introduce Bochner integral: generalizes Lebesgue integral from real-valued function to functions on real-normed vector spaces
1 Isabelle NEWS -- history user-relevant changes
2 ==============================================
4 New in this Isabelle version
5 ----------------------------
9 * Document antiquotation @{url} produces markup for the given URL,
10 which results in an active hyperlink within the text.
12 * Document antiquotation @{file_unchecked} is like @{file}, but does
13 not check existence within the file-system.
15 * Discontinued legacy_isub_isup, which was a temporary Isabelle/ML
16 workaround in Isabelle2013-1. The prover process no longer accepts
17 old identifier syntax with \<^isub> or \<^isup>.
19 * Syntax of document antiquotation @{rail} now uses \<newline> instead
20 of "\\", to avoid the optical illusion of escaped backslash within
21 string token. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
23 * Lexical syntax (inner and outer) supports text cartouches with
24 arbitrary nesting, and without escapes of quotes etc. The Prover IDE
25 supports input via ` (backquote).
27 * The outer syntax categories "text" (for formal comments and document
28 markup commands) and "altstring" (for literal fact references) allow
29 cartouches as well, in addition to the traditional mix of quotations.
31 * More static checking of proof methods, which allows the system to
32 form a closure over the concrete syntax. Method arguments should be
33 processed in the original proof context as far as possible, before
34 operating on the goal state. In any case, the standard discipline for
35 subgoal-addressing needs to be observed: no subgoals or a subgoal
36 number that is out of range produces an empty result sequence, not an
37 exception. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY for non-conformant tactical
40 * Support for official Standard ML within the Isabelle context.
41 Command 'SML_file' reads and evaluates the given Standard ML file.
42 Toplevel bindings are stored within the theory context; the initial
43 environment is restricted to the Standard ML implementation of
44 Poly/ML, without the add-ons of Isabelle/ML. Commands 'SML_import'
45 and 'SML_export' allow to exchange toplevel bindings between the two
46 separate environments. See also ~~/src/Tools/SML/Examples.thy for
50 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
52 * Improved syntactic and semantic completion mechanism:
54 - No completion for Isar keywords that have already been recognized
55 by the prover, e.g. ":" within accepted Isar syntax looses its
56 meaning as abbreviation for symbol "\<in>".
58 - Completion context provides information about embedded languages
59 of Isabelle: keywords are only completed for outer syntax, symbols
60 or antiquotations for languages that support them. E.g. no symbol
61 completion for ML source, but within ML strings, comments,
64 - Support for semantic completion based on failed name space lookup.
65 The error produced by the prover contains information about
66 alternative names that are accessible in a particular position.
67 This may be used with explicit completion (C+b) or implicit
68 completion after some delay.
70 - Semantic completions may get extended by appending a suffix of
71 underscores to an already recognized name, e.g. "foo_" to complete
72 "foo" or "foobar" if these are known in the context. The special
73 identifier "__" serves as a wild-card in this respect: it
74 completes to the full collection of names from the name space
75 (truncated according to the system option "completion_limit").
77 - Syntax completion of the editor and semantic completion of the
78 prover are merged. Since the latter requires a full round-trip of
79 document update to arrive, the default for option
80 jedit_completion_delay has been changed to 0.5s to improve the
83 - Option jedit_completion_immediate may now get used with
84 jedit_completion_delay > 0, to complete symbol abbreviations
85 aggressively while benefiting from combined syntactic and semantic
88 - Support for simple completion templates (with single
89 place-holder), e.g. "`" for text cartouche, or "@{" for
92 - Support for path completion within the formal text, based on
95 - Improved treatment of completion vs. various forms of jEdit text
96 selection (multiple selections, rectangular selections,
97 rectangular selection as "tall caret").
99 - More reliable treatment of GUI events vs. completion popups: avoid
100 loosing keystrokes with slow / remote graphics displays.
102 * Integrated spell-checker for document text, comments etc. with
103 completion popup and context-menu. See also "Plugin Options /
104 Isabelle / General / Spell Checker" for some system options.
106 * Auxiliary files ('ML_file' etc.) are managed by the Prover IDE.
107 Open text buffers take precedence over copies within the file-system.
109 * Improved support for Isabelle/ML, with jEdit mode "isabelle-ml" for
112 * Document panel: simplied interaction where every single mouse click
113 (re)opens document via desktop environment or as jEdit buffer.
115 * More general "Query" panel supersedes "Find" panel, with GUI access
116 to commands 'find_theorems' and 'find_consts', as well as print
117 operations for the context. Minor incompatibility in keyboard
118 shortcuts etc.: replace action isabelle-find by isabelle-query.
120 * Search field for all output panels ("Output", "Query", "Info" etc.)
121 to highlight text via regular expression.
123 * Option "jedit_print_mode" (see also "Plugin Options / Isabelle /
124 General") allows to specify additional print modes for the prover
125 process, without requiring old-fashioned command-line invocation of
126 "isabelle jedit -m MODE".
128 * New panel: Simplifier trace. Provides an interactive view of the
129 simplification process, enabled by the newly-introduced
130 "simplifier_trace" declaration.
132 * Support for Navigator plugin (with toolbar buttons).
134 * More support for remote files (e.g. http) using standard Java
135 networking operations instead of jEdit virtual file-systems.
137 * Improved Console/Scala plugin: more uniform scala.Console output,
138 more robust treatment of threads and interrupts.
140 * Improved management of dockable windows: clarified keyboard focus
141 and window placement wrt. main editor view; optional menu item to
142 "Detach" a copy where this makes sense.
147 * Basic constants of Pure use more conventional names and are always
148 qualified. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY, but with potentially serious
149 consequences, notably for tools in Isabelle/ML. The following
150 renaming needs to be applied:
156 dummy_pattern ~> Pure.dummy_pattern
158 Systematic porting works by using the following theory setup on a
159 *previous* Isabelle version to introduce the new name accesses for the
165 |> Sign.const_alias (Binding.qualify true "Pure" @{binding eq}) "=="
166 |> Sign.const_alias (Binding.qualify true "Pure" @{binding imp}) "==>"
167 |> Sign.const_alias (Binding.qualify true "Pure" @{binding all}) "all"
168 |> Sign.restore_naming thy
171 Thus ML antiquotations like @{const_name Pure.eq} may be used already.
172 Later the application is moved to the current Isabelle version, and
173 the auxiliary aliases are deleted.
175 * Low-level type-class commands 'classes', 'classrel', 'arities' have
176 been discontinued to avoid the danger of non-trivial axiomatization
177 that is not immediately visible. INCOMPATIBILITY, use regular
178 'instance' with proof. The required OFCLASS(...) theorem might be
179 postulated via 'axiomatization' beforehand, or the proof finished
180 trivially if the underlying class definition is made vacuous (without
181 any assumptions). See also Isabelle/ML operations
182 Axclass.axiomatize_class, Axclass.axiomatize_classrel,
183 Axclass.axiomatize_arity.
185 * Attributes "where" and "of" allow an optional context of local
186 variables ('for' declaration): these variables become schematic in the
187 instantiated theorem.
189 * Obsolete attribute "standard" has been discontinued (legacy since
190 Isabelle2012). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, use explicit 'for' context
191 where instantiations with schematic variables are intended (for
192 declaration commands like 'lemmas' or attributes like "of"). The
193 following temporary definition may help to port old applications:
195 attribute_setup standard =
196 "Scan.succeed (Thm.rule_attribute (K Drule.export_without_context))"
198 * More thorough check of proof context for goal statements and
199 attributed fact expressions (concerning background theory, declared
200 hyps). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, tools need to observe standard
201 context discipline. See also Assumption.add_assumes and the more
202 primitive Thm.assume_hyps.
204 * Inner syntax token language allows regular quoted strings "..."
205 (only makes sense in practice, if outer syntax is delimited
211 * Command and antiquotation ''value'' are hardcoded against nbe and
212 ML now. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
214 * Separate command ''approximate'' for approximative computation
215 in Decision_Procs/Approximation. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
217 * Adjustion of INF and SUP operations:
218 * Elongated constants INFI and SUPR to INFIMUM and SUPREMUM.
219 * Consolidated theorem names containing INFI and SUPR: have INF
220 and SUP instead uniformly.
221 * More aggressive normalization of expressions involving INF and Inf
223 * INF_image and SUP_image do not unfold composition.
224 * Dropped facts INF_comp, SUP_comp.
225 * Default congruence rules strong_INF_cong and strong_SUP_cong,
226 with simplifier implication in premises. Generalize and replace
227 former INT_cong, SUP_cong
230 * Swapped orientation of facts image_comp and vimage_comp:
231 image_compose ~> image_comp [symmetric]
232 image_comp ~> image_comp [symmetric]
233 vimage_compose ~> vimage_comp [symmetric]
234 vimage_comp ~> vimage_comp [symmetric]
237 * Simplifier: Enhanced solver of preconditions of rewrite rules
238 can now deal with conjunctions.
239 For help with converting proofs, the old behaviour of the simplifier
240 can be restored like this: declare/using [[simp_legacy_precond]]
241 This configuration option will disappear again in the future.
244 * Abandoned fact collection "word_arith_alts", which is a
245 duplicate of "word_arith_wis".
246 * Dropped first (duplicated) element in fact collections
247 "sint_word_ariths", "word_arith_alts", "uint_word_ariths",
248 "uint_word_arith_bintrs".
250 * Code generator: enforce case of identifiers only for strict
251 target language requirements. INCOMPATIBILITY.
253 * Code generator: explicit proof contexts in many ML interfaces.
256 * Code generator: minimize exported identifiers by default.
257 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
259 * Code generation for SML and OCaml: dropped arcane "no_signatures" option.
260 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
262 * Simproc "finite_Collect" is no longer enabled by default, due to
263 spurious crashes and other surprises. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
265 * Moved new (co)datatype package and its dependencies from "HOL-BNF" to "HOL".
266 The "bnf", "wrap_free_constructors", "datatype_new", "codatatype",
267 "primcorec", and "primcorecursive" commands are now part of "Main".
269 FunDef.thy ~> Fun_Def.thy (and Fun_Def_Base.thy)
270 Library/Wfrec.thy ~> Wfrec.thy
271 Library/Zorn.thy ~> Zorn.thy
272 Cardinals/Order_Relation.thy ~> Order_Relation.thy
273 Library/Order_Union.thy ~> Cardinals/Order_Union.thy
274 Cardinals/Cardinal_Arithmetic_Base.thy ~> BNF_Cardinal_Arithmetic.thy
275 Cardinals/Cardinal_Order_Relation_Base.thy ~> BNF_Cardinal_Order_Relation.thy
276 Cardinals/Constructions_on_Wellorders_Base.thy ~> BNF_Constructions_on_Wellorders.thy
277 Cardinals/Wellorder_Embedding_Base.thy ~> BNF_Wellorder_Embedding.thy
278 Cardinals/Wellorder_Relation_Base.thy ~> BNF_Wellorder_Relation.thy
279 BNF/Ctr_Sugar.thy ~> Ctr_Sugar.thy
280 BNF/Basic_BNFs.thy ~> Basic_BNFs.thy
281 BNF/BNF_Comp.thy ~> BNF_Comp.thy
282 BNF/BNF_Def.thy ~> BNF_Def.thy
283 BNF/BNF_FP_Base.thy ~> BNF_FP_Base.thy
284 BNF/BNF_GFP.thy ~> BNF_GFP.thy
285 BNF/BNF_LFP.thy ~> BNF_LFP.thy
286 BNF/BNF_Util.thy ~> BNF_Util.thy
287 BNF/Coinduction.thy ~> Coinduction.thy
288 BNF/More_BNFs.thy ~> Library/More_BNFs.thy
289 BNF/Countable_Type.thy ~> Library/Countable_Set_Type.thy
290 BNF/Examples/* ~> BNF_Examples/*
292 Wellorder_Extension.thy (split from Zorn.thy)
293 Library/Cardinal_Notations.thy
294 Library/BNF_Axomatization.thy
295 BNF_Examples/Misc_Primcorec.thy
296 BNF_Examples/Stream_Processor.thy
297 Discontinued theories:
299 BNF/Equiv_Relations_More.thy
302 * New (co)datatype package:
303 * "primcorec" is fully implemented.
304 * "datatype_new" generates size functions ("size_xxx" and "size") as
306 * BNFs are integrated with the Lifting tool and new-style (co)datatypes
309 datatype_new_compat ~> datatype_compat
310 primrec_new ~> primrec
311 wrap_free_constructors ~> free_constructors
313 * The generated constants "xxx_case" and "xxx_rec" have been renamed
314 "case_xxx" and "rec_xxx" (e.g., "prod_case" ~> "case_prod").
316 * The constant "xxx_(un)fold" and related theorems are no longer generated.
317 Use "xxx_(co)rec" or define "xxx_(un)fold" manually using "prim(co)rec".
320 * Old datatype package:
321 * The generated theorems "xxx.cases" and "xxx.recs" have been renamed
322 "xxx.case" and "xxx.rec" (e.g., "sum.cases" -> "sum.case").
324 * The generated constants "xxx_case", "xxx_rec", and "xxx_size" have been
325 renamed "case_xxx", "rec_xxx", and "size_xxx" (e.g., "prod_case" ~>
329 * The types "'a list" and "'a option", their set and map functions, their
330 relators, and their selectors are now produced using the new BNF-based
333 Option.set ~> set_option
334 Option.map ~> map_option
335 option_rel ~> rel_option
337 set_def ~> set_rec[abs_def]
338 map_def ~> map_rec[abs_def]
339 Option.map_def ~> map_option_case[abs_def] (with "case_option" instead of "rec_option")
340 option.recs ~> option.rec
341 list_all2_def ~> list_all2_iff
342 set.simps ~> set_simps (or the slightly different "list.set")
343 map.simps ~> list.map
344 hd.simps ~> list.sel(1)
345 tl.simps ~> list.sel(2-3)
346 the.simps ~> option.sel
349 * The following map functions and relators have been renamed:
356 filter_rel ~> rel_filter
357 fset_rel ~> rel_fset (in "Library/FSet.thy")
358 cset_rel ~> rel_cset (in "Library/Countable_Set_Type.thy")
359 vset ~> rel_vset (in "Library/Quotient_Set.thy")
362 Cardinals/Ordinal_Arithmetic.thy
364 * Theory reorganizations:
365 * Big_Operators.thy ~> Groups_Big.thy and Lattices_Big.thy
367 * New internal SAT solver "cdclite" that produces models and proof traces.
368 This solver replaces the internal SAT solvers "enumerate" and "dpll".
369 Applications that explicitly used one of these two SAT solvers should
370 use "cdclite" instead. In addition, "cdclite" is now the default SAT
371 solver for the "sat" and "satx" proof methods and corresponding tactics;
372 the old default can be restored using
373 "declare [[sat_solver = zchaff_with_proofs]]". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
376 * A new version of the SMT module, temporarily called "SMT2", uses SMT-LIB 2
377 and supports recent versions of Z3 (e.g., 4.3). The new proof method is
378 called "smt2", and the new Z3 is called "z3_new" in Sledgehammer and
382 - New prover "z3_new" with support for Isar proofs
386 isar_compress ~> compress_isar
387 isar_try0 ~> try0_isar
391 - Removed legacy proof method 'metisFT'. Use 'metis (full_types)' instead.
394 * Try0: Added 'algebra' and 'meson' to the set of proof methods.
396 * Command renaming: enriched_type ~> functor. INCOMPATIBILITY.
398 * The symbol "\<newline>" may be used within char or string literals
399 to represent (Char Nibble0 NibbleA), i.e. ASCII newline.
401 * Activation of Z3 now works via "z3_non_commercial" system option
402 (without requiring restart), instead of former settings variable
403 "Z3_NON_COMMERCIAL". The option can be edited in Isabelle/jEdit menu
404 Plugin Options / Isabelle / General.
406 * "declare [[code abort: ...]]" replaces "code_abort ...".
409 * "declare [[code drop: ...]]" drops all code equations associated
410 with the given constants.
412 * Abolished slightly odd global lattice interpretation for min/max.
415 min_max.inf_assoc ~> min.assoc
416 min_max.inf_commute ~> min.commute
417 min_max.inf_left_commute ~> min.left_commute
418 min_max.inf_idem ~> min.idem
419 min_max.inf_left_idem ~> min.left_idem
420 min_max.inf_right_idem ~> min.right_idem
421 min_max.sup_assoc ~> max.assoc
422 min_max.sup_commute ~> max.commute
423 min_max.sup_left_commute ~> max.left_commute
424 min_max.sup_idem ~> max.idem
425 min_max.sup_left_idem ~> max.left_idem
426 min_max.sup_inf_distrib1 ~> max_min_distrib2
427 min_max.sup_inf_distrib2 ~> max_min_distrib1
428 min_max.inf_sup_distrib1 ~> min_max_distrib2
429 min_max.inf_sup_distrib2 ~> min_max_distrib1
430 min_max.distrib ~> min_max_distribs
431 min_max.inf_absorb1 ~> min.absorb1
432 min_max.inf_absorb2 ~> min.absorb2
433 min_max.sup_absorb1 ~> max.absorb1
434 min_max.sup_absorb2 ~> max.absorb2
435 min_max.le_iff_inf ~> min.absorb_iff1
436 min_max.le_iff_sup ~> max.absorb_iff2
437 min_max.inf_le1 ~> min.cobounded1
438 min_max.inf_le2 ~> min.cobounded2
439 le_maxI1, min_max.sup_ge1 ~> max.cobounded1
440 le_maxI2, min_max.sup_ge2 ~> max.cobounded2
441 min_max.le_infI1 ~> min.coboundedI1
442 min_max.le_infI2 ~> min.coboundedI2
443 min_max.le_supI1 ~> max.coboundedI1
444 min_max.le_supI2 ~> max.coboundedI2
445 min_max.less_infI1 ~> min.strict_coboundedI1
446 min_max.less_infI2 ~> min.strict_coboundedI2
447 min_max.less_supI1 ~> max.strict_coboundedI1
448 min_max.less_supI2 ~> max.strict_coboundedI2
449 min_max.inf_mono ~> min.mono
450 min_max.sup_mono ~> max.mono
451 min_max.le_infI, min_max.inf_greatest ~> min.boundedI
452 min_max.le_supI, min_max.sup_least ~> max.boundedI
453 min_max.le_inf_iff ~> min.bounded_iff
454 min_max.le_sup_iff ~> max.bounded_iff
456 For min_max.inf_sup_aci, prefer (one of) min.commute, min.assoc,
457 min.left_commute, min.left_idem, max.commute, max.assoc,
458 max.left_commute, max.left_idem directly.
460 For min_max.inf_sup_ord, prefer (one of) min.cobounded1, min.cobounded2,
461 max.cobounded1m max.cobounded2 directly.
463 For min_ac or max_ac, prefer more general collection ac_simps.
467 * Word library: bit representations prefer type bool over type bit.
470 * Theorem disambiguation Inf_le_Sup (on finite sets) ~> Inf_fin_le_Sup_fin.
473 * Code generations are provided for make, fields, extend and truncate
474 operations on records.
476 * Qualified constant names Wellfounded.acc, Wellfounded.accp.
479 * Fact generalization and consolidation:
480 neq_one_mod_two, mod_2_not_eq_zero_eq_one_int ~> not_mod_2_eq_0_eq_1
483 * Purely algebraic definition of even. Fact generalization and consolidation:
484 nat_even_iff_2_dvd, int_even_iff_2_dvd ~> even_iff_2_dvd
485 even_zero_(nat|int) ~> even_zero
488 * Abolished neg_numeral.
489 * Canonical representation for minus one is "- 1".
490 * Canonical representation for other negative numbers is "- (numeral _)".
491 * When devising rule sets for number calculation, consider the
492 following canonical cases: 0, 1, numeral _, - 1, - numeral _.
493 * HOLogic.dest_number also recognizes numerals in non-canonical forms
494 like "numeral One", "- numeral One", "- 0" and even "- ... - _".
495 * Syntax for negative numerals is mere input syntax.
498 * Elimination of fact duplicates:
499 equals_zero_I ~> minus_unique
500 diff_eq_0_iff_eq ~> right_minus_eq
501 nat_infinite ~> infinite_UNIV_nat
502 int_infinite ~> infinite_UNIV_int
505 * Fact name consolidation:
506 diff_def, diff_minus, ab_diff_minus ~> diff_conv_add_uminus
507 minus_le_self_iff ~> neg_less_eq_nonneg
508 le_minus_self_iff ~> less_eq_neg_nonpos
509 neg_less_nonneg ~> neg_less_pos
510 less_minus_self_iff ~> less_neg_neg [simp]
513 * More simplification rules on unary and binary minus:
514 add_diff_cancel, add_diff_cancel_left, add_le_same_cancel1,
515 add_le_same_cancel2, add_less_same_cancel1, add_less_same_cancel2,
516 add_minus_cancel, diff_add_cancel, le_add_same_cancel1,
517 le_add_same_cancel2, less_add_same_cancel1, less_add_same_cancel2,
518 minus_add_cancel, uminus_add_conv_diff. These correspondingly
519 have been taken away from fact collections algebra_simps and
520 field_simps. INCOMPATIBILITY.
522 To restore proofs, the following patterns are helpful:
524 a) Arbitrary failing proof not involving "diff_def":
525 Consider simplification with algebra_simps or field_simps.
527 b) Lifting rules from addition to subtraction:
528 Try with "using <rule for addition> of [... "- _" ...]" by simp".
530 c) Simplification with "diff_def": just drop "diff_def".
531 Consider simplification with algebra_simps or field_simps;
532 or the brute way with
533 "simp add: diff_conv_add_uminus del: add_uminus_conv_diff".
535 * SUP and INF generalized to conditionally_complete_lattice
537 * Theory Lubs moved HOL image to HOL-Library. It is replaced by
538 Conditionally_Complete_Lattices. INCOMPATIBILITY.
540 * Introduce bdd_above and bdd_below in Conditionally_Complete_Lattices, use them
541 instead of explicitly stating boundedness of sets.
543 * ccpo.admissible quantifies only over non-empty chains to allow
544 more syntax-directed proof rules; the case of the empty chain
545 shows up as additional case in fixpoint induction proofs.
548 * Removed and renamed theorems in Series:
549 summable_le ~> suminf_le
550 suminf_le ~> suminf_le_const
551 series_pos_le ~> setsum_le_suminf
552 series_pos_less ~> setsum_less_suminf
553 suminf_ge_zero ~> suminf_nonneg
554 suminf_gt_zero ~> suminf_pos
555 suminf_gt_zero_iff ~> suminf_pos_iff
556 summable_sumr_LIMSEQ_suminf ~> summable_LIMSEQ
557 suminf_0_le ~> suminf_nonneg [rotate]
558 pos_summable ~> summableI_nonneg_bounded
559 ratio_test ~> summable_ratio_test
561 removed series_zero, replaced by sums_finite
563 removed auxiliary lemmas:
564 sumr_offset, sumr_offset2, sumr_offset3, sumr_offset4, sumr_group,
565 half, le_Suc_ex_iff, lemma_realpow_diff_sumr, real_setsum_nat_ivl_bounded,
566 summable_le2, ratio_test_lemma2, sumr_minus_one_realpow_zerom,
567 sumr_one_lb_realpow_zero, summable_convergent_sumr_iff, sumr_diff_mult_const
570 * Replace (F)DERIV syntax by has_derivative:
571 - "(f has_derivative f') (at x within s)" replaces "FDERIV f x : s : f'"
573 - "(f has_field_derivative f') (at x within s)" replaces "DERIV f x : s : f'"
575 - "f differentiable at x within s" replaces "_ differentiable _ in _" syntax
577 - removed constant isDiff
579 - "DERIV f x : f'" and "FDERIV f x : f'" syntax is only available as input
582 - "DERIV f x : s : f'" and "FDERIV f x : s : f'" syntax removed
584 - Renamed FDERIV_... lemmas to has_derivative_...
586 - renamed deriv (the syntax constant used for "DERIV _ _ :> _") to DERIV
588 - removed DERIV_intros, has_derivative_eq_intros
590 - introduced derivative_intros and deriative_eq_intros which includes now rules for
591 DERIV, has_derivative and has_vector_derivative.
594 differentiable_def ~> real_differentiable_def
595 differentiableE ~> real_differentiableE
596 fderiv_def ~> has_derivative_at
597 field_fderiv_def ~> field_has_derivative_at
598 isDiff_der ~> differentiable_def
599 deriv_fderiv ~> has_field_derivative_def
600 deriv_def ~> DERIV_def
603 * Include more theorems in continuous_intros. Remove the continuous_on_intros,
604 isCont_intros collections, these facts are now in continuous_intros.
606 * Theorems about complex numbers are now stated only using Re and Im, the Complex
607 constructor is not used anymore. It is possible to use primcorec to defined the
608 behaviour of a complex-valued function.
610 Removed theorems about the Complex constructor from the simpset, they are
611 available as the lemma collection legacy_Complex_simps. This especially
613 i_complex_of_real: "ii * complex_of_real r = Complex 0 r".
615 Instead the reverse direction is supported with
616 Complex_eq: "Complex a b = a + \<i> * b"
618 Moved csqrt from Fundamental_Algebra_Theorem to Complex.
622 complex_Re/Im_zero ~> zero_complex.sel
623 complex_Re/Im_add ~> plus_complex.sel
624 complex_Re/Im_minus ~> uminus_complex.sel
625 complex_Re/Im_diff ~> minus_complex.sel
626 complex_Re/Im_one ~> one_complex.sel
627 complex_Re/Im_mult ~> times_complex.sel
628 complex_Re/Im_inverse ~> inverse_complex.sel
629 complex_Re/Im_scaleR ~> scaleR_complex.sel
630 complex_Re/Im_i ~> ii.sel
631 complex_Re/Im_cnj ~> cnj.sel
634 complex_divide_def ~> divide_complex_def
635 complex_norm_def ~> norm_complex_def
636 cmod_def ~> norm_complex_de
648 * Removed solvers remote_cvc3 and remote_z3. Use cvc3 and z3 instead.
651 - Fixed soundness bug whereby mutually recursive datatypes could take
653 - Fixed soundness bug with low-level number functions such as "Abs_Integ" and
655 - Removed "std" option.
656 - Renamed "show_datatypes" to "show_types" and "hide_datatypes" to
659 * HOL-Multivariate_Analysis:
660 - type class ordered_real_vector for ordered vector spaces
661 - changed order of ordered_euclidean_space to be compatible with
662 pointwise ordering on products. Therefore instance of
663 conditionally_complete_lattice and ordered_real_vector.
664 INCOMPATIBILITY: use box instead of greaterThanLessThan or
665 explicit set-comprehensions with eucl_less for other (half-) open
669 derivative_linear ~> has_derivative_bounded_linear
670 derivative_is_linear ~> has_derivative_linear
671 bounded_linear_imp_linear ~> bounded_linear.linear
674 - replaced the Lebesgue integral on real numbers by the more general Bochner
675 integral for functions into a real-normed vector space.
677 integral_zero ~> integral_zero / integrable_zero
678 integral_minus ~> integral_minus / integrable_minus
679 integral_add ~> integral_add / integrable_add
680 integral_diff ~> integral_diff / integrable_diff
681 integral_setsum ~> integral_setsum / integrable_setsum
682 integral_multc ~> integral_mult_left / integrable_mult_left
683 integral_cmult ~> integral_mult_right / integrable_mult_right
684 integral_triangle_inequality~> integral_norm_bound
685 integrable_nonneg ~> integrableI_nonneg
686 integral_positive ~> integral_nonneg_AE
687 integrable_abs_iff ~> integrable_abs_cancel
688 positive_integral_lim_INF ~> positive_integral_liminf
689 lebesgue_real_affine ~> lborel_real_affine
690 borel_integral_has_integral ~> has_integral_lebesgue_integral
691 integral_indicator ~>
692 integral_real_indicator / integrable_real_indicator
693 positive_integral_fst ~> positive_integral_fst'
694 positive_integral_fst_measurable ~> positive_integral_fst
695 positive_integral_snd_measurable ~> positive_integral_snd
697 integrable_fst_measurable ~>
698 integral_fst / integrable_fst / AE_integrable_fst
700 integrable_snd_measurable ~>
701 integral_snd / integrable_snd / AE_integrable_snd
703 integral_monotone_convergence ~>
704 integral_monotone_convergence / integrable_monotone_convergence
706 integral_monotone_convergence_at_top ~>
707 integral_monotone_convergence_at_top /
708 integrable_monotone_convergence_at_top
710 has_integral_iff_positive_integral_lebesgue ~>
711 has_integral_iff_has_bochner_integral_lebesgue_nonneg
713 lebesgue_integral_has_integral ~>
714 has_integral_integrable_lebesgue_nonneg
716 positive_integral_lebesgue_has_integral ~>
717 integral_has_integral_lebesgue_nonneg /
718 integrable_has_integral_lebesgue_nonneg
720 lebesgue_integral_real_affine ~>
721 positive_integral_real_affine
723 has_integral_iff_positive_integral_lborel ~>
724 integral_has_integral_nonneg / integrable_has_integral_nonneg
726 The following theorems where removed:
728 lebesgue_integral_nonneg
729 lebesgue_integral_uminus
730 lebesgue_integral_cmult
731 lebesgue_integral_multc
732 lebesgue_integral_cmult_nonneg
733 integral_cmul_indicator
738 * The signature and semantics of Document.Snapshot.cumulate_markup /
739 select_markup have been clarified. Markup is now traversed in the
740 order of reports given by the prover: later markup is usually more
741 specific and may override results accumulated so far. The elements
742 guard is mandatory and checked precisely. Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY.
747 * Moved ML_Compiler.exn_trace and other operations on exceptions to
748 structure Runtime. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
750 * Discontinued old Toplevel.debug in favour of system option
751 "ML_exception_trace", which may be also declared within the context via
752 "declare [[ML_exception_trace = true]]". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
754 * Renamed configuration option "ML_trace" to "ML_source_trace". Minor
757 * Configuration option "ML_print_depth" controls the pretty-printing
758 depth of the ML compiler within the context. The old print_depth in
759 ML is still available as default_print_depth, but rarely used. Minor
762 * Proper context discipline for read_instantiate and instantiate_tac:
763 variables that are meant to become schematic need to be given as
764 fixed, and are generalized by the explicit context of local variables.
765 This corresponds to Isar attributes "where" and "of" with 'for'
766 declaration. INCOMPATIBILITY, also due to potential change of indices
767 of schematic variables.
769 * Toplevel function "use" refers to raw ML bootstrap environment,
770 without Isar context nor antiquotations. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
771 Note that 'ML_file' is the canonical command to load ML files into the
774 * Proper context for basic Simplifier operations: rewrite_rule,
775 rewrite_goals_rule, rewrite_goals_tac etc. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to
776 pass runtime Proof.context (and ensure that the simplified entity
777 actually belongs to it).
779 * Subtle change of semantics of Thm.eq_thm: theory stamps are not
780 compared (according to Thm.thm_ord), but assumed to be covered by the
781 current background theory. Thus equivalent data produced in different
782 branches of the theory graph usually coincides (e.g. relevant for
783 theory merge). Note that the softer Thm.eq_thm_prop is often more
784 appropriate than Thm.eq_thm.
786 * Simplified programming interface to define ML antiquotations, see
787 structure ML_Antiquotation. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
789 * ML antiquotation @{here} refers to its source position, which is
790 occasionally useful for experimentation and diagnostic purposes.
792 * ML antiquotation @{path} produces a Path.T value, similarly to
793 Path.explode, but with compile-time check against the file-system and
794 some PIDE markup. Note that unlike theory source, ML does not have a
795 well-defined master directory, so an absolute symbolic path
796 specification is usually required, e.g. "~~/src/HOL".
798 * ML antiquotation @{print} inlines a function to print an arbitrary
799 ML value, which is occasionally useful for diagnostic or demonstration
805 * Session ROOT specifications require explicit 'document_files' for
806 robust dependencies on LaTeX sources. Only these explicitly given
807 files are copied to the document output directory, before document
808 processing is started.
810 * Simplified "isabelle display" tool. Settings variables DVI_VIEWER
811 and PDF_VIEWER now refer to the actual programs, not shell
812 command-lines. Discontinued option -c: invocation may be asynchronous
813 via desktop environment, without any special precautions. Potential
814 INCOMPATIBILITY with ambitious private settings.
816 * Improved 'display_drafts' concerning desktop integration and
817 repeated invocation in PIDE front-end: re-use single file
818 $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/tmp/drafts.pdf and corresponding views.
820 * The raw Isabelle process executable has been renamed from
821 "isabelle-process" to "isabelle_process", which conforms to common
822 shell naming conventions, and allows to define a shell function within
823 the Isabelle environment to avoid dynamic path lookup. Rare
824 incompatibility for old tools that do not use the $ISABELLE_PROCESS
825 settings variable yet.
827 * Retired the now unused Isabelle tool "wwwfind". Similar functionality
828 may be integrated into PIDE/jEdit at a later point.
830 New in Isabelle2013-2 (December 2013)
831 -------------------------------------
833 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
835 * More robust editing of running commands with internal forks,
836 e.g. non-terminating 'by' steps.
838 * More relaxed Sledgehammer panel: avoid repeated application of query
839 after edits surrounding the command location.
841 * More status information about commands that are interrupted
842 accidentally (via physical event or Poly/ML runtime system signal,
848 * More robust termination of external processes managed by
849 Isabelle/ML: support cancellation of tasks within the range of
850 milliseconds, as required for PIDE document editing with automatically
851 tried tools (e.g. Sledgehammer).
853 * Reactivated Isabelle/Scala kill command for external processes on
854 Mac OS X, which was accidentally broken in Isabelle2013-1 due to a
855 workaround for some Debian/Ubuntu Linux versions from 2013.
859 New in Isabelle2013-1 (November 2013)
860 -------------------------------------
864 * Discontinued obsolete 'uses' within theory header. Note that
865 commands like 'ML_file' work without separate declaration of file
866 dependencies. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
868 * Discontinued redundant 'use' command, which was superseded by
869 'ML_file' in Isabelle2013. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
871 * Simplified subscripts within identifiers, using plain \<^sub>
872 instead of the second copy \<^isub> and \<^isup>. Superscripts are
873 only for literal tokens within notation; explicit mixfix annotations
874 for consts or fixed variables may be used as fall-back for unusual
875 names. Obsolete \<twosuperior> has been expanded to \<^sup>2 in
876 Isabelle/HOL. INCOMPATIBILITY, use "isabelle update_sub_sup" to
877 standardize symbols as a starting point for further manual cleanup.
878 The ML reference variable "legacy_isub_isup" may be set as temporary
879 workaround, to make the prover accept a subset of the old identifier
882 * Document antiquotations: term style "isub" has been renamed to
883 "sub". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
885 * Uniform management of "quick_and_dirty" as system option (see also
886 "isabelle options"), configuration option within the context (see also
887 Config.get in Isabelle/ML), and attribute in Isabelle/Isar. Minor
888 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use more official Isabelle means to access
889 quick_and_dirty, instead of historical poking into mutable reference.
891 * Renamed command 'print_configs' to 'print_options'. Minor
894 * Proper diagnostic command 'print_state'. Old 'pr' (with its
895 implicit change of some global references) is retained for now as
896 control command, e.g. for ProofGeneral 3.7.x.
898 * Discontinued 'print_drafts' command with its old-fashioned PS output
899 and Unix command-line print spooling. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: use
900 'display_drafts' instead and print via the regular document viewer.
902 * Updated and extended "isar-ref" and "implementation" manual,
903 eliminated old "ref" manual.
906 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
908 * New manual "jedit" for Isabelle/jEdit, see isabelle doc or
911 * Dockable window "Documentation" provides access to Isabelle
914 * Dockable window "Find" provides query operations for formal entities
915 (GUI front-end to 'find_theorems' command).
917 * Dockable window "Sledgehammer" manages asynchronous / parallel
918 sledgehammer runs over existing document sources, independently of
919 normal editing and checking process.
921 * Dockable window "Timing" provides an overview of relevant command
922 timing information, depending on option jedit_timing_threshold. The
923 same timing information is shown in the extended tooltip of the
924 command keyword, when hovering the mouse over it while the CONTROL or
925 COMMAND modifier is pressed.
927 * Improved dockable window "Theories": Continuous checking of proof
928 document (visible and required parts) may be controlled explicitly,
929 using check box or shortcut "C+e ENTER". Individual theory nodes may
930 be marked explicitly as required and checked in full, using check box
931 or shortcut "C+e SPACE".
933 * Improved completion mechanism, which is now managed by the
934 Isabelle/jEdit plugin instead of SideKick. Refined table of Isabelle
935 symbol abbreviations (see $ISABELLE_HOME/etc/symbols).
937 * Standard jEdit keyboard shortcut C+b complete-word is remapped to
938 isabelle.complete for explicit completion in Isabelle sources.
939 INCOMPATIBILITY wrt. jEdit defaults, may have to invent new shortcuts
942 * Improved support of various "minor modes" for Isabelle NEWS,
943 options, session ROOT etc., with completion and SideKick tree view.
945 * Strictly monotonic document update, without premature cancellation of
946 running transactions that are still needed: avoid reset/restart of
947 such command executions while editing.
949 * Support for asynchronous print functions, as overlay to existing
952 * Support for automatic tools in HOL, which try to prove or disprove
953 toplevel theorem statements.
955 * Action isabelle.reset-font-size resets main text area font size
956 according to Isabelle/Scala plugin option "jedit_font_reset_size" (see
957 also "Plugin Options / Isabelle / General"). It can be bound to some
958 keyboard shortcut by the user (e.g. C+0 and/or C+NUMPAD0).
960 * File specifications in jEdit (e.g. file browser) may refer to
961 $ISABELLE_HOME and $ISABELLE_HOME_USER on all platforms. Discontinued
962 obsolete $ISABELLE_HOME_WINDOWS variable.
964 * Improved support for Linux look-and-feel "GTK+", see also "Utilities
965 / Global Options / Appearance".
967 * Improved support of native Mac OS X functionality via "MacOSX"
968 plugin, which is now enabled by default.
973 * Commands 'interpretation' and 'sublocale' are now target-sensitive.
974 In particular, 'interpretation' allows for non-persistent
975 interpretation within "context ... begin ... end" blocks offering a
976 light-weight alternative to 'sublocale'. See "isar-ref" manual for
979 * Improved locales diagnostic command 'print_dependencies'.
981 * Discontinued obsolete 'axioms' command, which has been marked as
982 legacy since Isabelle2009-2. INCOMPATIBILITY, use 'axiomatization'
983 instead, while observing its uniform scope for polymorphism.
985 * Discontinued empty name bindings in 'axiomatization'.
988 * System option "proofs" has been discontinued. Instead the global
989 state of Proofterm.proofs is persistently compiled into logic images
990 as required, notably HOL-Proofs. Users no longer need to change
991 Proofterm.proofs dynamically. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
993 * Syntax translation functions (print_translation etc.) always depend
994 on Proof.context. Discontinued former "(advanced)" option -- this is
995 now the default. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
997 * Former global reference trace_unify_fail is now available as
998 configuration option "unify_trace_failure" (global context only).
1000 * SELECT_GOAL now retains the syntactic context of the overall goal
1001 state (schematic variables etc.). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in rare
1007 * Stronger precedence of syntax for big intersection and union on
1008 sets, in accordance with corresponding lattice operations.
1011 * Notation "{p:A. P}" now allows tuple patterns as well.
1013 * Nested case expressions are now translated in a separate check phase
1014 rather than during parsing. The data for case combinators is separated
1015 from the datatype package. The declaration attribute
1016 "case_translation" can be used to register new case combinators:
1018 declare [[case_translation case_combinator constructor1 ... constructorN]]
1021 - 'code_printing' unifies 'code_const' / 'code_type' / 'code_class' /
1023 - 'code_identifier' declares name hints for arbitrary identifiers in
1024 generated code, subsuming 'code_modulename'.
1026 See the isar-ref manual for syntax diagrams, and the HOL theories for
1029 * Attibute 'code': 'code' now declares concrete and abstract code
1030 equations uniformly. Use explicit 'code equation' and 'code abstract'
1031 to distinguish both when desired.
1033 * Discontinued theories Code_Integer and Efficient_Nat by a more
1034 fine-grain stack of theories Code_Target_Int, Code_Binary_Nat,
1035 Code_Target_Nat and Code_Target_Numeral. See the tutorial on code
1036 generation for details. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1038 * Numeric types are mapped by default to target language numerals:
1039 natural (replaces former code_numeral) and integer (replaces former
1040 code_int). Conversions are available as integer_of_natural /
1041 natural_of_integer / integer_of_nat / nat_of_integer (in HOL) and
1042 Code_Numeral.integer_of_natural / Code_Numeral.natural_of_integer (in
1043 ML). INCOMPATIBILITY.
1045 * Function package: For mutually recursive functions f and g, separate
1046 cases rules f.cases and g.cases are generated instead of unusable
1047 f_g.cases which exposed internal sum types. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY,
1048 in the case that the unusable rule was used nevertheless.
1050 * Function package: For each function f, new rules f.elims are
1051 generated, which eliminate equalities of the form "f x = t".
1053 * New command 'fun_cases' derives ad-hoc elimination rules for
1054 function equations as simplified instances of f.elims, analogous to
1055 inductive_cases. See ~~/src/HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy for some examples.
1058 - parametrized correspondence relations are now supported:
1059 + parametricity theorems for the raw term can be specified in
1060 the command lift_definition, which allow us to generate stronger
1062 + setup_lifting generates stronger transfer rules if parametric
1063 correspondence relation can be generated
1064 + various new properties of the relator must be specified to support
1066 + parametricity theorem for the Quotient relation can be specified
1067 - setup_lifting generates domain rules for the Transfer package
1068 - stronger reflexivity prover of respectfulness theorems for type
1070 - ===> and --> are now local. The symbols can be introduced
1071 by interpreting the locale lifting_syntax (typically in an
1073 - Lifting/Transfer relevant parts of Library/Quotient_* are now in
1074 Main. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
1075 - new commands for restoring and deleting Lifting/Transfer context:
1076 lifting_forget, lifting_update
1077 - the command print_quotmaps was renamed to print_quot_maps.
1081 - better support for domains in Transfer: replace Domainp T
1082 by the actual invariant in a transferred goal
1083 - transfer rules can have as assumptions other transfer rules
1084 - Experimental support for transferring from the raw level to the
1085 abstract level: Transfer.transferred attribute
1086 - Attribute version of the transfer method: untransferred attribute
1088 * Reification and reflection:
1089 - Reification is now directly available in HOL-Main in structure
1091 - Reflection now handles multiple lists with variables also.
1092 - The whole reflection stack has been decomposed into conversions.
1095 * Revised devices for recursive definitions over finite sets:
1096 - Only one fundamental fold combinator on finite set remains:
1097 Finite_Set.fold :: ('a => 'b => 'b) => 'b => 'a set => 'b
1098 This is now identity on infinite sets.
1099 - Locales ("mini packages") for fundamental definitions with
1100 Finite_Set.fold: folding, folding_idem.
1101 - Locales comm_monoid_set, semilattice_order_set and
1102 semilattice_neutr_order_set for big operators on sets.
