|\isa{foo}'' (or just ``\isa{foo}'') means to keep, ``\verb|-|\isa{foo}'' to drop, and ``\verb|/|\isa{foo}'' to

  fold text tagged as \isa{foo}.  The builtin default is equivalent

  to the tag specification ``\verb|/theory,/proof,/ML,+visible,-invisible|''; see also the {\LaTeX}

  macros \verb|\isakeeptag|, \verb|\isadroptag|, and

  \verb|\isafoldtag|, in \verb|isabelle.sty|.

  \medskip Document preparation requires a properly setup ``\verb|document|'' directory within the logic session sources.  This

  directory is supposed to contain all the files needed to produce the

  final document --- apart from the actual theories which are

  generated by Isabelle.

  \medskip For most practical purposes, the \hyperlink{tool.document}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{document}}}} tool is

  smart enough to create any of the specified output formats, taking

  \verb|root.tex| supplied by the user as a starting point.  This

  even includes multiple runs of {\LaTeX} to accommodate references

  and bibliographies (the latter assumes \verb|root.bib| within

  the same directory).

  In more complex situations, a separate \verb|IsaMakefile| for

  the document sources may be given instead.  This should provide

  targets for any admissible document format; these have to produce

  corresponding output files named after \verb|root| as well,

  e.g.\ \verb|root.dvi| for target format \verb|dvi|.

  \medskip When running the session, Isabelle copies the original

  \verb|document| directory into its proper place within

  \verb|ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO| according to the session path.

  Then, for any processed theory \isa{A} some {\LaTeX} source is

  generated and put there as \isa{A}\verb|.tex|.

  Furthermore, a list of all generated theory files is put into

  \verb|session.tex|.  Typically, the root {\LaTeX} file provided

  by the user would include \verb|session.tex| to get a document

  containing all the theories.

  The {\LaTeX} versions of the theories require some macros defined in

  \verb|isabelle.sty| as distributed with Isabelle.  Doing

  \verb|\usepackage{isabelle}| in \verb|root.tex| should

  be fine; the underlying Isabelle \hyperlink{tool.latex}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{latex}}}} tool already includes

  an appropriate path specification for {\TeX} inputs.

  If the text contains any references to Isabelle symbols (such as

  \verb|\|\verb|<forall>|) then \verb|isabellesym.sty| should be included as well.  This package contains

  a standard set of {\LaTeX} macro definitions \verb|\isasym|\isa{foo} corresponding to \verb|\|\verb|<|\isa{foo}\verb|>|, (see \appref{app:symbols} for a

  complete list of predefined Isabelle symbols).  Users may invent

  further symbols as well, just by providing {\LaTeX} macros in a

  similar fashion as in \verb|isabellesym.sty| of the

  distribution.

  For proper setup of DVI and PDF documents (with hyperlinks and

  bookmarks), we recommend to include \verb|pdfsetup.sty| as

  well.

  \medskip As a final step of document preparation within Isabelle,

  \verb|isatool document -c| is run on the resulting \verb|document| directory.  Thus the actual output document is built and

  installed in its proper place (as linked by the session's \verb|index.html| if option \verb|-i| of \indexref{}{tool}{usedir}\hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} has

  been enabled, cf.\ \secref{sec:info}).  The generated sources are

  deleted after successful run of {\LaTeX} and friends.  Note that a

  separate copy of the sources may be retained by passing an option

  \verb|-D| to the \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} utility when running the

  session.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\isamarkupsection{Running {\LaTeX} within the Isabelle environment

  \label{sec:tool-latex}%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

%

\begin{isamarkuptext}%

The \indexdef{}{tool}{latex}\hypertarget{tool.latex}{\hyperlink{tool.latex}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{latex}}}}} utility provides the basic interface for

  Isabelle document preparation.  Its usage is:

\begin{ttbox}

Usage: latex [OPTIONS] [FILE]

  Options are:

    -o FORMAT    specify output format: dvi (default), dvi.gz, ps,

                 ps.gz, pdf, bbl, idx, sty, syms

  Run LaTeX (and related tools) on FILE (default root.tex),

  producing the specified output format.

\end{ttbox}

  Appropriate {\LaTeX}-related programs are run on the input file,

  according to the given output format: \hyperlink{executable.latex}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{latex}}}},

  \hyperlink{executable.pdflatex}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{pdflatex}}}}, \hyperlink{executable.dvips}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{dvips}}}}, \hyperlink{executable.bibtex}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{bibtex}}}}

  (for \verb|bbl|), and \hyperlink{executable.makeindex}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{makeindex}}}} (for \verb|idx|).  The actual commands are determined from the settings

  environment (\hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-LATEX}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}LATEX}}}} etc.).

  The \verb|sty| output format causes the Isabelle style files to

  be updated from the distribution.  This is useful in special

  situations where the document sources are to be processed another

  time by separate tools (cf.\ option \verb|-D| of the \hyperlink{tool.usedir}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{usedir}}}} utility).

  The \verb|syms| output is for internal use; it generates lists

  of symbols that are available without loading additional {\LaTeX}

  packages.%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

\isamarkuptrue%

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\isamarkupsubsubsection{Examples%

}

\isamarkuptrue%

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\begin{isamarkuptext}%

Invoking \verb|isatool latex| by hand may be occasionally

  useful when debugging failed attempts of the automatic document

  preparation stage of batch-mode Isabelle.  The abortive process

  leaves the sources at a certain place within \hyperlink{setting.ISABELLE-BROWSER-INFO}{\mbox{\isa{\isatt{ISABELLE{\isacharunderscore}BROWSER{\isacharunderscore}INFO}}}}, see the runtime error message for details.

  This enables users to inspect {\LaTeX} runs in further detail, e.g.\

  like this:

\begin{ttbox}

  cd ~/isabelle/browser_info/HOL/Test/document

  isatool latex -o pdf

\end{ttbox}%

\end{isamarkuptext}%

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