1.1 --- a/src/HOL/ex/ROOT.ML	Wed Feb 17 09:51:46 2010 +0100
     1.2 +++ b/src/HOL/ex/ROOT.ML	Wed Feb 17 10:43:20 2010 +0100
     1.3 @@ -66,7 +66,8 @@
     1.4    "Refute_Examples",
     1.5    "Quickcheck_Examples",
     1.6    "Landau",
     1.7 -  "Execute_Choice"
     1.8 +  "Execute_Choice",
     1.9 +  "Summation"
    1.10  ];
    1.11  
    1.12  HTML.with_charset "utf-8" (no_document use_thys)

     2.1 --- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
     2.2 +++ b/src/HOL/ex/Summation.thy	Wed Feb 17 10:43:20 2010 +0100
     2.3 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
     2.4 +(* Author: Florian Haftmann, TU Muenchen *)
     2.5 +
     2.6 +header {* Some basic facts about discrete summation *}
     2.7 +
     2.8 +theory Summation
     2.9 +imports Main
    2.10 +begin
    2.11 +
    2.12 +text {* Auxiliary. *}
    2.13 +
    2.14 +lemma add_setsum_orient:
    2.15 +  "setsum f {k..<j} + setsum f {l..<k} = setsum f {l..<k} + setsum f {k..<j}"
    2.16 +  by (fact plus.commute)
    2.17 +
    2.18 +lemma add_setsum_int:
    2.19 +  fixes j k l :: int
    2.20 +  shows "j < k \<Longrightarrow> k < l \<Longrightarrow> setsum f {j..<k} + setsum f {k..<l} = setsum f {j..<l}"
    2.21 +  by (simp_all add: setsum_Un_Int [symmetric] ivl_disj_un)
    2.22 +
    2.23 +text {* The shift operator. *}
    2.24 +
    2.25 +definition \<Delta> :: "(int \<Rightarrow> 'a\<Colon>ab_group_add) \<Rightarrow> int \<Rightarrow> 'a" where
    2.26 +  "\<Delta> f k = f (k + 1) - f k"
    2.27 +
    2.28 +lemma \<Delta>_shift:
    2.29 +  "\<Delta> (\<lambda>k. l + f k) = \<Delta> f"
    2.30 +  by (simp add: \<Delta>_def expand_fun_eq)
    2.31 +
    2.32 +lemma \<Delta>_same_shift:
    2.33 +  assumes "\<Delta> f = \<Delta> g"
    2.34 +  shows "\<exists>l. (op +) l \<circ> f = g"
    2.35 +proof -
    2.36 +  fix k
    2.37 +  from assms have "\<And>k. \<Delta> f k = \<Delta> g k" by simp
    2.38 +  then have k_incr: "\<And>k. f (k + 1) - g (k + 1) = f k - g k"
    2.39 +    by (simp add: \<Delta>_def algebra_simps)
    2.40 +  then have "\<And>k. f ((k - 1) + 1) - g ((k - 1) + 1) = f (k - 1) - g (k - 1)"
    2.41 +    by blast
    2.42 +  then have k_decr: "\<And>k. f (k - 1) - g (k - 1) = f k - g k"
    2.43 +    by simp
    2.44 +  have "\<And>k. f k - g k = f 0 - g 0"
    2.45 +  proof -
    2.46 +    fix k
    2.47 +    show "f k - g k = f 0 - g 0"
    2.48 +      by (induct k rule: int_induct) (simp_all add: k_incr k_decr)
    2.49 +  qed
    2.50 +  then have "\<And>k. ((op +) (g 0 - f 0) \<circ> f) k = g k"
    2.51 +    by (simp add: algebra_simps)
    2.52 +  then have "(op +) (g 0 - f 0) \<circ> f = g" ..
    2.53 +  then show ?thesis ..
    2.54 +qed
    2.55 +
    2.56 +text {* The formal sum operator. *}
    2.57 +
    2.58 +definition \<Sigma> :: "(int \<Rightarrow> 'a\<Colon>ab_group_add) \<Rightarrow> int \<Rightarrow> int \<Rightarrow> 'a" where
    2.59 +  "\<Sigma> f j l = (if j < l then setsum f {j..<l}
    2.60 +    else if j > l then - setsum f {l..<j}
    2.61 +    else 0)"
    2.62 +
    2.63 +lemma \<Sigma>_same [simp]:
    2.64 +  "\<Sigma> f j j = 0"
    2.65 +  by (simp add: \<Sigma>_def)
    2.66 +
    2.67 +lemma \<Sigma>_positive:
    2.68 +  "j < l \<Longrightarrow> \<Sigma> f j l = setsum f {j..<l}"
    2.69 +  by (simp add: \<Sigma>_def)
    2.70 +
    2.71 +lemma \<Sigma>_negative:
    2.72 +  "j > l \<Longrightarrow> \<Sigma> f j l = - \<Sigma> f l j"
    2.73 +  by (simp add: \<Sigma>_def)
    2.74 +
    2.75 +lemma add_\<Sigma>:
    2.76 +  "\<Sigma> f j k + \<Sigma> f k l = \<Sigma> f j l"
    2.77 +  by (simp add: \<Sigma>_def algebra_simps add_setsum_int)
    2.78 +   (simp_all add: add_setsum_orient [of f k j l]
    2.79 +      add_setsum_orient [of f j l k]
    2.80 +      add_setsum_orient [of f j k l] add_setsum_int)
    2.81 +
    2.82 +lemma \<Sigma>_incr_upper:
    2.83 +  "\<Sigma> f j (l + 1) = \<Sigma> f j l + f l"
    2.84 +proof -
    2.85 +  have "{l..<l+1} = {l}" by auto
    2.86 +  then have "\<Sigma> f l (l + 1) = f l" by (simp add: \<Sigma>_def)
    2.87 +  moreover have "\<Sigma> f j (l + 1) = \<Sigma> f j l + \<Sigma> f l (l + 1)" by (simp add: add_\<Sigma>)
    2.88 +  ultimately show ?thesis by simp
    2.89 +qed
    2.90 +
    2.91 +text {* Fundamental lemmas: The relation between @{term \<Delta>} and @{term \<Sigma>}. *}
    2.92 +
    2.93 +lemma \<Delta>_\<Sigma>:
    2.94 +  "\<Delta> (\<Sigma> f j) = f"
    2.95 +proof
    2.96 +  fix k
    2.97 +  show "\<Delta> (\<Sigma> f j) k = f k"
    2.98 +    by (simp add: \<Delta>_def \<Sigma>_incr_upper)
    2.99 +qed
   2.100 +
   2.101 +lemma \<Sigma>_\<Delta>:
   2.102 +  "\<Sigma> (\<Delta> f) j l = f l - f j"
   2.103 +proof -
   2.104 +  from \<Delta>_\<Sigma> have "\<Delta> (\<Sigma> (\<Delta> f) j) = \<Delta> f" .
   2.105 +  then obtain k where "(op +) k \<circ> \<Sigma> (\<Delta> f) j = f" by (blast dest: \<Delta>_same_shift)
   2.106 +  then have "\<And>q. f q = k + \<Sigma> (\<Delta> f) j q" by (simp add: expand_fun_eq)
   2.107 +  then show ?thesis by simp
   2.108 +qed
   2.109 +
   2.110 +end