1103 See theory Big_Operators for canonical examples.
1104 Note that foundational constants comm_monoid_set.F and
1105 semilattice_set.F correspond to former combinators fold_image
1106 and fold1 respectively. These are now gone. You may use
1107 those foundational constants as substitutes, but it is
1108 preferable to interpret the above locales accordingly.
1109 - Dropped class ab_semigroup_idem_mult (special case of lattice,
1110 no longer needed in connection with Finite_Set.fold etc.)
1112 card.union_inter ~> card_Un_Int [symmetric]
1113 card.union_disjoint ~> card_Un_disjoint
1116 * Locale hierarchy for abstract orderings and (semi)lattices.
1118 * Complete_Partial_Order.admissible is defined outside the type class
1119 ccpo, but with mandatory prefix ccpo. Admissibility theorems lose the
1120 class predicate assumption or sort constraint when possible.
1123 * Introduce type class "conditionally_complete_lattice": Like a
1124 complete lattice but does not assume the existence of the top and
1125 bottom elements. Allows to generalize some lemmas about reals and
1126 extended reals. Removed SupInf and replaced it by the instantiation
1127 of conditionally_complete_lattice for real. Renamed lemmas about
1128 conditionally-complete lattice from Sup_... to cSup_... and from
1129 Inf_... to cInf_... to avoid hidding of similar complete lattice
1132 * Introduce type class linear_continuum as combination of
1133 conditionally-complete lattices and inner dense linorders which have
1134 more than one element. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1136 * Introduced type classes order_top and order_bot. The old classes top
1137 and bot only contain the syntax without assumptions. INCOMPATIBILITY:
1138 Rename bot -> order_bot, top -> order_top
1140 * Introduce type classes "no_top" and "no_bot" for orderings without
1141 top and bottom elements.
1143 * Split dense_linorder into inner_dense_order and no_top, no_bot.
1145 * Complex_Main: Unify and move various concepts from
1146 HOL-Multivariate_Analysis to HOL-Complex_Main.
1148 - Introduce type class (lin)order_topology and
1149 linear_continuum_topology. Allows to generalize theorems about
1150 limits and order. Instances are reals and extended reals.
1152 - continuous and continuos_on from Multivariate_Analysis:
1153 "continuous" is the continuity of a function at a filter. "isCont"
1154 is now an abbrevitation: "isCont x f == continuous (at _) f".
1156 Generalized continuity lemmas from isCont to continuous on an
1159 - compact from Multivariate_Analysis. Use Bolzano's lemma to prove
1160 compactness of closed intervals on reals. Continuous functions
1161 attain infimum and supremum on compact sets. The inverse of a
1162 continuous function is continuous, when the function is continuous
1165 - connected from Multivariate_Analysis. Use it to prove the
1166 intermediate value theorem. Show connectedness of intervals on
1167 linear_continuum_topology).
1169 - first_countable_topology from Multivariate_Analysis. Is used to
1170 show equivalence of properties on the neighbourhood filter of x and
1171 on all sequences converging to x.
1173 - FDERIV: Definition of has_derivative moved to Deriv.thy. Moved
1174 theorems from Library/FDERIV.thy to Deriv.thy and base the
1175 definition of DERIV on FDERIV. Add variants of DERIV and FDERIV
1176 which are restricted to sets, i.e. to represent derivatives from
1179 - Removed the within-filter. It is replaced by the principal filter:
1181 F within X = inf F (principal X)
1183 - Introduce "at x within U" as a single constant, "at x" is now an
1184 abbreviation for "at x within UNIV"
1186 - Introduce named theorem collections tendsto_intros,
1187 continuous_intros, continuous_on_intros and FDERIV_intros. Theorems
1188 in tendsto_intros (or FDERIV_intros) are also available as
1189 tendsto_eq_intros (or FDERIV_eq_intros) where the right-hand side
1190 is replaced by a congruence rule. This allows to apply them as
1191 intro rules and then proving equivalence by the simplifier.
1193 - Restructured theories in HOL-Complex_Main:
1195 + Moved RealDef and RComplete into Real
1197 + Introduced Topological_Spaces and moved theorems about
1198 topological spaces, filters, limits and continuity to it
1200 + Renamed RealVector to Real_Vector_Spaces
1202 + Split Lim, SEQ, Series into Topological_Spaces,
1203 Real_Vector_Spaces, and Limits
1205 + Moved Ln and Log to Transcendental
1207 + Moved theorems about continuity from Deriv to Topological_Spaces
1209 - Remove various auxiliary lemmas.
1214 - Added option "spy".
1215 - Reduce incidence of "too high arity" errors.
1219 isar_shrink ~> isar_compress
1221 - Added options "isar_try0", "spy".
1222 - Better support for "isar_proofs".
1223 - MaSh has been fined-tuned and now runs as a local server.
1225 * Improved support for ad hoc overloading of constants (see also
1226 isar-ref manual and ~~/src/HOL/ex/Adhoc_Overloading_Examples.thy).
1228 * Library/Polynomial.thy:
1229 - Use lifting for primitive definitions.
1230 - Explicit conversions from and to lists of coefficients, used for
1232 - Replaced recursion operator poly_rec by fold_coeffs.
1233 - Prefer pre-existing gcd operation for gcd.
1235 poly_eq_iff ~> poly_eq_poly_eq_iff
1236 poly_ext ~> poly_eqI
1237 expand_poly_eq ~> poly_eq_iff
1240 * New Library/Simps_Case_Conv.thy: Provides commands simps_of_case and
1241 case_of_simps to convert function definitions between a list of
1242 equations with patterns on the lhs and a single equation with case
1243 expressions on the rhs. See also Ex/Simps_Case_Conv_Examples.thy.
1245 * New Library/FSet.thy: type of finite sets defined as a subtype of
1246 sets defined by Lifting/Transfer.
1248 * Discontinued theory src/HOL/Library/Eval_Witness. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1250 * Consolidation of library theories on product orders:
1252 Product_Lattice ~> Product_Order -- pointwise order on products
1253 Product_ord ~> Product_Lexorder -- lexicographic order on products
1257 * Imperative-HOL: The MREC combinator is considered legacy and no
1258 longer included by default. INCOMPATIBILITY, use partial_function
1259 instead, or import theory Legacy_Mrec as a fallback.
1261 * HOL-Algebra: Discontinued theories ~~/src/HOL/Algebra/abstract and
1262 ~~/src/HOL/Algebra/poly. Existing theories should be based on
1263 ~~/src/HOL/Library/Polynomial instead. The latter provides
1264 integration with HOL's type classes for rings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1267 - Various improvements to BNF-based (co)datatype package, including
1268 new commands "primrec_new", "primcorec", and
1269 "datatype_new_compat", as well as documentation. See
1270 "datatypes.pdf" for details.
1271 - New "coinduction" method to avoid some boilerplate (compared to
1274 data ~> datatype_new
1275 codata ~> codatatype
1277 - Renamed many generated theorems, including
1279 map_comp' ~> map_comp
1289 * Spec_Check is a Quickcheck tool for Isabelle/ML. The ML function
1290 "check_property" allows to check specifications of the form "ALL x y
1291 z. prop x y z". See also ~~/src/Tools/Spec_Check/ with its
1292 Examples.thy in particular.
1294 * Improved printing of exception trace in Poly/ML 5.5.1, with regular
1295 tracing output in the command transaction context instead of physical
1296 stdout. See also Toplevel.debug, Toplevel.debugging and
1297 ML_Compiler.exn_trace.
1299 * ML type "theory" is now immutable, without any special treatment of
1300 drafts or linear updates (which could lead to "stale theory" errors in
1301 the past). Discontinued obsolete operations like Theory.copy,
1302 Theory.checkpoint, and the auxiliary type theory_ref. Minor
1305 * More uniform naming of goal functions for skipped proofs:
1307 Skip_Proof.prove ~> Goal.prove_sorry
1308 Skip_Proof.prove_global ~> Goal.prove_sorry_global
1310 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1312 * Simplifier tactics and tools use proper Proof.context instead of
1313 historic type simpset. Old-style declarations like addsimps,
1314 addsimprocs etc. operate directly on Proof.context. Raw type simpset
1315 retains its use as snapshot of the main Simplifier context, using
1316 simpset_of and put_simpset on Proof.context. INCOMPATIBILITY -- port
1317 old tools by making them depend on (ctxt : Proof.context) instead of
1318 (ss : simpset), then turn (simpset_of ctxt) into ctxt.
1320 * Modifiers for classical wrappers (e.g. addWrapper, delWrapper)
1321 operate on Proof.context instead of claset, for uniformity with addIs,
1322 addEs, addDs etc. Note that claset_of and put_claset allow to manage
1323 clasets separately from the context.
1325 * Discontinued obsolete ML antiquotations @{claset} and @{simpset}.
1326 INCOMPATIBILITY, use @{context} instead.
1328 * Antiquotation @{theory_context A} is similar to @{theory A}, but
1329 presents the result as initial Proof.context.
1334 * Discontinued obsolete isabelle usedir, mkdir, make -- superseded by
1335 "isabelle build" in Isabelle2013. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1337 * Discontinued obsolete isabelle-process options -f and -u (former
1338 administrative aliases of option -e). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1340 * Discontinued obsolete isabelle print tool, and PRINT_COMMAND
1343 * Discontinued ISABELLE_DOC_FORMAT settings variable and historic
1344 document formats: dvi.gz, ps, ps.gz -- the default document format is
1347 * Isabelle settings variable ISABELLE_BUILD_JAVA_OPTIONS allows to
1348 specify global resources of the JVM process run by isabelle build.
1350 * Toplevel executable $ISABELLE_HOME/bin/isabelle_scala_script allows
1351 to run Isabelle/Scala source files as standalone programs.
1353 * Improved "isabelle keywords" tool (for old-style ProofGeneral
1354 keyword tables): use Isabelle/Scala operations, which inspect outer
1355 syntax without requiring to build sessions first.
1357 * Sessions may be organized via 'chapter' specifications in the ROOT
1358 file, which determines a two-level hierarchy of browser info. The old
1359 tree-like organization via implicit sub-session relation (with its
1360 tendency towards erratic fluctuation of URLs) has been discontinued.
1361 The default chapter is called "Unsorted". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
1362 for HTML presentation of theories.
1366 New in Isabelle2013 (February 2013)
1367 -----------------------------------
1371 * Theorem status about oracles and unfinished/failed future proofs is
1372 no longer printed by default, since it is incompatible with
1373 incremental / parallel checking of the persistent document model. ML
1374 function Thm.peek_status may be used to inspect a snapshot of the
1375 ongoing evaluation process. Note that in batch mode --- notably
1376 isabelle build --- the system ensures that future proofs of all
1377 accessible theorems in the theory context are finished (as before).
1379 * Configuration option show_markup controls direct inlining of markup
1380 into the printed representation of formal entities --- notably type
1381 and sort constraints. This enables Prover IDE users to retrieve that
1382 information via tooltips in the output window, for example.
1384 * Command 'ML_file' evaluates ML text from a file directly within the
1385 theory, without any predeclaration via 'uses' in the theory header.
1387 * Old command 'use' command and corresponding keyword 'uses' in the
1388 theory header are legacy features and will be discontinued soon.
1389 Tools that load their additional source files may imitate the
1390 'ML_file' implementation, such that the system can take care of
1391 dependencies properly.
1393 * Discontinued obsolete method fastsimp / tactic fast_simp_tac, which
1394 is called fastforce / fast_force_tac already since Isabelle2011-1.
1396 * Updated and extended "isar-ref" and "implementation" manual, reduced
1397 remaining material in old "ref" manual.
1399 * Improved support for auxiliary contexts that indicate block structure
1400 for specifications. Nesting of "context fixes ... context assumes ..."
1401 and "class ... context ...".
1403 * Attribute "consumes" allows a negative value as well, which is
1404 interpreted relatively to the total number of premises of the rule in
1405 the target context. This form of declaration is stable when exported
1406 from a nested 'context' with additional assumptions. It is the
1407 preferred form for definitional packages, notably cases/rules produced
1408 in HOL/inductive and HOL/function.
1410 * More informative error messages for Isar proof commands involving
1411 lazy enumerations (method applications etc.).
1413 * Refined 'help' command to retrieve outer syntax commands according
1414 to name patterns (with clickable results).
1417 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
1419 * Parallel terminal proofs ('by') are enabled by default, likewise
1420 proofs that are built into packages like 'datatype', 'function'. This
1421 allows to "run ahead" checking the theory specifications on the
1422 surface, while the prover is still crunching on internal
1423 justifications. Unfinished / cancelled proofs are restarted as
1424 required to complete full proof checking eventually.
1426 * Improved output panel with tooltips, hyperlinks etc. based on the
1427 same Rich_Text_Area as regular Isabelle/jEdit buffers. Activation of
1428 tooltips leads to some window that supports the same recursively,
1429 which can lead to stacks of tooltips as the semantic document content
1430 is explored. ESCAPE closes the whole stack, individual windows may be
1431 closed separately, or detached to become independent jEdit dockables.
1433 * Improved support for commands that produce graph output: the text
1434 message contains a clickable area to open a new instance of the graph
1437 * More robust incremental parsing of outer syntax (partial comments,
1438 malformed symbols). Changing the balance of open/close quotes and
1439 comment delimiters works more conveniently with unfinished situations
1440 that frequently occur in user interaction.
1442 * More efficient painting and improved reactivity when editing large
1443 files. More scalable management of formal document content.
1445 * Smarter handling of tracing messages: prover process pauses after
1446 certain number of messages per command transaction, with some user
1447 dialog to stop or continue. This avoids swamping the front-end with
1448 potentially infinite message streams.
1450 * More plugin options and preferences, based on Isabelle/Scala. The
1451 jEdit plugin option panel provides access to some Isabelle/Scala
1452 options, including tuning parameters for editor reactivity and color
1455 * Dockable window "Symbols" provides some editing support for Isabelle
1458 * Dockable window "Monitor" shows ML runtime statistics. Note that
1459 continuous display of the chart slows down the system.
1461 * Improved editing support for control styles: subscript, superscript,
1462 bold, reset of style -- operating on single symbols or text
1463 selections. Cf. keyboard shortcuts C+e DOWN/UP/RIGHT/LEFT.
1465 * Actions isabelle.increase-font-size and isabelle.decrease-font-size
1466 adjust the main text area font size, and its derivatives for output,
1467 tooltips etc. Cf. keyboard shortcuts C-PLUS and C-MINUS, which often
1468 need to be adapted to local keyboard layouts.
1470 * More reactive completion popup by default: use \t (TAB) instead of
1471 \n (NEWLINE) to minimize intrusion into regular flow of editing. See
1472 also "Plugin Options / SideKick / General / Code Completion Options".
1474 * Implicit check and build dialog of the specified logic session
1475 image. For example, HOL, HOLCF, HOL-Nominal can be produced on
1476 demand, without bundling big platform-dependent heap images in the
1477 Isabelle distribution.
1479 * Uniform Java 7 platform on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows: recent updates
1480 from Oracle provide better multi-platform experience. This version is
1481 now bundled exclusively with Isabelle.
1486 * Code generation for Haskell: restrict unqualified imports from
1487 Haskell Prelude to a small set of fundamental operations.
1489 * Command 'export_code': relative file names are interpreted
1490 relatively to master directory of current theory rather than the
1491 rather arbitrary current working directory. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1493 * Discontinued obsolete attribute "COMP". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY,
1494 use regular rule composition via "OF" / "THEN", or explicit proof
1495 structure instead. Note that Isabelle/ML provides a variety of
1496 operators like COMP, INCR_COMP, COMP_INCR, which need to be applied
1497 with some care where this is really required.
1499 * Command 'typ' supports an additional variant with explicit sort
1500 constraint, to infer and check the most general type conforming to a
1501 given sort. Example (in HOL):
1503 typ "_ * _ * bool * unit" :: finite
1505 * Command 'locale_deps' visualizes all locales and their relations as
1513 - Added MaSh relevance filter based on machine-learning; see the
1514 Sledgehammer manual for details.
1515 - Polished Isar proofs generated with "isar_proofs" option.
1516 - Rationalized type encodings ("type_enc" option).
1517 - Renamed "kill_provers" subcommand to "kill_all".
1519 isar_proof ~> isar_proofs
1520 isar_shrink_factor ~> isar_shrink
1521 max_relevant ~> max_facts
1522 relevance_thresholds ~> fact_thresholds
1524 * Quickcheck: added an optimisation for equality premises. It is
1525 switched on by default, and can be switched off by setting the
1526 configuration quickcheck_optimise_equality to false.
1528 * Quotient: only one quotient can be defined by quotient_type
1532 - generation of an abstraction function equation in lift_definition
1533 - quot_del attribute
1534 - renamed no_abs_code -> no_code (INCOMPATIBILITY.)
1536 * Simproc "finite_Collect" rewrites set comprehensions into pointfree
1539 * Preprocessing of the code generator rewrites set comprehensions into
1540 pointfree expressions.
1542 * The SMT solver Z3 has now by default a restricted set of directly
1543 supported features. For the full set of features (div/mod, nonlinear
1544 arithmetic, datatypes/records) with potential proof reconstruction
1545 failures, enable the configuration option "z3_with_extensions". Minor
1548 * Simplified 'typedef' specifications: historical options for implicit
1549 set definition and alternative name have been discontinued. The
1550 former behavior of "typedef (open) t = A" is now the default, but
1551 written just "typedef t = A". INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt theories
1554 * Removed constant "chars"; prefer "Enum.enum" on type "char"
1555 directly. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1557 * Moved operation product, sublists and n_lists from theory Enum to
1558 List. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1560 * Theorem UN_o generalized to SUP_comp. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1562 * Class "comm_monoid_diff" formalises properties of bounded
1563 subtraction, with natural numbers and multisets as typical instances.
1565 * Added combinator "Option.these" with type "'a option set => 'a set".
1567 * Theory "Transitive_Closure": renamed lemmas
1569 reflcl_tranclp -> reflclp_tranclp
1570 rtranclp_reflcl -> rtranclp_reflclp
1574 * Theory "Rings": renamed lemmas (in class semiring)
1576 left_distrib ~> distrib_right
1577 right_distrib ~> distrib_left
1581 * Generalized the definition of limits:
1583 - Introduced the predicate filterlim (LIM x F. f x :> G) which
1584 expresses that when the input values x converge to F then the
1585 output f x converges to G.
1587 - Added filters for convergence to positive (at_top) and negative
1590 - Moved infinity in the norm (at_infinity) from
1591 Multivariate_Analysis to Complex_Main.
1593 - Removed real_tendsto_inf, it is superseded by "LIM x F. f x :>
1598 * Theory "Library/Option_ord" provides instantiation of option type to
1599 lattice type classes.
1601 * Theory "Library/Multiset": renamed
1603 constant fold_mset ~> Multiset.fold
1604 fact fold_mset_commute ~> fold_mset_comm
1608 * Renamed theory Library/List_Prefix to Library/Sublist, with related
1611 - Renamed constants (and related lemmas)
1614 strict_prefix ~> prefix
1616 - Replaced constant "postfix" by "suffixeq" with swapped argument
1617 order (i.e., "postfix xs ys" is now "suffixeq ys xs") and dropped
1618 old infix syntax "xs >>= ys"; use "suffixeq ys xs" instead.
1619 Renamed lemmas accordingly.
1621 - Added constant "list_hembeq" for homeomorphic embedding on
1622 lists. Added abbreviation "sublisteq" for special case
1623 "list_hembeq (op =)".
1625 - Theory Library/Sublist no longer provides "order" and "bot" type
1626 class instances for the prefix order (merely corresponding locale
1627 interpretations). The type class instances are now in theory
1628 Library/Prefix_Order.
1630 - The sublist relation of theory Library/Sublist_Order is now based
1631 on "Sublist.sublisteq". Renamed lemmas accordingly:
1633 le_list_append_le_same_iff ~> Sublist.sublisteq_append_le_same_iff
1634 le_list_append_mono ~> Sublist.list_hembeq_append_mono
1635 le_list_below_empty ~> Sublist.list_hembeq_Nil, Sublist.list_hembeq_Nil2
1636 le_list_Cons_EX ~> Sublist.list_hembeq_ConsD
1637 le_list_drop_Cons2 ~> Sublist.sublisteq_Cons2'
1638 le_list_drop_Cons_neq ~> Sublist.sublisteq_Cons2_neq
1639 le_list_drop_Cons ~> Sublist.sublisteq_Cons'
1640 le_list_drop_many ~> Sublist.sublisteq_drop_many
1641 le_list_filter_left ~> Sublist.sublisteq_filter_left
1642 le_list_rev_drop_many ~> Sublist.sublisteq_rev_drop_many
1643 le_list_rev_take_iff ~> Sublist.sublisteq_append
1644 le_list_same_length ~> Sublist.sublisteq_same_length
1645 le_list_take_many_iff ~> Sublist.sublisteq_append'
1646 less_eq_list.drop ~> less_eq_list_drop
1647 less_eq_list.induct ~> less_eq_list_induct
1648 not_le_list_length ~> Sublist.not_sublisteq_length
1652 * New theory Library/Countable_Set.
1654 * Theory Library/Debug and Library/Parallel provide debugging and
1655 parallel execution for code generated towards Isabelle/ML.
1657 * Theory Library/FuncSet: Extended support for Pi and extensional and
1658 introduce the extensional dependent function space "PiE". Replaced
1659 extensional_funcset by an abbreviation, and renamed lemmas from
1660 extensional_funcset to PiE as follows:
1662 extensional_empty ~> PiE_empty
1663 extensional_funcset_empty_domain ~> PiE_empty_domain
1664 extensional_funcset_empty_range ~> PiE_empty_range
1665 extensional_funcset_arb ~> PiE_arb
1666 extensional_funcset_mem ~> PiE_mem
1667 extensional_funcset_extend_domainI ~> PiE_fun_upd
1668 extensional_funcset_restrict_domain ~> fun_upd_in_PiE
1669 extensional_funcset_extend_domain_eq ~> PiE_insert_eq
1670 card_extensional_funcset ~> card_PiE
1671 finite_extensional_funcset ~> finite_PiE
1675 * Theory Library/FinFun: theory of almost everywhere constant
1676 functions (supersedes the AFP entry "Code Generation for Functions as
1679 * Theory Library/Phantom: generic phantom type to make a type
1680 parameter appear in a constant's type. This alternative to adding
1681 TYPE('a) as another parameter avoids unnecessary closures in generated
1684 * Theory Library/RBT_Impl: efficient construction of red-black trees
1685 from sorted associative lists. Merging two trees with rbt_union may
1686 return a structurally different tree than before. Potential
1689 * Theory Library/IArray: immutable arrays with code generation.
1691 * Theory Library/Finite_Lattice: theory of finite lattices.
1693 * HOL/Multivariate_Analysis: replaced
1695 "basis :: 'a::euclidean_space => nat => real"
1696 "\<Chi>\<Chi> :: (nat => real) => 'a::euclidean_space"
1698 on euclidean spaces by using the inner product "_ \<bullet> _" with
1699 vectors from the Basis set: "\<Chi>\<Chi> i. f i" is superseded by
1700 "SUM i : Basis. f i * r i".
1702 With this change the following constants are also changed or removed:
1704 DIM('a) :: nat ~> card (Basis :: 'a set) (is an abbreviation)
1705 a $$ i ~> inner a i (where i : Basis)
1707 \<pi>, \<pi>' removed
1709 Theorems about these constants where removed.
1713 component_le_norm ~> Basis_le_norm
1714 euclidean_eq ~> euclidean_eq_iff
1715 differential_zero_maxmin_component ~> differential_zero_maxmin_cart
1716 euclidean_simps ~> inner_simps
1717 independent_basis ~> independent_Basis
1718 span_basis ~> span_Basis
1719 in_span_basis ~> in_span_Basis
1720 norm_bound_component_le ~> norm_boound_Basis_le
1721 norm_bound_component_lt ~> norm_boound_Basis_lt
1722 component_le_infnorm ~> Basis_le_infnorm
1728 - Added simproc "measurable" to automatically prove measurability.
1730 - Added induction rules for sigma sets with disjoint union
1731 (sigma_sets_induct_disjoint) and for Borel-measurable functions
1732 (borel_measurable_induct).
1734 - Added the Daniell-Kolmogorov theorem (the existence the limit of a
1737 * HOL/Cardinals: Theories of ordinals and cardinals (supersedes the
1738 AFP entry "Ordinals_and_Cardinals").
1740 * HOL/BNF: New (co)datatype package based on bounded natural functors
1741 with support for mixed, nested recursion and interesting non-free
1744 * HOL/Finite_Set and Relation: added new set and relation operations
1745 expressed by Finite_Set.fold.
1747 * New theory HOL/Library/RBT_Set: implementation of sets by red-black
1748 trees for the code generator.
1750 * HOL/Library/RBT and HOL/Library/Mapping have been converted to
1752 possible INCOMPATIBILITY.
1754 * HOL/Set: renamed Set.project -> Set.filter
1758 *** Document preparation ***
1760 * Dropped legacy antiquotations "term_style" and "thm_style", since
1761 styles may be given as arguments to "term" and "thm" already.
1762 Discontinued legacy styles "prem1" .. "prem19".
1764 * Default LaTeX rendering for \<euro> is now based on eurosym package,
1765 instead of slightly exotic babel/greek.
1767 * Document variant NAME may use different LaTeX entry point
1768 document/root_NAME.tex if that file exists, instead of the common
1771 * Simplified custom document/build script, instead of old-style
1772 document/IsaMakefile. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1777 * The default limit for maximum number of worker threads is now 8,
1778 instead of 4, in correspondence to capabilities of contemporary
1779 hardware and Poly/ML runtime system.
1781 * Type Seq.results and related operations support embedded error
1782 messages within lazy enumerations, and thus allow to provide
1783 informative errors in the absence of any usable results.
1785 * Renamed Position.str_of to Position.here to emphasize that this is a
1786 formal device to inline positions into message text, but not
1787 necessarily printing visible text.
1792 * Advanced support for Isabelle sessions and build management, see
1793 "system" manual for the chapter of that name, especially the "isabelle
1794 build" tool and its examples. The "isabelle mkroot" tool prepares
1795 session root directories for use with "isabelle build", similar to
1796 former "isabelle mkdir" for "isabelle usedir". Note that this affects
1797 document preparation as well. INCOMPATIBILITY, isabelle usedir /
1798 mkdir / make are rendered obsolete.
1800 * Discontinued obsolete Isabelle/build script, it is superseded by the
1801 regular isabelle build tool. For example:
1803 isabelle build -s -b HOL
1805 * Discontinued obsolete "isabelle makeall".
1807 * Discontinued obsolete IsaMakefile and ROOT.ML files from the
1808 Isabelle distribution, except for rudimentary src/HOL/IsaMakefile that
1809 provides some traditional targets that invoke "isabelle build". Note
1810 that this is inefficient! Applications of Isabelle/HOL involving
1811 "isabelle make" should be upgraded to use "isabelle build" directly.
1813 * The "isabelle options" tool prints Isabelle system options, as
1814 required for "isabelle build", for example.
1816 * The "isabelle logo" tool produces EPS and PDF format simultaneously.
1817 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY in command-line options.
1819 * The "isabelle install" tool has now a simpler command-line. Minor
1822 * The "isabelle components" tool helps to resolve add-on components
1823 that are not bundled, or referenced from a bare-bones repository
1824 version of Isabelle.
1826 * Settings variable ISABELLE_PLATFORM_FAMILY refers to the general
1827 platform family: "linux", "macos", "windows".
1829 * The ML system is configured as regular component, and no longer
1830 picked up from some surrounding directory. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
1831 for home-made settings.
1833 * Improved ML runtime statistics (heap, threads, future tasks etc.).
1835 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.2.1, which was the last version
1836 without exception positions and advanced ML compiler/toplevel
1839 * Discontinued special treatment of Proof General -- no longer guess
1840 PROOFGENERAL_HOME based on accidental file-system layout. Minor
1841 INCOMPATIBILITY: provide PROOFGENERAL_HOME and PROOFGENERAL_OPTIONS
1842 settings manually, or use a Proof General version that has been
1843 bundled as Isabelle component.
1847 New in Isabelle2012 (May 2012)
1848 ------------------------------
1852 * Prover IDE (PIDE) improvements:
1854 - more robust Sledgehammer integration (as before the sledgehammer
1855 command-line needs to be typed into the source buffer)
1856 - markup for bound variables
1857 - markup for types of term variables (displayed as tooltips)
1858 - support for user-defined Isar commands within the running session
1859 - improved support for Unicode outside original 16bit range
1860 e.g. glyph for \<A> (thanks to jEdit 4.5.1)
1862 * Forward declaration of outer syntax keywords within the theory
1863 header -- minor INCOMPATIBILITY for user-defined commands. Allow new
1864 commands to be used in the same theory where defined.
1866 * Auxiliary contexts indicate block structure for specifications with
1867 additional parameters and assumptions. Such unnamed contexts may be
1868 nested within other targets, like 'theory', 'locale', 'class',
1869 'instantiation' etc. Results from the local context are generalized
1870 accordingly and applied to the enclosing target context. Example:
1874 assumes xy: "x = y" and yz: "y = z"
1877 lemma my_trans: "x = z" using xy yz by simp
1883 The most basic application is to factor-out context elements of
1884 several fixes/assumes/shows theorem statements, e.g. see
1885 ~~/src/HOL/Isar_Examples/Group_Context.thy
1887 Any other local theory specification element works within the "context
1888 ... begin ... end" block as well.
1890 * Bundled declarations associate attributed fact expressions with a
1891 given name in the context. These may be later included in other
1892 contexts. This allows to manage context extensions casually, without
1893 the logical dependencies of locales and locale interpretation. See
1894 commands 'bundle', 'include', 'including' etc. in the isar-ref manual.
1896 * Commands 'lemmas' and 'theorems' allow local variables using 'for'
1897 declaration, and results are standardized before being stored. Thus
1898 old-style "standard" after instantiation or composition of facts
1899 becomes obsolete. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, due to potential change of
1900 indices of schematic variables.
1902 * Rule attributes in local theory declarations (e.g. locale or class)
1903 are now statically evaluated: the resulting theorem is stored instead
1904 of the original expression. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
1905 the historic accident of dynamic re-evaluation in interpretations
1908 * New tutorial "Programming and Proving in Isabelle/HOL"
1909 ("prog-prove"). It completely supersedes "A Tutorial Introduction to
1910 Structured Isar Proofs" ("isar-overview"), which has been removed. It
1911 also supersedes "Isabelle/HOL, A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order
1912 Logic" as the recommended beginners tutorial, but does not cover all
1913 of the material of that old tutorial.
1915 * Updated and extended reference manuals: "isar-ref",
1916 "implementation", "system"; reduced remaining material in old "ref"
1922 * Command 'definition' no longer exports the foundational "raw_def"
1923 into the user context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, may use the regular
1924 "def" result with attribute "abs_def" to imitate the old version.
1926 * Attribute "abs_def" turns an equation of the form "f x y == t" into
1927 "f == %x y. t", which ensures that "simp" or "unfold" steps always
1928 expand it. This also works for object-logic equality. (Formerly
1929 undocumented feature.)
1931 * Sort constraints are now propagated in simultaneous statements, just
1932 like type constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
1933 distinct sorts used to be assigned accidentally. For example:
1935 lemma "P (x::'a::foo)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)" -- "now illegal"
1937 lemma "P (x::'a)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)"
1938 -- "now uniform 'a::bar instead of default sort for first occurrence (!)"
1940 * Rule composition via attribute "OF" (or ML functions OF/MRS) is more
1941 tolerant against multiple unifiers, as long as the final result is
1942 unique. (As before, rules are composed in canonical right-to-left
1943 order to accommodate newly introduced premises.)
1945 * Renamed some inner syntax categories:
1951 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that in practice "num_const" or
1952 "num_position" etc. are mainly used instead (which also include
1953 position information via constraints).
1955 * Simplified configuration options for syntax ambiguity: see
1956 "syntax_ambiguity_warning" and "syntax_ambiguity_limit" in isar-ref
1957 manual. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1959 * Discontinued configuration option "syntax_positions": atomic terms
1960 in parse trees are always annotated by position constraints.
1962 * Old code generator for SML and its commands 'code_module',
1963 'code_library', 'consts_code', 'types_code' have been discontinued.
1964 Use commands of the generic code generator instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1966 * Redundant attribute "code_inline" has been discontinued. Use
1967 "code_unfold" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1969 * Dropped attribute "code_unfold_post" in favor of the its dual
1970 "code_abbrev", which yields a common pattern in definitions like
1972 definition [code_abbrev]: "f = t"
1976 * Obsolete 'types' command has been discontinued. Use 'type_synonym'
1977 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1979 * Discontinued old "prems" fact, which used to refer to the accidental
1980 collection of foundational premises in the context (already marked as
1981 legacy since Isabelle2011).
1986 * Type 'a set is now a proper type constructor (just as before
1987 Isabelle2008). Definitions mem_def and Collect_def have disappeared.
1988 Non-trivial INCOMPATIBILITY. For developments keeping predicates and
1989 sets separate, it is often sufficient to rephrase some set S that has
1990 been accidentally used as predicates by "%x. x : S", and some
1991 predicate P that has been accidentally used as set by "{x. P x}".
1992 Corresponding proofs in a first step should be pruned from any
1993 tinkering with former theorems mem_def and Collect_def as far as
1996 For developments which deliberately mix predicates and sets, a
1997 planning step is necessary to determine what should become a predicate
1998 and what a set. It can be helpful to carry out that step in
1999 Isabelle2011-1 before jumping right into the current release.
2001 * Code generation by default implements sets as container type rather
2002 than predicates. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2004 * New type synonym 'a rel = ('a * 'a) set
2006 * The representation of numerals has changed. Datatype "num"
2007 represents strictly positive binary numerals, along with functions
2008 "numeral :: num => 'a" and "neg_numeral :: num => 'a" to represent
2009 positive and negated numeric literals, respectively. See also
2010 definitions in ~~/src/HOL/Num.thy. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, some
2011 user theories may require adaptations as follows:
2013 - Theorems with number_ring or number_semiring constraints: These
2014 classes are gone; use comm_ring_1 or comm_semiring_1 instead.
2016 - Theories defining numeric types: Remove number, number_semiring,
2017 and number_ring instances. Defer all theorems about numerals until
2018 after classes one and semigroup_add have been instantiated.
2020 - Numeral-only simp rules: Replace each rule having a "number_of v"
2021 pattern with two copies, one for numeral and one for neg_numeral.
2023 - Theorems about subclasses of semiring_1 or ring_1: These classes
2024 automatically support numerals now, so more simp rules and
2025 simprocs may now apply within the proof.
2027 - Definitions and theorems using old constructors Pls/Min/Bit0/Bit1:
2028 Redefine using other integer operations.
2030 * Transfer: New package intended to generalize the existing
2031 "descending" method and related theorem attributes from the Quotient
2032 package. (Not all functionality is implemented yet, but future
2033 development will focus on Transfer as an eventual replacement for the
2034 corresponding parts of the Quotient package.)
2036 - transfer_rule attribute: Maintains a collection of transfer rules,
2037 which relate constants at two different types. Transfer rules may
2038 relate different type instances of the same polymorphic constant,
2039 or they may relate an operation on a raw type to a corresponding
2040 operation on an abstract type (quotient or subtype). For example:
2042 ((A ===> B) ===> list_all2 A ===> list_all2 B) map map
2043 (cr_int ===> cr_int ===> cr_int) (%(x,y) (u,v). (x+u, y+v)) plus_int
2045 - transfer method: Replaces a subgoal on abstract types with an
2046 equivalent subgoal on the corresponding raw types. Constants are
2047 replaced with corresponding ones according to the transfer rules.
2048 Goals are generalized over all free variables by default; this is
2049 necessary for variables whose types change, but can be overridden
2050 for specific variables with e.g. "transfer fixing: x y z". The
2051 variant transfer' method allows replacing a subgoal with one that
2052 is logically stronger (rather than equivalent).
2054 - relator_eq attribute: Collects identity laws for relators of
2055 various type constructors, e.g. "list_all2 (op =) = (op =)". The
2056 transfer method uses these lemmas to infer transfer rules for
2057 non-polymorphic constants on the fly.
2059 - transfer_prover method: Assists with proving a transfer rule for a
2060 new constant, provided the constant is defined in terms of other
2061 constants that already have transfer rules. It should be applied
2062 after unfolding the constant definitions.
2064 - HOL/ex/Transfer_Int_Nat.thy: Example theory demonstrating transfer
2065 from type nat to type int.
2067 * Lifting: New package intended to generalize the quotient_definition
2068 facility of the Quotient package; designed to work with Transfer.
2070 - lift_definition command: Defines operations on an abstract type in
2071 terms of a corresponding operation on a representation
2072 type. Example syntax:
2074 lift_definition dlist_insert :: "'a => 'a dlist => 'a dlist"
2077 Users must discharge a respectfulness proof obligation when each
2078 constant is defined. (For a type copy, i.e. a typedef with UNIV,
2079 the proof is discharged automatically.) The obligation is
2080 presented in a user-friendly, readable form; a respectfulness
2081 theorem in the standard format and a transfer rule are generated
2084 - Integration with code_abstype: For typedefs (e.g. subtypes
2085 corresponding to a datatype invariant, such as dlist),
2086 lift_definition generates a code certificate theorem and sets up
2087 code generation for each constant.
2089 - setup_lifting command: Sets up the Lifting package to work with a
2090 user-defined type. The user must provide either a quotient theorem
2091 or a type_definition theorem. The package configures transfer
2092 rules for equality and quantifiers on the type, and sets up the
2093 lift_definition command to work with the type.
2095 - Usage examples: See Quotient_Examples/Lift_DList.thy,
2096 Quotient_Examples/Lift_RBT.thy, Quotient_Examples/Lift_FSet.thy,
2097 Word/Word.thy and Library/Float.thy.
2101 - The 'quotient_type' command now supports a 'morphisms' option with
2102 rep and abs functions, similar to typedef.
2104 - 'quotient_type' sets up new types to work with the Lifting and
2105 Transfer packages, as with 'setup_lifting'.
2107 - The 'quotient_definition' command now requires the user to prove a
2108 respectfulness property at the point where the constant is
2109 defined, similar to lift_definition; INCOMPATIBILITY.
2111 - Renamed predicate 'Quotient' to 'Quotient3', and renamed theorems
2112 accordingly, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2114 * New diagnostic command 'find_unused_assms' to find potentially
2115 superfluous assumptions in theorems using Quickcheck.
2119 - Quickcheck returns variable assignments as counterexamples, which
2120 allows to reveal the underspecification of functions under test.
2121 For example, refuting "hd xs = x", it presents the variable
2122 assignment xs = [] and x = a1 as a counterexample, assuming that
2123 any property is false whenever "hd []" occurs in it.
2125 These counterexample are marked as potentially spurious, as
2126 Quickcheck also returns "xs = []" as a counterexample to the
2127 obvious theorem "hd xs = hd xs".
2129 After finding a potentially spurious counterexample, Quickcheck
2130 continues searching for genuine ones.
2132 By default, Quickcheck shows potentially spurious and genuine
2133 counterexamples. The option "genuine_only" sets quickcheck to only
2134 show genuine counterexamples.
2136 - The command 'quickcheck_generator' creates random and exhaustive
2137 value generators for a given type and operations.
2139 It generates values by using the operations as if they were
2140 constructors of that type.
2142 - Support for multisets.
2144 - Added "use_subtype" options.
2146 - Added "quickcheck_locale" configuration to specify how to process
2147 conjectures in a locale context.
2149 * Nitpick: Fixed infinite loop caused by the 'peephole_optim' option
2150 and affecting 'rat' and 'real'.
2153 - Integrated more tightly with SPASS, as described in the ITP 2012
2154 paper "More SPASS with Isabelle".
2155 - Made it try "smt" as a fallback if "metis" fails or times out.
2156 - Added support for the following provers: Alt-Ergo (via Why3 and
2157 TFF1), iProver, iProver-Eq.
2158 - Sped up the minimizer.
2159 - Added "lam_trans", "uncurry_aliases", and "minimize" options.
2160 - Renamed "slicing" ("no_slicing") option to "slice" ("dont_slice").
2161 - Renamed "sound" option to "strict".
2163 * Metis: Added possibility to specify lambda translations scheme as a
2164 parenthesized argument (e.g., "by (metis (lifting) ...)").
2166 * SMT: Renamed "smt_fixed" option to "smt_read_only_certificates".
2168 * Command 'try0': Renamed from 'try_methods'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2170 * New "case_product" attribute to generate a case rule doing multiple
2171 case distinctions at the same time. E.g.
2173 list.exhaust [case_product nat.exhaust]
2175 produces a rule which can be used to perform case distinction on both
2178 * New "eventually_elim" method as a generalized variant of the
2179 eventually_elim* rules. Supports structured proofs.
2181 * Typedef with implicit set definition is considered legacy. Use
2182 "typedef (open)" form instead, which will eventually become the
2185 * Record: code generation can be switched off manually with
2187 declare [[record_coden = false]] -- "default true"
2189 * Datatype: type parameters allow explicit sort constraints.
2191 * Concrete syntax for case expressions includes constraints for source
2192 positions, and thus produces Prover IDE markup for its bindings.
2193 INCOMPATIBILITY for old-style syntax translations that augment the
2194 pattern notation; e.g. see src/HOL/HOLCF/One.thy for translations of
2197 * Clarified attribute "mono_set": pure declaration without modifying
2198 the result of the fact expression.
2200 * More default pred/set conversions on a couple of relation operations
2201 and predicates. Added powers of predicate relations. Consolidation
2202 of some relation theorems:
2204 converse_def ~> converse_unfold
2205 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
2206 symp_def ~> (modified, use symp_def and sym_def instead)
2207 transp_def ~> transp_trans
2208 Domain_def ~> Domain_unfold
2209 Range_def ~> Domain_converse [symmetric]
2211 Generalized theorems INF_INT_eq, INF_INT_eq2, SUP_UN_eq, SUP_UN_eq2.
2213 See theory "Relation" for examples for making use of pred/set
2214 conversions by means of attributes "to_set" and "to_pred".
2218 * Renamed facts about the power operation on relations, i.e., relpow
2219 to match the constant's name:
2221 rel_pow_1 ~> relpow_1
2222 rel_pow_0_I ~> relpow_0_I
2223 rel_pow_Suc_I ~> relpow_Suc_I
2224 rel_pow_Suc_I2 ~> relpow_Suc_I2
2225 rel_pow_0_E ~> relpow_0_E
2226 rel_pow_Suc_E ~> relpow_Suc_E
2227 rel_pow_E ~> relpow_E
2228 rel_pow_Suc_D2 ~> relpow_Suc_D2
2229 rel_pow_Suc_E2 ~> relpow_Suc_E2
2230 rel_pow_Suc_D2' ~> relpow_Suc_D2'
2231 rel_pow_E2 ~> relpow_E2
2232 rel_pow_add ~> relpow_add
2233 rel_pow_commute ~> relpow
2234 rel_pow_empty ~> relpow_empty:
2235 rtrancl_imp_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_UN_relpow
2236 rel_pow_imp_rtrancl ~> relpow_imp_rtrancl
2237 rtrancl_is_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_is_UN_relpow
2238 rtrancl_imp_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_relpow
2239 rel_pow_fun_conv ~> relpow_fun_conv
2240 rel_pow_finite_bounded1 ~> relpow_finite_bounded1
2241 rel_pow_finite_bounded ~> relpow_finite_bounded
2242 rtrancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_finite_eq_relpow
2243 trancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> trancl_finite_eq_relpow
2244 single_valued_rel_pow ~> single_valued_relpow
2248 * Theory Relation: Consolidated constant name for relation composition
2249 and corresponding theorem names:
2251 - Renamed constant rel_comp to relcomp.
2253 - Dropped abbreviation pred_comp. Use relcompp instead.
2257 rel_compI ~> relcompI
2258 rel_compEpair ~> relcompEpair
2259 rel_compE ~> relcompE
2260 pred_comp_rel_comp_eq ~> relcompp_relcomp_eq
2261 rel_comp_empty1 ~> relcomp_empty1
2262 rel_comp_mono ~> relcomp_mono
2263 rel_comp_subset_Sigma ~> relcomp_subset_Sigma
2264 rel_comp_distrib ~> relcomp_distrib
2265 rel_comp_distrib2 ~> relcomp_distrib2
2266 rel_comp_UNION_distrib ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib
2267 rel_comp_UNION_distrib2 ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib2
2268 single_valued_rel_comp ~> single_valued_relcomp
2269 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
2270 converse_rel_comp ~> converse_relcomp
2271 pred_compI ~> relcomppI
2272 pred_compE ~> relcomppE
2273 pred_comp_bot1 ~> relcompp_bot1
2274 pred_comp_bot2 ~> relcompp_bot2
2275 transp_pred_comp_less_eq ~> transp_relcompp_less_eq
2276 pred_comp_mono ~> relcompp_mono
2277 pred_comp_distrib ~> relcompp_distrib
2278 pred_comp_distrib2 ~> relcompp_distrib2
2279 converse_pred_comp ~> converse_relcompp
2281 finite_rel_comp ~> finite_relcomp
2283 set_rel_comp ~> set_relcomp
2287 * Theory Divides: Discontinued redundant theorems about div and mod.
2288 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
2290 DIVISION_BY_ZERO ~> div_by_0, mod_by_0
2291 zdiv_self ~> div_self
2292 zmod_self ~> mod_self
2295 zdiv_zmod_equality ~> div_mod_equality2
2296 zdiv_zmod_equality2 ~> div_mod_equality
2297 zmod_zdiv_trivial ~> mod_div_trivial
2298 zdiv_zminus_zminus ~> div_minus_minus
2299 zmod_zminus_zminus ~> mod_minus_minus
2300 zdiv_zminus2 ~> div_minus_right
2301 zmod_zminus2 ~> mod_minus_right
2302 zdiv_minus1_right ~> div_minus1_right
2303 zmod_minus1_right ~> mod_minus1_right
2304 zdvd_mult_div_cancel ~> dvd_mult_div_cancel
2305 zmod_zmult1_eq ~> mod_mult_right_eq
2306 zpower_zmod ~> power_mod
2307 zdvd_zmod ~> dvd_mod
2308 zdvd_zmod_imp_zdvd ~> dvd_mod_imp_dvd
2309 mod_mult_distrib ~> mult_mod_left
2310 mod_mult_distrib2 ~> mult_mod_right
2312 * Removed redundant theorems nat_mult_2 and nat_mult_2_right; use
2313 generic mult_2 and mult_2_right instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2315 * Finite_Set.fold now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2317 * Consolidated theorem names concerning fold combinators:
2319 inf_INFI_fold_inf ~> inf_INF_fold_inf
2320 sup_SUPR_fold_sup ~> sup_SUP_fold_sup
2321 INFI_fold_inf ~> INF_fold_inf
2322 SUPR_fold_sup ~> SUP_fold_sup
2323 union_set ~> union_set_fold
2324 minus_set ~> minus_set_fold
2325 INFI_set_fold ~> INF_set_fold
2326 SUPR_set_fold ~> SUP_set_fold
2327 INF_code ~> INF_set_foldr
2328 SUP_code ~> SUP_set_foldr
2329 foldr.simps ~> foldr.simps (in point-free formulation)
2330 foldr_fold_rev ~> foldr_conv_fold
2331 foldl_fold ~> foldl_conv_fold
2332 foldr_foldr ~> foldr_conv_foldl
2333 foldl_foldr ~> foldl_conv_foldr
2334 fold_set_remdups ~> fold_set_fold_remdups
2335 fold_set ~> fold_set_fold
2336 fold1_set ~> fold1_set_fold
2340 * Dropped rarely useful theorems concerning fold combinators:
2341 foldl_apply, foldl_fun_comm, foldl_rev, fold_weak_invariant,
2342 rev_foldl_cons, fold_set_remdups, fold_set, fold_set1,
2343 concat_conv_foldl, foldl_weak_invariant, foldl_invariant,
2344 foldr_invariant, foldl_absorb0, foldl_foldr1_lemma, foldl_foldr1,
2345 listsum_conv_fold, listsum_foldl, sort_foldl_insort, foldl_assoc,
2346 foldr_conv_foldl, start_le_sum, elem_le_sum, sum_eq_0_conv.
2347 INCOMPATIBILITY. For the common phrases "%xs. List.foldr plus xs 0"
2348 and "List.foldl plus 0", prefer "List.listsum". Otherwise it can be
2349 useful to boil down "List.foldr" and "List.foldl" to "List.fold" by
2350 unfolding "foldr_conv_fold" and "foldl_conv_fold".
2352 * Dropped lemmas minus_set_foldr, union_set_foldr, union_coset_foldr,
2353 inter_coset_foldr, Inf_fin_set_foldr, Sup_fin_set_foldr,
2354 Min_fin_set_foldr, Max_fin_set_foldr, Inf_set_foldr, Sup_set_foldr,
2355 INF_set_foldr, SUP_set_foldr. INCOMPATIBILITY. Prefer corresponding
2356 lemmas over fold rather than foldr, or make use of lemmas
2357 fold_conv_foldr and fold_rev.
2359 * Congruence rules Option.map_cong and Option.bind_cong for recursion
2360 through option types.
2362 * "Transitive_Closure.ntrancl": bounded transitive closure on
2365 * Constant "Set.not_member" now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2367 * Theory Int: Discontinued many legacy theorems specific to type int.
2368 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
2370 zminus_zminus ~> minus_minus
2371 zminus_0 ~> minus_zero
2372 zminus_zadd_distrib ~> minus_add_distrib
2373 zadd_commute ~> add_commute
2374 zadd_assoc ~> add_assoc
2375 zadd_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
2378 zadd_0 ~> add_0_left
2379 zadd_0_right ~> add_0_right
2380 zadd_zminus_inverse2 ~> left_minus
2381 zmult_zminus ~> mult_minus_left
2382 zmult_commute ~> mult_commute
2383 zmult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
2384 zadd_zmult_distrib ~> left_distrib
2385 zadd_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_distrib
2386 zdiff_zmult_distrib ~> left_diff_distrib
2387 zdiff_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_diff_distrib
2388 zmult_1 ~> mult_1_left
2389 zmult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
2390 zle_refl ~> order_refl
2391 zle_trans ~> order_trans
2392 zle_antisym ~> order_antisym
2393 zle_linear ~> linorder_linear
2394 zless_linear ~> linorder_less_linear
2395 zadd_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
2396 zadd_strict_right_mono ~> add_strict_right_mono
2397 zadd_zless_mono ~> add_less_le_mono
2398 int_0_less_1 ~> zero_less_one
2399 int_0_neq_1 ~> zero_neq_one
2401 zpower_zadd_distrib ~> power_add
2402 zero_less_zpower_abs_iff ~> zero_less_power_abs_iff
2403 zero_le_zpower_abs ~> zero_le_power_abs
2405 * Theory Deriv: Renamed
2407 DERIV_nonneg_imp_nonincreasing ~> DERIV_nonneg_imp_nondecreasing
2409 * Theory Library/Multiset: Improved code generation of multisets.
2411 * Theory HOL/Library/Set_Algebras: Addition and multiplication on sets
2412 are expressed via type classes again. The special syntax
2413 \<oplus>/\<otimes> has been replaced by plain +/*. Removed constant
2414 setsum_set, which is now subsumed by Big_Operators.setsum.
2417 * Theory HOL/Library/Diagonalize has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY,
2418 use theory HOL/Library/Nat_Bijection instead.
2420 * Theory HOL/Library/RBT_Impl: Backing implementation of red-black
2421 trees is now inside a type class context. Names of affected
2422 operations and lemmas have been prefixed by rbt_. INCOMPATIBILITY for
2423 theories working directly with raw red-black trees, adapt the names as
2427 bulkload -> rbt_bulkload
2428 del_from_left -> rbt_del_from_left
2429 del_from_right -> rbt_del_from_right
2431 delete -> rbt_delete
2433 insert -> rbt_insert
2434 insertw -> rbt_insert_with
2435 insert_with_key -> rbt_insert_with_key
2436 map_entry -> rbt_map_entry
2437 lookup -> rbt_lookup
2438 sorted -> rbt_sorted
2439 tree_greater -> rbt_greater
2440 tree_less -> rbt_less
2441 tree_less_symbol -> rbt_less_symbol
2443 union_with -> rbt_union_with
2444 union_with_key -> rbt_union_with_key
2447 balance_left_sorted -> balance_left_rbt_sorted
2448 balance_left_tree_greater -> balance_left_rbt_greater
2449 balance_left_tree_less -> balance_left_rbt_less
2450 balance_right_sorted -> balance_right_rbt_sorted
2451 balance_right_tree_greater -> balance_right_rbt_greater
2452 balance_right_tree_less -> balance_right_rbt_less
2453 balance_sorted -> balance_rbt_sorted
2454 balance_tree_greater -> balance_rbt_greater
2455 balance_tree_less -> balance_rbt_less
2456 bulkload_is_rbt -> rbt_bulkload_is_rbt
2457 combine_sorted -> combine_rbt_sorted
2458 combine_tree_greater -> combine_rbt_greater
2459 combine_tree_less -> combine_rbt_less
2460 delete_in_tree -> rbt_delete_in_tree
2461 delete_is_rbt -> rbt_delete_is_rbt
2462 del_from_left_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_greater
2463 del_from_left_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_less
2464 del_from_right_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_greater
2465 del_from_right_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_less
2466 del_in_tree -> rbt_del_in_tree
2467 del_inv1_inv2 -> rbt_del_inv1_inv2
2468 del_sorted -> rbt_del_rbt_sorted
2469 del_tree_greater -> rbt_del_rbt_greater
2470 del_tree_less -> rbt_del_rbt_less
2471 dom_lookup_Branch -> dom_rbt_lookup_Branch
2472 entries_lookup -> entries_rbt_lookup
2473 finite_dom_lookup -> finite_dom_rbt_lookup
2474 insert_sorted -> rbt_insert_rbt_sorted
2475 insertw_is_rbt -> rbt_insertw_is_rbt
2476 insertwk_is_rbt -> rbt_insertwk_is_rbt
2477 insertwk_sorted -> rbt_insertwk_rbt_sorted
2478 insertw_sorted -> rbt_insertw_rbt_sorted
2479 ins_sorted -> ins_rbt_sorted
2480 ins_tree_greater -> ins_rbt_greater
2481 ins_tree_less -> ins_rbt_less
2482 is_rbt_sorted -> is_rbt_rbt_sorted
2483 lookup_balance -> rbt_lookup_balance
2484 lookup_bulkload -> rbt_lookup_rbt_bulkload
2485 lookup_delete -> rbt_lookup_rbt_delete
2486 lookup_Empty -> rbt_lookup_Empty
2487 lookup_from_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_from_in_tree
2488 lookup_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_in_tree
2489 lookup_ins -> rbt_lookup_ins
2490 lookup_insert -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insert
2491 lookup_insertw -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertw
2492 lookup_insertwk -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertwk
2493 lookup_keys -> rbt_lookup_keys
2494 lookup_map -> rbt_lookup_map
2495 lookup_map_entry -> rbt_lookup_rbt_map_entry
2496 lookup_tree_greater -> rbt_lookup_rbt_greater
2497 lookup_tree_less -> rbt_lookup_rbt_less
2498 lookup_union -> rbt_lookup_rbt_union
2499 map_entry_color_of -> rbt_map_entry_color_of
2500 map_entry_inv1 -> rbt_map_entry_inv1
2501 map_entry_inv2 -> rbt_map_entry_inv2
2502 map_entry_is_rbt -> rbt_map_entry_is_rbt
2503 map_entry_sorted -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_sorted
2504 map_entry_tree_greater -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_greater
2505 map_entry_tree_less -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_less
2506 map_tree_greater -> map_rbt_greater
2507 map_tree_less -> map_rbt_less
2508 map_sorted -> map_rbt_sorted
2509 paint_sorted -> paint_rbt_sorted
2510 paint_lookup -> paint_rbt_lookup
2511 paint_tree_greater -> paint_rbt_greater
2512 paint_tree_less -> paint_rbt_less
2513 sorted_entries -> rbt_sorted_entries
2514 tree_greater_eq_trans -> rbt_greater_eq_trans
2515 tree_greater_nit -> rbt_greater_nit
2516 tree_greater_prop -> rbt_greater_prop
2517 tree_greater_simps -> rbt_greater_simps
2518 tree_greater_trans -> rbt_greater_trans
2519 tree_less_eq_trans -> rbt_less_eq_trans
2520 tree_less_nit -> rbt_less_nit
2521 tree_less_prop -> rbt_less_prop
2522 tree_less_simps -> rbt_less_simps
2523 tree_less_trans -> rbt_less_trans
2524 tree_ord_props -> rbt_ord_props
2525 union_Branch -> rbt_union_Branch
2526 union_is_rbt -> rbt_union_is_rbt
2527 unionw_is_rbt -> rbt_unionw_is_rbt
2528 unionwk_is_rbt -> rbt_unionwk_is_rbt
2529 unionwk_sorted -> rbt_unionwk_rbt_sorted
2531 * Theory HOL/Library/Float: Floating point numbers are now defined as
2532 a subset of the real numbers. All operations are defined using the
2533 lifing-framework and proofs use the transfer method. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2540 round_down -> float_round_down
2541 round_up -> float_round_up
2545 ceiling_fl, lb_mult, lb_mod, ub_mult, ub_mod
2548 abs_float_def -> Float.compute_float_abs
2549 bitlen_ge0 -> bitlen_nonneg
2550 bitlen.simps -> Float.compute_bitlen
2551 float_components -> Float_mantissa_exponent
2552 float_divl.simps -> Float.compute_float_divl
2553 float_divr.simps -> Float.compute_float_divr
2554 float_eq_odd -> mult_powr_eq_mult_powr_iff
2555 float_power -> real_of_float_power
2556 lapprox_posrat_def -> Float.compute_lapprox_posrat
2557 lapprox_rat.simps -> Float.compute_lapprox_rat
2558 le_float_def' -> Float.compute_float_le
2559 le_float_def -> less_eq_float.rep_eq
2560 less_float_def' -> Float.compute_float_less
2561 less_float_def -> less_float.rep_eq
2562 normfloat_def -> Float.compute_normfloat
2563 normfloat_imp_odd_or_zero -> mantissa_not_dvd and mantissa_noteq_0
2564 normfloat -> normfloat_def
2565 normfloat_unique -> use normfloat_def
2566 number_of_float_Float -> Float.compute_float_numeral, Float.compute_float_neg_numeral
2567 one_float_def -> Float.compute_float_one
2568 plus_float_def -> Float.compute_float_plus
2569 rapprox_posrat_def -> Float.compute_rapprox_posrat
2570 rapprox_rat.simps -> Float.compute_rapprox_rat
2571 real_of_float_0 -> zero_float.rep_eq
2572 real_of_float_1 -> one_float.rep_eq
2573 real_of_float_abs -> abs_float.rep_eq
2574 real_of_float_add -> plus_float.rep_eq
2575 real_of_float_minus -> uminus_float.rep_eq
2576 real_of_float_mult -> times_float.rep_eq
2577 real_of_float_simp -> Float.rep_eq
2578 real_of_float_sub -> minus_float.rep_eq
2579 round_down.simps -> Float.compute_float_round_down
2580 round_up.simps -> Float.compute_float_round_up
2581 times_float_def -> Float.compute_float_times
2582 uminus_float_def -> Float.compute_float_uminus
2583 zero_float_def -> Float.compute_float_zero
2585 Lemmas not necessary anymore, use the transfer method:
2586 bitlen_B0, bitlen_B1, bitlen_ge1, bitlen_Min, bitlen_Pls, float_divl,
2587 float_divr, float_le_simp, float_less1_mantissa_bound,
2588 float_less_simp, float_less_zero, float_le_zero,
2589 float_pos_less1_e_neg, float_pos_m_pos, float_split, float_split2,
2590 floor_pos_exp, lapprox_posrat, lapprox_posrat_bottom, lapprox_rat,
2591 lapprox_rat_bottom, normalized_float, rapprox_posrat,
2592 rapprox_posrat_le1, rapprox_rat, real_of_float_ge0_exp,
2593 real_of_float_neg_exp, real_of_float_nge0_exp, round_down floor_fl,
2594 round_up, zero_le_float, zero_less_float
2596 * New theory HOL/Library/DAList provides an abstract type for
2597 association lists with distinct keys.
2599 * Session HOL/IMP: Added new theory of abstract interpretation of
2602 * Session HOL-Import: Re-implementation from scratch is faster,
2603 simpler, and more scalable. Requires a proof bundle, which is
2604 available as an external component. Discontinued old (and mostly
2605 dead) Importer for HOL4 and HOL Light. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2607 * Session HOL-Word: Discontinued many redundant theorems specific to
2608 type 'a word. INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems
2611 word_sub_alt ~> word_sub_wi
2612 word_add_alt ~> word_add_def
2613 word_mult_alt ~> word_mult_def
2614 word_minus_alt ~> word_minus_def
2615 word_0_alt ~> word_0_wi
2616 word_1_alt ~> word_1_wi
2617 word_add_0 ~> add_0_left
2618 word_add_0_right ~> add_0_right
2619 word_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
2620 word_mult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
2621 word_add_commute ~> add_commute
2622 word_add_assoc ~> add_assoc
2623 word_add_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
2624 word_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
2625 word_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
2626 word_mult_left_commute ~> mult_left_commute
2627 word_left_distrib ~> left_distrib
2628 word_right_distrib ~> right_distrib
2629 word_left_minus ~> left_minus
2630 word_diff_0_right ~> diff_0_right
2631 word_diff_self ~> diff_self
2632 word_sub_def ~> diff_minus
2633 word_diff_minus ~> diff_minus
2634 word_add_ac ~> add_ac
2635 word_mult_ac ~> mult_ac
2636 word_plus_ac0 ~> add_0_left add_0_right add_ac
2637 word_times_ac1 ~> mult_1_left mult_1_right mult_ac
2638 word_order_trans ~> order_trans
2639 word_order_refl ~> order_refl
2640 word_order_antisym ~> order_antisym
2641 word_order_linear ~> linorder_linear
2642 lenw1_zero_neq_one ~> zero_neq_one
2643 word_number_of_eq ~> number_of_eq
2644 word_of_int_add_hom ~> wi_hom_add
2645 word_of_int_sub_hom ~> wi_hom_sub
2646 word_of_int_mult_hom ~> wi_hom_mult
2647 word_of_int_minus_hom ~> wi_hom_neg
2648 word_of_int_succ_hom ~> wi_hom_succ
2649 word_of_int_pred_hom ~> wi_hom_pred
2650 word_of_int_0_hom ~> word_0_wi
2651 word_of_int_1_hom ~> word_1_wi
2653 * Session HOL-Word: New proof method "word_bitwise" for splitting
2654 machine word equalities and inequalities into logical circuits,
2655 defined in HOL/Word/WordBitwise.thy. Supports addition, subtraction,
2656 multiplication, shifting by constants, bitwise operators and numeric
2657 constants. Requires fixed-length word types, not 'a word. Solves
2658 many standard word identities outright and converts more into first
2659 order problems amenable to blast or similar. See also examples in
2660 HOL/Word/Examples/WordExamples.thy.
2662 * Session HOL-Probability: Introduced the type "'a measure" to
2663 represent measures, this replaces the records 'a algebra and 'a
2664 measure_space. The locales based on subset_class now have two
2665 locale-parameters the space \<Omega> and the set of measurable sets M.
2666 The product of probability spaces uses now the same constant as the
2667 finite product of sigma-finite measure spaces "PiM :: ('i => 'a)
2668 measure". Most constants are defined now outside of locales and gain
2669 an additional parameter, like null_sets, almost_eventually or \<mu>'.
2670 Measure space constructions for distributions and densities now got
2671 their own constants distr and density. Instead of using locales to
2672 describe measure spaces with a finite space, the measure count_space
2673 and point_measure is introduced. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2677 finite_measure.\<mu>' -> measure
2678 product_algebra_generator -> prod_algebra
2679 product_prob_space.emb -> prod_emb
2680 product_prob_space.infprod_algebra -> PiM
2683 completeable_measure_space
2684 finite_measure_space
2686 finite_product_finite_prob_space
2687 finite_product_sigma_algebra
2688 finite_sigma_algebra
2690 pair_finite_prob_space
2691 pair_finite_sigma_algebra
2694 product_sigma_algebra
2698 distribution -> use distr measure, or distributed predicate
2700 joint_distribution -> use distr measure, or distributed predicate
2701 pair_measure_generator
2702 product_prob_space.infprod_algebra -> use PiM
2705 Replacement theorems:
2706 finite_additivity_sufficient -> ring_of_sets.countably_additiveI_finite
2707 finite_measure.empty_measure -> measure_empty
2708 finite_measure.finite_continuity_from_above -> finite_measure.finite_Lim_measure_decseq
2709 finite_measure.finite_continuity_from_below -> finite_measure.finite_Lim_measure_incseq
2710 finite_measure.finite_measure_countably_subadditive -> finite_measure.finite_measure_subadditive_countably
2711 finite_measure.finite_measure_eq -> finite_measure.emeasure_eq_measure
2712 finite_measure.finite_measure -> finite_measure.emeasure_finite
2713 finite_measure.finite_measure_finite_singleton -> finite_measure.finite_measure_eq_setsum_singleton
2714 finite_measure.positive_measure' -> measure_nonneg
2715 finite_measure.real_measure -> finite_measure.emeasure_real
2716 finite_product_prob_space.finite_measure_times -> finite_product_prob_space.finite_measure_PiM_emb
2717 finite_product_sigma_algebra.in_P -> sets_PiM_I_finite
2718 finite_product_sigma_algebra.P_empty -> space_PiM_empty, sets_PiM_empty
2719 information_space.conditional_entropy_eq -> information_space.conditional_entropy_simple_distributed
2720 information_space.conditional_entropy_positive -> information_space.conditional_entropy_nonneg_simple
2721 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_eq_mutual_information -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_eq_mutual_information_simple
2722 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_generic_positive -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_nonneg_simple
2723 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_positive -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_nonneg_simple
2724 information_space.entropy_commute -> information_space.entropy_commute_simple
2725 information_space.entropy_eq -> information_space.entropy_simple_distributed
2726 information_space.entropy_generic_eq -> information_space.entropy_simple_distributed
2727 information_space.entropy_positive -> information_space.entropy_nonneg_simple
2728 information_space.entropy_uniform_max -> information_space.entropy_uniform
2729 information_space.KL_eq_0_imp -> information_space.KL_eq_0_iff_eq
2730 information_space.KL_eq_0 -> information_space.KL_same_eq_0
2731 information_space.KL_ge_0 -> information_space.KL_nonneg
2732 information_space.mutual_information_eq -> information_space.mutual_information_simple_distributed
2733 information_space.mutual_information_positive -> information_space.mutual_information_nonneg_simple
2734 Int_stable_cuboids -> Int_stable_atLeastAtMost
2735 Int_stable_product_algebra_generator -> positive_integral
2736 measure_preserving -> equality "distr M N f = N" "f : measurable M N"
2737 measure_space.additive -> emeasure_additive
2738 measure_space.AE_iff_null_set -> AE_iff_null
2739 measure_space.almost_everywhere_def -> eventually_ae_filter
2740 measure_space.almost_everywhere_vimage -> AE_distrD
2741 measure_space.continuity_from_above -> INF_emeasure_decseq
2742 measure_space.continuity_from_above_Lim -> Lim_emeasure_decseq
2743 measure_space.continuity_from_below_Lim -> Lim_emeasure_incseq
2744 measure_space.continuity_from_below -> SUP_emeasure_incseq
2745 measure_space_density -> emeasure_density
2746 measure_space.density_is_absolutely_continuous -> absolutely_continuousI_density
2747 measure_space.integrable_vimage -> integrable_distr
2748 measure_space.integral_translated_density -> integral_density
2749 measure_space.integral_vimage -> integral_distr
2750 measure_space.measure_additive -> plus_emeasure
2751 measure_space.measure_compl -> emeasure_compl
2752 measure_space.measure_countable_increasing -> emeasure_countable_increasing
2753 measure_space.measure_countably_subadditive -> emeasure_subadditive_countably
2754 measure_space.measure_decseq -> decseq_emeasure
2755 measure_space.measure_Diff -> emeasure_Diff
2756 measure_space.measure_Diff_null_set -> emeasure_Diff_null_set
2757 measure_space.measure_eq_0 -> emeasure_eq_0
2758 measure_space.measure_finitely_subadditive -> emeasure_subadditive_finite
2759 measure_space.measure_finite_singleton -> emeasure_eq_setsum_singleton
2760 measure_space.measure_incseq -> incseq_emeasure
2761 measure_space.measure_insert -> emeasure_insert
2762 measure_space.measure_mono -> emeasure_mono
2763 measure_space.measure_not_negative -> emeasure_not_MInf
2764 measure_space.measure_preserving_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
2765 measure_space.measure_setsum -> setsum_emeasure
2766 measure_space.measure_setsum_split -> setsum_emeasure_cover
2767 measure_space.measure_space_vimage -> emeasure_distr
2768 measure_space.measure_subadditive_finite -> emeasure_subadditive_finite
2769 measure_space.measure_subadditive -> subadditive
2770 measure_space.measure_top -> emeasure_space
2771 measure_space.measure_UN_eq_0 -> emeasure_UN_eq_0
2772 measure_space.measure_Un_null_set -> emeasure_Un_null_set
2773 measure_space.positive_integral_translated_density -> positive_integral_density
2774 measure_space.positive_integral_vimage -> positive_integral_distr
2775 measure_space.real_continuity_from_above -> Lim_measure_decseq
2776 measure_space.real_continuity_from_below -> Lim_measure_incseq
2777 measure_space.real_measure_countably_subadditive -> measure_subadditive_countably
2778 measure_space.real_measure_Diff -> measure_Diff
2779 measure_space.real_measure_finite_Union -> measure_finite_Union
2780 measure_space.real_measure_setsum_singleton -> measure_eq_setsum_singleton
2781 measure_space.real_measure_subadditive -> measure_subadditive
2782 measure_space.real_measure_Union -> measure_Union
2783 measure_space.real_measure_UNION -> measure_UNION
2784 measure_space.simple_function_vimage -> simple_function_comp
2785 measure_space.simple_integral_vimage -> simple_integral_distr
2786 measure_space.simple_integral_vimage -> simple_integral_distr
2787 measure_unique_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
2788 measure_unique_Int_stable_vimage -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
2789 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_cut_fst -> sets_Pair1
2790 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_cut_snd -> sets_Pair2
2791 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_pair_image_fst -> measurable_Pair1
2792 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_pair_image_snd -> measurable_Pair2
2793 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_product_swap -> measurable_pair_swap_iff
2794 pair_sigma_algebra.pair_sigma_algebra_measurable -> measurable_pair_swap
2795 pair_sigma_algebra.pair_sigma_algebra_swap_measurable -> measurable_pair_swap'
2796 pair_sigma_algebra.sets_swap -> sets_pair_swap
2797 pair_sigma_finite.measure_cut_measurable_fst -> pair_sigma_finite.measurable_emeasure_Pair1
2798 pair_sigma_finite.measure_cut_measurable_snd -> pair_sigma_finite.measurable_emeasure_Pair2
2799 pair_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_swap -> pair_sigma_finite.distr_pair_swap
2800 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_alt2 -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_alt2
2801 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_alt -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_alt
2802 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_times -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_Times
2803 prob_space.indep_distribution_eq_measure -> prob_space.indep_vars_iff_distr_eq_PiM
2804 prob_space.indep_var_distributionD -> prob_space.indep_var_distribution_eq
2805 prob_space.measure_space_1 -> prob_space.emeasure_space_1
2806 prob_space.prob_space_vimage -> prob_space_distr
2807 prob_space.random_variable_restrict -> measurable_restrict
2808 prob_space_unique_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_prob_space
2809 product_algebraE -> prod_algebraE_all
2810 product_algebra_generator_der -> prod_algebra_eq_finite
2811 product_algebra_generator_into_space -> prod_algebra_sets_into_space
2812 product_algebraI -> sets_PiM_I_finite
2813 product_measure_exists -> product_sigma_finite.sigma_finite
2814 product_prob_space.finite_index_eq_finite_product -> product_prob_space.sets_PiM_generator
2815 product_prob_space.finite_measure_infprod_emb_Pi -> product_prob_space.measure_PiM_emb
2816 product_prob_space.infprod_spec -> product_prob_space.emeasure_PiM_emb_not_empty
2817 product_prob_space.measurable_component -> measurable_component_singleton
2818 product_prob_space.measurable_emb -> measurable_prod_emb
2819 product_prob_space.measurable_into_infprod_algebra -> measurable_PiM_single
2820 product_prob_space.measurable_singleton_infprod -> measurable_component_singleton
2821 product_prob_space.measure_emb -> emeasure_prod_emb
2822 product_prob_space.measure_preserving_restrict -> product_prob_space.distr_restrict
2823 product_sigma_algebra.product_algebra_into_space -> space_closed
2824 product_sigma_finite.measure_fold -> product_sigma_finite.distr_merge
2825 product_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_component_singelton -> product_sigma_finite.distr_singleton
2826 product_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_merge -> product_sigma_finite.distr_merge
2827 sequence_space.measure_infprod -> sequence_space.measure_PiM_countable
2828 sets_product_algebra -> sets_PiM
2829 sigma_algebra.measurable_sigma -> measurable_measure_of
2830 sigma_finite_measure.disjoint_sigma_finite -> sigma_finite_disjoint
2831 sigma_finite_measure.RN_deriv_vimage -> sigma_finite_measure.RN_deriv_distr
2832 sigma_product_algebra_sigma_eq -> sigma_prod_algebra_sigma_eq
2833 space_product_algebra -> space_PiM
2835 * Session HOL-TPTP: support to parse and import TPTP problems (all
2836 languages) into Isabelle/HOL.
2841 * New "case_product" attribute (see HOL).
2846 * Greater support for structured proofs involving induction or case
2849 * Much greater use of mathematical symbols.
2851 * Removal of many ML theorem bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2856 * Antiquotation @{keyword "name"} produces a parser for outer syntax
2857 from a minor keyword introduced via theory header declaration.
2859 * Antiquotation @{command_spec "name"} produces the
2860 Outer_Syntax.command_spec from a major keyword introduced via theory
2861 header declaration; it can be passed to Outer_Syntax.command etc.
2863 * Local_Theory.define no longer hard-wires default theorem name
2864 "foo_def", but retains the binding as given. If that is Binding.empty
2865 / Attrib.empty_binding, the result is not registered as user-level
2866 fact. The Local_Theory.define_internal variant allows to specify a
2867 non-empty name (used for the foundation in the background theory),
2868 while omitting the fact binding in the user-context. Potential
2869 INCOMPATIBILITY for derived definitional packages: need to specify
2870 naming policy for primitive definitions more explicitly.
2872 * Renamed Thm.capply to Thm.apply, and Thm.cabs to Thm.lambda in
2873 conformance with similar operations in structure Term and Logic.
2875 * Antiquotation @{attributes [...]} embeds attribute source
2876 representation into the ML text, which is particularly useful with
2877 declarations like Local_Theory.note.
2879 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
2880 ProofContext has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2882 * Refined Local_Theory.declaration {syntax, pervasive}, with subtle
2883 change of semantics: update is applied to auxiliary local theory
2886 * Modernized some old-style infix operations:
2888 addeqcongs ~> Simplifier.add_eqcong
2889 deleqcongs ~> Simplifier.del_eqcong
2890 addcongs ~> Simplifier.add_cong
2891 delcongs ~> Simplifier.del_cong
2892 setmksimps ~> Simplifier.set_mksimps
2893 setmkcong ~> Simplifier.set_mkcong
2894 setmksym ~> Simplifier.set_mksym
2895 setmkeqTrue ~> Simplifier.set_mkeqTrue
2896 settermless ~> Simplifier.set_termless
2897 setsubgoaler ~> Simplifier.set_subgoaler
2898 addsplits ~> Splitter.add_split
2899 delsplits ~> Splitter.del_split
2904 * USER_HOME settings variable points to cross-platform user home
2905 directory, which coincides with HOME on POSIX systems only. Likewise,
2906 the Isabelle path specification "~" now expands to $USER_HOME, instead
2907 of former $HOME. A different default for USER_HOME may be set
2908 explicitly in shell environment, before Isabelle settings are
2909 evaluated. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: need to adapt Isabelle path where
2910 the generic user home was intended.
2912 * ISABELLE_HOME_WINDOWS refers to ISABELLE_HOME in windows file name
2913 notation, which is useful for the jEdit file browser, for example.
2915 * ISABELLE_JDK_HOME settings variable points to JDK with javac and jar
2920 New in Isabelle2011-1 (October 2011)
2921 ------------------------------------
2925 * Improved Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE (PIDE), which can be invoked as
2926 "isabelle jedit" or "ISABELLE_HOME/Isabelle" on the command line.
2928 - Management of multiple theory files directly from the editor
2929 buffer store -- bypassing the file-system (no requirement to save
2930 files for checking).
2932 - Markup of formal entities within the text buffer, with semantic
2933 highlighting, tooltips and hyperlinks to jump to defining source
2936 - Improved text rendering, with sub/superscripts in the source
2937 buffer (including support for copy/paste wrt. output panel, HTML
2938 theory output and other non-Isabelle text boxes).
2940 - Refined scheduling of proof checking and printing of results,
2941 based on interactive editor view. (Note: jEdit folding and
2942 narrowing allows to restrict buffer perspectives explicitly.)
2944 - Reduced CPU performance requirements, usable on machines with few
2947 - Reduced memory requirements due to pruning of unused document
2948 versions (garbage collection).
2950 See also ~~/src/Tools/jEdit/README.html for further information,
2951 including some remaining limitations.
2953 * Theory loader: source files are exclusively located via the master
2954 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
2955 The global load path (such as src/HOL/Library) has been discontinued.
2956 Note that the path element ~~ may be used to reference theories in the
2957 Isabelle home folder -- for instance, "~~/src/HOL/Library/FuncSet".
2960 * Theory loader: source files are identified by content via SHA1
2961 digests. Discontinued former path/modtime identification and optional
2962 ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT plugin scripts.
2964 * Parallelization of nested Isar proofs is subject to
2965 Goal.parallel_proofs_threshold (default 100). See also isabelle
2968 * Name space: former unsynchronized references are now proper
2969 configuration options, with more conventional names:
2971 long_names ~> names_long
2972 short_names ~> names_short
2973 unique_names ~> names_unique
2975 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, need to declare options in context like this:
2977 declare [[names_unique = false]]
2979 * Literal facts `prop` may contain dummy patterns, e.g. `_ = _`. Note
2980 that the result needs to be unique, which means fact specifications
2981 may have to be refined after enriching a proof context.
2983 * Attribute "case_names" has been refined: the assumptions in each case
2984 can be named now by following the case name with [name1 name2 ...].
2986 * Isabelle/Isar reference manual has been updated and extended:
2987 - "Synopsis" provides a catalog of main Isar language concepts.
2988 - Formal references in syntax diagrams, via @{rail} antiquotation.
2989 - Updated material from classic "ref" manual, notably about
2990 "Classical Reasoner".
2995 * Class bot and top require underlying partial order rather than
2996 preorder: uniqueness of bot and top is guaranteed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2998 * Class complete_lattice: generalized a couple of lemmas from sets;
2999 generalized theorems INF_cong and SUP_cong. New type classes for
3000 complete boolean algebras and complete linear orders. Lemmas
3001 Inf_less_iff, less_Sup_iff, INF_less_iff, less_SUP_iff now reside in
3002 class complete_linorder.
3004 Changed proposition of lemmas Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, Inf_fun_def,
3005 Sup_fun_def, Inf_apply, Sup_apply.
3007 Removed redundant lemmas (the right hand side gives hints how to
3008 replace them for (metis ...), or (simp only: ...) proofs):
3010 Inf_singleton ~> Inf_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Inf_empty inf_top_right]
3011 Sup_singleton ~> Sup_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Sup_empty sup_bot_right]
3012 Inf_binary ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
3013 Sup_binary ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
3014 Int_eq_Inter ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
3015 Un_eq_Union ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
3016 Inter_def ~> INF_def, image_def
3017 Union_def ~> SUP_def, image_def
3018 INT_eq ~> INF_def, and image_def
3019 UN_eq ~> SUP_def, and image_def
3020 INF_subset ~> INF_superset_mono [OF _ order_refl]
3022 More consistent and comprehensive names:
3024 INTER_eq_Inter_image ~> INF_def
3025 UNION_eq_Union_image ~> SUP_def
3028 INF_leI ~> INF_lower
3029 INF_leI2 ~> INF_lower2
3030 le_INFI ~> INF_greatest
3031 le_SUPI ~> SUP_upper
3032 le_SUPI2 ~> SUP_upper2
3033 SUP_leI ~> SUP_least
3034 INFI_bool_eq ~> INF_bool_eq
3035 SUPR_bool_eq ~> SUP_bool_eq
3036 INFI_apply ~> INF_apply
3037 SUPR_apply ~> SUP_apply
3038 INTER_def ~> INTER_eq
3039 UNION_def ~> UNION_eq
3043 * Renamed theory Complete_Lattice to Complete_Lattices.
3046 * Theory Complete_Lattices: lemmas Inf_eq_top_iff, INF_eq_top_iff,
3047 INF_image, Inf_insert, INF_top, Inf_top_conv, INF_top_conv, SUP_bot,
3048 Sup_bot_conv, SUP_bot_conv, Sup_eq_top_iff, SUP_eq_top_iff, SUP_image,
3049 Sup_insert are now declared as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3051 * Theory Lattice: lemmas compl_inf_bot, compl_le_comp_iff,
3052 compl_sup_top, inf_idem, inf_left_idem, inf_sup_absorb, sup_idem,
3053 sup_inf_absob, sup_left_idem are now declared as [simp]. Minor
3056 * Added syntactic classes "inf" and "sup" for the respective
3057 constants. INCOMPATIBILITY: Changes in the argument order of the
3058 (mostly internal) locale predicates for some derived classes.
3060 * Theorem collections ball_simps and bex_simps do not contain theorems
3061 referring to UNION any longer; these have been moved to collection
3062 UN_ball_bex_simps. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3064 * Theory Archimedean_Field: floor now is defined as parameter of a
3065 separate type class floor_ceiling.
3067 * Theory Finite_Set: more coherent development of fold_set locales:
3069 locale fun_left_comm ~> locale comp_fun_commute
3070 locale fun_left_comm_idem ~> locale comp_fun_idem
3072 Both use point-free characterization; interpretation proofs may need
3073 adjustment. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3075 * Theory Limits: Type "'a net" has been renamed to "'a filter", in
3076 accordance with standard mathematical terminology. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3078 * Theory Complex_Main: The locale interpretations for the
3079 bounded_linear and bounded_bilinear locales have been removed, in
3080 order to reduce the number of duplicate lemmas. Users must use the
3081 original names for distributivity theorems, potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3083 divide.add ~> add_divide_distrib
3084 divide.diff ~> diff_divide_distrib
3085 divide.setsum ~> setsum_divide_distrib
3086 mult.add_right ~> right_distrib
3087 mult.diff_right ~> right_diff_distrib
3088 mult_right.setsum ~> setsum_right_distrib
3089 mult_left.diff ~> left_diff_distrib
3091 * Theory Complex_Main: Several redundant theorems have been removed or
3092 replaced by more general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3094 real_diff_def ~> minus_real_def
3095 real_divide_def ~> divide_real_def
3096 real_less_def ~> less_le
3097 real_abs_def ~> abs_real_def
3098 real_sgn_def ~> sgn_real_def
3099 real_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
3100 real_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
3101 real_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
3102 real_add_mult_distrib ~> left_distrib
3103 real_zero_not_eq_one ~> zero_neq_one
3104 real_mult_inverse_left ~> left_inverse
3105 INVERSE_ZERO ~> inverse_zero
3106 real_le_refl ~> order_refl
3107 real_le_antisym ~> order_antisym
3108 real_le_trans ~> order_trans
3109 real_le_linear ~> linear
3110 real_le_eq_diff ~> le_iff_diff_le_0
3111 real_add_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
3112 real_mult_order ~> mult_pos_pos
3113 real_mult_less_mono2 ~> mult_strict_left_mono
3114 real_of_int_real_of_nat ~> real_of_int_of_nat_eq
3115 real_0_le_divide_iff ~> zero_le_divide_iff
3116 realpow_two_disj ~> power2_eq_iff
3117 real_squared_diff_one_factored ~> square_diff_one_factored
3118 realpow_two_diff ~> square_diff_square_factored
3119 reals_complete2 ~> complete_real
3120 real_sum_squared_expand ~> power2_sum
3121 exp_ln_eq ~> ln_unique
3123 expi_zero ~> exp_zero
3124 lemma_DERIV_subst ~> DERIV_cong
3125 LIMSEQ_Zfun_iff ~> tendsto_Zfun_iff
3126 LIMSEQ_const ~> tendsto_const
3127 LIMSEQ_norm ~> tendsto_norm
3128 LIMSEQ_add ~> tendsto_add
3129 LIMSEQ_minus ~> tendsto_minus
3130 LIMSEQ_minus_cancel ~> tendsto_minus_cancel
3131 LIMSEQ_diff ~> tendsto_diff
3132 bounded_linear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
3133 bounded_bilinear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
3134 LIMSEQ_mult ~> tendsto_mult
3135 LIMSEQ_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
3136 LIMSEQ_divide ~> tendsto_divide
3137 LIMSEQ_pow ~> tendsto_power
3138 LIMSEQ_setsum ~> tendsto_setsum
3139 LIMSEQ_setprod ~> tendsto_setprod
3140 LIMSEQ_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
3141 LIMSEQ_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
3142 LIMSEQ_imp_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
3143 LIMSEQ_add_minus ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_minus]
3144 LIMSEQ_add_const ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_const]
3145 LIMSEQ_diff_const ~> tendsto_diff [OF _ tendsto_const]
3146 LIMSEQ_Complex ~> tendsto_Complex
3147 LIM_ident ~> tendsto_ident_at
3148 LIM_const ~> tendsto_const
3149 LIM_add ~> tendsto_add
3150 LIM_add_zero ~> tendsto_add_zero
3151 LIM_minus ~> tendsto_minus
3152 LIM_diff ~> tendsto_diff
3153 LIM_norm ~> tendsto_norm
3154 LIM_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero
3155 LIM_norm_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_norm_zero_cancel
3156 LIM_norm_zero_iff ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
3157 LIM_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
3158 LIM_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero
3159 LIM_rabs_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_cancel
3160 LIM_rabs_zero_iff ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
3161 LIM_compose ~> tendsto_compose
3162 LIM_mult ~> tendsto_mult
3163 LIM_scaleR ~> tendsto_scaleR
3164 LIM_of_real ~> tendsto_of_real
3165 LIM_power ~> tendsto_power
3166 LIM_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
3167 LIM_sgn ~> tendsto_sgn
3168 isCont_LIM_compose ~> isCont_tendsto_compose
3169 bounded_linear.LIM ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
3170 bounded_linear.LIM_zero ~> bounded_linear.tendsto_zero
3171 bounded_bilinear.LIM ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
3172 bounded_bilinear.LIM_prod_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_zero
3173 bounded_bilinear.LIM_left_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_left_zero
3174 bounded_bilinear.LIM_right_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_right_zero
3175 LIM_inverse_fun ~> tendsto_inverse [OF tendsto_ident_at]
3177 * Theory Complex_Main: The definition of infinite series was
3178 generalized. Now it is defined on the type class {topological_space,
3179 comm_monoid_add}. Hence it is useable also for extended real numbers.
3181 * Theory Complex_Main: The complex exponential function "expi" is now
3182 a type-constrained abbreviation for "exp :: complex => complex"; thus
3183 several polymorphic lemmas about "exp" are now applicable to "expi".
3187 - Theory Library/Code_Char_ord provides native ordering of
3188 characters in the target language.
3190 - Commands code_module and code_library are legacy, use export_code
3193 - Method "evaluation" is legacy, use method "eval" instead.
3195 - Legacy evaluator "SML" is deactivated by default. May be
3196 reactivated by the following theory command:
3198 setup {* Value.add_evaluator ("SML", Codegen.eval_term) *}
3200 * Declare ext [intro] by default. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
3202 * New proof method "induction" that gives induction hypotheses the
3203 name "IH", thus distinguishing them from further hypotheses that come
3204 from rule induction. The latter are still called "hyps". Method
3205 "induction" is a thin wrapper around "induct" and follows the same
3208 * Method "fastsimp" has been renamed to "fastforce", but "fastsimp" is
3209 still available as a legacy feature for some time.
3212 - Added "need" and "total_consts" options.
3213 - Reintroduced "show_skolems" option by popular demand.
3214 - Renamed attribute: nitpick_def ~> nitpick_unfold.
3218 - Use quasi-sound (and efficient) translations by default.
3219 - Added support for the following provers: E-ToFoF, LEO-II,
3220 Satallax, SNARK, Waldmeister, and Z3 with TPTP syntax.
3221 - Automatically preplay and minimize proofs before showing them if
3222 this can be done within reasonable time.
3223 - sledgehammer available_provers ~> sledgehammer supported_provers.
3225 - Added "preplay_timeout", "slicing", "type_enc", "sound",
3226 "max_mono_iters", and "max_new_mono_instances" options.
3227 - Removed "explicit_apply" and "full_types" options as well as "Full
3228 Types" Proof General menu item. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3231 - Removed "metisF" -- use "metis" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3232 - Obsoleted "metisFT" -- use "metis (full_types)" instead.
3236 - Renamed 'try_methods' and added "simp:", "intro:", "dest:", and
3237 "elim:" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3238 - Introduced 'try' that not only runs 'try_methods' but also
3239 'solve_direct', 'sledgehammer', 'quickcheck', and 'nitpick'.
3242 - Added "eval" option to evaluate terms for the found counterexample
3243 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
3244 - Added post-processing of terms to obtain readable counterexamples
3245 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
3246 - New counterexample generator quickcheck[narrowing] enables
3247 narrowing-based testing. Requires the Glasgow Haskell compiler
3248 with its installation location defined in the Isabelle settings
3249 environment as ISABELLE_GHC.
3250 - Removed quickcheck tester "SML" based on the SML code generator
3251 (formly in HOL/Library).
3253 * Function package: discontinued option "tailrec". INCOMPATIBILITY,
3254 use 'partial_function' instead.
3256 * Theory Library/Extended_Reals replaces now the positive extended
3257 reals found in probability theory. This file is extended by
3258 Multivariate_Analysis/Extended_Real_Limits.
3260 * Theory Library/Old_Recdef: old 'recdef' package has been moved here,
3261 from where it must be imported explicitly if it is really required.
3264 * Theory Library/Wfrec: well-founded recursion combinator "wfrec" has
3265 been moved here. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3267 * Theory Library/Saturated provides type of numbers with saturated
3270 * Theory Library/Product_Lattice defines a pointwise ordering for the
3271 product type 'a * 'b, and provides instance proofs for various order
3272 and lattice type classes.
3274 * Theory Library/Countable now provides the "countable_datatype" proof
3275 method for proving "countable" class instances for datatypes.
3277 * Theory Library/Cset_Monad allows do notation for computable sets
3278 (cset) via the generic monad ad-hoc overloading facility.
3280 * Library: Theories of common data structures are split into theories
3281 for implementation, an invariant-ensuring type, and connection to an
3282 abstract type. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3284 - RBT is split into RBT and RBT_Mapping.
3285 - AssocList is split and renamed into AList and AList_Mapping.
3286 - DList is split into DList_Impl, DList, and DList_Cset.
3287 - Cset is split into Cset and List_Cset.
3289 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity has been renamed to
3290 Library/Extended_Nat, with name changes of the following types and
3293 type inat ~> type enat
3295 Infty ~> infinity (overloaded)
3299 Every theorem name containing "inat", "Fin", "Infty", or "iSuc" has
3300 been renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3302 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: The euclidean_space type class now
3303 fixes a constant "Basis :: 'a set" consisting of the standard
3304 orthonormal basis for the type. Users now have the option of
3305 quantifying over this set instead of using the "basis" function, e.g.
3306 "ALL x:Basis. P x" vs "ALL i<DIM('a). P (basis i)".
3308 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Type "('a, 'b) cart" has been renamed
3309 to "('a, 'b) vec" (the syntax "'a ^ 'b" remains unaffected). Constants
3310 "Cart_nth" and "Cart_lambda" have been respectively renamed to
3311 "vec_nth" and "vec_lambda"; theorems mentioning those names have
3312 changed to match. Definition theorems for overloaded constants now use
3313 the standard "foo_vec_def" naming scheme. A few other theorems have
3314 been renamed as follows (INCOMPATIBILITY):
3316 Cart_eq ~> vec_eq_iff
3317 dist_nth_le_cart ~> dist_vec_nth_le
3318 tendsto_vector ~> vec_tendstoI
3319 Cauchy_vector ~> vec_CauchyI
3321 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Several duplicate theorems have been
3322 removed, and other theorems have been renamed or replaced with more
3323 general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3325 finite_choice ~> finite_set_choice
3326 eventually_conjI ~> eventually_conj
3327 eventually_and ~> eventually_conj_iff
3328 eventually_false ~> eventually_False
3329 setsum_norm ~> norm_setsum
3330 Lim_sequentially ~> LIMSEQ_def
3331 Lim_ident_at ~> LIM_ident
3332 Lim_const ~> tendsto_const
3333 Lim_cmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF tendsto_const]
3334 Lim_neg ~> tendsto_minus
3335 Lim_add ~> tendsto_add
3336 Lim_sub ~> tendsto_diff
3337 Lim_mul ~> tendsto_scaleR
3338 Lim_vmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF _ tendsto_const]
3339 Lim_null_norm ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff [symmetric]
3340 Lim_linear ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
3341 Lim_component ~> tendsto_euclidean_component
3342 Lim_component_cart ~> tendsto_vec_nth
3343 Lim_inner ~> tendsto_inner [OF tendsto_const]
3344 dot_lsum ~> inner_setsum_left
3345 dot_rsum ~> inner_setsum_right
3346 continuous_cmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF continuous_const]
3347 continuous_neg ~> continuous_minus
3348 continuous_sub ~> continuous_diff
3349 continuous_vmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF _ continuous_const]
3350 continuous_mul ~> continuous_scaleR
3351 continuous_inv ~> continuous_inverse
3352 continuous_at_within_inv ~> continuous_at_within_inverse
3353 continuous_at_inv ~> continuous_at_inverse
3354 continuous_at_norm ~> continuous_norm [OF continuous_at_id]
3355 continuous_at_infnorm ~> continuous_infnorm [OF continuous_at_id]
3356 continuous_at_component ~> continuous_component [OF continuous_at_id]
3357 continuous_on_neg ~> continuous_on_minus
3358 continuous_on_sub ~> continuous_on_diff
3359 continuous_on_cmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF continuous_on_const]
3360 continuous_on_vmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF _ continuous_on_const]
3361 continuous_on_mul ~> continuous_on_scaleR
3362 continuous_on_mul_real ~> continuous_on_mult
3363 continuous_on_inner ~> continuous_on_inner [OF continuous_on_const]
3364 continuous_on_norm ~> continuous_on_norm [OF continuous_on_id]
3365 continuous_on_inverse ~> continuous_on_inv
3366 uniformly_continuous_on_neg ~> uniformly_continuous_on_minus
3367 uniformly_continuous_on_sub ~> uniformly_continuous_on_diff
3368 subset_interior ~> interior_mono
3369 subset_closure ~> closure_mono
3370 closure_univ ~> closure_UNIV
3371 real_arch_lt ~> reals_Archimedean2
3372 real_arch ~> reals_Archimedean3
3373 real_abs_norm ~> abs_norm_cancel
3374 real_abs_sub_norm ~> norm_triangle_ineq3
3375 norm_cauchy_schwarz_abs ~> Cauchy_Schwarz_ineq2
3377 * Session HOL-Probability:
3378 - Caratheodory's extension lemma is now proved for ring_of_sets.
3379 - Infinite products of probability measures are now available.
3380 - Sigma closure is independent, if the generator is independent
3381 - Use extended reals instead of positive extended
3382 reals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3384 * Session HOLCF: Discontinued legacy theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
3386 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
3387 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
3388 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
3389 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
3390 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
3391 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
3392 monofun_fun_fun ~> fun_belowD
3393 monofun_fun_arg ~> monofunE
3394 monofun_lub_fun ~> adm_monofun [THEN admD]
3395 cont_lub_fun ~> adm_cont [THEN admD]
3396 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
3397 cont_Rep_CFun_app ~> cont_APP_app
3398 cont_Rep_CFun_app_app ~> cont_APP_app_app
3399 cont_cfun_fun ~> cont_Rep_cfun1 [THEN contE]
3400 cont_cfun_arg ~> cont_Rep_cfun2 [THEN contE]
3401 contlub_cfun ~> lub_APP [symmetric]
3402 contlub_LAM ~> lub_LAM [symmetric]
3405 lift_distinct1 ~> lift.distinct(1)
3406 lift_distinct2 ~> lift.distinct(2)
3407 Def_not_UU ~> lift.distinct(2)
3408 Def_inject ~> lift.inject
3409 below_UU_iff ~> below_bottom_iff
3410 eq_UU_iff ~> eq_bottom_iff
3413 *** Document preparation ***
3415 * Antiquotation @{rail} layouts railroad syntax diagrams, see also
3416 isar-ref manual, both for description and actual application of the
3419 * Antiquotation @{value} evaluates the given term and presents its
3422 * Antiquotations: term style "isub" provides ad-hoc conversion of
3423 variables x1, y23 into subscripted form x\<^isub>1,
3424 y\<^isub>2\<^isub>3.
3426 * Predefined LaTeX macros for Isabelle symbols \<bind> and \<then>
3427 (e.g. see ~~/src/HOL/Library/Monad_Syntax.thy).
3429 * Localized \isabellestyle switch can be used within blocks or groups
3432 \isabellestyle{it} %preferred default
3433 {\isabellestylett @{text "typewriter stuff"}}
3435 * Discontinued special treatment of hard tabulators. Implicit
3436 tab-width is now defined as 1. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY for visual
3442 * The inner syntax of sort/type/term/prop supports inlined YXML
3443 representations within quoted string tokens. By encoding logical
3444 entities via Term_XML (in ML or Scala) concrete syntax can be
3445 bypassed, which is particularly useful for producing bits of text
3446 under external program control.
3448 * Antiquotations for ML and document preparation are managed as theory
3449 data, which requires explicit setup.
3451 * Isabelle_Process.is_active allows tools to check if the official
3452 process wrapper is running (Isabelle/Scala/jEdit) or the old TTY loop
3453 (better known as Proof General).
3455 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
3456 ProofContext is still available for some time as legacy alias.
3458 * Structure Timing provides various operations for timing; supersedes
3459 former start_timing/end_timing etc.
3461 * Path.print is the official way to show file-system paths to users
3462 (including quotes etc.).
3464 * Inner syntax: identifiers in parse trees of generic categories
3465 "logic", "aprop", "idt" etc. carry position information (disguised as
3466 type constraints). Occasional INCOMPATIBILITY with non-compliant
3467 translations that choke on unexpected type constraints. Positions can
3468 be stripped in ML translations via Syntax.strip_positions /
3469 Syntax.strip_positions_ast, or via the syntax constant
3470 "_strip_positions" within parse trees. As last resort, positions can
3471 be disabled via the configuration option Syntax.positions, which is
3472 called "syntax_positions" in Isar attribute syntax.
3474 * Discontinued special status of various ML structures that contribute
3475 to structure Syntax (Ast, Lexicon, Mixfix, Parser, Printer etc.): less
3476 pervasive content, no inclusion in structure Syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY,
3477 refer directly to Ast.Constant, Lexicon.is_identifier,
3478 Syntax_Trans.mk_binder_tr etc.
3480 * Typed print translation: discontinued show_sorts argument, which is
3481 already available via context of "advanced" translation.
3483 * Refined PARALLEL_GOALS tactical: degrades gracefully for schematic
3484 goal states; body tactic needs to address all subgoals uniformly.
3486 * Slightly more special eq_list/eq_set, with shortcut involving
3487 pointer equality (assumes that eq relation is reflexive).
3489 * Classical tactics use proper Proof.context instead of historic types
3490 claset/clasimpset. Old-style declarations like addIs, addEs, addDs
3491 operate directly on Proof.context. Raw type claset retains its use as
3492 snapshot of the classical context, which can be recovered via
3493 (put_claset HOL_cs) etc. Type clasimpset has been discontinued.
3494 INCOMPATIBILITY, classical tactics and derived proof methods require
3495 proper Proof.context.
3500 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.2, which was the last version
3501 without proper multithreading and TimeLimit implementation.
3503 * Discontinued old lib/scripts/polyml-platform, which has been
3504 obsolete since Isabelle2009-2.
3506 * Various optional external tools are referenced more robustly and
3507 uniformly by explicit Isabelle settings as follows:
3509 ISABELLE_CSDP (formerly CSDP_EXE)
3510 ISABELLE_GHC (formerly EXEC_GHC or GHC_PATH)
3511 ISABELLE_OCAML (formerly EXEC_OCAML)
3512 ISABELLE_SWIPL (formerly EXEC_SWIPL)
3513 ISABELLE_YAP (formerly EXEC_YAP)
3515 Note that automated detection from the file-system or search path has
3516 been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3518 * Scala layer provides JVM method invocation service for static
3519 methods of type (String)String, see Invoke_Scala.method in ML. For
3522 Invoke_Scala.method "java.lang.System.getProperty" "java.home"
3524 Together with YXML.string_of_body/parse_body and XML.Encode/Decode
3525 this allows to pass structured values between ML and Scala.
3527 * The IsabelleText fonts includes some further glyphs to support the
3528 Prover IDE. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: users who happen to have
3529 installed a local copy (which is normally *not* required) need to
3530 delete or update it from ~~/lib/fonts/.
3534 New in Isabelle2011 (January 2011)
3535 ----------------------------------
3539 * Experimental Prover IDE based on Isabelle/Scala and jEdit (see
3540 src/Tools/jEdit). This also serves as IDE for Isabelle/ML, with
3541 useful tooltips and hyperlinks produced from its static analysis. The
3542 bundled component provides an executable Isabelle tool that can be run
3545 Isabelle2011/bin/isabelle jedit
3547 * Significantly improved Isabelle/Isar implementation manual.
3549 * System settings: ISABELLE_HOME_USER now includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER
3550 (and thus refers to something like $HOME/.isabelle/Isabelle2011),
3551 while the default heap location within that directory lacks that extra
3552 suffix. This isolates multiple Isabelle installations from each
3553 other, avoiding problems with old settings in new versions.
3554 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to copy/upgrade old user settings manually.
3556 * Source files are always encoded as UTF-8, instead of old-fashioned
3557 ISO-Latin-1. INCOMPATIBILITY. Isabelle LaTeX documents might require
3558 the following package declarations:
3560 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
3561 \usepackage{textcomp}
3563 * Explicit treatment of UTF-8 sequences as Isabelle symbols, such that
3564 a Unicode character is treated as a single symbol, not a sequence of
3565 non-ASCII bytes as before. Since Isabelle/ML string literals may
3566 contain symbols without further backslash escapes, Unicode can now be
3567 used here as well. Recall that Symbol.explode in ML provides a
3568 consistent view on symbols, while raw explode (or String.explode)
3569 merely give a byte-oriented representation.
3571 * Theory loader: source files are primarily located via the master
3572 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
3573 The global load path is still partially available as legacy feature.
3574 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY due to subtle change in file lookup: use
3575 explicit paths, relatively to the theory.
3577 * Special treatment of ML file names has been discontinued.
3578 Historically, optional extensions .ML or .sml were added on demand --
3579 at the cost of clarity of file dependencies. Recall that Isabelle/ML
3580 files exclusively use the .ML extension. Minor INCOMPATIBILTY.
3582 * Various options that affect pretty printing etc. are now properly
3583 handled within the context via configuration options, instead of
3584 unsynchronized references or print modes. There are both ML Config.T
3585 entities and Isar declaration attributes to access these.
3587 ML (Config.T) Isar (attribute)
3589 eta_contract eta_contract
3590 show_brackets show_brackets
3591 show_sorts show_sorts
3592 show_types show_types
3593 show_question_marks show_question_marks
3594 show_consts show_consts
3595 show_abbrevs show_abbrevs
3597 Syntax.ast_trace syntax_ast_trace
3598 Syntax.ast_stat syntax_ast_stat
3599 Syntax.ambiguity_level syntax_ambiguity_level
3601 Goal_Display.goals_limit goals_limit
3602 Goal_Display.show_main_goal show_main_goal
3604 Method.rule_trace rule_trace
3606 Thy_Output.display thy_output_display
3607 Thy_Output.quotes thy_output_quotes
3608 Thy_Output.indent thy_output_indent
3609 Thy_Output.source thy_output_source
3610 Thy_Output.break thy_output_break
3612 Note that corresponding "..._default" references in ML may only be
3613 changed globally at the ROOT session setup, but *not* within a theory.
3614 The option "show_abbrevs" supersedes the former print mode
3615 "no_abbrevs" with inverted meaning.
3617 * More systematic naming of some configuration options.
3620 trace_simp ~> simp_trace
3621 debug_simp ~> simp_debug
3623 * Support for real valued configuration options, using simplistic
3624 floating-point notation that coincides with the inner syntax for
3627 * Support for real valued preferences (with approximative PGIP type):
3628 front-ends need to accept "pgint" values in float notation.
3631 * The IsabelleText font now includes Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic from
3634 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.0 and 5.1 versions.
3639 * Command 'type_synonym' (with single argument) replaces somewhat
3640 outdated 'types', which is still available as legacy feature for some
3643 * Command 'nonterminal' (with 'and' separated list of arguments)
3644 replaces somewhat outdated 'nonterminals'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3646 * Command 'notepad' replaces former 'example_proof' for
3647 experimentation in Isar without any result. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3649 * Locale interpretation commands 'interpret' and 'sublocale' accept
3650 lists of equations to map definitions in a locale to appropriate
3651 entities in the context of the interpretation. The 'interpretation'
3652 command already provided this functionality.
3654 * Diagnostic command 'print_dependencies' prints the locale instances
3655 that would be activated if the specified expression was interpreted in
3656 the current context. Variant "print_dependencies!" assumes a context
3657 without interpretations.
3659 * Diagnostic command 'print_interps' prints interpretations in proofs
3660 in addition to interpretations in theories.
3662 * Discontinued obsolete 'global' and 'local' commands to manipulate
3663 the theory name space. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY. The ML functions
3664 Sign.root_path and Sign.local_path may be applied directly where this
3665 feature is still required for historical reasons.
3667 * Discontinued obsolete 'constdefs' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
3668 'definition' instead.
3670 * The "prems" fact, which refers to the accidental collection of
3671 foundational premises in the context, is now explicitly marked as
3672 legacy feature and will be discontinued soon. Consider using "assms"
3673 of the head statement or reference facts by explicit names.
3675 * Document antiquotations @{class} and @{type} print classes and type
3678 * Document antiquotation @{file} checks file/directory entries within
3679 the local file system.
3684 * Coercive subtyping: functions can be declared as coercions and type
3685 inference will add them as necessary upon input of a term. Theory
3686 Complex_Main declares real :: nat => real and real :: int => real as
3687 coercions. A coercion function f is declared like this:
3689 declare [[coercion f]]
3691 To lift coercions through type constructors (e.g. from nat => real to
3692 nat list => real list), map functions can be declared, e.g.
3694 declare [[coercion_map map]]
3696 Currently coercion inference is activated only in theories including
3697 real numbers, i.e. descendants of Complex_Main. This is controlled by
3698 the configuration option "coercion_enabled", e.g. it can be enabled in
3699 other theories like this:
3701 declare [[coercion_enabled]]
3703 * Command 'partial_function' provides basic support for recursive
3704 function definitions over complete partial orders. Concrete instances
3705 are provided for i) the option type, ii) tail recursion on arbitrary
3706 types, and iii) the heap monad of Imperative_HOL. See
3707 src/HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy and src/HOL/Imperative_HOL/ex/Linked_Lists.thy
3710 * Function package: f.psimps rules are no longer implicitly declared
3711 as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3713 * Datatype package: theorems generated for executable equality (class
3714 "eq") carry proper names and are treated as default code equations.
3716 * Inductive package: now offers command 'inductive_simps' to
3717 automatically derive instantiated and simplified equations for
3718 inductive predicates, similar to 'inductive_cases'.
3720 * Command 'enriched_type' allows to register properties of the
3721 functorial structure of types.
3723 * Improved infrastructure for term evaluation using code generator
3724 techniques, in particular static evaluation conversions.
3726 * Code generator: Scala (2.8 or higher) has been added to the target
3729 * Code generator: globbing constant expressions "*" and "Theory.*"
3730 have been replaced by the more idiomatic "_" and "Theory._".
3733 * Code generator: export_code without explicit file declaration prints
3734 to standard output. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3736 * Code generator: do not print function definitions for case
3737 combinators any longer.
3739 * Code generator: simplification with rules determined with
3740 src/Tools/Code/code_simp.ML and method "code_simp".
3742 * Code generator for records: more idiomatic representation of record
3743 types. Warning: records are not covered by ancient SML code
3744 generation any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY. In cases of need, a suitable
3745 rep_datatype declaration helps to succeed then:
3749 rep_datatype foo_ext ...
3751 * Records: logical foundation type for records does not carry a
3752 '_type' suffix any longer (obsolete due to authentic syntax).
3755 * Quickcheck now by default uses exhaustive testing instead of random
3756 testing. Random testing can be invoked by "quickcheck [random]",
3757 exhaustive testing by "quickcheck [exhaustive]".
3759 * Quickcheck instantiates polymorphic types with small finite
3760 datatypes by default. This enables a simple execution mechanism to
3761 handle quantifiers and function equality over the finite datatypes.
3763 * Quickcheck random generator has been renamed from "code" to
3764 "random". INCOMPATIBILITY.
3766 * Quickcheck now has a configurable time limit which is set to 30
3767 seconds by default. This can be changed by adding [timeout = n] to the
3768 quickcheck command. The time limit for Auto Quickcheck is still set
3771 * Quickcheck in locales considers interpretations of that locale for
3772 counter example search.
3775 - Added "smt" and "remote_smt" provers based on the "smt" proof
3776 method. See the Sledgehammer manual for details ("isabelle doc
3779 sledgehammer atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_provers
3780 sledgehammer atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_provers
3781 sledgehammer available_atps ~> sledgehammer available_provers
3784 sledgehammer [atps = ...] ~> sledgehammer [provers = ...]
3785 sledgehammer [atp = ...] ~> sledgehammer [prover = ...]
3786 sledgehammer [timeout = 77 s] ~> sledgehammer [timeout = 77]
3787 (and "ms" and "min" are no longer supported)
3792 nitpick [timeout = 77 s] ~> nitpick [timeout = 77]
3793 nitpick [tac_timeout = 777 ms] ~> nitpick [tac_timeout = 0.777]
3795 - Added support for partial quotient types.
3796 - Added local versions of the "Nitpick.register_xxx" functions.
3797 - Added "whack" option.
3798 - Allow registration of quotient types as codatatypes.
3799 - Improved "merge_type_vars" option to merge more types.
3800 - Removed unsound "fast_descrs" option.
3801 - Added custom symmetry breaking for datatypes, making it possible to reach
3802 higher cardinalities.
3803 - Prevent the expansion of too large definitions.
3805 * Proof methods "metis" and "meson" now have configuration options
3806 "meson_trace", "metis_trace", and "metis_verbose" that can be enabled
3807 to diagnose these tools. E.g.
3809 using [[metis_trace = true]]
3811 * Auto Solve: Renamed "Auto Solve Direct". The tool is now available
3812 manually as command 'solve_direct'.
3814 * The default SMT solver Z3 must be enabled explicitly (due to
3815 licensing issues) by setting the environment variable
3816 Z3_NON_COMMERCIAL in etc/settings of the component, for example. For
3817 commercial applications, the SMT solver CVC3 is provided as fall-back;
3818 changing the SMT solver is done via the configuration option
3821 * Remote SMT solvers need to be referred to by the "remote_" prefix,
3822 i.e. "remote_cvc3" and "remote_z3".
3824 * Added basic SMT support for datatypes, records, and typedefs using
3825 the oracle mode (no proofs). Direct support of pairs has been dropped
3826 in exchange (pass theorems fst_conv snd_conv pair_collapse to the SMT
3827 support for a similar behavior). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3829 * Changed SMT configuration options:
3831 z3_proofs ~> smt_oracle (with inverted meaning)
3832 z3_trace_assms ~> smt_trace_used_facts
3845 * Boogie output files (.b2i files) need to be declared in the theory
3848 * Simplification procedure "list_to_set_comprehension" rewrites list
3849 comprehensions applied to List.set to set comprehensions. Occasional
3850 INCOMPATIBILITY, may be deactivated like this:
3852 declare [[simproc del: list_to_set_comprehension]]
3854 * Removed old version of primrec package. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3856 * Removed simplifier congruence rule of "prod_case", as has for long
3857 been the case with "split". INCOMPATIBILITY.
3859 * String.literal is a type, but not a datatype. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3861 * Removed [split_format ... and ... and ...] version of
3862 [split_format]. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3864 * Predicate "sorted" now defined inductively, with nice induction
3865 rules. INCOMPATIBILITY: former sorted.simps now named sorted_simps.
3867 * Constant "contents" renamed to "the_elem", to free the generic name
3868 contents for other uses. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3870 * Renamed class eq and constant eq (for code generation) to class
3871 equal and constant equal, plus renaming of related facts and various
3872 tuning. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3874 * Dropped type classes mult_mono and mult_mono1. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3876 * Removed output syntax "'a ~=> 'b" for "'a => 'b option".
3879 * Renamed theory Fset to Cset, type Fset.fset to Cset.set, in order to
3880 avoid confusion with finite sets. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3882 * Abandoned locales equiv, congruent and congruent2 for equivalence
3883 relations. INCOMPATIBILITY: use equivI rather than equiv_intro (same
3886 * Some previously unqualified names have been qualified:
3893 Trueprop ~> HOL.Trueprop
3898 op --> ~> HOL.implies
3910 Pair ~> Product_Type.Pair
3911 fst ~> Product_Type.fst
3912 snd ~> Product_Type.snd
3913 curry ~> Product_Type.curry
3915 Collect ~> Set.Collect
3919 * More canonical naming convention for some fundamental definitions:
3921 bot_bool_eq ~> bot_bool_def
3922 top_bool_eq ~> top_bool_def
3923 inf_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_def
3924 sup_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_def
3925 bot_fun_eq ~> bot_fun_def
3926 top_fun_eq ~> top_fun_def
3927 inf_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_def
3928 sup_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_def
3932 * More stylized fact names:
3934 expand_fun_eq ~> fun_eq_iff
3935 expand_set_eq ~> set_eq_iff
3937 nat_number ~> eval_nat_numeral
3941 * Refactoring of code-generation specific operations in theory List:
3947 mem_iff ~> member_def
3948 null_empty ~> null_def
3950 INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that these were not supposed to be used
3951 regularly unless for striking reasons; their main purpose was code
3954 Various operations from the Haskell prelude are used for generating
3957 * Term "bij f" is now an abbreviation of "bij_betw f UNIV UNIV". Term
3958 "surj f" is now an abbreviation of "range f = UNIV". The theorems
3959 bij_def and surj_def are unchanged. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3961 * Abolished some non-alphabetic type names: "prod" and "sum" replace
3962 "*" and "+" respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3964 * Name "Plus" of disjoint sum operator "<+>" is now hidden. Write
3965 "Sum_Type.Plus" instead.
3967 * Constant "split" has been merged with constant "prod_case"; names of
3968 ML functions, facts etc. involving split have been retained so far,
3969 though. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3971 * Dropped old infix syntax "_ mem _" for List.member; use "_ : set _"
3972 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3974 * Removed lemma "Option.is_none_none" which duplicates "is_none_def".
3977 * Former theory Library/Enum is now part of the HOL-Main image.
3978 INCOMPATIBILITY: all constants of the Enum theory now have to be
3979 referred to by its qualified name.
3982 nlists ~> Enum.nlists
3983 product ~> Enum.product
3985 * Theory Library/Monad_Syntax provides do-syntax for monad types.
3986 Syntax in Library/State_Monad has been changed to avoid ambiguities.
3989 * Theory Library/SetsAndFunctions has been split into
3990 Library/Function_Algebras and Library/Set_Algebras; canonical names
3991 for instance definitions for functions; various improvements.
3994 * Theory Library/Multiset provides stable quicksort implementation of
3997 * Theory Library/Multiset: renamed empty_idemp ~> empty_neutral.
4000 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: introduced a type class for euclidean
4001 space. Most theorems are now stated in terms of euclidean spaces
4002 instead of finite cartesian products.
4005 real ^ 'n ~> 'a::real_vector
4006 ~> 'a::euclidean_space
4007 ~> 'a::ordered_euclidean_space
4008 (depends on your needs)
4012 \<chi> x. _ ~> \<chi>\<chi> x. _
4015 Also note that the indices are now natural numbers and not from some
4016 finite type. Finite cartesian products of euclidean spaces, products
4017 of euclidean spaces the real and complex numbers are instantiated to
4018 be euclidean_spaces. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4020 * Session Probability: introduced pextreal as positive extended real
4021 numbers. Use pextreal as value for measures. Introduce the
4022 Radon-Nikodym derivative, product spaces and Fubini's theorem for
4023 arbitrary sigma finite measures. Introduces Lebesgue measure based on
4024 the integral in Multivariate Analysis. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4026 * Session Imperative_HOL: revamped, corrected dozens of inadequacies.
4029 * Session SPARK (with image HOL-SPARK) provides commands to load and
4030 prove verification conditions generated by the SPARK Ada program
4031 verifier. See also src/HOL/SPARK and src/HOL/SPARK/Examples.
4036 * Theorems for additive ring operations (locale abelian_monoid and
4037 descendants) are generated by interpretation from their multiplicative
4038 counterparts. Names (in particular theorem names) have the mandatory
4039 qualifier 'add'. Previous theorem names are redeclared for
4042 * Structure "int_ring" is now an abbreviation (previously a
4043 definition). This fits more natural with advanced interpretations.
4048 * The domain package now runs in definitional mode by default: The
4049 former command 'new_domain' is now called 'domain'. To use the domain
4050 package in its original axiomatic mode, use 'domain (unsafe)'.
4053 * The new class "domain" is now the default sort. Class "predomain"
4054 is an unpointed version of "domain". Theories can be updated by
4055 replacing sort annotations as shown below. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4057 'a::type ~> 'a::countable
4058 'a::cpo ~> 'a::predomain
4059 'a::pcpo ~> 'a::domain
4061 * The old type class "rep" has been superseded by class "domain".
4062 Accordingly, users of the definitional package must remove any
4063 "default_sort rep" declarations. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4065 * The domain package (definitional mode) now supports unpointed
4066 predomain argument types, as long as they are marked 'lazy'. (Strict
4067 arguments must be in class "domain".) For example, the following
4068 domain definition now works:
4070 domain natlist = nil | cons (lazy "nat discr") (lazy "natlist")
4072 * Theory HOLCF/Library/HOL_Cpo provides cpo and predomain class
4073 instances for types from main HOL: bool, nat, int, char, 'a + 'b,
4074 'a option, and 'a list. Additionally, it configures fixrec and the
4075 domain package to work with these types. For example:
4077 fixrec isInl :: "('a + 'b) u -> tr"
4078 where "isInl$(up$(Inl x)) = TT" | "isInl$(up$(Inr y)) = FF"
4080 domain V = VFun (lazy "V -> V") | VCon (lazy "nat") (lazy "V list")
4082 * The "(permissive)" option of fixrec has been replaced with a
4083 per-equation "(unchecked)" option. See
4084 src/HOL/HOLCF/Tutorial/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4086 * The "bifinite" class no longer fixes a constant "approx"; the class
4087 now just asserts that such a function exists. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4089 * Former type "alg_defl" has been renamed to "defl". HOLCF no longer
4090 defines an embedding of type 'a defl into udom by default; instances
4091 of "bifinite" and "domain" classes are available in
4092 src/HOL/HOLCF/Library/Defl_Bifinite.thy.
4094 * The syntax "REP('a)" has been replaced with "DEFL('a)".
4096 * The predicate "directed" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4098 * The type class "finite_po" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4100 * The function "cprod_map" has been renamed to "prod_map".
4103 * The monadic bind operator on each powerdomain has new binder syntax
4104 similar to sets, e.g. "\<Union>\<sharp>x\<in>xs. t" represents
4105 "upper_bind\<cdot>xs\<cdot>(\<Lambda> x. t)".
4107 * The infix syntax for binary union on each powerdomain has changed
4108 from e.g. "+\<sharp>" to "\<union>\<sharp>", for consistency with set
4109 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4111 * The constant "UU" has been renamed to "bottom". The syntax "UU" is
4112 still supported as an input translation.
4114 * Renamed some theorems (the original names are also still available).
4116 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
4117 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
4118 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
4119 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
4120 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
4121 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
4122 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
4124 * The Abs and Rep functions for various types have changed names.
4125 Related theorem names have also changed to match. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4127 Rep_CFun ~> Rep_cfun
4128 Abs_CFun ~> Abs_cfun
4129 Rep_Sprod ~> Rep_sprod
4130 Abs_Sprod ~> Abs_sprod
4131 Rep_Ssum ~> Rep_ssum
4132 Abs_Ssum ~> Abs_ssum
4134 * Lemmas with names of the form *_defined_iff or *_strict_iff have
4135 been renamed to *_bottom_iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4137 * Various changes to bisimulation/coinduction with domain package:
4139 - Definitions of "bisim" constants no longer mention definedness.
4140 - With mutual recursion, "bisim" predicate is now curried.
4141 - With mutual recursion, each type gets a separate coind theorem.
4142 - Variable names in bisim_def and coinduct rules have changed.
4146 * Case combinators generated by the domain package for type "foo" are
4147 now named "foo_case" instead of "foo_when". INCOMPATIBILITY.
4149 * Several theorems have been renamed to more accurately reflect the
4150 names of constants and types involved. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4152 thelub_const ~> lub_const
4153 lub_const ~> is_lub_const
4155 is_lub_lub ~> is_lubD2
4157 unique_lub ~> is_lub_unique
4158 is_ub_lub ~> is_lub_rangeD1
4159 lub_bin_chain ~> is_lub_bin_chain
4160 lub_fun ~> is_lub_fun
4161 thelub_fun ~> lub_fun
4162 thelub_cfun ~> lub_cfun
4163 thelub_Pair ~> lub_Pair
4164 lub_cprod ~> is_lub_prod
4165 thelub_cprod ~> lub_prod
4166 minimal_cprod ~> minimal_prod
4167 inst_cprod_pcpo ~> inst_prod_pcpo
4169 compact_UU ~> compact_bottom
4170 deflation_UU ~> deflation_bottom
4171 finite_deflation_UU ~> finite_deflation_bottom
4173 * Many legacy theorem names have been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4175 sq_ord_less_eq_trans ~> below_eq_trans
4176 sq_ord_eq_less_trans ~> eq_below_trans
4177 refl_less ~> below_refl
4178 trans_less ~> below_trans
4179 antisym_less ~> below_antisym
4180 antisym_less_inverse ~> po_eq_conv [THEN iffD1]
4181 box_less ~> box_below
4182 rev_trans_less ~> rev_below_trans
4183 not_less2not_eq ~> not_below2not_eq
4184 less_UU_iff ~> below_UU_iff
4185 flat_less_iff ~> flat_below_iff
4186 adm_less ~> adm_below
4187 adm_not_less ~> adm_not_below
4188 adm_compact_not_less ~> adm_compact_not_below
4189 less_fun_def ~> below_fun_def
4190 expand_fun_less ~> fun_below_iff
4191 less_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
4192 less_discr_def ~> below_discr_def
4193 discr_less_eq ~> discr_below_eq
4194 less_unit_def ~> below_unit_def
4195 less_cprod_def ~> below_prod_def
4196 prod_lessI ~> prod_belowI
4197 Pair_less_iff ~> Pair_below_iff
4198 fst_less_iff ~> fst_below_iff
4199 snd_less_iff ~> snd_below_iff
4200 expand_cfun_less ~> cfun_below_iff
4201 less_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
4202 injection_less ~> injection_below
4203 less_up_def ~> below_up_def
4204 not_Iup_less ~> not_Iup_below
4205 Iup_less ~> Iup_below
4207 Def_inject_less_eq ~> Def_below_Def
4208 Def_less_is_eq ~> Def_below_iff
4209 spair_less_iff ~> spair_below_iff
4210 less_sprod ~> below_sprod
4211 spair_less ~> spair_below
4212 sfst_less_iff ~> sfst_below_iff
4213 ssnd_less_iff ~> ssnd_below_iff
4214 fix_least_less ~> fix_least_below
4215 dist_less_one ~> dist_below_one
4216 less_ONE ~> below_ONE
4217 ONE_less_iff ~> ONE_below_iff
4218 less_sinlD ~> below_sinlD
4219 less_sinrD ~> below_sinrD
4224 * All constant names are now qualified internally and use proper
4225 identifiers, e.g. "IFOL.eq" instead of "op =". INCOMPATIBILITY.
4230 * Antiquotation @{assert} inlines a function bool -> unit that raises
4231 Fail if the argument is false. Due to inlining the source position of
4232 failed assertions is included in the error output.
4234 * Discontinued antiquotation @{theory_ref}, which is obsolete since ML
4235 text is in practice always evaluated with a stable theory checkpoint.
4236 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use (Theory.check_thy @{theory}) instead.
4238 * Antiquotation @{theory A} refers to theory A from the ancestry of
4239 the current context, not any accidental theory loader state as before.
4240 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, subtle change in semantics.
4242 * Syntax.pretty_priority (default 0) configures the required priority
4243 of pretty-printed output and thus affects insertion of parentheses.
4245 * Syntax.default_root (default "any") configures the inner syntax
4246 category (nonterminal symbol) for parsing of terms.
4248 * Former exception Library.UnequalLengths now coincides with
4249 ListPair.UnequalLengths.
4251 * Renamed structure MetaSimplifier to Raw_Simplifier. Note that the
4252 main functionality is provided by structure Simplifier.
4254 * Renamed raw "explode" function to "raw_explode" to emphasize its
4255 meaning. Note that internally to Isabelle, Symbol.explode is used in
4256 almost all situations.
4258 * Discontinued obsolete function sys_error and exception SYS_ERROR.
4259 See implementation manual for further details on exceptions in
4262 * Renamed setmp_noncritical to Unsynchronized.setmp to emphasize its
4265 * Renamed structure PureThy to Pure_Thy and moved most of its
4266 operations to structure Global_Theory, to emphasize that this is
4267 rarely-used global-only stuff.
4269 * Discontinued Output.debug. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use plain writeln
4270 instead (or tracing for high-volume output).
4272 * Configuration option show_question_marks only affects regular pretty
4273 printing of types and terms, not raw Term.string_of_vname.
4275 * ML_Context.thm and ML_Context.thms are no longer pervasive. Rare
4276 INCOMPATIBILITY, superseded by static antiquotations @{thm} and
4277 @{thms} for most purposes.
4279 * ML structure Unsynchronized is never opened, not even in Isar
4280 interaction mode as before. Old Unsynchronized.set etc. have been
4281 discontinued -- use plain := instead. This should be *rare* anyway,
4282 since modern tools always work via official context data, notably
4283 configuration options.
4285 * Parallel and asynchronous execution requires special care concerning
4286 interrupts. Structure Exn provides some convenience functions that
4287 avoid working directly with raw Interrupt. User code must not absorb
4288 interrupts -- intermediate handling (for cleanup etc.) needs to be
4289 followed by re-raising of the original exception. Another common
4290 source of mistakes are "handle _" patterns, which make the meaning of
4291 the program subject to physical effects of the environment.
4295 New in Isabelle2009-2 (June 2010)
4296 ---------------------------------
4300 * Authentic syntax for *all* logical entities (type classes, type
4301 constructors, term constants): provides simple and robust
4302 correspondence between formal entities and concrete syntax. Within
4303 the parse tree / AST representations, "constants" are decorated by
4304 their category (class, type, const) and spelled out explicitly with
4305 their full internal name.
4307 Substantial INCOMPATIBILITY concerning low-level syntax declarations
4308 and translations (translation rules and translation functions in ML).
4309 Some hints on upgrading:
4311 - Many existing uses of 'syntax' and 'translations' can be replaced
4312 by more modern 'type_notation', 'notation' and 'abbreviation',
4313 which are independent of this issue.
4315 - 'translations' require markup within the AST; the term syntax
4316 provides the following special forms:
4318 CONST c -- produces syntax version of constant c from context
4319 XCONST c -- literally c, checked as constant from context
4320 c -- literally c, if declared by 'syntax'
4322 Plain identifiers are treated as AST variables -- occasionally the
4323 system indicates accidental variables via the error "rhs contains
4326 Type classes and type constructors are marked according to their
4327 concrete syntax. Some old translations rules need to be written
4328 for the "type" category, using type constructor application
4329 instead of pseudo-term application of the default category
4332 - 'parse_translation' etc. in ML may use the following
4335 @{class_syntax c} -- type class c within parse tree / AST
4336 @{term_syntax c} -- type constructor c within parse tree / AST
4337 @{const_syntax c} -- ML version of "CONST c" above
4338 @{syntax_const c} -- literally c (checked wrt. 'syntax' declarations)
4340 - Literal types within 'typed_print_translations', i.e. those *not*
4341 represented as pseudo-terms are represented verbatim. Use @{class
4342 c} or @{type_name c} here instead of the above syntax
4345 Note that old non-authentic syntax was based on unqualified base
4346 names, so all of the above "constant" names would coincide. Recall
4347 that 'print_syntax' and ML_command "set Syntax.trace_ast" help to
4348 diagnose syntax problems.
4350 * Type constructors admit general mixfix syntax, not just infix.
4352 * Concrete syntax may be attached to local entities without a proof
4353 body, too. This works via regular mixfix annotations for 'fix',
4354 'def', 'obtain' etc. or via the explicit 'write' command, which is
4355 similar to the 'notation' command in theory specifications.
4357 * Discontinued unnamed infix syntax (legacy feature for many years) --
4358 need to specify constant name and syntax separately. Internal ML
4359 datatype constructors have been renamed from InfixName to Infix etc.
4360 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4362 * Schematic theorem statements need to be explicitly markup as such,
4363 via commands 'schematic_lemma', 'schematic_theorem',
4364 'schematic_corollary'. Thus the relevance of the proof is made
4365 syntactically clear, which impacts performance in a parallel or
4366 asynchronous interactive environment. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4368 * Use of cumulative prems via "!" in some proof methods has been
4369 discontinued (old legacy feature).
4371 * References 'trace_simp' and 'debug_simp' have been replaced by
4372 configuration options stored in the context. Enabling tracing (the
4373 case of debugging is similar) in proofs works via
4375 using [[trace_simp = true]]
4377 Tracing is then active for all invocations of the simplifier in
4378 subsequent goal refinement steps. Tracing may also still be enabled or
4379 disabled via the ProofGeneral settings menu.
4381 * Separate commands 'hide_class', 'hide_type', 'hide_const',
4382 'hide_fact' replace the former 'hide' KIND command. Minor
4385 * Improved parallelism of proof term normalization: usedir -p2 -q0 is
4386 more efficient than combinations with -q1 or -q2.
4391 * Proofterms record type-class reasoning explicitly, using the
4392 "unconstrain" operation internally. This eliminates all sort
4393 constraints from a theorem and proof, introducing explicit
4394 OFCLASS-premises. On the proof term level, this operation is
4395 automatically applied at theorem boundaries, such that closed proofs
4396 are always free of sort constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools that
4397 inspect proof terms.
4399 * Local theory specifications may depend on extra type variables that
4400 are not present in the result type -- arguments TYPE('a) :: 'a itself
4401 are added internally. For example:
4403 definition unitary :: bool where "unitary = (ALL (x::'a) y. x = y)"
4405 * Predicates of locales introduced by classes carry a mandatory
4406 "class" prefix. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4408 * Vacuous class specifications observe default sort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4410 * Old 'axclass' command has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
4413 * Command 'code_reflect' allows to incorporate generated ML code into
4414 runtime environment; replaces immature code_datatype antiquotation.
4417 * Code generator: simple concept for abstract datatypes obeying
4420 * Code generator: details of internal data cache have no impact on the
4421 user space functionality any longer.
4423 * Methods "unfold_locales" and "intro_locales" ignore non-locale
4424 subgoals. This is more appropriate for interpretations with 'where'.
4427 * Command 'example_proof' opens an empty proof body. This allows to
4428 experiment with Isar, without producing any persistent result.
4430 * Commands 'type_notation' and 'no_type_notation' declare type syntax
4431 within a local theory context, with explicit checking of the
4432 constructors involved (in contrast to the raw 'syntax' versions).
4434 * Commands 'types' and 'typedecl' now work within a local theory
4435 context -- without introducing dependencies on parameters or
4436 assumptions, which is not possible in Isabelle/Pure.
4438 * Command 'defaultsort' has been renamed to 'default_sort', it works
4439 within a local theory context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4444 * Command 'typedef' now works within a local theory context -- without
4445 introducing dependencies on parameters or assumptions, which is not
4446 possible in Isabelle/Pure/HOL. Note that the logical environment may
4447 contain multiple interpretations of local typedefs (with different
4448 non-emptiness proofs), even in a global theory context.
4450 * New package for quotient types. Commands 'quotient_type' and
4451 'quotient_definition' may be used for defining types and constants by
4452 quotient constructions. An example is the type of integers created by
4453 quotienting pairs of natural numbers:
4456 intrel :: "(nat * nat) => (nat * nat) => bool"
4458 "intrel (x, y) (u, v) = (x + v = u + y)"
4460 quotient_type int = "nat * nat" / intrel
4461 by (auto simp add: equivp_def expand_fun_eq)
4464 "0::int" is "(0::nat, 0::nat)"
4466 The method "lifting" can be used to lift of theorems from the
4467 underlying "raw" type to the quotient type. The example
4468 src/HOL/Quotient_Examples/FSet.thy includes such a quotient
4469 construction and provides a reasoning infrastructure for finite sets.
4471 * Renamed Library/Quotient.thy to Library/Quotient_Type.thy to avoid
4472 clash with new theory Quotient in Main HOL.
4474 * Moved the SMT binding into the main HOL session, eliminating
4475 separate HOL-SMT session.
4477 * List membership infix mem operation is only an input abbreviation.
4480 * Theory Library/Word.thy has been removed. Use library Word/Word.thy
4481 for future developements; former Library/Word.thy is still present in
4482 the AFP entry RSAPPS.
4484 * Theorem Int.int_induct renamed to Int.int_of_nat_induct and is no
4485 longer shadowed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4487 * Dropped theorem duplicate comp_arith; use semiring_norm instead.
4490 * Dropped theorem RealPow.real_sq_order; use power2_le_imp_le instead.
4493 * Dropped normalizing_semiring etc; use the facts in semiring classes
4494 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4496 * Dropped several real-specific versions of lemmas about floor and
4497 ceiling; use the generic lemmas from theory "Archimedean_Field"
4498 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4500 floor_number_of_eq ~> floor_number_of
4501 le_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_floor
4502 le_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_le_floor
4503 le_floor_eq_one ~> one_le_floor
4504 floor_less_eq_number_of ~> floor_less_number_of
4505 floor_less_eq_zero ~> floor_less_zero
4506 floor_less_eq_one ~> floor_less_one
4507 less_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_floor
4508 less_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_less_floor
4509 less_floor_eq_one ~> one_less_floor
4510 floor_le_eq_number_of ~> floor_le_number_of
4511 floor_le_eq_zero ~> floor_le_zero
4512 floor_le_eq_one ~> floor_le_one
4513 floor_subtract_number_of ~> floor_diff_number_of
4514 floor_subtract_one ~> floor_diff_one
4515 ceiling_number_of_eq ~> ceiling_number_of
4516 ceiling_le_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_le_number_of
4517 ceiling_le_zero_eq ~> ceiling_le_zero
4518 ceiling_le_eq_one ~> ceiling_le_one
4519 less_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_ceiling
4520 less_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_less_ceiling
4521 less_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_less_ceiling
4522 ceiling_less_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_less_number_of
4523 ceiling_less_eq_zero ~> ceiling_less_zero
4524 ceiling_less_eq_one ~> ceiling_less_one
4525 le_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_ceiling
4526 le_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_le_ceiling
4527 le_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_le_ceiling
4528 ceiling_subtract_number_of ~> ceiling_diff_number_of
4529 ceiling_subtract_one ~> ceiling_diff_one
4531 * Theory "Finite_Set": various folding_XXX locales facilitate the
4532 application of the various fold combinators on finite sets.
4534 * Library theory "RBT" renamed to "RBT_Impl"; new library theory "RBT"
4535 provides abstract red-black tree type which is backed by "RBT_Impl" as
4536 implementation. INCOMPATIBILTY.
4538 * Theory Library/Coinductive_List has been removed -- superseded by
4539 AFP/thys/Coinductive.
4541 * Theory PReal, including the type "preal" and related operations, has
4542 been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4544 * Real: new development using Cauchy Sequences.
4546 * Split off theory "Big_Operators" containing setsum, setprod,
4547 Inf_fin, Sup_fin, Min, Max from theory Finite_Set. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4549 * Theory "Rational" renamed to "Rat", for consistency with "Nat",
4550 "Int" etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4552 * Constant Rat.normalize needs to be qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4554 * New set of rules "ac_simps" provides combined assoc / commute
4555 rewrites for all interpretations of the appropriate generic locales.
4557 * Renamed theory "OrderedGroup" to "Groups" and split theory
4558 "Ring_and_Field" into theories "Rings" and "Fields"; for more
4559 appropriate and more consistent names suitable for name prefixes
4560 within the HOL theories. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4562 * Some generic constants have been put to appropriate theories:
4563 - less_eq, less: Orderings
4564 - zero, one, plus, minus, uminus, times, abs, sgn: Groups
4565 - inverse, divide: Rings
4568 * More consistent naming of type classes involving orderings (and
4571 lower_semilattice ~> semilattice_inf
4572 upper_semilattice ~> semilattice_sup
4574 dense_linear_order ~> dense_linorder
4576 pordered_ab_group_add ~> ordered_ab_group_add
4577 pordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> ordered_ab_group_add_abs
4578 pordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add
4579 pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le
4580 pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
4581 pordered_cancel_comm_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_comm_semiring
4582 pordered_cancel_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_semiring
4583 pordered_comm_monoid_add ~> ordered_comm_monoid_add
4584 pordered_comm_ring ~> ordered_comm_ring
4585 pordered_comm_semiring ~> ordered_comm_semiring
4586 pordered_ring ~> ordered_ring
4587 pordered_ring_abs ~> ordered_ring_abs
4588 pordered_semiring ~> ordered_semiring
4590 ordered_ab_group_add ~> linordered_ab_group_add
4591 ordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_ab_semigroup_add
4592 ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
4593 ordered_comm_semiring_strict ~> linordered_comm_semiring_strict
4594 ordered_field ~> linordered_field
4595 ordered_field_no_lb ~> linordered_field_no_lb
4596 ordered_field_no_ub ~> linordered_field_no_ub
4597 ordered_field_dense_linear_order ~> dense_linordered_field
4598 ordered_idom ~> linordered_idom
4599 ordered_ring ~> linordered_ring
4600 ordered_ring_le_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_le_cancel_factor
4601 ordered_ring_less_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_less_cancel_factor
4602 ordered_ring_strict ~> linordered_ring_strict
4603 ordered_semidom ~> linordered_semidom
4604 ordered_semiring ~> linordered_semiring
4605 ordered_semiring_1 ~> linordered_semiring_1
4606 ordered_semiring_1_strict ~> linordered_semiring_1_strict
4607 ordered_semiring_strict ~> linordered_semiring_strict
4609 The following slightly odd type classes have been moved to a
4610 separate theory Library/Lattice_Algebras:
4612 lordered_ab_group_add ~> lattice_ab_group_add
4613 lordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> lattice_ab_group_add_abs
4614 lordered_ab_group_add_meet ~> semilattice_inf_ab_group_add
4615 lordered_ab_group_add_join ~> semilattice_sup_ab_group_add
4616 lordered_ring ~> lattice_ring
4620 * Refined field classes:
4621 - classes division_ring_inverse_zero, field_inverse_zero,
4622 linordered_field_inverse_zero include rule inverse 0 = 0 --
4623 subsumes former division_by_zero class;
4624 - numerous lemmas have been ported from field to division_ring.
4627 * Refined algebra theorem collections:
4628 - dropped theorem group group_simps, use algebra_simps instead;
4629 - dropped theorem group ring_simps, use field_simps instead;
4630 - proper theorem collection field_simps subsumes former theorem
4631 groups field_eq_simps and field_simps;
4632 - dropped lemma eq_minus_self_iff which is a duplicate for
4636 * Theory Finite_Set and List: some lemmas have been generalized from
4639 fun_left_comm_idem_inter ~> fun_left_comm_idem_inf
4640 fun_left_comm_idem_union ~> fun_left_comm_idem_sup
4641 inter_Inter_fold_inter ~> inf_Inf_fold_inf
4642 union_Union_fold_union ~> sup_Sup_fold_sup
4643 Inter_fold_inter ~> Inf_fold_inf
4644 Union_fold_union ~> Sup_fold_sup
4645 inter_INTER_fold_inter ~> inf_INFI_fold_inf
4646 union_UNION_fold_union ~> sup_SUPR_fold_sup
4647 INTER_fold_inter ~> INFI_fold_inf
4648 UNION_fold_union ~> SUPR_fold_sup
4650 * Theory "Complete_Lattice": lemmas top_def and bot_def have been
4651 replaced by the more convenient lemmas Inf_empty and Sup_empty.
4652 Dropped lemmas Inf_insert_simp and Sup_insert_simp, which are subsumed
4653 by Inf_insert and Sup_insert. Lemmas Inf_UNIV and Sup_UNIV replace
4654 former Inf_Univ and Sup_Univ. Lemmas inf_top_right and sup_bot_right
4655 subsume inf_top and sup_bot respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4657 * Reorganized theory Multiset: swapped notation of pointwise and
4660 - pointwise ordering is instance of class order with standard syntax
4662 - multiset ordering has syntax <=# and <#; partial order properties
4663 are provided by means of interpretation with prefix
4665 - less duplication, less historical organization of sections,
4666 conversion from associations lists to multisets, rudimentary code
4668 - use insert_DiffM2 [symmetric] instead of elem_imp_eq_diff_union,
4673 multiset_eq_conv_count_eq ~> multiset_ext_iff
4674 multi_count_ext ~> multiset_ext
4675 diff_union_inverse2 ~> diff_union_cancelR
4679 * Theory Permutation: replaced local "remove" by List.remove1.
4681 * Code generation: ML and OCaml code is decorated with signatures.
4683 * Theory List: added transpose.
4685 * Library/Nat_Bijection.thy is a collection of bijective functions
4686 between nat and other types, which supersedes the older libraries
4687 Library/Nat_Int_Bij.thy and HOLCF/NatIso.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4690 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat ~> prod_encode
4691 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2 ~> prod_decode
4692 Nat_Int_Bij.int_to_nat_bij ~> int_encode
4693 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_int_bij ~> int_decode
4694 Countable.pair_encode ~> prod_encode
4695 NatIso.prod2nat ~> prod_encode
4696 NatIso.nat2prod ~> prod_decode
4697 NatIso.sum2nat ~> sum_encode
4698 NatIso.nat2sum ~> sum_decode
4699 NatIso.list2nat ~> list_encode
4700 NatIso.nat2list ~> list_decode
4701 NatIso.set2nat ~> set_encode
4702 NatIso.nat2set ~> set_decode
4705 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_decode
4706 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_inj ~> inj_prod_encode
4707 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_surj ~> surj_prod_encode
4708 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_inj ~> inj_prod_decode
4709 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_surj ~> surj_prod_decode
4710 Nat_Int_Bij.i2n_n2i_id ~> int_encode_inverse
4711 Nat_Int_Bij.n2i_i2n_id ~> int_decode_inverse
4712 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_nat_to_int_bij ~> surj_int_encode
4713 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_int_to_nat_bij ~> surj_int_decode
4714 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_nat_to_int_bij ~> inj_int_encode
4715 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_int_to_nat_bij ~> inj_int_decode
4716 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_encode
4717 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_int_to_nat_bij ~> bij_int_decode
4720 - Renamed ATP commands:
4721 atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_atps
4722 atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_atps
4723 atp_messages ~> sledgehammer messages
4724 atp_minimize ~> sledgehammer minimize
4725 print_atps ~> sledgehammer available_atps
4727 - Added user's manual ("isabelle doc sledgehammer").
4728 - Added option syntax and "sledgehammer_params" to customize
4729 Sledgehammer's behavior. See the manual for details.
4730 - Modified the Isar proof reconstruction code so that it produces
4731 direct proofs rather than proofs by contradiction. (This feature
4732 is still experimental.)
4733 - Made Isar proof reconstruction work for SPASS, remote ATPs, and in
4735 - Added support for TPTP syntax for SPASS via the "spass_tptp" ATP.
4738 - Added and implemented "binary_ints" and "bits" options.
4739 - Added "std" option and implemented support for nonstandard models.
4740 - Added and implemented "finitize" option to improve the precision
4741 of infinite datatypes based on a monotonicity analysis.
4742 - Added support for quotient types.
4743 - Added support for "specification" and "ax_specification"
4745 - Added support for local definitions (for "function" and
4746 "termination" proofs).
4747 - Added support for term postprocessors.
4748 - Optimized "Multiset.multiset" and "FinFun.finfun".
4749 - Improved efficiency of "destroy_constrs" optimization.
4750 - Fixed soundness bugs related to "destroy_constrs" optimization and
4752 - Fixed soundness bug related to higher-order constructors.
4753 - Fixed soundness bug when "full_descrs" is enabled.
4754 - Improved precision of set constructs.
4755 - Added "atoms" option.
4756 - Added cache to speed up repeated Kodkod invocations on the same
4758 - Renamed "MiniSatJNI", "zChaffJNI", "BerkMinAlloy", and
4759 "SAT4JLight" to "MiniSat_JNI", "zChaff_JNI", "BerkMin_Alloy", and
4760 "SAT4J_Light". INCOMPATIBILITY.
4761 - Removed "skolemize", "uncurry", "sym_break", "flatten_prop",
4762 "sharing_depth", and "show_skolems" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4763 - Removed "nitpick_intro" attribute. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4765 * Method "induct" now takes instantiations of the form t, where t is not
4766 a variable, as a shorthand for "x == t", where x is a fresh variable.
4767 If this is not intended, t has to be enclosed in parentheses.
4768 By default, the equalities generated by definitional instantiations
4769 are pre-simplified, which may cause parameters of inductive cases
4770 to disappear, or may even delete some of the inductive cases.
4771 Use "induct (no_simp)" instead of "induct" to restore the old
4772 behaviour. The (no_simp) option is also understood by the "cases"
4773 and "nominal_induct" methods, which now perform pre-simplification, too.
4779 * Variable names in lemmas generated by the domain package have
4780 changed; the naming scheme is now consistent with the HOL datatype
4781 package. Some proof scripts may be affected, INCOMPATIBILITY.
4783 * The domain package no longer defines the function "foo_copy" for
4784 recursive domain "foo". The reach lemma is now stated directly in
4785 terms of "foo_take". Lemmas and proofs that mention "foo_copy" must
4786 be reformulated in terms of "foo_take", INCOMPATIBILITY.
4788 * Most definedness lemmas generated by the domain package (previously
4789 of the form "x ~= UU ==> foo$x ~= UU") now have an if-and-only-if form
4790 like "foo$x = UU <-> x = UU", which works better as a simp rule.
4791 Proofs that used definedness lemmas as intro rules may break,
4792 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
4794 * Induction and casedist rules generated by the domain package now
4795 declare proper case_names (one called "bottom", and one named for each
4796 constructor). INCOMPATIBILITY.
4798 * For mutually-recursive domains, separate "reach" and "take_lemma"
4799 rules are generated for each domain, INCOMPATIBILITY.
4801 foo_bar.reach ~> foo.reach bar.reach
4802 foo_bar.take_lemmas ~> foo.take_lemma bar.take_lemma
4804 * Some lemmas generated by the domain package have been renamed for
4805 consistency with the datatype package, INCOMPATIBILITY.
4807 foo.ind ~> foo.induct
4808 foo.finite_ind ~> foo.finite_induct
4809 foo.coind ~> foo.coinduct
4810 foo.casedist ~> foo.exhaust
4811 foo.exhaust ~> foo.nchotomy
4813 * For consistency with other definition packages, the fixrec package
4814 now generates qualified theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
4816 foo_simps ~> foo.simps
4817 foo_unfold ~> foo.unfold
4818 foo_induct ~> foo.induct
4820 * The "fixrec_simp" attribute has been removed. The "fixrec_simp"
4821 method and internal fixrec proofs now use the default simpset instead.
4824 * The "contlub" predicate has been removed. Proof scripts should use
4825 lemma contI2 in place of monocontlub2cont, INCOMPATIBILITY.
4827 * The "admw" predicate has been removed, INCOMPATIBILITY.
4829 * The constants cpair, cfst, and csnd have been removed in favor of
4830 Pair, fst, and snd from Isabelle/HOL, INCOMPATIBILITY.
4835 * Antiquotations for basic formal entities:
4837 @{class NAME} -- type class
4838 @{class_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of the above
4840 @{type_name NAME} -- logical type
4841 @{type_abbrev NAME} -- type abbreviation
4842 @{nonterminal NAME} -- type of concrete syntactic category
4843 @{type_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
4845 @{const_name NAME} -- logical constant (INCOMPATIBILITY)
4846 @{const_abbrev NAME} -- abbreviated constant
4847 @{const_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
4849 * Antiquotation @{syntax_const NAME} ensures that NAME refers to a raw
4850 syntax constant (cf. 'syntax' command).
4852 * Antiquotation @{make_string} inlines a function to print arbitrary
4853 values similar to the ML toplevel. The result is compiler dependent
4854 and may fall back on "?" in certain situations.
4856 * Diagnostic commands 'ML_val' and 'ML_command' may refer to
4857 antiquotations @{Isar.state} and @{Isar.goal}. This replaces impure
4858 Isar.state() and Isar.goal(), which belong to the old TTY loop and do
4859 not work with the asynchronous Isar document model.
4861 * Configuration options now admit dynamic default values, depending on
4862 the context or even global references.
4864 * SHA1.digest digests strings according to SHA-1 (see RFC 3174). It
4865 uses an efficient external library if available (for Poly/ML).
4867 * Renamed some important ML structures, while keeping the old names
4868 for some time as aliases within the structure Legacy:
4870 OuterKeyword ~> Keyword
4873 OuterSyntax ~> Outer_Syntax
4874 PrintMode ~> Print_Mode
4875 SpecParse ~> Parse_Spec
4878 ThyOutput ~> Thy_Output
4879 TypeInfer ~> Type_Infer
4881 Note that "open Legacy" simplifies porting of sources, but forgetting
4882 to remove it again will complicate porting again in the future.
4884 * Most operations that refer to a global context are named
4885 accordingly, e.g. Simplifier.global_context or
4886 ProofContext.init_global. There are some situations where a global
4887 context actually works, but under normal circumstances one needs to
4888 pass the proper local context through the code!
4890 * Discontinued old TheoryDataFun with its copy/init operation -- data
4891 needs to be pure. Functor Theory_Data_PP retains the traditional
4892 Pretty.pp argument to merge, which is absent in the standard
4893 Theory_Data version.
4895 * Sorts.certify_sort and derived "cert" operations for types and terms
4896 no longer minimize sorts. Thus certification at the boundary of the
4897 inference kernel becomes invariant under addition of class relations,
4898 which is an important monotonicity principle. Sorts are now minimized
4899 in the syntax layer only, at the boundary between the end-user and the
4900 system. Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY, may have to use Sign.minimize_sort
4901 explicitly in rare situations.
4903 * Renamed old-style Drule.standard to Drule.export_without_context, to
4904 emphasize that this is in no way a standard operation.
4907 * Subgoal.FOCUS (and variants): resulting goal state is normalized as
4908 usual for resolution. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
4910 * Renamed varify/unvarify operations to varify_global/unvarify_global
4911 to emphasize that these only work in a global situation (which is
4914 * Curried take and drop in library.ML; negative length is interpreted
4915 as infinity (as in chop). Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY.
4917 * Proof terms: type substitutions on proof constants now use canonical
4918 order of type variables. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools working with proof
4921 * Raw axioms/defs may no longer carry sort constraints, and raw defs
4922 may no longer carry premises. User-level specifications are
4923 transformed accordingly by Thm.add_axiom/add_def.
4928 * Discontinued special HOL_USEDIR_OPTIONS for the main HOL image;
4929 ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS applies uniformly to all sessions. Note that
4930 proof terms are enabled unconditionally in the new HOL-Proofs image.
4932 * Discontinued old ISABELLE and ISATOOL environment settings (legacy
4933 feature since Isabelle2009). Use ISABELLE_PROCESS and ISABELLE_TOOL,
4936 * Old lib/scripts/polyml-platform is superseded by the
4937 ISABELLE_PLATFORM setting variable, which defaults to the 32 bit
4938 variant, even on a 64 bit machine. The following example setting
4939 prefers 64 bit if available:
4941 ML_PLATFORM="${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM}"
4943 * The preliminary Isabelle/jEdit application demonstrates the emerging
4944 Isabelle/Scala layer for advanced prover interaction and integration.
4945 See src/Tools/jEdit or "isabelle jedit" provided by the properly built
4948 * "IsabelleText" is a Unicode font derived from Bitstream Vera Mono
4949 and Bluesky TeX fonts. It provides the usual Isabelle symbols,
4950 similar to the default assignment of the document preparation system
4951 (cf. isabellesym.sty). The Isabelle/Scala class Isabelle_System
4952 provides some operations for direct access to the font without asking
4953 the user for manual installation.
4957 New in Isabelle2009-1 (December 2009)
4958 -------------------------------------
4962 * Discontinued old form of "escaped symbols" such as \\<forall>. Only
4963 one backslash should be used, even in ML sources.
4968 * Locale interpretation propagates mixins along the locale hierarchy.
4969 The currently only available mixins are the equations used to map
4970 local definitions to terms of the target domain of an interpretation.
4972 * Reactivated diagnostic command 'print_interps'. Use "print_interps
4973 loc" to print all interpretations of locale "loc" in the theory.
4974 Interpretations in proofs are not shown.
4976 * Thoroughly revised locales tutorial. New section on conditional
4979 * On instantiation of classes, remaining undefined class parameters
4980 are formally declared. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4983 *** Document preparation ***
4985 * New generalized style concept for printing terms: @{foo (style) ...}
4986 instead of @{foo_style style ...} (old form is still retained for
4987 backward compatibility). Styles can be also applied for
4988 antiquotations prop, term_type and typeof.
4993 * New proof method "smt" for a combination of first-order logic with
4994 equality, linear and nonlinear (natural/integer/real) arithmetic, and
4995 fixed-size bitvectors; there is also basic support for higher-order
4996 features (esp. lambda abstractions). It is an incomplete decision
4997 procedure based on external SMT solvers using the oracle mechanism;
4998 for the SMT solver Z3, this method is proof-producing. Certificates
4999 are provided to avoid calling the external solvers solely for
5000 re-checking proofs. Due to a remote SMT service there is no need for
5001 installing SMT solvers locally. See src/HOL/SMT.
5003 * New commands to load and prove verification conditions generated by
5004 the Boogie program verifier or derived systems (e.g. the Verifying C
5005 Compiler (VCC) or Spec#). See src/HOL/Boogie.
5007 * New counterexample generator tool 'nitpick' based on the Kodkod
5008 relational model finder. See src/HOL/Tools/Nitpick and
5009 src/HOL/Nitpick_Examples.
5011 * New commands 'code_pred' and 'values' to invoke the predicate
5012 compiler and to enumerate values of inductive predicates.
5014 * A tabled implementation of the reflexive transitive closure.
5016 * New implementation of quickcheck uses generic code generator;
5017 default generators are provided for all suitable HOL types, records
5018 and datatypes. Old quickcheck can be re-activated importing theory
5019 Library/SML_Quickcheck.
5021 * New testing tool Mirabelle for automated proof tools. Applies
5022 several tools and tactics like sledgehammer, metis, or quickcheck, to
5023 every proof step in a theory. To be used in batch mode via the
5024 "mirabelle" utility.
5026 * New proof method "sos" (sum of squares) for nonlinear real
5027 arithmetic (originally due to John Harison). It requires theory
5028 Library/Sum_Of_Squares. It is not a complete decision procedure but
5029 works well in practice on quantifier-free real arithmetic with +, -,
5030 *, ^, =, <= and <, i.e. boolean combinations of equalities and
5031 inequalities between polynomials. It makes use of external
5032 semidefinite programming solvers. Method "sos" generates a
5033 certificate that can be pasted into the proof thus avoiding the need
5034 to call an external tool every time the proof is checked. See
5035 src/HOL/Library/Sum_Of_Squares.
5037 * New method "linarith" invokes existing linear arithmetic decision
5040 * New command 'atp_minimal' reduces result produced by Sledgehammer.
5042 * New Sledgehammer option "Full Types" in Proof General settings menu.
5043 Causes full type information to be output to the ATPs. This slows
5044 ATPs down considerably but eliminates a source of unsound "proofs"
5047 * New method "metisFT": A version of metis that uses full type
5048 information in order to avoid failures of proof reconstruction.
5050 * New evaluator "approximate" approximates an real valued term using
5051 the same method as the approximation method.
5053 * Method "approximate" now supports arithmetic expressions as
5054 boundaries of intervals and implements interval splitting and Taylor
5057 * ML antiquotation @{code_datatype} inserts definition of a datatype
5058 generated by the code generator; e.g. see src/HOL/Predicate.thy.
5060 * New theory SupInf of the supremum and infimum operators for sets of
5063 * New theory Probability, which contains a development of measure
5064 theory, eventually leading to Lebesgue integration and probability.
5066 * Extended Multivariate Analysis to include derivation and Brouwer's
5069 * Reorganization of number theory, INCOMPATIBILITY:
5070 - new number theory development for nat and int, in theories Divides
5071 and GCD as well as in new session Number_Theory
5072 - some constants and facts now suffixed with _nat and _int
5074 - former session NumberTheory now named Old_Number_Theory, including
5075 theories Legacy_GCD and Primes (prefer Number_Theory if possible)
5076 - moved theory Pocklington from src/HOL/Library to
5077 src/HOL/Old_Number_Theory
5079 * Theory GCD includes functions Gcd/GCD and Lcm/LCM for the gcd and
5080 lcm of finite and infinite sets. It is shown that they form a complete
5083 * Class semiring_div requires superclass no_zero_divisors and proof of
5084 div_mult_mult1; theorems div_mult_mult1, div_mult_mult2,
5085 div_mult_mult1_if, div_mult_mult1 and div_mult_mult2 have been
5086 generalized to class semiring_div, subsuming former theorems
5087 zdiv_zmult_zmult1, zdiv_zmult_zmult1_if, zdiv_zmult_zmult1 and
5088 zdiv_zmult_zmult2. div_mult_mult1 is now [simp] by default.
5091 * Refinements to lattice classes and sets:
5092 - less default intro/elim rules in locale variant, more default
5093 intro/elim rules in class variant: more uniformity
5094 - lemma ge_sup_conv renamed to le_sup_iff, in accordance with
5096 - dropped lemma alias inf_ACI for inf_aci (same for sup_ACI and
5098 - renamed ACI to inf_sup_aci
5099 - new class "boolean_algebra"
5100 - class "complete_lattice" moved to separate theory
5101 "Complete_Lattice"; corresponding constants (and abbreviations)
5102 renamed and with authentic syntax:
5103 Set.Inf ~> Complete_Lattice.Inf
5104 Set.Sup ~> Complete_Lattice.Sup
5105 Set.INFI ~> Complete_Lattice.INFI
5106 Set.SUPR ~> Complete_Lattice.SUPR
5107 Set.Inter ~> Complete_Lattice.Inter
5108 Set.Union ~> Complete_Lattice.Union
5109 Set.INTER ~> Complete_Lattice.INTER
5110 Set.UNION ~> Complete_Lattice.UNION
5111 - authentic syntax for
5114 - mere abbreviations:
5117 Set.inter (for inf, formerly Set.Int)
5118 Set.union (for sup, formerly Set.Un)
5119 Complete_Lattice.Inter (for Inf)
5120 Complete_Lattice.Union (for Sup)
5121 Complete_Lattice.INTER (for INFI)
5122 Complete_Lattice.UNION (for SUPR)
5123 - object-logic definitions as far as appropriate
5125 INCOMPATIBILITY. Care is required when theorems Int_subset_iff or
5126 Un_subset_iff are explicitly deleted as default simp rules; then also
5127 their lattice counterparts le_inf_iff and le_sup_iff have to be
5128 deleted to achieve the desired effect.
5130 * Rules inf_absorb1, inf_absorb2, sup_absorb1, sup_absorb2 are no simp
5131 rules by default any longer; the same applies to min_max.inf_absorb1
5132 etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5134 * Rules sup_Int_eq and sup_Un_eq are no longer declared as
5135 pred_set_conv by default. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5137 * Power operations on relations and functions are now one dedicated
5138 constant "compow" with infix syntax "^^". Power operation on
5139 multiplicative monoids retains syntax "^" and is now defined generic
5140 in class power. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5142 * Relation composition "R O S" now has a more standard argument order:
5143 "R O S = {(x, z). EX y. (x, y) : R & (y, z) : S}". INCOMPATIBILITY,
5144 rewrite propositions with "S O R" --> "R O S". Proofs may occasionally
5145 break, since the O_assoc rule was not rewritten like this. Fix using
5146 O_assoc[symmetric]. The same applies to the curried version "R OO S".
5148 * Function "Inv" is renamed to "inv_into" and function "inv" is now an
5149 abbreviation for "inv_into UNIV". Lemmas are renamed accordingly.
5152 * Most rules produced by inductive and datatype package have mandatory
5153 prefixes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5155 * Changed "DERIV_intros" to a dynamic fact, which can be augmented by
5156 the attribute of the same name. Each of the theorems in the list
5157 DERIV_intros assumes composition with an additional function and
5158 matches a variable to the derivative, which has to be solved by the
5159 Simplifier. Hence (auto intro!: DERIV_intros) computes the derivative
5160 of most elementary terms. Former Maclauren.DERIV_tac and
5161 Maclauren.deriv_tac should be replaced by (auto intro!: DERIV_intros).
5164 * Code generator attributes follow the usual underscore convention:
5165 code_unfold replaces code unfold
5166 code_post replaces code post
5171 sizechange -> size_change
5172 induct_scheme -> induction_schema
5175 * Discontinued abbreviation "arbitrary" of constant "undefined".
5176 INCOMPATIBILITY, use "undefined" directly.
5179 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
5180 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1_left -> Suc_eq_plus1_left
5181 Suc_plus1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
5182 *anti_sym -> *antisym*
5183 vector_less_eq_def -> vector_le_def
5186 * Added theorem List.map_map as [simp]. Removed List.map_compose.
5189 * Removed predicate "M hassize n" (<--> card M = n & finite M).
5195 * Theory Representable defines a class "rep" of domains that are
5196 representable (via an ep-pair) in the universal domain type "udom".
5197 Instances are provided for all type constructors defined in HOLCF.
5199 * The 'new_domain' command is a purely definitional version of the
5200 domain package, for representable domains. Syntax is identical to the
5201 old domain package. The 'new_domain' package also supports indirect
5202 recursion using previously-defined type constructors. See
5203 src/HOLCF/ex/New_Domain.thy for examples.
5205 * Method "fixrec_simp" unfolds one step of a fixrec-defined constant
5206 on the left-hand side of an equation, and then performs
5207 simplification. Rewriting is done using rules declared with the
5208 "fixrec_simp" attribute. The "fixrec_simp" method is intended as a
5209 replacement for "fixpat"; see src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples.
5211 * The pattern-match compiler in 'fixrec' can now handle constructors
5212 with HOL function types. Pattern-match combinators for the Pair
5213 constructor are pre-configured.
5215 * The 'fixrec' package now produces better fixed-point induction rules
5216 for mutually-recursive definitions: Induction rules have conclusions
5217 of the form "P foo bar" instead of "P <foo, bar>".
5219 * The constant "sq_le" (with infix syntax "<<" or "\<sqsubseteq>") has
5220 been renamed to "below". The name "below" now replaces "less" in many
5221 theorem names. (Legacy theorem names using "less" are still supported
5224 * The 'fixrec' package now supports "bottom patterns". Bottom
5225 patterns can be used to generate strictness rules, or to make
5226 functions more strict (much like the bang-patterns supported by the
5227 Glasgow Haskell Compiler). See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
5233 * Support for Poly/ML 5.3.0, with improved reporting of compiler
5234 errors and run-time exceptions, including detailed source positions.
5236 * Structure Name_Space (formerly NameSpace) now manages uniquely
5237 identified entries, with some additional information such as source
5238 position, logical grouping etc.
5240 * Theory and context data is now introduced by the simplified and
5241 modernized functors Theory_Data, Proof_Data, Generic_Data. Data needs
5242 to be pure, but the old TheoryDataFun for mutable data (with explicit
5243 copy operation) is still available for some time.
5245 * Structure Synchronized (cf. src/Pure/Concurrent/synchronized.ML)
5246 provides a high-level programming interface to synchronized state
5247 variables with atomic update. This works via pure function
5248 application within a critical section -- its runtime should be as
5249 short as possible; beware of deadlocks if critical code is nested,
5250 either directly or indirectly via other synchronized variables!
5252 * Structure Unsynchronized (cf. src/Pure/ML-Systems/unsynchronized.ML)
5253 wraps raw ML references, explicitly indicating their non-thread-safe
5254 behaviour. The Isar toplevel keeps this structure open, to
5255 accommodate Proof General as well as quick and dirty interactive
5256 experiments with references.
5258 * PARALLEL_CHOICE and PARALLEL_GOALS provide basic support for
5259 parallel tactical reasoning.
5261 * Tacticals Subgoal.FOCUS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PREMS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PARAMS
5262 are similar to SUBPROOF, but are slightly more flexible: only the
5263 specified parts of the subgoal are imported into the context, and the
5264 body tactic may introduce new subgoals and schematic variables.
5266 * Old tactical METAHYPS, which does not observe the proof context, has
5267 been renamed to Old_Goals.METAHYPS and awaits deletion. Use SUBPROOF
5268 or Subgoal.FOCUS etc.
5270 * Renamed functor TableFun to Table, and GraphFun to Graph. (Since
5271 functors have their own ML name space there is no point to mark them
5272 separately.) Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
5274 * Renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5276 * Renamed several structures FooBar to Foo_Bar. Occasional,
5279 * Operations of structure Skip_Proof no longer require quick_and_dirty
5280 mode, which avoids critical setmp.
5282 * Eliminated old Attrib.add_attributes, Method.add_methods and related
5283 combinators for "args". INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use simplified
5284 Attrib/Method.setup introduced in Isabelle2009.
5286 * Proper context for simpset_of, claset_of, clasimpset_of. May fall
5287 back on global_simpset_of, global_claset_of, global_clasimpset_of as
5288 last resort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5290 * Display.pretty_thm now requires a proper context (cf. former
5291 ProofContext.pretty_thm). May fall back on Display.pretty_thm_global
5292 or even Display.pretty_thm_without_context as last resort.
5295 * Discontinued Display.pretty_ctyp/cterm etc. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
5296 Syntax.pretty_typ/term directly, preferably with proper context
5297 instead of global theory.
5302 * Further fine tuning of parallel proof checking, scales up to 8 cores
5303 (max. speedup factor 5.0). See also Goal.parallel_proofs in ML and
5306 * Support for additional "Isabelle components" via etc/components, see
5307 also the system manual.
5309 * The isabelle makeall tool now operates on all components with
5310 IsaMakefile, not just hardwired "logics".
5312 * Removed "compress" option from isabelle-process and isabelle usedir;
5313 this is always enabled.
5315 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 4.x versions.
5317 * Isabelle tool "wwwfind" provides web interface for 'find_theorems'
5318 on a given logic image. This requires the lighttpd webserver and is
5319 currently supported on Linux only.
5323 New in Isabelle2009 (April 2009)
5324 --------------------------------
5328 * Simplified main Isabelle executables, with less surprises on
5329 case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
5331 - The main Isabelle tool wrapper is now called "isabelle" instead of
5334 - The former "isabelle" alias for "isabelle-process" has been
5335 removed (should rarely occur to regular users).
5337 - The former "isabelle-interface" and its alias "Isabelle" have been
5338 removed (interfaces are now regular Isabelle tools).
5340 Within scripts and make files, the Isabelle environment variables
5341 ISABELLE_TOOL and ISABELLE_PROCESS replace old ISATOOL and ISABELLE,
5342 respectively. (The latter are still available as legacy feature.)
5344 The old isabelle-interface wrapper could react in confusing ways if
5345 the interface was uninstalled or changed otherwise. Individual
5346 interface tool configuration is now more explicit, see also the
5347 Isabelle system manual. In particular, Proof General is now available
5348 via "isabelle emacs".
5350 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt derivative scripts. Users may need to
5351 purge installed copies of Isabelle executables and re-run "isabelle
5352 install -p ...", or use symlinks.
5354 * The default for ISABELLE_HOME_USER is now ~/.isabelle instead of the
5355 old ~/isabelle, which was slightly non-standard and apt to cause
5356 surprises on case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
5358 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to move existing ~/isabelle/etc,
5359 ~/isabelle/heaps, ~/isabelle/browser_info to the new place. Special
5360 care is required when using older releases of Isabelle. Note that
5361 ISABELLE_HOME_USER can be changed in Isabelle/etc/settings of any
5362 Isabelle distribution, in order to use the new ~/.isabelle uniformly.
5364 * Proofs of fully specified statements are run in parallel on
5365 multi-core systems. A speedup factor of 2.5 to 3.2 can be expected on
5366 a regular 4-core machine, if the initial heap space is made reasonably
5367 large (cf. Poly/ML option -H). (Requires Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
5369 * The main reference manuals ("isar-ref", "implementation", and
5370 "system") have been updated and extended. Formally checked references
5371 as hyperlinks are now available uniformly.
5376 * Complete re-implementation of locales. INCOMPATIBILITY in several
5377 respects. The most important changes are listed below. See the
5378 Tutorial on Locales ("locales" manual) for details.
5380 - In locale expressions, instantiation replaces renaming. Parameters
5381 must be declared in a for clause. To aid compatibility with previous
5382 parameter inheritance, in locale declarations, parameters that are not
5383 'touched' (instantiation position "_" or omitted) are implicitly added
5384 with their syntax at the beginning of the for clause.
5386 - Syntax from abbreviations and definitions in locales is available in
5387 locale expressions and context elements. The latter is particularly
5388 useful in locale declarations.
5390 - More flexible mechanisms to qualify names generated by locale
5391 expressions. Qualifiers (prefixes) may be specified in locale
5392 expressions, and can be marked as mandatory (syntax: "name!:") or
5393 optional (syntax "name?:"). The default depends for plain "name:"
5394 depends on the situation where a locale expression is used: in
5395 commands 'locale' and 'sublocale' prefixes are optional, in
5396 'interpretation' and 'interpret' prefixes are mandatory. The old
5397 implicit qualifiers derived from the parameter names of a locale are
5398 no longer generated.
5400 - Command "sublocale l < e" replaces "interpretation l < e". The
5401 instantiation clause in "interpretation" and "interpret" (square
5402 brackets) is no longer available. Use locale expressions.
5404 - When converting proof scripts, mandatory qualifiers in
5405 'interpretation' and 'interpret' should be retained by default, even
5406 if this is an INCOMPATIBILITY compared to former behavior. In the
5407 worst case, use the "name?:" form for non-mandatory ones. Qualifiers
5408 in locale expressions range over a single locale instance only.
5410 - Dropped locale element "includes". This is a major INCOMPATIBILITY.
5411 In existing theorem specifications replace the includes element by the
5412 respective context elements of the included locale, omitting those
5413 that are already present in the theorem specification. Multiple
5414 assume elements of a locale should be replaced by a single one
5415 involving the locale predicate. In the proof body, declarations (most
5416 notably theorems) may be regained by interpreting the respective
5417 locales in the proof context as required (command "interpret").
5419 If using "includes" in replacement of a target solely because the
5420 parameter types in the theorem are not as general as in the target,
5421 consider declaring a new locale with additional type constraints on
5422 the parameters (context element "constrains").
5424 - Discontinued "locale (open)". INCOMPATIBILITY.
5426 - Locale interpretation commands no longer attempt to simplify goal.
5427 INCOMPATIBILITY: in rare situations the generated goal differs. Use
5428 methods intro_locales and unfold_locales to clarify.
5430 - Locale interpretation commands no longer accept interpretation
5431 attributes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5433 * Class declaration: so-called "base sort" must not be given in import
5434 list any longer, but is inferred from the specification. Particularly
5441 class foo = type + ...
5443 * Class target: global versions of theorems stemming do not carry a
5444 parameter prefix any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5446 * Class 'instance' command no longer accepts attached definitions.
5447 INCOMPATIBILITY, use proper 'instantiation' target instead.
5449 * Recovered hiding of consts, which was accidentally broken in
5450 Isabelle2007. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, ``hide const c'' really
5451 makes c inaccessible; consider using ``hide (open) const c'' instead.
5453 * Slightly more coherent Pure syntax, with updated documentation in
5454 isar-ref manual. Removed locales meta_term_syntax and
5455 meta_conjunction_syntax: TERM and &&& (formerly &&) are now permanent,
5456 INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations. Note that &&& should not be used
5457 directly in regular applications.
5459 * There is a new syntactic category "float_const" for signed decimal
5460 fractions (e.g. 123.45 or -123.45).
5462 * Removed exotic 'token_translation' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML
5463 interface with 'setup' command instead.
5465 * Command 'local_setup' is similar to 'setup', but operates on a local
5468 * The 'axiomatization' command now only works within a global theory
5469 context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5471 * Goal-directed proof now enforces strict proof irrelevance wrt. sort
5472 hypotheses. Sorts required in the course of reasoning need to be
5473 covered by the constraints in the initial statement, completed by the
5474 type instance information of the background theory. Non-trivial sort
5475 hypotheses, which rarely occur in practice, may be specified via
5476 vacuous propositions of the form SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::c). For example:
5478 lemma assumes "SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::empty)" shows False ...
5480 The result contains an implicit sort hypotheses as before --
5481 SORT_CONSTRAINT premises are eliminated as part of the canonical rule
5484 * Generalized Isar history, with support for linear undo, direct state
5487 * Changed defaults for unify configuration options:
5489 unify_trace_bound = 50 (formerly 25)
5490 unify_search_bound = 60 (formerly 30)
5492 * Different bookkeeping for code equations (INCOMPATIBILITY):
5494 a) On theory merge, the last set of code equations for a particular
5495 constant is taken (in accordance with the policy applied by other
5496 parts of the code generator framework).
5498 b) Code equations stemming from explicit declarations (e.g. code
5499 attribute) gain priority over default code equations stemming
5500 from definition, primrec, fun etc.
5502 * Keyword 'code_exception' now named 'code_abort'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5504 * Unified theorem tables for both code generators. Thus [code
5505 func] has disappeared and only [code] remains. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5507 * Command 'find_consts' searches for constants based on type and name
5510 find_consts "_ => bool"
5512 By default, matching is against subtypes, but it may be restricted to
5513 the whole type. Searching by name is possible. Multiple queries are
5514 conjunctive and queries may be negated by prefixing them with a
5517 find_consts strict: "_ => bool" name: "Int" -"int => int"
5519 * New 'find_theorems' criterion "solves" matches theorems that
5520 directly solve the current goal (modulo higher-order unification).
5522 * Auto solve feature for main theorem statements: whenever a new goal
5523 is stated, "find_theorems solves" is called; any theorems that could
5524 solve the lemma directly are listed as part of the goal state.
5525 Cf. associated options in Proof General Isabelle settings menu,
5526 enabled by default, with reasonable timeout for pathological cases of
5527 higher-order unification.
5530 *** Document preparation ***
5532 * Antiquotation @{lemma} now imitates a regular terminal proof,
5533 demanding keyword 'by' and supporting the full method expression
5534 syntax just like the Isar command 'by'.
5539 * Integrated main parts of former image HOL-Complex with HOL. Entry
5540 points Main and Complex_Main remain as before.
5542 * Logic image HOL-Plain provides a minimal HOL with the most important
5543 tools available (inductive, datatype, primrec, ...). This facilitates
5544 experimentation and tool development. Note that user applications
5545 (and library theories) should never refer to anything below theory
5548 * Logic image HOL-Main stops at theory Main, and thus facilitates
5549 experimentation due to shorter build times.
5551 * Logic image HOL-NSA contains theories of nonstandard analysis which
5552 were previously part of former HOL-Complex. Entry point Hyperreal
5553 remains valid, but theories formerly using Complex_Main should now use
5554 new entry point Hypercomplex.
5556 * Generic ATP manager for Sledgehammer, based on ML threads instead of
5557 Posix processes. Avoids potentially expensive forking of the ML
5558 process. New thread-based implementation also works on non-Unix
5559 platforms (Cygwin). Provers are no longer hardwired, but defined
5560 within the theory via plain ML wrapper functions. Basic Sledgehammer
5561 commands are covered in the isar-ref manual.
5563 * Wrapper scripts for remote SystemOnTPTP service allows to use
5564 sledgehammer without local ATP installation (Vampire etc.). Other
5565 provers may be included via suitable ML wrappers, see also
5566 src/HOL/ATP_Linkup.thy.
5568 * ATP selection (E/Vampire/Spass) is now via Proof General's settings
5571 * The metis method no longer fails because the theorem is too trivial
5572 (contains the empty clause).
5574 * The metis method now fails in the usual manner, rather than raising
5575 an exception, if it determines that it cannot prove the theorem.
5577 * Method "coherent" implements a prover for coherent logic (see also
5578 src/Tools/coherent.ML).
5580 * Constants "undefined" and "default" replace "arbitrary". Usually
5581 "undefined" is the right choice to replace "arbitrary", though
5582 logically there is no difference. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5584 * Command "value" now integrates different evaluation mechanisms. The
5585 result of the first successful evaluation mechanism is printed. In
5586 square brackets a particular named evaluation mechanisms may be
5587 specified (currently, [SML], [code] or [nbe]). See further
5588 src/HOL/ex/Eval_Examples.thy.
5590 * Normalization by evaluation now allows non-leftlinear equations.
5591 Declare with attribute [code nbe].
5593 * Methods "case_tac" and "induct_tac" now refer to the very same rules
5594 as the structured Isar versions "cases" and "induct", cf. the
5595 corresponding "cases" and "induct" attributes. Mutual induction rules
5596 are now presented as a list of individual projections
5597 (e.g. foo_bar.inducts for types foo and bar); the old format with
5598 explicit HOL conjunction is no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, in
5599 rare situations a different rule is selected --- notably nested tuple
5600 elimination instead of former prod.exhaust: use explicit (case_tac t
5601 rule: prod.exhaust) here.
5603 * Attributes "cases", "induct", "coinduct" support "del" option.
5605 * Removed fact "case_split_thm", which duplicates "case_split".
5607 * The option datatype has been moved to a new theory Option. Renamed
5608 option_map to Option.map, and o2s to Option.set, INCOMPATIBILITY.
5610 * New predicate "strict_mono" classifies strict functions on partial
5611 orders. With strict functions on linear orders, reasoning about
5612 (in)equalities is facilitated by theorems "strict_mono_eq",
5613 "strict_mono_less_eq" and "strict_mono_less".
5615 * Some set operations are now proper qualified constants with
5616 authentic syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY:
5627 * Class complete_lattice with operations Inf, Sup, INFI, SUPR now in
5630 * Auxiliary class "itself" has disappeared -- classes without any
5631 parameter are treated as expected by the 'class' command.
5633 * Leibnitz's Series for Pi and the arcus tangens and logarithm series.
5635 * Common decision procedures (Cooper, MIR, Ferrack, Approximation,
5636 Dense_Linear_Order) are now in directory HOL/Decision_Procs.
5638 * Theory src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Approximation provides the new proof
5639 method "approximation". It proves formulas on real values by using
5640 interval arithmetic. In the formulas are also the transcendental
5641 functions sin, cos, tan, atan, ln, exp and the constant pi are
5642 allowed. For examples see
5643 src/HOL/Descision_Procs/ex/Approximation_Ex.thy.
5645 * Theory "Reflection" now resides in HOL/Library.
5647 * Entry point to Word library now simply named "Word".
5650 * Made source layout more coherent with logical distribution
5653 src/HOL/Library/RType.thy ~> src/HOL/Typerep.thy
5654 src/HOL/Library/Code_Message.thy ~> src/HOL/
5655 src/HOL/Library/GCD.thy ~> src/HOL/
5656 src/HOL/Library/Order_Relation.thy ~> src/HOL/
5657 src/HOL/Library/Parity.thy ~> src/HOL/
5658 src/HOL/Library/Univ_Poly.thy ~> src/HOL/
5659 src/HOL/Real/ContNotDenum.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
5660 src/HOL/Real/Lubs.thy ~> src/HOL/
5661 src/HOL/Real/PReal.thy ~> src/HOL/
5662 src/HOL/Real/Rational.thy ~> src/HOL/
5663 src/HOL/Real/RComplete.thy ~> src/HOL/
5664 src/HOL/Real/RealDef.thy ~> src/HOL/
5665 src/HOL/Real/RealPow.thy ~> src/HOL/
5666 src/HOL/Real/Real.thy ~> src/HOL/
5667 src/HOL/Complex/Complex_Main.thy ~> src/HOL/
5668 src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy ~> src/HOL/
5669 src/HOL/Complex/FrechetDeriv.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
5670 src/HOL/Complex/Fundamental_Theorem_Algebra.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
5671 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Deriv.thy ~> src/HOL/
5672 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Fact.thy ~> src/HOL/
5673 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Integration.thy ~> src/HOL/
5674 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Lim.thy ~> src/HOL/
5675 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Ln.thy ~> src/HOL/
5676 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Log.thy ~> src/HOL/
5677 src/HOL/Hyperreal/MacLaurin.thy ~> src/HOL/
5678 src/HOL/Hyperreal/NthRoot.thy ~> src/HOL/
5679 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Series.thy ~> src/HOL/
5680 src/HOL/Hyperreal/SEQ.thy ~> src/HOL/
5681 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Taylor.thy ~> src/HOL/
5682 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Transcendental.thy ~> src/HOL/
5683 src/HOL/Real/Float ~> src/HOL/Library/
5684 src/HOL/Real/HahnBanach ~> src/HOL/HahnBanach
5685 src/HOL/Real/RealVector.thy ~> src/HOL/
5687 src/HOL/arith_data.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5688 src/HOL/hologic.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5689 src/HOL/simpdata.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5690 src/HOL/int_arith1.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools/int_arith.ML
5691 src/HOL/int_factor_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5692 src/HOL/nat_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5693 src/HOL/Real/float_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5694 src/HOL/Real/float_syntax.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5695 src/HOL/Real/rat_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5696 src/HOL/Real/real_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
5698 src/HOL/Library/Array.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
5699 src/HOL/Library/Heap_Monad.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
5700 src/HOL/Library/Heap.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
5701 src/HOL/Library/Imperative_HOL.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
5702 src/HOL/Library/Ref.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
5703 src/HOL/Library/Relational.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
5705 * If methods "eval" and "evaluation" encounter a structured proof
5706 state with !!/==>, only the conclusion is evaluated to True (if
5707 possible), avoiding strange error messages.
5709 * Method "sizechange" automates termination proofs using (a
5710 modification of) the size-change principle. Requires SAT solver. See
5711 src/HOL/ex/Termination.thy for examples.
5713 * Simplifier: simproc for let expressions now unfolds if bound
5714 variable occurs at most once in let expression body. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5716 * Method "arith": Linear arithmetic now ignores all inequalities when
5717 fast_arith_neq_limit is exceeded, instead of giving up entirely.
5719 * New attribute "arith" for facts that should always be used
5720 automatically by arithmetic. It is intended to be used locally in
5723 assumes [arith]: "x > 0"
5725 Global usage is discouraged because of possible performance impact.
5727 * New classes "top" and "bot" with corresponding operations "top" and
5728 "bot" in theory Orderings; instantiation of class "complete_lattice"
5729 requires instantiation of classes "top" and "bot". INCOMPATIBILITY.
5731 * Changed definition lemma "less_fun_def" in order to provide an
5732 instance for preorders on functions; use lemma "less_le" instead.
5735 * Theory Orderings: class "wellorder" moved here, with explicit
5736 induction rule "less_induct" as assumption. For instantiation of
5737 "wellorder" by means of predicate "wf", use rule wf_wellorderI.
5740 * Theory Orderings: added class "preorder" as superclass of "order".
5741 INCOMPATIBILITY: Instantiation proofs for order, linorder
5742 etc. slightly changed. Some theorems named order_class.* now named
5745 * Theory Relation: renamed "refl" to "refl_on", "reflexive" to "refl,
5748 * Theory Finite_Set: added a new fold combinator of type
5750 ('a => 'b => 'b) => 'b => 'a set => 'b
5752 Occasionally this is more convenient than the old fold combinator
5753 which is now defined in terms of the new one and renamed to
5756 * Theories Ring_and_Field and OrderedGroup: The lemmas "group_simps"
5757 and "ring_simps" have been replaced by "algebra_simps" (which can be
5758 extended with further lemmas!). At the moment both still exist but
5759 the former will disappear at some point.
5761 * Theory Power: Lemma power_Suc is now declared as a simp rule in
5762 class recpower. Type-specific simp rules for various recpower types
5763 have been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY, rename old lemmas as follows:
5765 rat_power_0 -> power_0
5766 rat_power_Suc -> power_Suc
5767 realpow_0 -> power_0
5768 realpow_Suc -> power_Suc
5769 complexpow_0 -> power_0
5770 complexpow_Suc -> power_Suc
5771 power_poly_0 -> power_0
5772 power_poly_Suc -> power_Suc
5774 * Theories Ring_and_Field and Divides: Definition of "op dvd" has been
5775 moved to separate class dvd in Ring_and_Field; a couple of lemmas on
5776 dvd has been generalized to class comm_semiring_1. Likewise a bunch
5777 of lemmas from Divides has been generalized from nat to class
5778 semiring_div. INCOMPATIBILITY. This involves the following theorem
5779 renames resulting from duplicate elimination:
5781 dvd_def_mod ~> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0
5782 zero_dvd_iff ~> dvd_0_left_iff
5783 dvd_0 ~> dvd_0_right
5784 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_DIV ~> div_by_0
5785 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_MOD ~> mod_by_0
5786 mult_div ~> div_mult_self2_is_id
5787 mult_mod ~> mod_mult_self2_is_0
5789 * Theory IntDiv: removed many lemmas that are instances of class-based
5790 generalizations (from Divides and Ring_and_Field). INCOMPATIBILITY,
5791 rename old lemmas as follows:
5793 dvd_diff -> nat_dvd_diff
5794 dvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
5795 mod_add1_eq -> mod_add_eq
5796 mod_mult1_eq -> mod_mult_right_eq
5797 mod_mult1_eq' -> mod_mult_left_eq
5798 mod_mult_distrib_mod -> mod_mult_eq
5799 nat_mod_add_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
5800 nat_mod_add_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
5801 nat_mod_div_trivial -> mod_div_trivial
5802 nat_mod_mod_trivial -> mod_mod_trivial
5803 zdiv_zadd_self1 -> div_add_self1
5804 zdiv_zadd_self2 -> div_add_self2
5805 zdiv_zmult_self1 -> div_mult_self2_is_id
5806 zdiv_zmult_self2 -> div_mult_self1_is_id
5807 zdvd_triv_left -> dvd_triv_left
5808 zdvd_triv_right -> dvd_triv_right
5809 zdvd_zmult_cancel_disj -> dvd_mult_cancel_left
5810 zmod_eq0_zdvd_iff -> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0[symmetric]
5811 zmod_zadd_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
5812 zmod_zadd_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
5813 zmod_zadd_self1 -> mod_add_self1
5814 zmod_zadd_self2 -> mod_add_self2
5815 zmod_zadd1_eq -> mod_add_eq
5816 zmod_zdiff1_eq -> mod_diff_eq
5817 zmod_zdvd_zmod -> mod_mod_cancel
5818 zmod_zmod_cancel -> mod_mod_cancel
5819 zmod_zmult_self1 -> mod_mult_self2_is_0
5820 zmod_zmult_self2 -> mod_mult_self1_is_0
5823 zdvd_abs1 -> abs_dvd_iff
5824 zdvd_abs2 -> dvd_abs_iff
5825 zdvd_refl -> dvd_refl
5826 zdvd_trans -> dvd_trans
5827 zdvd_zadd -> dvd_add
5828 zdvd_zdiff -> dvd_diff
5829 zdvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
5830 zdvd_zminus2_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
5831 zdvd_zmultD -> dvd_mult_right
5832 zdvd_zmultD2 -> dvd_mult_left
5833 zdvd_zmult_mono -> mult_dvd_mono
5834 zdvd_0_right -> dvd_0_right
5835 zdvd_0_left -> dvd_0_left_iff
5836 zdvd_1_left -> one_dvd
5837 zminus_dvd_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
5839 * Theory Rational: 'Fract k 0' now equals '0'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5841 * The real numbers offer decimal input syntax: 12.34 is translated
5842 into 1234/10^2. This translation is not reversed upon output.
5844 * Theory Library/Polynomial defines an abstract type 'a poly of
5845 univariate polynomials with coefficients of type 'a. In addition to
5846 the standard ring operations, it also supports div and mod. Code
5847 generation is also supported, using list-style constructors.
5849 * Theory Library/Inner_Product defines a class of real_inner for real
5850 inner product spaces, with an overloaded operation inner :: 'a => 'a
5851 => real. Class real_inner is a subclass of real_normed_vector from
5854 * Theory Library/Product_Vector provides instances for the product
5855 type 'a * 'b of several classes from RealVector and Inner_Product.
5856 Definitions of addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, norms,
5857 and inner products are included.
5859 * Theory Library/Bit defines the field "bit" of integers modulo 2. In
5860 addition to the field operations, numerals and case syntax are also
5863 * Theory Library/Diagonalize provides constructive version of Cantor's
5864 first diagonalization argument.
5866 * Theory Library/GCD: Curried operations gcd, lcm (for nat) and zgcd,
5867 zlcm (for int); carried together from various gcd/lcm developements in
5868 the HOL Distribution. Constants zgcd and zlcm replace former igcd and
5869 ilcm; corresponding theorems renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY,
5870 may recover tupled syntax as follows:
5872 hide (open) const gcd
5873 abbreviation gcd where
5874 "gcd == (%(a, b). GCD.gcd a b)"
5876 GCD.gcd ("gcd '(_, _')")
5878 The same works for lcm, zgcd, zlcm.
5880 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity: added addition, numeral syntax and more
5881 instantiations for algebraic structures. Removed some duplicate
5882 theorems. Changes in simp rules. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5884 * ML antiquotation @{code} takes a constant as argument and generates
5885 corresponding code in background and inserts name of the corresponding
5886 resulting ML value/function/datatype constructor binding in place.
5887 All occurrences of @{code} with a single ML block are generated
5888 simultaneously. Provides a generic and safe interface for
5889 instrumentalizing code generation. See
5890 src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Ferrack.thy for a more ambitious application.
5891 In future you ought to refrain from ad-hoc compiling generated SML
5892 code on the ML toplevel. Note that (for technical reasons) @{code}
5893 cannot refer to constants for which user-defined serializations are
5894 set. Refer to the corresponding ML counterpart directly in that
5897 * Command 'rep_datatype': instead of theorem names the command now
5898 takes a list of terms denoting the constructors of the type to be
5899 represented as datatype. The characteristic theorems have to be
5900 proven. INCOMPATIBILITY. Also observe that the following theorems
5901 have disappeared in favour of existing ones:
5903 unit_induct ~> unit.induct
5904 prod_induct ~> prod.induct
5905 sum_induct ~> sum.induct
5906 Suc_Suc_eq ~> nat.inject
5907 Suc_not_Zero Zero_not_Suc ~> nat.distinct
5912 * New locales for orders and lattices where the equivalence relation
5913 is not restricted to equality. INCOMPATIBILITY: all order and lattice
5914 locales use a record structure with field eq for the equivalence.
5916 * New theory of factorial domains.
5918 * Units_l_inv and Units_r_inv are now simp rules by default.
5919 INCOMPATIBILITY. Simplifier proof that require deletion of l_inv
5920 and/or r_inv will now also require deletion of these lemmas.
5922 * Renamed the following theorems, INCOMPATIBILITY:
5924 UpperD ~> Upper_memD
5925 LowerD ~> Lower_memD
5926 least_carrier ~> least_closed
5927 greatest_carrier ~> greatest_closed
5928 greatest_Lower_above ~> greatest_Lower_below
5929 one_zero ~> carrier_one_zero
5930 one_not_zero ~> carrier_one_not_zero (collision with assumption)
5935 * Nominal datatypes can now contain type-variables.
5937 * Commands 'nominal_inductive' and 'equivariance' work with local
5940 * Nominal primrec can now works with local theory targets and its
5941 specification syntax now conforms to the general format as seen in
5944 * Method "perm_simp" honours the standard simplifier attributes
5945 (no_asm), (no_asm_use) etc.
5947 * The new predicate #* is defined like freshness, except that on the
5948 left hand side can be a set or list of atoms.
5950 * Experimental command 'nominal_inductive2' derives strong induction
5951 principles for inductive definitions. In contrast to
5952 'nominal_inductive', which can only deal with a fixed number of
5953 binders, it can deal with arbitrary expressions standing for sets of
5954 atoms to be avoided. The only inductive definition we have at the
5955 moment that needs this generalisation is the typing rule for Lets in
5958 Gamma |- t1 : T1 (x,close Gamma T1)::Gamma |- t2 : T2 x#Gamma
5959 -----------------------------------------------------------------
5960 Gamma |- Let x be t1 in t2 : T2
5962 In this rule one wants to avoid all the binders that are introduced by
5963 "close Gamma T1". We are looking for other examples where this
5964 feature might be useful. Please let us know.
5969 * Reimplemented the simplification procedure for proving continuity
5970 subgoals. The new simproc is extensible; users can declare additional
5971 continuity introduction rules with the attribute [cont2cont].
5973 * The continuity simproc now uses a different introduction rule for
5974 solving continuity subgoals on terms with lambda abstractions. In
5975 some rare cases the new simproc may fail to solve subgoals that the
5976 old one could solve, and "simp add: cont2cont_LAM" may be necessary.
5977 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
5979 * Command 'fixrec': specification syntax now conforms to the general
5980 format as seen in 'inductive' etc. See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
5981 examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5986 * Proof of Zorn's Lemma for partial orders.
5991 * Multithreading for Poly/ML 5.1/5.2 is no longer supported, only for
5992 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later. Important note: the TimeLimit facility
5993 depends on multithreading, so timouts will not work before Poly/ML
5996 * High-level support for concurrent ML programming, see
5997 src/Pure/Cuncurrent. The data-oriented model of "future values" is
5998 particularly convenient to organize independent functional
5999 computations. The concept of "synchronized variables" provides a
6000 higher-order interface for components with shared state, avoiding the
6001 delicate details of mutexes and condition variables. (Requires
6002 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
6004 * ML bindings produced via Isar commands are stored within the Isar
6005 context (theory or proof). Consequently, commands like 'use' and 'ML'
6006 become thread-safe and work with undo as expected (concerning
6007 top-level bindings, not side-effects on global references).
6008 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to provide proper Isar context when invoking the
6009 compiler at runtime; really global bindings need to be given outside a
6010 theory. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
6012 * Command 'ML_prf' is analogous to 'ML' but works within a proof
6013 context. Top-level ML bindings are stored within the proof context in
6014 a purely sequential fashion, disregarding the nested proof structure.
6015 ML bindings introduced by 'ML_prf' are discarded at the end of the
6016 proof. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
6018 * Simplified ML attribute and method setup, cf. functions Attrib.setup
6019 and Method.setup, as well as Isar commands 'attribute_setup' and
6020 'method_setup'. INCOMPATIBILITY for 'method_setup', need to simplify
6021 existing code accordingly, or use plain 'setup' together with old
6024 * Simplified ML oracle interface Thm.add_oracle promotes 'a -> cterm
6025 to 'a -> thm, while results are always tagged with an authentic oracle
6026 name. The Isar command 'oracle' is now polymorphic, no argument type
6027 is specified. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify existing oracle code
6028 accordingly. Note that extra performance may be gained by producing
6029 the cterm carefully, avoiding slow Thm.cterm_of.
6031 * Simplified interface for defining document antiquotations via
6032 ThyOutput.antiquotation, ThyOutput.output, and optionally
6033 ThyOutput.maybe_pretty_source. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify user
6034 antiquotations accordingly, see src/Pure/Thy/thy_output.ML for common
6037 * More systematic treatment of long names, abstract name bindings, and
6038 name space operations. Basic operations on qualified names have been
6039 move from structure NameSpace to Long_Name, e.g. Long_Name.base_name,
6040 Long_Name.append. Old type bstring has been mostly replaced by
6041 abstract type binding (see structure Binding), which supports precise
6042 qualification by packages and local theory targets, as well as proper
6043 tracking of source positions. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to wrap old
6044 bstring values into Binding.name, or better pass through abstract
6045 bindings everywhere. See further src/Pure/General/long_name.ML,
6046 src/Pure/General/binding.ML and src/Pure/General/name_space.ML
6048 * Result facts (from PureThy.note_thms, ProofContext.note_thms,
6049 LocalTheory.note etc.) now refer to the *full* internal name, not the
6050 bstring as before. INCOMPATIBILITY, not detected by ML type-checking!
6052 * Disposed old type and term read functions (Sign.read_def_typ,
6053 Sign.read_typ, Sign.read_def_terms, Sign.read_term,
6054 Thm.read_def_cterms, Thm.read_cterm etc.). INCOMPATIBILITY, should
6055 use regular Syntax.read_typ, Syntax.read_term, Syntax.read_typ_global,
6056 Syntax.read_term_global etc.; see also OldGoals.read_term as last
6057 resort for legacy applications.
6059 * Disposed old declarations, tactics, tactic combinators that refer to
6060 the simpset or claset of an implicit theory (such as Addsimps,
6061 Simp_tac, SIMPSET). INCOMPATIBILITY, should use @{simpset} etc. in
6062 embedded ML text, or local_simpset_of with a proper context passed as
6063 explicit runtime argument.
6065 * Rules and tactics that read instantiations (read_instantiate,
6066 res_inst_tac, thin_tac, subgoal_tac etc.) now demand a proper proof
6067 context, which is required for parsing and type-checking. Moreover,
6068 the variables are specified as plain indexnames, not string encodings
6069 thereof. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6071 * Generic Toplevel.add_hook interface allows to analyze the result of
6072 transactions. E.g. see src/Pure/ProofGeneral/proof_general_pgip.ML
6073 for theorem dependency output of transactions resulting in a new
6076 * ML antiquotations: block-structured compilation context indicated by
6077 \<lbrace> ... \<rbrace>; additional antiquotation forms:
6079 @{binding name} - basic name binding
6080 @{let ?pat = term} - term abbreviation (HO matching)
6081 @{note name = fact} - fact abbreviation
6082 @{thm fact} - singleton fact (with attributes)
6083 @{thms fact} - general fact (with attributes)
6084 @{lemma prop by method} - singleton goal
6085 @{lemma prop by meth1 meth2} - singleton goal
6086 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by method} - general goal
6087 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by meth1 meth2} - general goal
6088 @{lemma (open) ...} - open derivation
6093 * The Isabelle "emacs" tool provides a specific interface to invoke
6094 Proof General / Emacs, with more explicit failure if that is not
6095 installed (the old isabelle-interface script silently falls back on
6096 isabelle-process). The PROOFGENERAL_HOME setting determines the
6097 installation location of the Proof General distribution.
6099 * Isabelle/lib/classes/Pure.jar provides basic support to integrate
6100 the Isabelle process into a JVM/Scala application. See
6101 Isabelle/lib/jedit/plugin for a minimal example. (The obsolete Java
6102 process wrapper has been discontinued.)
6104 * Added homegrown Isabelle font with unicode layout, see lib/fonts.
6106 * Various status messages (with exact source position information) are
6107 emitted, if proper markup print mode is enabled. This allows
6108 user-interface components to provide detailed feedback on internal
6113 New in Isabelle2008 (June 2008)
6114 -------------------------------
6118 * The Isabelle/Isar Reference Manual (isar-ref) has been reorganized
6119 and updated, with formally checked references as hyperlinks.
6121 * Theory loader: use_thy (and similar operations) no longer set the
6122 implicit ML context, which was occasionally hard to predict and in
6123 conflict with concurrency. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML within Isar which
6124 provides a proper context already.
6126 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
6127 file are no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, regular 'uses' and
6128 'use' within a theory file will do the job.
6130 * Name space merge now observes canonical order, i.e. the second space
6131 is inserted into the first one, while existing entries in the first
6132 space take precedence. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, may try to
6133 swap theory imports.
6135 * Syntax: symbol \<chi> is now considered a letter. Potential
6136 INCOMPATIBILITY in identifier syntax etc.
6138 * Outer syntax: string tokens no longer admit escaped white space,
6139 which was an accidental (undocumented) feature. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
6140 white space without escapes.
6142 * Outer syntax: string tokens may contain arbitrary character codes
6143 specified via 3 decimal digits (as in SML). E.g. "foo\095bar" for
6149 * Context-dependent token translations. Default setup reverts locally
6150 fixed variables, and adds hilite markup for undeclared frees.
6152 * Unused theorems can be found using the new command 'unused_thms'.
6153 There are three ways of invoking it:
6156 Only finds unused theorems in the current theory.
6158 (2) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n -
6159 Finds unused theorems in the current theory and all of its ancestors,
6160 excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of their ancestors.
6162 (3) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n - thy'_1 ... thy'_m
6163 Finds unused theorems in the theories thy'_1 ... thy'_m and all of
6164 their ancestors, excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of
6167 In order to increase the readability of the list produced by
6168 unused_thms, theorems that have been created by a particular instance
6169 of a theory command such as 'inductive' or 'function' are considered
6170 to belong to the same "group", meaning that if at least one theorem in
6171 this group is used, the other theorems in the same group are no longer
6172 reported as unused. Moreover, if all theorems in the group are
6173 unused, only one theorem in the group is displayed.
6175 Note that proof objects have to be switched on in order for
6176 unused_thms to work properly (i.e. !proofs must be >= 1, which is
6177 usually the case when using Proof General with the default settings).
6179 * Authentic naming of facts disallows ad-hoc overwriting of previous
6180 theorems within the same name space. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to remove
6181 duplicate fact bindings, or even accidental fact duplications. Note
6182 that tools may maintain dynamically scoped facts systematically, using
6183 PureThy.add_thms_dynamic.
6185 * Command 'hide' now allows to hide from "fact" name space as well.
6187 * Eliminated destructive theorem database, simpset, claset, and
6188 clasimpset. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, really need to observe linear
6189 update of theories within ML code.
6191 * Eliminated theory ProtoPure and CPure, leaving just one Pure theory.
6192 INCOMPATIBILITY, object-logics depending on former Pure require
6193 additional setup PureThy.old_appl_syntax_setup; object-logics
6194 depending on former CPure need to refer to Pure.
6196 * Commands 'use' and 'ML' are now purely functional, operating on
6197 theory/local_theory. Removed former 'ML_setup' (on theory), use 'ML'
6198 instead. Added 'ML_val' as mere diagnostic replacement for 'ML'.
6201 * Command 'setup': discontinued implicit version with ML reference.
6203 * Instantiation target allows for simultaneous specification of class
6204 instance operations together with an instantiation proof.
6205 Type-checking phase allows to refer to class operations uniformly.
6206 See src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy for an Isar example and
6207 src/HOL/Library/Eval.thy for an ML example.
6209 * Indexing of literal facts: be more serious about including only
6210 facts from the visible specification/proof context, but not the
6211 background context (locale etc.). Affects `prop` notation and method
6212 "fact". INCOMPATIBILITY: need to name facts explicitly in rare
6215 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": removed obsolete/undocumented
6216 "(open)" option, which used to expose internal bound variables to the
6219 * Isar statements: removed obsolete case "rule_context".
6220 INCOMPATIBILITY, better use explicit fixes/assumes.
6222 * Locale proofs: default proof step now includes 'unfold_locales';
6223 hence 'proof' without argument may be used to unfold locale
6227 *** Document preparation ***
6229 * Simplified pdfsetup.sty: color/hyperref is used unconditionally for
6230 both pdf and dvi (hyperlinks usually work in xdvi as well); removed
6231 obsolete thumbpdf setup (contemporary PDF viewers do this on the
6232 spot); renamed link color from "darkblue" to "linkcolor" (default
6233 value unchanged, can be redefined via \definecolor); no longer sets
6234 "a4paper" option (unnecessary or even intrusive).
6236 * Antiquotation @{lemma A method} proves proposition A by the given
6237 method (either a method name or a method name plus (optional) method
6238 arguments in parentheses) and prints A just like @{prop A}.
6243 * New primrec package. Specification syntax conforms in style to
6244 definition/function/.... No separate induction rule is provided. The
6245 "primrec" command distinguishes old-style and new-style specifications
6246 by syntax. The former primrec package is now named OldPrimrecPackage.
6247 When adjusting theories, beware: constants stemming from new-style
6248 primrec specifications have authentic syntax.
6250 * Metis prover is now an order of magnitude faster, and also works
6251 with multithreading.
6253 * Metis: the maximum number of clauses that can be produced from a
6254 theorem is now given by the attribute max_clauses. Theorems that
6255 exceed this number are ignored, with a warning printed.
6257 * Sledgehammer no longer produces structured proofs by default. To
6258 enable, declare [[sledgehammer_full = true]]. Attributes
6259 reconstruction_modulus, reconstruction_sorts renamed
6260 sledgehammer_modulus, sledgehammer_sorts. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6262 * Method "induct_scheme" derives user-specified induction rules
6263 from well-founded induction and completeness of patterns. This factors
6264 out some operations that are done internally by the function package
6265 and makes them available separately. See
6266 src/HOL/ex/Induction_Scheme.thy for examples.
6268 * More flexible generation of measure functions for termination
6269 proofs: Measure functions can be declared by proving a rule of the
6270 form "is_measure f" and giving it the [measure_function] attribute.
6271 The "is_measure" predicate is logically meaningless (always true), and
6272 just guides the heuristic. To find suitable measure functions, the
6273 termination prover sets up the goal "is_measure ?f" of the appropriate
6274 type and generates all solutions by Prolog-style backward proof using
6277 This setup also deals with rules like
6279 "is_measure f ==> is_measure (list_size f)"
6281 which accommodates nested datatypes that recurse through lists.
6282 Similar rules are predeclared for products and option types.
6284 * Turned the type of sets "'a set" into an abbreviation for "'a => bool"
6288 - Definitions of overloaded constants on sets have to be replaced by
6289 definitions on => and bool.
6291 - Some definitions of overloaded operators on sets can now be proved
6292 using the definitions of the operators on => and bool. Therefore,
6293 the following theorems have been renamed:
6295 subset_def -> subset_eq
6296 psubset_def -> psubset_eq
6297 set_diff_def -> set_diff_eq
6298 Compl_def -> Compl_eq
6299 Sup_set_def -> Sup_set_eq
6300 Inf_set_def -> Inf_set_eq
6301 sup_set_def -> sup_set_eq
6302 inf_set_def -> inf_set_eq
6304 - Due to the incompleteness of the HO unification algorithm, some
6305 rules such as subst may require manual instantiation, if some of
6306 the unknowns in the rule is a set.
6308 - Higher order unification and forward proofs:
6311 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
6312 then have "EX S. P S" ..
6314 no longer works (due to the incompleteness of the HO unification
6315 algorithm) and must be replaced by the pattern
6322 - Calculational reasoning with subst (or similar rules):
6325 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
6326 also have "S = T" <...>
6327 finally have "P T" .
6329 no longer works (for similar reasons as the previous example) and
6330 must be replaced by something like
6332 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
6333 moreover have "S = T" <...>
6334 ultimately have "P T" by simp
6336 - Tactics or packages written in ML code:
6337 Code performing pattern matching on types via
6339 Type ("set", [T]) => ...
6341 must be rewritten. Moreover, functions like strip_type or
6342 binder_types no longer return the right value when applied to a
6345 T1 => ... => Tn => U => bool
6349 T1 => ... => Tn => U set
6351 * Merged theories Wellfounded_Recursion, Accessible_Part and
6352 Wellfounded_Relations to theory Wellfounded.
6354 * Explicit class "eq" for executable equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6356 * Class finite no longer treats UNIV as class parameter. Use class
6357 enum from theory Library/Enum instead to achieve a similar effect.
6360 * Theory List: rule list_induct2 now has explicitly named cases "Nil"
6361 and "Cons". INCOMPATIBILITY.
6363 * HOL (and FOL): renamed variables in rules imp_elim and swap.
6364 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
6366 * Theory Product_Type: duplicated lemmas split_Pair_apply and
6367 injective_fst_snd removed, use split_eta and prod_eqI instead.
6368 Renamed upd_fst to apfst and upd_snd to apsnd. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6370 * Theory Nat: removed redundant lemmas that merely duplicate lemmas of
6371 the same name in theory Orderings:
6381 Renamed less_imp_le to less_imp_le_nat, and less_irrefl to
6382 less_irrefl_nat. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to more general types
6383 and different variable names.
6385 * Library/Option_ord.thy: Canonical order on option type.
6387 * Library/RBT.thy: Red-black trees, an efficient implementation of
6390 * Library/Countable.thy: Type class for countable types.
6392 * Theory Int: The representation of numerals has changed. The infix
6393 operator BIT and the bit datatype with constructors B0 and B1 have
6394 disappeared. INCOMPATIBILITY, use "Int.Bit0 x" and "Int.Bit1 y" in
6395 place of "x BIT bit.B0" and "y BIT bit.B1", respectively. Theorems
6396 involving BIT, B0, or B1 have been renamed with "Bit0" or "Bit1"
6399 * Theory Nat: definition of <= and < on natural numbers no longer
6400 depend on well-founded relations. INCOMPATIBILITY. Definitions
6401 le_def and less_def have disappeared. Consider lemmas not_less
6402 [symmetric, where ?'a = nat] and less_eq [symmetric] instead.
6404 * Theory Finite_Set: locales ACf, ACe, ACIf, ACIfSL and ACIfSLlin
6405 (whose purpose mainly is for various fold_set functionals) have been
6406 abandoned in favor of the existing algebraic classes
6407 ab_semigroup_mult, comm_monoid_mult, ab_semigroup_idem_mult,
6408 lower_semilattice (resp. upper_semilattice) and linorder.
6411 * Theory Transitive_Closure: induct and cases rules now declare proper
6412 case_names ("base" and "step"). INCOMPATIBILITY.
6414 * Theorem Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct generalized to complete
6415 lattices. The form set-specific version is available as
6416 Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct_set.
6418 * Renamed theorems "power.simps" to "power_int.simps".
6421 * Class semiring_div provides basic abstract properties of semirings
6422 with division and modulo operations. Subsumes former class dvd_mod.
6424 * Merged theories IntDef, Numeral and IntArith into unified theory
6425 Int. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6427 * Theory Library/Code_Index: type "index" now represents natural
6428 numbers rather than integers. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6430 * New class "uminus" with operation "uminus" (split of from class
6431 "minus" which now only has operation "minus", binary).
6434 * Constants "card", "internal_split", "option_map" now with authentic
6435 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6437 * Definitions subset_def, psubset_def, set_diff_def, Compl_def,
6438 le_bool_def, less_bool_def, le_fun_def, less_fun_def, inf_bool_def,
6439 sup_bool_def, Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, inf_fun_def, sup_fun_def,
6440 Inf_fun_def, Sup_fun_def, inf_set_def, sup_set_def, Inf_set_def,
6441 Sup_set_def, le_def, less_def, option_map_def now with object
6442 equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6444 * Records. Removed K_record, and replaced it by pure lambda term
6445 %x. c. The simplifier setup is now more robust against eta expansion.
6446 INCOMPATIBILITY: in cases explicitly referring to K_record.
6448 * Library/Multiset: {#a, b, c#} abbreviates {#a#} + {#b#} + {#c#}.
6450 * Library/ListVector: new theory of arithmetic vector operations.
6452 * Library/Order_Relation: new theory of various orderings as sets of
6453 pairs. Defines preorders, partial orders, linear orders and
6454 well-orders on sets and on types.
6459 * Renamed some theories to allow to loading both ZF and HOL in the
6462 Datatype -> Datatype_ZF
6463 Inductive -> Inductive_ZF
6470 INCOMPATIBILITY: ZF theories that import individual theories below
6471 Main might need to be adapted. Regular theory Main is still
6472 available, as trivial extension of Main_ZF.
6477 * ML within Isar: antiquotation @{const name} or @{const
6478 name(typargs)} produces statically-checked Const term.
6480 * Functor NamedThmsFun: data is available to the user as dynamic fact
6481 (of the same name). Removed obsolete print command.
6483 * Removed obsolete "use_legacy_bindings" function.
6485 * The ``print mode'' is now a thread-local value derived from a global
6486 template (the former print_mode reference), thus access becomes
6487 non-critical. The global print_mode reference is for session
6488 management only; user-code should use print_mode_value,
6489 print_mode_active, PrintMode.setmp etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6491 * Functions system/system_out provide a robust way to invoke external
6492 shell commands, with propagation of interrupts (requires Poly/ML
6493 5.2.1). Do not use OS.Process.system etc. from the basis library!
6498 * Default settings: PROOFGENERAL_OPTIONS no longer impose xemacs ---
6499 in accordance with Proof General 3.7, which prefers GNU emacs.
6501 * isatool tty runs Isabelle process with plain tty interaction;
6502 optional line editor may be specified via ISABELLE_LINE_EDITOR
6503 setting, the default settings attempt to locate "ledit" and "rlwrap".
6505 * isatool browser now works with Cygwin as well, using general
6506 "javapath" function defined in Isabelle process environment.
6508 * YXML notation provides a simple and efficient alternative to
6509 standard XML transfer syntax. See src/Pure/General/yxml.ML and
6510 isatool yxml as described in the Isabelle system manual.
6512 * JVM class isabelle.IsabelleProcess (located in Isabelle/lib/classes)
6513 provides general wrapper for managing an Isabelle process in a robust
6514 fashion, with ``cooked'' output from stdin/stderr.
6516 * Rudimentary Isabelle plugin for jEdit (see Isabelle/lib/jedit),
6517 based on Isabelle/JVM process wrapper (see Isabelle/lib/classes).
6519 * Removed obsolete THIS_IS_ISABELLE_BUILD feature. NB: the documented
6520 way of changing the user's settings is via
6521 ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/settings, which is a fully featured bash
6524 * Multithreading.max_threads := 0 refers to the number of actual CPU
6525 cores of the underlying machine, which is a good starting point for
6526 optimal performance tuning. The corresponding usedir option -M allows
6527 "max" as an alias for "0". WARNING: does not work on certain versions
6528 of Mac OS (with Poly/ML 5.1).
6530 * isabelle-process: non-ML sessions are run with "nice", to reduce the
6531 adverse effect of Isabelle flooding interactive front-ends (notably
6532 ProofGeneral / XEmacs).
6536 New in Isabelle2007 (November 2007)
6537 -----------------------------------
6541 * More uniform information about legacy features, notably a
6542 warning/error of "Legacy feature: ...", depending on the state of the
6543 tolerate_legacy_features flag (default true). FUTURE INCOMPATIBILITY:
6544 legacy features will disappear eventually.
6546 * Theory syntax: the header format ``theory A = B + C:'' has been
6547 discontinued in favour of ``theory A imports B C begin''. Use isatool
6548 fixheaders to convert existing theory files. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6550 * Theory syntax: the old non-Isar theory file format has been
6551 discontinued altogether. Note that ML proof scripts may still be used
6552 with Isar theories; migration is usually quite simple with the ML
6553 function use_legacy_bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6555 * Theory syntax: some popular names (e.g. 'class', 'declaration',
6556 'fun', 'help', 'if') are now keywords. INCOMPATIBILITY, use double
6559 * Theory loader: be more serious about observing the static theory
6560 header specifications (including optional directories), but not the
6561 accidental file locations of previously successful loads. The strict
6562 update policy of former update_thy is now already performed by
6563 use_thy, so the former has been removed; use_thys updates several
6564 theories simultaneously, just as 'imports' within a theory header
6565 specification, but without merging the results. Potential
6566 INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to refine theory headers and commands
6567 ROOT.ML which depend on load order.
6569 * Theory loader: optional support for content-based file
6570 identification, instead of the traditional scheme of full physical
6571 path plus date stamp; configured by the ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT setting
6572 (cf. the system manual). The new scheme allows to work with
6573 non-finished theories in persistent session images, such that source
6574 files may be moved later on without requiring reloads.
6576 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
6577 file (with the same base name as the theory) are considered a legacy
6578 feature, which will disappear eventually. Even now, the theory loader
6579 no longer maintains dependencies on such files.
6581 * Syntax: the scope for resolving ambiguities via type-inference is
6582 now limited to individual terms, instead of whole simultaneous
6583 specifications as before. This greatly reduces the complexity of the
6584 syntax module and improves flexibility by separating parsing and
6585 type-checking. INCOMPATIBILITY: additional type-constraints (explicit
6586 'fixes' etc.) are required in rare situations.
6588 * Syntax: constants introduced by new-style packages ('definition',
6589 'abbreviation' etc.) are passed through the syntax module in
6590 ``authentic mode''. This means that associated mixfix annotations
6591 really stick to such constants, independently of potential name space
6592 ambiguities introduced later on. INCOMPATIBILITY: constants in parse
6593 trees are represented slightly differently, may need to adapt syntax
6594 translations accordingly. Use CONST marker in 'translations' and
6595 @{const_syntax} antiquotation in 'parse_translation' etc.
6597 * Legacy goal package: reduced interface to the bare minimum required
6598 to keep existing proof scripts running. Most other user-level
6599 functions are now part of the OldGoals structure, which is *not* open
6600 by default (consider isatool expandshort before open OldGoals).
6601 Removed top_sg, prin, printyp, pprint_term/typ altogether, because
6602 these tend to cause confusion about the actual goal (!) context being
6603 used here, which is not necessarily the same as the_context().
6605 * Command 'find_theorems': supports "*" wild-card in "name:"
6606 criterion; "with_dups" option. Certain ProofGeneral versions might
6607 support a specific search form (see ProofGeneral/CHANGES).
6609 * The ``prems limit'' option (cf. ProofContext.prems_limit) is now -1
6610 by default, which means that "prems" (and also "fixed variables") are
6611 suppressed from proof state output. Note that the ProofGeneral
6612 settings mechanism allows to change and save options persistently, but
6613 older versions of Isabelle will fail to start up if a negative prems
6616 * Local theory targets may be specified by non-nested blocks of
6617 ``context/locale/class ... begin'' followed by ``end''. The body may
6618 contain definitions, theorems etc., including any derived mechanism
6619 that has been implemented on top of these primitives. This concept
6620 generalizes the existing ``theorem (in ...)'' towards more versatility
6623 * Proof General interface: proper undo of final 'end' command;
6624 discontinued Isabelle/classic mode (ML proof scripts).
6627 *** Document preparation ***
6629 * Added antiquotation @{theory name} which prints the given name,
6630 after checking that it refers to a valid ancestor theory in the
6633 * Added antiquotations @{ML_type text} and @{ML_struct text} which
6634 check the given source text as ML type/structure, printing verbatim.
6636 * Added antiquotation @{abbrev "c args"} which prints the abbreviation
6637 "c args == rhs" given in the current context. (Any number of
6638 arguments may be given on the LHS.)
6643 * The 'class' package offers a combination of axclass and locale to
6644 achieve Haskell-like type classes in Isabelle. Definitions and
6645 theorems within a class context produce both relative results (with
6646 implicit parameters according to the locale context), and polymorphic
6647 constants with qualified polymorphism (according to the class
6648 context). Within the body context of a 'class' target, a separate
6649 syntax layer ("user space type system") takes care of converting
6650 between global polymorphic consts and internal locale representation.
6651 See src/HOL/ex/Classpackage.thy for examples (as well as main HOL).
6652 "isatool doc classes" provides a tutorial.
6654 * Generic code generator framework allows to generate executable
6655 code for ML and Haskell (including Isabelle classes). A short usage
6658 internal compilation:
6659 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML
6660 writing SML code to a file:
6661 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML <filename>
6662 writing OCaml code to a file:
6663 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in OCaml <filename>
6664 writing Haskell code to a bunch of files:
6665 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in Haskell <filename>
6667 evaluating closed propositions to True/False using code generation:
6670 Reasonable default setup of framework in HOL.
6672 Theorem attributs for selecting and transforming function equations theorems:
6674 [code fun]: select a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
6675 [code fun del]: deselect a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
6676 [code inline]: select an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
6677 [code inline del]: deselect an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
6679 User-defined serializations (target in {SML, OCaml, Haskell}):
6681 code_const <and-list of constants (term syntax)>
6682 {(target) <and-list of const target syntax>}+
6684 code_type <and-list of type constructors>
6685 {(target) <and-list of type target syntax>}+
6687 code_instance <and-list of instances>
6689 where instance ::= <type constructor> :: <class>
6691 code_class <and_list of classes>
6692 {(target) <and-list of class target syntax>}+
6693 where class target syntax ::= <class name> {where {<classop> == <target syntax>}+}?
6695 code_instance and code_class only are effective to target Haskell.
6697 For example usage see src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator.thy and
6698 src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator_Pretty.thy. A separate tutorial on code
6699 generation from Isabelle/HOL theories is available via "isatool doc
6702 * Code generator: consts in 'consts_code' Isar commands are now
6703 referred to by usual term syntax (including optional type
6706 * Command 'no_translations' removes translation rules from theory
6709 * Overloaded definitions are now actually checked for acyclic
6710 dependencies. The overloading scheme is slightly more general than
6711 that of Haskell98, although Isabelle does not demand an exact
6712 correspondence to type class and instance declarations.
6713 INCOMPATIBILITY, use ``defs (unchecked overloaded)'' to admit more
6714 exotic versions of overloading -- at the discretion of the user!
6716 Polymorphic constants are represented via type arguments, i.e. the
6717 instantiation that matches an instance against the most general
6718 declaration given in the signature. For example, with the declaration
6719 c :: 'a => 'a => 'a, an instance c :: nat => nat => nat is represented
6720 as c(nat). Overloading is essentially simultaneous structural
6721 recursion over such type arguments. Incomplete specification patterns
6722 impose global constraints on all occurrences, e.g. c('a * 'a) on the
6723 LHS means that more general c('a * 'b) will be disallowed on any RHS.
6724 Command 'print_theory' outputs the normalized system of recursive
6725 equations, see section "definitions".
6727 * Configuration options are maintained within the theory or proof
6728 context (with name and type bool/int/string), providing a very simple
6729 interface to a poor-man's version of general context data. Tools may
6730 declare options in ML (e.g. using Attrib.config_int) and then refer to
6731 these values using Config.get etc. Users may change options via an
6732 associated attribute of the same name. This form of context
6733 declaration works particularly well with commands 'declare' or
6734 'using', for example ``declare [[foo = 42]]''. Thus it has become
6735 very easy to avoid global references, which would not observe Isar
6736 toplevel undo/redo and fail to work with multithreading.
6738 Various global ML references of Pure and HOL have been turned into
6739 configuration options:
6741 Unify.search_bound unify_search_bound
6742 Unify.trace_bound unify_trace_bound
6743 Unify.trace_simp unify_trace_simp
6744 Unify.trace_types unify_trace_types
6745 Simplifier.simp_depth_limit simp_depth_limit
6746 Blast.depth_limit blast_depth_limit
6747 DatatypeProp.dtK datatype_distinctness_limit
6748 fast_arith_neq_limit fast_arith_neq_limit
6749 fast_arith_split_limit fast_arith_split_limit
6751 * Named collections of theorems may be easily installed as context
6752 data using the functor NamedThmsFun (see also
6753 src/Pure/Tools/named_thms.ML). The user may add or delete facts via
6754 attributes; there is also a toplevel print command. This facility is
6755 just a common case of general context data, which is the preferred way
6756 for anything more complex than just a list of facts in canonical
6759 * Isar: command 'declaration' augments a local theory by generic
6760 declaration functions written in ML. This enables arbitrary content
6761 being added to the context, depending on a morphism that tells the
6762 difference of the original declaration context wrt. the application
6763 context encountered later on.
6765 * Isar: proper interfaces for simplification procedures. Command
6766 'simproc_setup' declares named simprocs (with match patterns, and body
6767 text in ML). Attribute "simproc" adds/deletes simprocs in the current
6768 context. ML antiquotation @{simproc name} retrieves named simprocs.
6770 * Isar: an extra pair of brackets around attribute declarations
6771 abbreviates a theorem reference involving an internal dummy fact,
6772 which will be ignored later --- only the effect of the attribute on
6773 the background context will persist. This form of in-place
6774 declarations is particularly useful with commands like 'declare' and
6775 'using', for example ``have A using [[simproc a]] by simp''.
6777 * Isar: method "assumption" (and implicit closing of subproofs) now
6778 takes simple non-atomic goal assumptions into account: after applying
6779 an assumption as a rule the resulting subgoals are solved by atomic
6780 assumption steps. This is particularly useful to finish 'obtain'
6781 goals, such as "!!x. (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> P x ==> thesis",
6782 without referring to the original premise "!!x. P x ==> thesis" in the
6783 Isar proof context. POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY: method "assumption" is
6786 * Isar: implicit use of prems from the Isar proof context is
6787 considered a legacy feature. Common applications like ``have A .''
6788 may be replaced by ``have A by fact'' or ``note `A`''. In general,
6789 referencing facts explicitly here improves readability and
6790 maintainability of proof texts.
6792 * Isar: improper proof element 'guess' is like 'obtain', but derives
6793 the obtained context from the course of reasoning! For example:
6795 assume "EX x y. A x & B y" -- "any previous fact"
6796 then guess x and y by clarify
6798 This technique is potentially adventurous, depending on the facts and
6799 proof tools being involved here.
6801 * Isar: known facts from the proof context may be specified as literal
6802 propositions, using ASCII back-quote syntax. This works wherever
6803 named facts used to be allowed so far, in proof commands, proof
6804 methods, attributes etc. Literal facts are retrieved from the context
6805 according to unification of type and term parameters. For example,
6806 provided that "A" and "A ==> B" and "!!x. P x ==> Q x" are known
6807 theorems in the current context, then these are valid literal facts:
6808 `A` and `A ==> B` and `!!x. P x ==> Q x" as well as `P a ==> Q a` etc.
6810 There is also a proof method "fact" which does the same composition
6811 for explicit goal states, e.g. the following proof texts coincide with
6812 certain special cases of literal facts:
6814 have "A" by fact == note `A`
6815 have "A ==> B" by fact == note `A ==> B`
6816 have "!!x. P x ==> Q x" by fact == note `!!x. P x ==> Q x`
6817 have "P a ==> Q a" by fact == note `P a ==> Q a`
6819 * Isar: ":" (colon) is no longer a symbolic identifier character in
6820 outer syntax. Thus symbolic identifiers may be used without
6821 additional white space in declarations like this: ``assume *: A''.
6823 * Isar: 'print_facts' prints all local facts of the current context,
6824 both named and unnamed ones.
6826 * Isar: 'def' now admits simultaneous definitions, e.g.:
6828 def x == "t" and y == "u"
6830 * Isar: added command 'unfolding', which is structurally similar to
6831 'using', but affects both the goal state and facts by unfolding given
6832 rewrite rules. Thus many occurrences of the 'unfold' method or
6833 'unfolded' attribute may be replaced by first-class proof text.
6835 * Isar: methods 'unfold' / 'fold', attributes 'unfolded' / 'folded',
6836 and command 'unfolding' now all support object-level equalities
6837 (potentially conditional). The underlying notion of rewrite rule is
6838 analogous to the 'rule_format' attribute, but *not* that of the
6839 Simplifier (which is usually more generous).
6841 * Isar: the new attribute [rotated n] (default n = 1) rotates the
6842 premises of a theorem by n. Useful in conjunction with drule.
6844 * Isar: the goal restriction operator [N] (default N = 1) evaluates a
6845 method expression within a sandbox consisting of the first N
6846 sub-goals, which need to exist. For example, ``simp_all [3]''
6847 simplifies the first three sub-goals, while (rule foo, simp_all)[]
6848 simplifies all new goals that emerge from applying rule foo to the
6849 originally first one.
6851 * Isar: schematic goals are no longer restricted to higher-order
6852 patterns; e.g. ``lemma "?P(?x)" by (rule TrueI)'' now works as
6855 * Isar: the conclusion of a long theorem statement is now either
6856 'shows' (a simultaneous conjunction, as before), or 'obtains'
6857 (essentially a disjunction of cases with local parameters and
6858 assumptions). The latter allows to express general elimination rules
6859 adequately; in this notation common elimination rules look like this:
6861 lemma exE: -- "EX x. P x ==> (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
6863 obtains x where "P x"
6865 lemma conjE: -- "A & B ==> (A ==> B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
6869 lemma disjE: -- "A | B ==> (A ==> thesis) ==> (B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
6875 The subsequent classical rules even refer to the formal "thesis"
6878 lemma classical: -- "(~ thesis ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
6881 lemma Peirce's_Law: -- "((thesis ==> something) ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
6882 obtains "thesis ==> something"
6884 The actual proof of an 'obtains' statement is analogous to that of the
6885 Isar proof element 'obtain', only that there may be several cases.
6886 Optional case names may be specified in parentheses; these will be
6887 available both in the present proof and as annotations in the
6888 resulting rule, for later use with the 'cases' method (cf. attribute
6891 * Isar: the assumptions of a long theorem statement are available as
6892 "assms" fact in the proof context. This is more appropriate than the
6893 (historical) "prems", which refers to all assumptions of the current
6894 context, including those from the target locale, proof body etc.
6896 * Isar: 'print_statement' prints theorems from the current theory or
6897 proof context in long statement form, according to the syntax of a
6900 * Isar: 'obtain' takes an optional case name for the local context
6901 introduction rule (default "that").
6903 * Isar: removed obsolete 'concl is' patterns. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
6904 explicit (is "_ ==> ?foo") in the rare cases where this still happens
6907 * Pure: syntax "CONST name" produces a fully internalized constant
6908 according to the current context. This is particularly useful for
6909 syntax translations that should refer to internal constant
6910 representations independently of name spaces.
6912 * Pure: syntax constant for foo (binder "FOO ") is called "foo_binder"
6913 instead of "FOO ". This allows multiple binder declarations to coexist
6914 in the same context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6916 * Isar/locales: 'notation' provides a robust interface to the 'syntax'
6917 primitive that also works in a locale context (both for constants and
6918 fixed variables). Type declaration and internal syntactic representation
6919 of given constants retrieved from the context. Likewise, the
6920 'no_notation' command allows to remove given syntax annotations from the
6923 * Isar/locales: new derived specification elements 'axiomatization',
6924 'definition', 'abbreviation', which support type-inference, admit
6925 object-level specifications (equality, equivalence). See also the
6926 isar-ref manual. Examples:
6929 eq (infix "===" 50) where
6930 eq_refl: "x === x" and eq_subst: "x === y ==> P x ==> P y"
6932 definition "f x y = x + y + 1"
6933 definition g where "g x = f x x"
6936 neq (infix "=!=" 50) where
6937 "x =!= y == ~ (x === y)"
6939 These specifications may be also used in a locale context. Then the
6940 constants being introduced depend on certain fixed parameters, and the
6941 constant name is qualified by the locale base name. An internal
6942 abbreviation takes care for convenient input and output, making the
6943 parameters implicit and using the original short name. See also
6944 src/HOL/ex/Abstract_NAT.thy for an example of deriving polymorphic
6945 entities from a monomorphic theory.
6947 Presently, abbreviations are only available 'in' a target locale, but
6948 not inherited by general import expressions. Also note that
6949 'abbreviation' may be used as a type-safe replacement for 'syntax' +
6950 'translations' in common applications. The "no_abbrevs" print mode
6951 prevents folding of abbreviations in term output.
6953 Concrete syntax is attached to specified constants in internal form,
6954 independently of name spaces. The parse tree representation is
6955 slightly different -- use 'notation' instead of raw 'syntax', and
6956 'translations' with explicit "CONST" markup to accommodate this.
6958 * Pure/Isar: unified syntax for new-style specification mechanisms
6959 (e.g. 'definition', 'abbreviation', or 'inductive' in HOL) admits
6960 full type inference and dummy patterns ("_"). For example:
6962 definition "K x _ = x"
6964 inductive conj for A B
6965 where "A ==> B ==> conj A B"
6967 * Pure: command 'print_abbrevs' prints all constant abbreviations of
6968 the current context. Print mode "no_abbrevs" prevents inversion of
6969 abbreviations on output.
6971 * Isar/locales: improved parameter handling: use of locales "var" and
6972 "struct" no longer necessary; - parameter renamings are no longer
6973 required to be injective. For example, this allows to define
6974 endomorphisms as locale endom = homom mult mult h.
6976 * Isar/locales: changed the way locales with predicates are defined.
6977 Instead of accumulating the specification, the imported expression is
6978 now an interpretation. INCOMPATIBILITY: different normal form of
6979 locale expressions. In particular, in interpretations of locales with
6980 predicates, goals repesenting already interpreted fragments are not
6981 removed automatically. Use methods `intro_locales' and
6982 `unfold_locales'; see below.
6984 * Isar/locales: new methods `intro_locales' and `unfold_locales'
6985 provide backward reasoning on locales predicates. The methods are
6986 aware of interpretations and discharge corresponding goals.
6987 `intro_locales' is less aggressive then `unfold_locales' and does not
6988 unfold predicates to assumptions.
6990 * Isar/locales: the order in which locale fragments are accumulated
6991 has changed. This enables to override declarations from fragments due
6992 to interpretations -- for example, unwanted simp rules.
6994 * Isar/locales: interpretation in theories and proof contexts has been
6995 extended. One may now specify (and prove) equations, which are
6996 unfolded in interpreted theorems. This is useful for replacing
6997 defined concepts (constants depending on locale parameters) by
6998 concepts already existing in the target context. Example:
7000 interpretation partial_order ["op <= :: [int, int] => bool"]
7001 where "partial_order.less (op <=) (x::int) y = (x < y)"
7003 Typically, the constant `partial_order.less' is created by a
7004 definition specification element in the context of locale
7007 * Method "induct": improved internal context management to support
7008 local fixes and defines on-the-fly. Thus explicit meta-level
7009 connectives !! and ==> are rarely required anymore in inductive goals
7010 (using object-logic connectives for this purpose has been long
7011 obsolete anyway). Common proof patterns are explained in
7012 src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, see also
7013 src/HOL/Isar_examples/Puzzle.thy and src/HOL/Lambda for realistic
7016 * Method "induct": improved handling of simultaneous goals. Instead of
7017 introducing object-level conjunction, the statement is now split into
7018 several conclusions, while the corresponding symbolic cases are nested
7019 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, proofs need to be structured explicitly,
7020 see src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, for example.
7022 * Method "induct": mutual induction rules are now specified as a list
7023 of rule sharing the same induction cases. HOL packages usually provide
7024 foo_bar.inducts for mutually defined items foo and bar (e.g. inductive
7025 predicates/sets or datatypes). INCOMPATIBILITY, users need to specify
7026 mutual induction rules differently, i.e. like this:
7028 (induct rule: foo_bar.inducts)
7029 (induct set: foo bar)
7030 (induct pred: foo bar)
7031 (induct type: foo bar)
7033 The ML function ProjectRule.projections turns old-style rules into the
7036 * Method "coinduct": dual of induction, see
7037 src/HOL/Library/Coinductive_List.thy for various examples.
7039 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": the ``(open)'' option is
7040 considered a legacy feature.
7042 * Attribute "symmetric" produces result with standardized schematic
7043 variables (index 0). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
7045 * Simplifier: by default the simplifier trace only shows top level
7046 rewrites now. That is, trace_simp_depth_limit is set to 1 by
7047 default. Thus there is less danger of being flooded by the trace. The
7048 trace indicates where parts have been suppressed.
7050 * Provers/classical: removed obsolete classical version of elim_format
7051 attribute; classical elim/dest rules are now treated uniformly when
7052 manipulating the claset.
7054 * Provers/classical: stricter checks to ensure that supplied intro,
7055 dest and elim rules are well-formed; dest and elim rules must have at
7058 * Provers/classical: attributes dest/elim/intro take an optional
7059 weight argument for the rule (just as the Pure versions). Weights are
7060 ignored by automated tools, but determine the search order of single
7063 * Syntax: input syntax now supports dummy variable binding "%_. b",
7064 where the body does not mention the bound variable. Note that dummy
7065 patterns implicitly depend on their context of bounds, which makes
7066 "{_. _}" match any set comprehension as expected. Potential
7067 INCOMPATIBILITY -- parse translations need to cope with syntactic
7068 constant "_idtdummy" in the binding position.
7070 * Syntax: removed obsolete syntactic constant "_K" and its associated
7071 parse translation. INCOMPATIBILITY -- use dummy abstraction instead,
7072 for example "A -> B" => "Pi A (%_. B)".
7074 * Pure: 'class_deps' command visualizes the subclass relation, using
7075 the graph browser tool.
7077 * Pure: 'print_theory' now suppresses certain internal declarations by
7078 default; use '!' option for full details.
7083 * Method "metis" proves goals by applying the Metis general-purpose
7084 resolution prover (see also http://gilith.com/software/metis/).
7085 Examples are in the directory MetisExamples. WARNING: the
7086 Isabelle/HOL-Metis integration does not yet work properly with
7089 * Command 'sledgehammer' invokes external automatic theorem provers as
7090 background processes. It generates calls to the "metis" method if
7091 successful. These can be pasted into the proof. Users do not have to
7092 wait for the automatic provers to return. WARNING: does not really
7093 work with multi-threading.
7095 * New "auto_quickcheck" feature tests outermost goal statements for
7096 potential counter-examples. Controlled by ML references
7097 auto_quickcheck (default true) and auto_quickcheck_time_limit (default
7098 5000 milliseconds). Fails silently if statements is outside of
7099 executable fragment, or any other codgenerator problem occurs.
7101 * New constant "undefined" with axiom "undefined x = undefined".
7103 * Added class "HOL.eq", allowing for code generation with polymorphic
7106 * Some renaming of class constants due to canonical name prefixing in
7107 the new 'class' package:
7109 HOL.abs ~> HOL.abs_class.abs
7110 HOL.divide ~> HOL.divide_class.divide
7111 0 ~> HOL.zero_class.zero
7112 1 ~> HOL.one_class.one
7113 op + ~> HOL.plus_class.plus
7114 op - ~> HOL.minus_class.minus
7115 uminus ~> HOL.minus_class.uminus
7116 op * ~> HOL.times_class.times
7117 op < ~> HOL.ord_class.less
7118 op <= > HOL.ord_class.less_eq
7119 Nat.power ~> Power.power_class.power
7120 Nat.size ~> Nat.size_class.size
7121 Numeral.number_of ~> Numeral.number_class.number_of
7122 FixedPoint.Inf ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Inf
7123 FixedPoint.Sup ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Sup
7124 Orderings.min ~> Orderings.ord_class.min
7125 Orderings.max ~> Orderings.ord_class.max
7126 Divides.op div ~> Divides.div_class.div
7127 Divides.op mod ~> Divides.div_class.mod
7128 Divides.op dvd ~> Divides.div_class.dvd
7130 INCOMPATIBILITY. Adaptions may be required in the following cases:
7132 a) User-defined constants using any of the names "plus", "minus",
7133 "times", "less" or "less_eq". The standard syntax translations for
7134 "+", "-" and "*" may go wrong. INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific
7137 b) Variables named "plus", "minus", "times", "less", "less_eq"
7138 INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific names.
7140 c) Permutative equations (e.g. "a + b = b + a")
7141 Since the change of names also changes the order of terms, permutative
7142 rewrite rules may get applied in a different order. Experience shows
7143 that this is rarely the case (only two adaptions in the whole Isabelle
7144 distribution). INCOMPATIBILITY: rewrite proofs
7146 d) ML code directly refering to constant names
7147 This in general only affects hand-written proof tactics, simprocs and
7148 so on. INCOMPATIBILITY: grep your sourcecode and replace names.
7149 Consider using @{const_name} antiquotation.
7151 * New class "default" with associated constant "default".
7153 * Function "sgn" is now overloaded and available on int, real, complex
7154 (and other numeric types), using class "sgn". Two possible defs of
7155 sgn are given as equational assumptions in the classes sgn_if and
7156 sgn_div_norm; ordered_idom now also inherits from sgn_if.
7159 * Locale "partial_order" now unified with class "order" (cf. theory
7160 Orderings), added parameter "less". INCOMPATIBILITY.
7162 * Renamings in classes "order" and "linorder": facts "refl", "trans" and
7163 "cases" to "order_refl", "order_trans" and "linorder_cases", to avoid
7164 clashes with HOL "refl" and "trans". INCOMPATIBILITY.
7166 * Classes "order" and "linorder": potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to
7167 changed order of proof goals in instance proofs.
7169 * The transitivity reasoner for partial and linear orders is set up
7170 for classes "order" and "linorder". Instances of the reasoner are available
7171 in all contexts importing or interpreting the corresponding locales.
7172 Method "order" invokes the reasoner separately; the reasoner
7173 is also integrated with the Simplifier as a solver. Diagnostic
7174 command 'print_orders' shows the available instances of the reasoner
7175 in the current context.
7177 * Localized monotonicity predicate in theory "Orderings"; integrated
7178 lemmas max_of_mono and min_of_mono with this predicate.
7181 * Formulation of theorem "dense" changed slightly due to integration
7182 with new class dense_linear_order.
7184 * Uniform lattice theory development in HOL.
7186 constants "meet" and "join" now named "inf" and "sup"
7187 constant "Meet" now named "Inf"
7189 classes "meet_semilorder" and "join_semilorder" now named
7190 "lower_semilattice" and "upper_semilattice"
7191 class "lorder" now named "lattice"
7192 class "comp_lat" now named "complete_lattice"
7194 Instantiation of lattice classes allows explicit definitions
7195 for "inf" and "sup" operations (or "Inf" and "Sup" for complete lattices).
7197 INCOMPATIBILITY. Theorem renames:
7199 meet_left_le ~> inf_le1
7200 meet_right_le ~> inf_le2
7201 join_left_le ~> sup_ge1
7202 join_right_le ~> sup_ge2
7203 meet_join_le ~> inf_sup_ord
7206 le_meet ~> le_inf_iff
7207 le_join ~> ge_sup_conv
7208 meet_idempotent ~> inf_idem
7209 join_idempotent ~> sup_idem
7210 meet_comm ~> inf_commute
7211 join_comm ~> sup_commute
7212 meet_leI1 ~> le_infI1
7213 meet_leI2 ~> le_infI2
7214 le_joinI1 ~> le_supI1
7215 le_joinI2 ~> le_supI2
7216 meet_assoc ~> inf_assoc
7217 join_assoc ~> sup_assoc
7218 meet_left_comm ~> inf_left_commute
7219 meet_left_idempotent ~> inf_left_idem
7220 join_left_comm ~> sup_left_commute
7221 join_left_idempotent ~> sup_left_idem
7224 le_def_meet ~> le_iff_inf
7225 le_def_join ~> le_iff_sup
7226 join_absorp2 ~> sup_absorb2
7227 join_absorp1 ~> sup_absorb1
7228 meet_absorp1 ~> inf_absorb1
7229 meet_absorp2 ~> inf_absorb2
7230 meet_join_absorp ~> inf_sup_absorb
7231 join_meet_absorp ~> sup_inf_absorb
7232 distrib_join_le ~> distrib_sup_le
7233 distrib_meet_le ~> distrib_inf_le
7235 add_meet_distrib_left ~> add_inf_distrib_left
7236 add_join_distrib_left ~> add_sup_distrib_left
7237 is_join_neg_meet ~> is_join_neg_inf
7238 is_meet_neg_join ~> is_meet_neg_sup
7239 add_meet_distrib_right ~> add_inf_distrib_right
7240 add_join_distrib_right ~> add_sup_distrib_right
7241 add_meet_join_distribs ~> add_sup_inf_distribs
7242 join_eq_neg_meet ~> sup_eq_neg_inf
7243 meet_eq_neg_join ~> inf_eq_neg_sup
7244 add_eq_meet_join ~> add_eq_inf_sup
7245 meet_0_imp_0 ~> inf_0_imp_0
7246 join_0_imp_0 ~> sup_0_imp_0
7247 meet_0_eq_0 ~> inf_0_eq_0
7248 join_0_eq_0 ~> sup_0_eq_0
7249 neg_meet_eq_join ~> neg_inf_eq_sup
7250 neg_join_eq_meet ~> neg_sup_eq_inf
7251 join_eq_if ~> sup_eq_if
7253 mono_meet ~> mono_inf
7254 mono_join ~> mono_sup
7255 meet_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_eq
7256 join_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_eq
7257 meet_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_eq
7258 join_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_eq
7259 meet_set_eq ~> inf_set_eq
7260 join_set_eq ~> sup_set_eq
7261 meet1_iff ~> inf1_iff
7262 meet2_iff ~> inf2_iff
7271 join1_iff ~> sup1_iff
7272 join2_iff ~> sup2_iff
7282 is_meet_Meet ~> is_meet_Inf
7283 Meet_bool_def ~> Inf_bool_def
7284 Meet_fun_def ~> Inf_fun_def
7285 Meet_greatest ~> Inf_greatest
7286 Meet_lower ~> Inf_lower
7287 Meet_set_def ~> Inf_set_def
7290 Sup_bool_eq ~> Sup_bool_def
7291 Sup_fun_eq ~> Sup_fun_def
7292 Sup_set_eq ~> Sup_set_def
7294 listsp_meetI ~> listsp_infI
7295 listsp_meet_eq ~> listsp_inf_eq
7300 * Added syntactic class "size"; overloaded constant "size" now has
7301 type "'a::size ==> bool"
7303 * Internal reorganisation of `size' of datatypes: size theorems
7304 "foo.size" are no longer subsumed by "foo.simps" (but are still
7305 simplification rules by default!); theorems "prod.size" now named
7308 * Class "div" now inherits from class "times" rather than "type".
7311 * HOL/Finite_Set: "name-space" locales Lattice, Distrib_lattice,
7312 Linorder etc. have disappeared; operations defined in terms of
7313 fold_set now are named Inf_fin, Sup_fin. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7315 * HOL/Nat: neq0_conv no longer declared as iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7317 * HOL-Word: New extensive library and type for generic, fixed size
7318 machine words, with arithmetic, bit-wise, shifting and rotating
7319 operations, reflection into int, nat, and bool lists, automation for
7320 linear arithmetic (by automatic reflection into nat or int), including
7321 lemmas on overflow and monotonicity. Instantiated to all appropriate
7322 arithmetic type classes, supporting automatic simplification of
7323 numerals on all operations.
7325 * Library/Boolean_Algebra: locales for abstract boolean algebras.
7327 * Library/Numeral_Type: numbers as types, e.g. TYPE(32).
7329 * Code generator library theories:
7330 - Code_Integer represents HOL integers by big integer literals in target
7332 - Code_Char represents HOL characters by character literals in target
7334 - Code_Char_chr like Code_Char, but also offers treatment of character
7335 codes; includes Code_Integer.
7336 - Executable_Set allows to generate code for finite sets using lists.
7337 - Executable_Rat implements rational numbers as triples (sign, enumerator,
7339 - Executable_Real implements a subset of real numbers, namly those
7340 representable by rational numbers.
7341 - Efficient_Nat implements natural numbers by integers, which in general will
7342 result in higher efficency; pattern matching with 0/Suc is eliminated;
7343 includes Code_Integer.
7344 - Code_Index provides an additional datatype index which is mapped to
7345 target-language built-in integers.
7346 - Code_Message provides an additional datatype message_string which is isomorphic to
7347 strings; messages are mapped to target-language strings.
7349 * New package for inductive predicates
7351 An n-ary predicate p with m parameters z_1, ..., z_m can now be defined via
7354 p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
7355 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
7357 rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
7360 with full support for type-inference, rather than
7362 consts s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
7364 abbreviation p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
7365 where "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
7367 inductive "s z_1 ... z_m"
7369 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
7372 For backward compatibility, there is a wrapper allowing inductive
7373 sets to be defined with the new package via
7376 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
7377 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
7379 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
7385 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
7386 and p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
7387 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
7389 "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
7390 | rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
7393 if the additional syntax "p ..." is required.
7395 Numerous examples can be found in the subdirectories src/HOL/Auth,
7396 src/HOL/Bali, src/HOL/Induct, and src/HOL/MicroJava.
7400 - Since declaration and definition of inductive sets or predicates
7401 is no longer separated, abbreviations involving the newly
7402 introduced sets or predicates must be specified together with the
7403 introduction rules after the 'where' keyword (see above), rather
7404 than before the actual inductive definition.
7406 - The variables in induction and elimination rules are now
7407 quantified in the order of their occurrence in the introduction
7408 rules, rather than in alphabetical order. Since this may break
7409 some proofs, these proofs either have to be repaired, e.g. by
7410 reordering the variables a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i} in Isar 'case'
7411 statements of the form
7413 case (rule_i a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i})
7415 or the old order of quantification has to be restored by explicitly adding
7416 meta-level quantifiers in the introduction rules, i.e.
7418 | rule_i: "!!a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i}. ... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_i_1 ... t_i_n"
7420 - The format of the elimination rules is now
7422 p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n ==>
7423 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
7428 (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
7429 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
7432 for sets rather than
7434 x : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
7435 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x = (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) ==> ... ==> P)
7438 This may require terms in goals to be expanded to n-tuples
7439 (e.g. using case_tac or simplification with the split_paired_all
7440 rule) before the above elimination rule is applicable.
7442 - The elimination or case analysis rules for (mutually) inductive
7443 sets or predicates are now called "p_1.cases" ... "p_k.cases". The
7444 list of rules "p_1_..._p_k.elims" is no longer available.
7446 * New package "function"/"fun" for general recursive functions,
7447 supporting mutual and nested recursion, definitions in local contexts,
7448 more general pattern matching and partiality. See HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy
7449 for small examples, and the separate tutorial on the function
7450 package. The old recdef "package" is still available as before, but
7451 users are encouraged to use the new package.
7453 * Method "lexicographic_order" automatically synthesizes termination
7454 relations as lexicographic combinations of size measures.
7456 * Case-expressions allow arbitrary constructor-patterns (including
7457 "_") and take their order into account, like in functional
7458 programming. Internally, this is translated into nested
7459 case-expressions; missing cases are added and mapped to the predefined
7460 constant "undefined". In complicated cases printing may no longer show
7461 the original input but the internal form. Lambda-abstractions allow
7462 the same form of pattern matching: "% pat1 => e1 | ..." is an
7463 abbreviation for "%x. case x of pat1 => e1 | ..." where x is a new
7466 * IntDef: The constant "int :: nat => int" has been removed; now "int"
7467 is an abbreviation for "of_nat :: nat => int". The simplification
7468 rules for "of_nat" have been changed to work like "int" did
7469 previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
7470 - "of_nat (Suc m)" simplifies to "1 + of_nat m" instead of "of_nat m + 1"
7471 - of_nat_diff and of_nat_mult are no longer default simp rules
7473 * Method "algebra" solves polynomial equations over (semi)rings using
7474 Groebner bases. The (semi)ring structure is defined by locales and the
7475 tool setup depends on that generic context. Installing the method for
7476 a specific type involves instantiating the locale and possibly adding
7477 declarations for computation on the coefficients. The method is
7478 already instantiated for natural numbers and for the axiomatic class
7479 of idoms with numerals. See also the paper by Chaieb and Wenzel at
7480 CALCULEMUS 2007 for the general principles underlying this
7481 architecture of context-aware proof-tools.
7483 * Method "ferrack" implements quantifier elimination over
7484 special-purpose dense linear orders using locales (analogous to
7485 "algebra"). The method is already installed for class
7486 {ordered_field,recpower,number_ring} which subsumes real, hyperreal,
7489 * Former constant "List.op @" now named "List.append". Use ML
7490 antiquotations @{const_name List.append} or @{term " ... @ ... "} to
7491 circumvent possible incompatibilities when working on ML level.
7493 * primrec: missing cases mapped to "undefined" instead of "arbitrary".
7495 * New function listsum :: 'a list => 'a for arbitrary monoids.
7496 Special syntax: "SUM x <- xs. f x" (and latex variants)
7498 * New syntax for Haskell-like list comprehension (input only), eg.
7499 [(x,y). x <- xs, y <- ys, x ~= y], see also src/HOL/List.thy.
7501 * The special syntax for function "filter" has changed from [x :
7502 xs. P] to [x <- xs. P] to avoid an ambiguity caused by list
7503 comprehension syntax, and for uniformity. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7505 * [a..b] is now defined for arbitrary linear orders. It used to be
7506 defined on nat only, as an abbreviation for [a..<Suc b]
7509 * Renamed lemma "set_take_whileD" to "set_takeWhileD".
7511 * New functions "sorted" and "sort" in src/HOL/List.thy.
7513 * New lemma collection field_simps (an extension of ring_simps) for
7514 manipulating (in)equations involving division. Multiplies with all
7515 denominators that can be proved to be non-zero (in equations) or
7516 positive/negative (in inequations).
7518 * Lemma collections ring_eq_simps, group_eq_simps and ring_distrib
7519 have been improved and renamed to ring_simps, group_simps and
7520 ring_distribs. Removed lemmas field_xyz in theory Ring_and_Field
7521 because they were subsumed by lemmas xyz. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7523 * Theory Library/Commutative_Ring: switched from recdef to function
7524 package; constants add, mul, pow now curried. Infix syntax for
7525 algebraic operations.
7527 * Dropped redundant lemma def_imp_eq in favor of meta_eq_to_obj_eq.
7530 * Dropped redundant lemma if_def2 in favor of if_bool_eq_conj.
7533 * HOL/records: generalised field-update to take a function on the
7534 field rather than the new value: r(|A := x|) is translated to A_update
7535 (K x) r The K-combinator that is internally used is called K_record.
7536 INCOMPATIBILITY: Usage of the plain update functions has to be
7539 * Class "semiring_0" now contains annihilation axioms x * 0 = 0 and 0
7540 * x = 0, which are required for a semiring. Richer structures do not
7541 inherit from semiring_0 anymore, because this property is a theorem
7542 there, not an axiom. INCOMPATIBILITY: In instances of semiring_0,
7543 there is more to prove, but this is mostly trivial.
7545 * Class "recpower" is generalized to arbitrary monoids, not just
7546 commutative semirings. INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to incorporate
7547 commutativity or semiring properties additionally.
7549 * Constant "List.list_all2" in List.thy now uses authentic syntax.
7550 INCOMPATIBILITY: translations containing list_all2 may go wrong,
7551 better use 'abbreviation'.
7553 * Renamed constant "List.op mem" to "List.member". INCOMPATIBILITY.
7555 * Numeral syntax: type 'bin' which was a mere type copy of 'int' has
7556 been abandoned in favour of plain 'int'. INCOMPATIBILITY --
7557 significant changes for setting up numeral syntax for types:
7558 - New constants Numeral.pred and Numeral.succ instead
7559 of former Numeral.bin_pred and Numeral.bin_succ.
7560 - Use integer operations instead of bin_add, bin_mult and so on.
7561 - Numeral simplification theorems named Numeral.numeral_simps instead of Bin_simps.
7562 - ML structure Bin_Simprocs now named Int_Numeral_Base_Simprocs.
7564 See src/HOL/Integ/IntArith.thy for an example setup.
7566 * Command 'normal_form' computes the normal form of a term that may
7567 contain free variables. For example ``normal_form "rev [a, b, c]"''
7568 produces ``[b, c, a]'' (without proof). This command is suitable for
7569 heavy-duty computations because the functions are compiled to ML
7570 first. Correspondingly, a method "normalization" is provided. See
7571 further src/HOL/ex/NormalForm.thy and src/Tools/nbe.ML.
7573 * Alternative iff syntax "A <-> B" for equality on bool (with priority
7574 25 like -->); output depends on the "iff" print_mode, the default is
7575 "A = B" (with priority 50).
7577 * Relations less (<) and less_eq (<=) are also available on type bool.
7578 Modified syntax to disallow nesting without explicit parentheses,
7579 e.g. "(x < y) < z" or "x < (y < z)", but NOT "x < y < z". Potential
7582 * "LEAST x:A. P" expands to "LEAST x. x:A & P" (input only).
7584 * Relation composition operator "op O" now has precedence 75 and binds
7585 stronger than union and intersection. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7587 * The old set interval syntax "{m..n(}" (and relatives) has been
7588 removed. Use "{m..<n}" (and relatives) instead.
7590 * In the context of the assumption "~(s = t)" the Simplifier rewrites
7591 "t = s" to False (by simproc "neq"). INCOMPATIBILITY, consider using
7592 ``declare [[simproc del: neq]]''.
7594 * Simplifier: "m dvd n" where m and n are numbers is evaluated to
7597 * Theorem Cons_eq_map_conv no longer declared as "simp".
7599 * Theorem setsum_mult renamed to setsum_right_distrib.
7601 * Prefer ex1I over ex_ex1I in single-step reasoning, e.g. by the
7604 * Reimplemented methods "sat" and "satx", with several improvements:
7605 goals no longer need to be stated as "<prems> ==> False", equivalences
7606 (i.e. "=" on type bool) are handled, variable names of the form
7607 "lit_<n>" are no longer reserved, significant speedup.
7609 * Methods "sat" and "satx" can now replay MiniSat proof traces.
7610 zChaff is still supported as well.
7612 * 'inductive' and 'datatype': provide projections of mutual rules,
7613 bundled as foo_bar.inducts;
7615 * Library: moved theories Parity, GCD, Binomial, Infinite_Set to
7618 * Library: moved theory Accessible_Part to main HOL.
7620 * Library: added theory Coinductive_List of potentially infinite lists
7621 as greatest fixed-point.
7623 * Library: added theory AssocList which implements (finite) maps as
7626 * Method "evaluation" solves goals (i.e. a boolean expression)
7627 efficiently by compiling it to ML. The goal is "proved" (via an
7628 oracle) if it evaluates to True.
7630 * Linear arithmetic now splits certain operators (e.g. min, max, abs)
7631 also when invoked by the simplifier. This results in the Simplifier
7632 being more powerful on arithmetic goals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7633 Configuration option fast_arith_split_limit=0 recovers the old
7636 * Support for hex (0x20) and binary (0b1001) numerals.
7638 * New method: reify eqs (t), where eqs are equations for an
7639 interpretation I :: 'a list => 'b => 'c and t::'c is an optional
7640 parameter, computes a term s::'b and a list xs::'a list and proves the
7641 theorem I xs s = t. This is also known as reification or quoting. The
7642 resulting theorem is applied to the subgoal to substitute t with I xs
7643 s. If t is omitted, the subgoal itself is reified.
7645 * New method: reflection corr_thm eqs (t). The parameters eqs and (t)
7646 are as explained above. corr_thm is a theorem for I vs (f t) = I vs t,
7647 where f is supposed to be a computable function (in the sense of code
7648 generattion). The method uses reify to compute s and xs as above then
7649 applies corr_thm and uses normalization by evaluation to "prove" f s =
7650 r and finally gets the theorem t = r, which is again applied to the
7651 subgoal. An Example is available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy.
7653 * Reflection: Automatic reification now handels binding, an example is
7654 available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy
7656 * HOL-Statespace: ``State Spaces: The Locale Way'' introduces a
7657 command 'statespace' that is similar to 'record', but introduces an
7658 abstract specification based on the locale infrastructure instead of
7659 HOL types. This leads to extra flexibility in composing state spaces,
7660 in particular multiple inheritance and renaming of components.
7665 * Hyperreal: Functions root and sqrt are now defined on negative real
7666 inputs so that root n (- x) = - root n x and sqrt (- x) = - sqrt x.
7667 Nonnegativity side conditions have been removed from many lemmas, so
7668 that more subgoals may now be solved by simplification; potential
7671 * Real: new type classes formalize real normed vector spaces and
7672 algebras, using new overloaded constants scaleR :: real => 'a => 'a
7673 and norm :: 'a => real.
7675 * Real: constant of_real :: real => 'a::real_algebra_1 injects from
7676 reals into other types. The overloaded constant Reals :: 'a set is now
7677 defined as range of_real; potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
7679 * Real: proper support for ML code generation, including 'quickcheck'.
7680 Reals are implemented as arbitrary precision rationals.
7682 * Hyperreal: Several constants that previously worked only for the
7683 reals have been generalized, so they now work over arbitrary vector
7684 spaces. Type annotations may need to be added in some cases; potential
7687 Infinitesimal :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
7688 HFinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
7689 HInfinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
7690 approx :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star => bool
7691 monad :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
7692 galaxy :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
7693 (NS)LIMSEQ :: [nat => 'a::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
7694 (NS)convergent :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
7695 (NS)Bseq :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
7696 (NS)Cauchy :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
7697 (NS)LIM :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a, 'b] => bool
7698 is(NS)Cont :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
7699 deriv :: ['a::real_normed_field => 'a, 'a, 'a] => bool
7700 sgn :: 'a::real_normed_vector => 'a
7701 exp :: 'a::{recpower,real_normed_field,banach} => 'a
7703 * Complex: Some complex-specific constants are now abbreviations for
7704 overloaded ones: complex_of_real = of_real, cmod = norm, hcmod =
7705 hnorm. Other constants have been entirely removed in favor of the
7706 polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
7710 HInfinite <-- CInfinite
7711 Infinitesimal <-- CInfinitesimal
7714 (NS)LIM <-- (NS)CLIM, (NS)CRLIM
7715 is(NS)Cont <-- is(NS)Contc, is(NS)contCR
7716 (ns)deriv <-- (ns)cderiv
7721 * Formalisation of ideals and the quotient construction over rings.
7723 * Order and lattice theory no longer based on records.
7726 * Renamed lemmas least_carrier -> least_closed and greatest_carrier ->
7727 greatest_closed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7729 * Method algebra is now set up via an attribute. For examples see
7730 Ring.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY: the method is now weaker on combinations
7731 of algebraic structures.
7733 * Renamed theory CRing to Ring.
7738 * Substantial, yet incomplete support for nominal datatypes (binding
7739 structures) based on HOL-Nominal logic. See src/HOL/Nominal and
7740 src/HOL/Nominal/Examples. Prospective users should consult
7741 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/nominal/
7746 * ML basics: just one true type int, which coincides with IntInf.int
7749 * ML within Isar: antiquotations allow to embed statically-checked
7750 formal entities in the source, referring to the context available at
7751 compile-time. For example:
7753 ML {* @{sort "{zero,one}"} *}
7754 ML {* @{typ "'a => 'b"} *}
7755 ML {* @{term "%x. x"} *}
7756 ML {* @{prop "x == y"} *}
7757 ML {* @{ctyp "'a => 'b"} *}
7758 ML {* @{cterm "%x. x"} *}
7759 ML {* @{cprop "x == y"} *}
7760 ML {* @{thm asm_rl} *}
7761 ML {* @{thms asm_rl} *}
7762 ML {* @{type_name c} *}
7763 ML {* @{type_syntax c} *}
7764 ML {* @{const_name c} *}
7765 ML {* @{const_syntax c} *}
7768 ML {* @{theory Pure} *}
7769 ML {* @{theory_ref} *}
7770 ML {* @{theory_ref Pure} *}
7773 ML {* @{clasimpset} *}
7775 The same works for sources being ``used'' within an Isar context.
7777 * ML in Isar: improved error reporting; extra verbosity with
7778 ML_Context.trace enabled.
7780 * Pure/General/table.ML: the join operations now works via exceptions
7781 DUP/SAME instead of type option. This is simpler in simple cases, and
7782 admits slightly more efficient complex applications.
7784 * Pure: 'advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) now
7785 use Context.generic instead of just theory.
7787 * Pure: datatype Context.generic joins theory/Proof.context and
7788 provides some facilities for code that works in either kind of
7789 context, notably GenericDataFun for uniform theory and proof data.
7791 * Pure: simplified internal attribute type, which is now always
7792 Context.generic * thm -> Context.generic * thm. Global (theory) vs.
7793 local (Proof.context) attributes have been discontinued, while
7794 minimizing code duplication. Thm.rule_attribute and
7795 Thm.declaration_attribute build canonical attributes; see also structure
7796 Context for further operations on Context.generic, notably
7797 GenericDataFun. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt attribute type
7798 declarations and definitions.
7800 * Context data interfaces (Theory/Proof/GenericDataFun): removed
7801 name/print, uninitialized data defaults to ad-hoc copy of empty value,
7802 init only required for impure data. INCOMPATIBILITY: empty really need
7803 to be empty (no dependencies on theory content!)
7805 * Pure/kernel: consts certification ignores sort constraints given in
7806 signature declarations. (This information is not relevant to the
7807 logic, but only for type inference.) SIGNIFICANT INTERNAL CHANGE,
7808 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
7810 * Pure: axiomatic type classes are now purely definitional, with
7811 explicit proofs of class axioms and super class relations performed
7812 internally. See Pure/axclass.ML for the main internal interfaces --
7813 notably AxClass.define_class supercedes AxClass.add_axclass, and
7814 AxClass.axiomatize_class/classrel/arity supersede
7815 Sign.add_classes/classrel/arities.
7817 * Pure/Isar: Args/Attrib parsers operate on Context.generic --
7818 global/local versions on theory vs. Proof.context have been
7819 discontinued; Attrib.syntax and Method.syntax have been adapted
7820 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt parser expressions for
7821 attributes, methods, etc.
7823 * Pure: several functions of signature "... -> theory -> theory * ..."
7824 have been reoriented to "... -> theory -> ... * theory" in order to
7825 allow natural usage in combination with the ||>, ||>>, |-> and
7826 fold_map combinators.
7828 * Pure: official theorem names (closed derivations) and additional
7829 comments (tags) are now strictly separate. Name hints -- which are
7830 maintained as tags -- may be attached any time without affecting the
7833 * Pure: primitive rule lift_rule now takes goal cterm instead of an
7834 actual goal state (thm). Use Thm.lift_rule (Thm.cprem_of st i) to
7835 achieve the old behaviour.
7837 * Pure: the "Goal" constant is now called "prop", supporting a
7838 slightly more general idea of ``protecting'' meta-level rule
7841 * Pure: Logic.(un)varify only works in a global context, which is now
7842 enforced instead of silently assumed. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use
7843 Logic.legacy_(un)varify as temporary workaround.
7845 * Pure: structure Name provides scalable operations for generating
7846 internal variable names, notably Name.variants etc. This replaces
7847 some popular functions from term.ML:
7849 Term.variant -> Name.variant
7850 Term.variantlist -> Name.variant_list
7851 Term.invent_names -> Name.invent_list
7853 Note that low-level renaming rarely occurs in new code -- operations
7854 from structure Variable are used instead (see below).
7856 * Pure: structure Variable provides fundamental operations for proper
7857 treatment of fixed/schematic variables in a context. For example,
7858 Variable.import introduces fixes for schematics of given facts and
7859 Variable.export reverses the effect (up to renaming) -- this replaces
7860 various freeze_thaw operations.
7862 * Pure: structure Goal provides simple interfaces for
7863 init/conclude/finish and tactical prove operations (replacing former
7864 Tactic.prove). Goal.prove is the canonical way to prove results
7865 within a given context; Goal.prove_global is a degraded version for
7866 theory level goals, including a global Drule.standard. Note that
7867 OldGoals.prove_goalw_cterm has long been obsolete, since it is
7868 ill-behaved in a local proof context (e.g. with local fixes/assumes or
7869 in a locale context).
7871 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for parsing (Syntax.parse_term etc.)
7872 and type checking (Syntax.check_term etc.), with common combinations
7873 (Syntax.read_term etc.). These supersede former Sign.read_term etc.
7874 which are considered legacy and await removal.
7876 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for type unchecking
7877 (Syntax.uncheck_terms etc.) and unparsing (Syntax.unparse_term etc.),
7878 with common combinations (Syntax.pretty_term, Syntax.string_of_term
7879 etc.). Former Sign.pretty_term, Sign.string_of_term etc. are still
7880 available for convenience, but refer to the very same operations using
7881 a mere theory instead of a full context.
7883 * Isar: simplified treatment of user-level errors, using exception
7884 ERROR of string uniformly. Function error now merely raises ERROR,
7885 without any side effect on output channels. The Isar toplevel takes
7886 care of proper display of ERROR exceptions. ML code may use plain
7887 handle/can/try; cat_error may be used to concatenate errors like this:
7889 ... handle ERROR msg => cat_error msg "..."
7891 Toplevel ML code (run directly or through the Isar toplevel) may be
7892 embedded into the Isar toplevel with exception display/debug like
7895 Isar.toplevel (fn () => ...)
7897 INCOMPATIBILITY, removed special transform_error facilities, removed
7898 obsolete variants of user-level exceptions (ERROR_MESSAGE,
7899 Context.PROOF, ProofContext.CONTEXT, Proof.STATE, ProofHistory.FAIL)
7900 -- use plain ERROR instead.
7902 * Isar: theory setup now has type (theory -> theory), instead of a
7903 list. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use #> to compose setup functions.
7905 * Isar: ML toplevel pretty printer for type Proof.context, subject to
7906 ProofContext.debug/verbose flags.
7908 * Isar: Toplevel.theory_to_proof admits transactions that modify the
7909 theory before entering a proof state. Transactions now always see a
7910 quasi-functional intermediate checkpoint, both in interactive and
7913 * Isar: simplified interfaces for outer syntax. Renamed
7914 OuterSyntax.add_keywords to OuterSyntax.keywords. Removed
7915 OuterSyntax.add_parsers -- this functionality is now included in
7916 OuterSyntax.command etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7918 * Simplifier: the simpset of a running simplification process now
7919 contains a proof context (cf. Simplifier.the_context), which is the
7920 very context that the initial simpset has been retrieved from (by
7921 simpset_of/local_simpset_of). Consequently, all plug-in components
7922 (solver, looper etc.) may depend on arbitrary proof data.
7924 * Simplifier.inherit_context inherits the proof context (plus the
7925 local bounds) of the current simplification process; any simproc
7926 etc. that calls the Simplifier recursively should do this! Removed
7927 former Simplifier.inherit_bounds, which is already included here --
7928 INCOMPATIBILITY. Tools based on low-level rewriting may even have to
7929 specify an explicit context using Simplifier.context/theory_context.
7931 * Simplifier/Classical Reasoner: more abstract interfaces
7932 change_simpset/claset for modifying the simpset/claset reference of a
7933 theory; raw versions simpset/claset_ref etc. have been discontinued --
7936 * Provers: more generic wrt. syntax of object-logics, avoid hardwired
7942 * settings: the default heap location within ISABELLE_HOME_USER now
7943 includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER. This simplifies use of multiple
7944 Isabelle installations.
7946 * isabelle-process: option -S (secure mode) disables some critical
7947 operations, notably runtime compilation and evaluation of ML source
7950 * Basic Isabelle mode for jEdit, see Isabelle/lib/jedit/.
7952 * Support for parallel execution, using native multicore support of
7953 Poly/ML 5.1. The theory loader exploits parallelism when processing
7954 independent theories, according to the given theory header
7955 specifications. The maximum number of worker threads is specified via
7956 usedir option -M or the "max-threads" setting in Proof General. A
7957 speedup factor of 1.5--3.5 can be expected on a 4-core machine, and up
7958 to 6 on a 8-core machine. User-code needs to observe certain
7959 guidelines for thread-safe programming, see appendix A in the Isar
7960 Implementation manual.
7964 New in Isabelle2005 (October 2005)
7965 ----------------------------------
7969 * Theory headers: the new header syntax for Isar theories is
7972 imports <theory1> ... <theoryN>
7973 uses <file1> ... <fileM>
7976 where the 'uses' part is optional. The previous syntax
7978 theory <name> = <theory1> + ... + <theoryN>:
7980 will disappear in the next release. Use isatool fixheaders to convert
7981 existing theory files. Note that there is no change in ancient
7982 non-Isar theories now, but these will disappear soon.
7984 * Theory loader: parent theories can now also be referred to via
7985 relative and absolute paths.
7987 * Command 'find_theorems' searches for a list of criteria instead of a
7988 list of constants. Known criteria are: intro, elim, dest, name:string,
7989 simp:term, and any term. Criteria can be preceded by '-' to select
7990 theorems that do not match. Intro, elim, dest select theorems that
7991 match the current goal, name:s selects theorems whose fully qualified
7992 name contain s, and simp:term selects all simplification rules whose
7993 lhs match term. Any other term is interpreted as pattern and selects
7994 all theorems matching the pattern. Available in ProofGeneral under
7995 'ProofGeneral -> Find Theorems' or C-c C-f. Example:
7997 C-c C-f (100) "(_::nat) + _ + _" intro -name: "HOL."
7999 prints the last 100 theorems matching the pattern "(_::nat) + _ + _",
8000 matching the current goal as introduction rule and not having "HOL."
8001 in their name (i.e. not being defined in theory HOL).
8003 * Command 'thms_containing' has been discontinued in favour of
8004 'find_theorems'; INCOMPATIBILITY.
8006 * Communication with Proof General is now 8bit clean, which means that
8007 Unicode text in UTF-8 encoding may be used within theory texts (both
8008 formal and informal parts). Cf. option -U of the Isabelle Proof
8009 General interface. Here are some simple examples (cf. src/HOL/ex):
8011 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Hebrew.html
8012 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Chinese.html
8014 * Improved efficiency of the Simplifier and, to a lesser degree, the
8015 Classical Reasoner. Typical big applications run around 2 times
8019 *** Document preparation ***
8021 * Commands 'display_drafts' and 'print_drafts' perform simple output
8022 of raw sources. Only those symbols that do not require additional
8023 LaTeX packages (depending on comments in isabellesym.sty) are
8024 displayed properly, everything else is left verbatim. isatool display
8025 and isatool print are used as front ends (these are subject to the
8026 DVI/PDF_VIEWER and PRINT_COMMAND settings, respectively).
8028 * Command tags control specific markup of certain regions of text,
8029 notably folding and hiding. Predefined tags include "theory" (for
8030 theory begin and end), "proof" for proof commands, and "ML" for
8031 commands involving ML code; the additional tags "visible" and
8032 "invisible" are unused by default. Users may give explicit tag
8033 specifications in the text, e.g. ''by %invisible (auto)''. The
8034 interpretation of tags is determined by the LaTeX job during document
8035 preparation: see option -V of isatool usedir, or options -n and -t of
8036 isatool document, or even the LaTeX macros \isakeeptag, \isafoldtag,
8039 Several document versions may be produced at the same time via isatool
8040 usedir (the generated index.html will link all of them). Typical
8041 specifications include ''-V document=theory,proof,ML'' to present
8042 theory/proof/ML parts faithfully, ''-V outline=/proof,/ML'' to fold
8043 proof and ML commands, and ''-V mutilated=-theory,-proof,-ML'' to omit
8044 these parts without any formal replacement text. The Isabelle site
8045 default settings produce ''document'' and ''outline'' versions as
8048 * Several new antiquotations:
8050 @{term_type term} prints a term with its type annotated;
8052 @{typeof term} prints the type of a term;
8054 @{const const} is the same as @{term const}, but checks that the
8055 argument is a known logical constant;
8057 @{term_style style term} and @{thm_style style thm} print a term or
8058 theorem applying a "style" to it
8062 Predefined styles are 'lhs' and 'rhs' printing the lhs/rhs of
8063 definitions, equations, inequations etc., 'concl' printing only the
8064 conclusion of a meta-logical statement theorem, and 'prem1' .. 'prem19'
8065 to print the specified premise. TermStyle.add_style provides an ML
8066 interface for introducing further styles. See also the "LaTeX Sugar"
8067 document practical applications. The ML antiquotation prints
8068 type-checked ML expressions verbatim.
8070 * Markup commands 'chapter', 'section', 'subsection', 'subsubsection',
8071 and 'text' support optional locale specification '(in loc)', which
8072 specifies the default context for interpreting antiquotations. For
8073 example: 'text (in lattice) {* @{thm inf_assoc}*}'.
8075 * Option 'locale=NAME' of antiquotations specifies an alternative
8076 context interpreting the subsequent argument. For example: @{thm
8077 [locale=lattice] inf_assoc}.
8079 * Proper output of proof terms (@{prf ...} and @{full_prf ...}) within
8082 * Proper output of antiquotations for theory commands involving a
8083 proof context (such as 'locale' or 'theorem (in loc) ...').
8085 * Delimiters of outer tokens (string etc.) now produce separate LaTeX
8086 macros (\isachardoublequoteopen, isachardoublequoteclose etc.).
8088 * isatool usedir: new option -C (default true) controls whether option
8089 -D should include a copy of the original document directory; -C false
8090 prevents unwanted effects such as copying of administrative CVS data.
8095 * Considerably improved version of 'constdefs' command. Now performs
8096 automatic type-inference of declared constants; additional support for
8097 local structure declarations (cf. locales and HOL records), see also
8098 isar-ref manual. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to observe strictly
8099 sequential dependencies of definitions within a single 'constdefs'
8100 section; moreover, the declared name needs to be an identifier. If
8101 all fails, consider to fall back on 'consts' and 'defs' separately.
8103 * Improved indexed syntax and implicit structures. First of all,
8104 indexed syntax provides a notational device for subscripted
8105 application, using the new syntax \<^bsub>term\<^esub> for arbitrary
8106 expressions. Secondly, in a local context with structure
8107 declarations, number indexes \<^sub>n or the empty index (default
8108 number 1) refer to a certain fixed variable implicitly; option
8109 show_structs controls printing of implicit structures. Typical
8110 applications of these concepts involve record types and locales.
8112 * New command 'no_syntax' removes grammar declarations (and
8113 translations) resulting from the given syntax specification, which is
8114 interpreted in the same manner as for the 'syntax' command.
8116 * 'Advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) may depend
8117 on the signature of the theory context being presently used for
8118 parsing/printing, see also isar-ref manual.
8120 * Improved 'oracle' command provides a type-safe interface to turn an
8121 ML expression of type theory -> T -> term into a primitive rule of
8122 type theory -> T -> thm (i.e. the functionality of Thm.invoke_oracle
8123 is already included here); see also FOL/ex/IffExample.thy;
8126 * axclass: name space prefix for class "c" is now "c_class" (was "c"
8127 before); "cI" is no longer bound, use "c.intro" instead.
8128 INCOMPATIBILITY. This change avoids clashes of fact bindings for
8129 axclasses vs. locales.
8131 * Improved internal renaming of symbolic identifiers -- attach primes
8132 instead of base 26 numbers.
8134 * New flag show_question_marks controls printing of leading question
8135 marks in schematic variable names.
8137 * In schematic variable names, *any* symbol following \<^isub> or
8138 \<^isup> is now treated as part of the base name. For example, the
8139 following works without printing of awkward ".0" indexes:
8141 lemma "x\<^isub>1 = x\<^isub>2 ==> x\<^isub>2 = x\<^isub>1"
8144 * Inner syntax includes (*(*nested*) comments*).
8146 * Pretty printer now supports unbreakable blocks, specified in mixfix
8147 annotations as "(00...)".
8149 * Clear separation of logical types and nonterminals, where the latter
8150 may only occur in 'syntax' specifications or type abbreviations.
8151 Before that distinction was only partially implemented via type class
8152 "logic" vs. "{}". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in rare cases of improper
8153 use of 'types'/'consts' instead of 'nonterminals'/'syntax'. Some very
8154 exotic syntax specifications may require further adaption
8155 (e.g. Cube/Cube.thy).
8157 * Removed obsolete type class "logic", use the top sort {} instead.
8158 Note that non-logical types should be declared as 'nonterminals'
8159 rather than 'types'. INCOMPATIBILITY for new object-logic
8162 * Attributes 'induct' and 'cases': type or set names may now be
8163 locally fixed variables as well.
8165 * Simplifier: can now control the depth to which conditional rewriting
8166 is traced via the PG menu Isabelle -> Settings -> Trace Simp Depth
8169 * Simplifier: simplification procedures may now take the current
8170 simpset into account (cf. Simplifier.simproc(_i) / mk_simproc
8171 interface), which is very useful for calling the Simplifier
8172 recursively. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: the 'prems' argument of simprocs
8173 is gone -- use prems_of_ss on the simpset instead. Moreover, the
8174 low-level mk_simproc no longer applies Logic.varify internally, to
8175 allow for use in a context of fixed variables.
8177 * thin_tac now works even if the assumption being deleted contains !!
8178 or ==>. More generally, erule now works even if the major premise of
8179 the elimination rule contains !! or ==>.
8181 * Method 'rules' has been renamed to 'iprover'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8183 * Reorganized bootstrapping of the Pure theories; CPure is now derived
8184 from Pure, which contains all common declarations already. Both
8185 theories are defined via plain Isabelle/Isar .thy files.
8186 INCOMPATIBILITY: elements of CPure (such as the CPure.intro /
8187 CPure.elim / CPure.dest attributes) now appear in the Pure name space;
8188 use isatool fixcpure to adapt your theory and ML sources.
8190 * New syntax 'name(i-j, i-, i, ...)' for referring to specific
8191 selections of theorems in named facts via index ranges.
8193 * 'print_theorems': in theory mode, really print the difference
8194 wrt. the last state (works for interactive theory development only),
8195 in proof mode print all local facts (cf. 'print_facts');
8197 * 'hide': option '(open)' hides only base names.
8199 * More efficient treatment of intermediate checkpoints in interactive
8202 * Code generator is now invoked via code_module (incremental code
8203 generation) and code_library (modular code generation, ML structures
8204 for each theory). INCOMPATIBILITY: new keywords 'file' and 'contains'
8205 must be quoted when used as identifiers.
8207 * New 'value' command for reading, evaluating and printing terms using
8208 the code generator. INCOMPATIBILITY: command keyword 'value' must be
8209 quoted when used as identifier.
8214 * New commands for the interpretation of locale expressions in
8215 theories (1), locales (2) and proof contexts (3). These generate
8216 proof obligations from the expression specification. After the
8217 obligations have been discharged, theorems of the expression are added
8218 to the theory, target locale or proof context. The synopsis of the
8219 commands is a follows:
8221 (1) interpretation expr inst
8222 (2) interpretation target < expr
8223 (3) interpret expr inst
8225 Interpretation in theories and proof contexts require a parameter
8226 instantiation of terms from the current context. This is applied to
8227 specifications and theorems of the interpreted expression.
8228 Interpretation in locales only permits parameter renaming through the
8229 locale expression. Interpretation is smart in that interpretations
8230 that are active already do not occur in proof obligations, neither are
8231 instantiated theorems stored in duplicate. Use 'print_interps' to
8232 inspect active interpretations of a particular locale. For details,
8233 see the Isar Reference manual. Examples can be found in
8234 HOL/Finite_Set.thy and HOL/Algebra/UnivPoly.thy.
8236 INCOMPATIBILITY: former 'instantiate' has been withdrawn, use
8237 'interpret' instead.
8239 * New context element 'constrains' for adding type constraints to
8242 * Context expressions: renaming of parameters with syntax
8245 * Locale declaration: 'includes' disallowed.
8247 * Proper static binding of attribute syntax -- i.e. types / terms /
8248 facts mentioned as arguments are always those of the locale definition
8249 context, independently of the context of later invocations. Moreover,
8250 locale operations (renaming and type / term instantiation) are applied
8251 to attribute arguments as expected.
8253 INCOMPATIBILITY of the ML interface: always pass Attrib.src instead of
8254 actual attributes; rare situations may require Attrib.attribute to
8255 embed those attributes into Attrib.src that lack concrete syntax.
8256 Attribute implementations need to cooperate properly with the static
8257 binding mechanism. Basic parsers Args.XXX_typ/term/prop and
8258 Attrib.XXX_thm etc. already do the right thing without further
8259 intervention. Only unusual applications -- such as "where" or "of"
8260 (cf. src/Pure/Isar/attrib.ML), which process arguments depending both
8261 on the context and the facts involved -- may have to assign parsed
8262 values to argument tokens explicitly.
8264 * Changed parameter management in theorem generation for long goal
8265 statements with 'includes'. INCOMPATIBILITY: produces a different
8266 theorem statement in rare situations.
8268 * Locale inspection command 'print_locale' omits notes elements. Use
8269 'print_locale!' to have them included in the output.
8274 * Provers/hypsubst.ML: improved version of the subst method, for
8275 single-step rewriting: it now works in bound variable contexts. New is
8276 'subst (asm)', for rewriting an assumption. INCOMPATIBILITY: may
8277 rewrite a different subterm than the original subst method, which is
8278 still available as 'simplesubst'.
8280 * Provers/quasi.ML: new transitivity reasoners for transitivity only
8283 * Provers/trancl.ML: new transitivity reasoner for transitive and
8284 reflexive-transitive closure of relations.
8286 * Provers/blast.ML: new reference depth_limit to make blast's depth
8287 limit (previously hard-coded with a value of 20) user-definable.
8289 * Provers/simplifier.ML has been moved to Pure, where Simplifier.setup
8290 is peformed already. Object-logics merely need to finish their
8291 initial simpset configuration as before. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8296 * Symbolic syntax of Hilbert Choice Operator is now as follows:
8299 "_Eps" :: "[pttrn, bool] => 'a" ("(3\<some>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)
8301 The symbol \<some> is displayed as the alternative epsilon of LaTeX
8302 and x-symbol; use option '-m epsilon' to get it actually printed.
8303 Moreover, the mathematically important symbolic identifier \<epsilon>
8304 becomes available as variable, constant etc. INCOMPATIBILITY,
8306 * "x > y" abbreviates "y < x" and "x >= y" abbreviates "y <= x".
8307 Similarly for all quantifiers: "ALL x > y" etc. The x-symbol for >=
8308 is \<ge>. New transitivity rules have been added to HOL/Orderings.thy to
8309 support corresponding Isar calculations.
8311 * "{x:A. P}" abbreviates "{x. x:A & P}", and similarly for "\<in>"
8314 * theory SetInterval: changed the syntax for open intervals:
8323 The old syntax is still supported but will disappear in the next
8324 release. For conversion use the following Emacs search and replace
8325 patterns (these are not perfect but work quite well):
8327 {)\([^\.]*\)\.\. -> {\1<\.\.}
8328 \.\.\([^(}]*\)(} -> \.\.<\1}
8330 * Theory Commutative_Ring (in Library): method comm_ring for proving
8331 equalities in commutative rings; method 'algebra' provides a generic
8334 * Theory Finite_Set: changed the syntax for 'setsum', summation over
8335 finite sets: "setsum (%x. e) A", which used to be "\<Sum>x:A. e", is
8336 now either "SUM x:A. e" or "\<Sum>x \<in> A. e". The bound variable can
8339 Some new syntax forms are available:
8341 "\<Sum>x | P. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {x. P}"
8342 "\<Sum>x = a..b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..b}"
8343 "\<Sum>x = a..<b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..<b}"
8344 "\<Sum>x < k. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {..<k}"
8346 The latter form "\<Sum>x < k. e" used to be based on a separate
8347 function "Summation", which has been discontinued.
8349 * theory Finite_Set: in structured induction proofs, the insert case
8350 is now 'case (insert x F)' instead of the old counterintuitive 'case
8353 * The 'refute' command has been extended to support a much larger
8354 fragment of HOL, including axiomatic type classes, constdefs and
8355 typedefs, inductive datatypes and recursion.
8357 * New tactics 'sat' and 'satx' to prove propositional tautologies.
8358 Requires zChaff with proof generation to be installed. See
8359 HOL/ex/SAT_Examples.thy for examples.
8361 * Datatype induction via method 'induct' now preserves the name of the
8362 induction variable. For example, when proving P(xs::'a list) by
8363 induction on xs, the induction step is now P(xs) ==> P(a#xs) rather
8364 than P(list) ==> P(a#list) as previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
8365 in unstructured proof scripts.
8367 * Reworked implementation of records. Improved scalability for
8368 records with many fields, avoiding performance problems for type
8369 inference. Records are no longer composed of nested field types, but
8370 of nested extension types. Therefore the record type only grows linear
8371 in the number of extensions and not in the number of fields. The
8372 top-level (users) view on records is preserved. Potential
8373 INCOMPATIBILITY only in strange cases, where the theory depends on the
8374 old record representation. The type generated for a record is called
8375 <record_name>_ext_type.
8377 Flag record_quick_and_dirty_sensitive can be enabled to skip the
8378 proofs triggered by a record definition or a simproc (if
8379 quick_and_dirty is enabled). Definitions of large records can take
8382 New simproc record_upd_simproc for simplification of multiple record
8383 updates enabled by default. Moreover, trivial updates are also
8384 removed: r(|x := x r|) = r. INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break
8385 occasionally, since simplification is more powerful by default.
8387 * typedef: proper support for polymorphic sets, which contain extra
8388 type-variables in the term.
8390 * Simplifier: automatically reasons about transitivity chains
8391 involving "trancl" (r^+) and "rtrancl" (r^*) by setting up tactics
8392 provided by Provers/trancl.ML as additional solvers. INCOMPATIBILITY:
8393 old proofs break occasionally as simplification may now solve more
8394 goals than previously.
8396 * Simplifier: converts x <= y into x = y if assumption y <= x is
8397 present. Works for all partial orders (class "order"), in particular
8398 numbers and sets. For linear orders (e.g. numbers) it treats ~ x < y
8401 * Simplifier: new simproc for "let x = a in f x". If a is a free or
8402 bound variable or a constant then the let is unfolded. Otherwise
8403 first a is simplified to b, and then f b is simplified to g. If
8404 possible we abstract b from g arriving at "let x = b in h x",
8405 otherwise we unfold the let and arrive at g. The simproc can be
8406 enabled/disabled by the reference use_let_simproc. Potential
8407 INCOMPATIBILITY since simplification is more powerful by default.
8409 * Classical reasoning: the meson method now accepts theorems as arguments.
8411 * Prover support: pre-release of the Isabelle-ATP linkup, which runs background
8412 jobs to provide advice on the provability of subgoals.
8414 * Theory OrderedGroup and Ring_and_Field: various additions and
8415 improvements to faciliate calculations involving equalities and
8418 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
8421 abs_eq now named abs_of_nonneg
8422 abs_of_ge_0 now named abs_of_nonneg
8423 abs_minus_eq now named abs_of_nonpos
8424 imp_abs_id now named abs_of_nonneg
8425 imp_abs_neg_id now named abs_of_nonpos
8426 mult_pos now named mult_pos_pos
8427 mult_pos_le now named mult_nonneg_nonneg
8428 mult_pos_neg_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos
8429 mult_pos_neg2_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos2
8430 mult_neg now named mult_neg_neg
8431 mult_neg_le now named mult_nonpos_nonpos
8433 * The following lemmas in Ring_and_Field have been added to the simplifier:
8436 not_square_less_zero
8438 The following lemmas have been deleted from Real/RealPow:
8448 * Theory Parity: added rules for simplifying exponents.
8452 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
8455 list_all_Nil now named list_all.simps(1)
8456 list_all_Cons now named list_all.simps(2)
8457 list_all_conv now named list_all_iff
8458 set_mem_eq now named mem_iff
8460 * Theories SetsAndFunctions and BigO (see HOL/Library) support
8461 asymptotic "big O" calculations. See the notes in BigO.thy.
8466 * Theory RealDef: better support for embedding natural numbers and
8467 integers in the reals.
8469 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
8472 exp_ge_add_one_self now requires no hypotheses
8473 real_of_int_add reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
8474 real_of_int_minus reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
8475 real_of_int_diff reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
8476 real_of_int_mult reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
8478 * Theory RComplete: expanded support for floor and ceiling functions.
8480 * Theory Ln is new, with properties of the natural logarithm
8482 * Hyperreal: There is a new type constructor "star" for making
8483 nonstandard types. The old type names are now type synonyms:
8487 hcomplex = complex star
8489 * Hyperreal: Many groups of similarly-defined constants have been
8490 replaced by polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
8492 star_of <-- hypreal_of_real, hypnat_of_nat, hcomplex_of_complex
8494 starset <-- starsetNat, starsetC
8495 *s* <-- *sNat*, *sc*
8496 starset_n <-- starsetNat_n, starsetC_n
8497 *sn* <-- *sNatn*, *scn*
8498 InternalSets <-- InternalNatSets, InternalCSets
8500 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
8501 *f* <-- *fNat*, *fNat2*, *fc*, *fRc*, *fcR*
8502 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n
8503 *fn* <-- *fNatn*, *fNat2n*, *fcn*, *fRcn*, *fcRn*
8504 InternalFuns <-- InternalNatFuns, InternalNatFuns2, Internal{C,RC,CR}Funs
8506 * Hyperreal: Many type-specific theorems have been removed in favor of
8507 theorems specific to various axiomatic type classes (INCOMPATIBILITY):
8509 add_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_commute
8510 add_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_assocs
8511 OrderedGroup.add_0 <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_zero_left
8512 OrderedGroup.add_0_right <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_zero_right
8513 right_minus <-- hypreal_add_minus
8514 left_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_minus_left
8515 mult_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_commute
8516 mult_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_assoc
8517 mult_1_left <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_1, hcomplex_mult_one_left
8518 mult_1_right <-- hcomplex_mult_one_right
8519 mult_zero_left <-- hcomplex_mult_zero_left
8520 left_distrib <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_mult_distrib
8521 right_distrib <-- hypnat_add_mult_distrib2
8522 zero_neq_one <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_not_eq_one
8523 right_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse
8524 left_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse_left, hcomplex_mult_inv_left
8525 order_refl <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_refl
8526 order_trans <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_trans
8527 order_antisym <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_anti_sym
8528 order_less_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less_le
8529 linorder_linear <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_linear
8530 add_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_add_left_mono
8531 mult_strict_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_less_mono2
8532 add_nonneg_nonneg <-- hypreal_le_add_order
8534 * Hyperreal: Separate theorems having to do with type-specific
8535 versions of constants have been merged into theorems that apply to the
8536 new polymorphic constants (INCOMPATIBILITY):
8538 STAR_UNIV_set <-- {STAR_real,NatStar_real,STARC_complex}_set
8539 STAR_empty_set <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_empty_set
8540 STAR_Un <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Un
8541 STAR_Int <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Int
8542 STAR_Compl <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Compl
8543 STAR_subset <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_subset
8544 STAR_mem <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_mem
8545 STAR_mem_Compl <-- {STAR,STARC}_mem_Compl
8546 STAR_diff <-- {STAR,STARC}_diff
8547 STAR_star_of_image_subset <-- {STAR_hypreal_of_real, NatStar_hypreal_of_real,
8548 STARC_hcomplex_of_complex}_image_subset
8549 starset_n_Un <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Un
8550 starset_n_Int <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Int
8551 starset_n_Compl <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Compl
8552 starset_n_diff <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_diff
8553 InternalSets_Un <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Un
8554 InternalSets_Int <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Int
8555 InternalSets_Compl <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Compl
8556 InternalSets_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_diff
8557 InternalSets_UNIV_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_UNIV_diff
8558 InternalSets_starset_n <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_starset{Nat,C}_n
8559 starset_starset_n_eq <-- starset{Nat,C}_starset{Nat,C}_n_eq
8560 starset_n_starset <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_starset{Nat,C}
8561 starfun_n_starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n_starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
8562 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
8563 starfun_mult <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_mult
8564 starfun_add <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_add
8565 starfun_minus <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_minus
8566 starfun_diff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_diff
8567 starfun_o <-- starfun{NatNat2,Nat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o
8568 starfun_o2 <-- starfun{NatNat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o2
8569 starfun_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_const_fun
8570 starfun_inverse <-- starfun{Nat,C,RC,CR}_inverse
8571 starfun_eq <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_eq
8572 starfun_eq_iff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_eq_iff
8573 starfun_Id <-- starfunC_Id
8574 starfun_approx <-- starfun{Nat,CR}_approx
8575 starfun_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_capprox
8576 starfun_abs <-- starfunNat_rabs
8577 starfun_lambda_cancel <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel
8578 starfun_lambda_cancel2 <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel2
8579 starfun_mult_HFinite_approx <-- starfunCR_mult_HFinite_capprox
8580 starfun_mult_CFinite_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_mult_CFinite_capprox
8581 starfun_add_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_add_capprox
8582 starfun_add_approx <-- starfunCR_add_approx
8583 starfun_inverse_inverse <-- starfunC_inverse_inverse
8584 starfun_divide <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_divide
8585 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n
8586 starfun_n_mult <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_mult
8587 starfun_n_add <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_add
8588 starfun_n_add_minus <-- starfunNat_n_add_minus
8589 starfun_n_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_const_fun
8590 starfun_n_minus <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_minus
8591 starfun_n_eq <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_eq
8593 star_n_add <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add
8594 star_n_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_minus
8595 star_n_diff <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_diff
8596 star_n_mult <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_mult
8597 star_n_inverse <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_inverse
8598 star_n_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le
8599 star_n_less <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less
8600 star_n_zero_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_num
8601 star_n_one_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_one_num
8602 star_n_abs <-- hypreal_hrabs
8603 star_n_divide <-- hcomplex_divide
8605 star_of_add <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_add
8606 star_of_minus <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_minus
8607 star_of_diff <-- hypreal_of_real_diff
8608 star_of_mult <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_mult
8609 star_of_one <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_one
8610 star_of_zero <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_zero
8611 star_of_le <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_le_iff
8612 star_of_less <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_less_iff
8613 star_of_eq <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_eq_iff
8614 star_of_inverse <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_inverse
8615 star_of_divide <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_divide
8616 star_of_of_nat <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_nat
8617 star_of_of_int <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_int
8618 star_of_number_of <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_number_of
8619 star_of_number_less <-- number_of_less_hypreal_of_real_iff
8620 star_of_number_le <-- number_of_le_hypreal_of_real_iff
8621 star_of_eq_number <-- hypreal_of_real_eq_number_of_iff
8622 star_of_less_number <-- hypreal_of_real_less_number_of_iff
8623 star_of_le_number <-- hypreal_of_real_le_number_of_iff
8624 star_of_power <-- hypreal_of_real_power
8625 star_of_eq_0 <-- hcomplex_of_complex_zero_iff
8627 * Hyperreal: new method "transfer" that implements the transfer
8628 principle of nonstandard analysis. With a subgoal that mentions
8629 nonstandard types like "'a star", the command "apply transfer"
8630 replaces it with an equivalent one that mentions only standard types.
8631 To be successful, all free variables must have standard types; non-
8632 standard variables must have explicit universal quantifiers.
8634 * Hyperreal: A theory of Taylor series.
8639 * Discontinued special version of 'constdefs' (which used to support
8640 continuous functions) in favor of the general Pure one with full
8643 * New simplification procedure for solving continuity conditions; it
8644 is much faster on terms with many nested lambda abstractions (cubic
8645 instead of exponential time).
8647 * New syntax for domain package: selector names are now optional.
8648 Parentheses should be omitted unless argument is lazy, for example:
8650 domain 'a stream = cons "'a" (lazy "'a stream")
8652 * New command 'fixrec' for defining recursive functions with pattern
8653 matching; defining multiple functions with mutual recursion is also
8654 supported. Patterns may include the constants cpair, spair, up, sinl,
8655 sinr, or any data constructor defined by the domain package. The given
8656 equations are proven as rewrite rules. See HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
8657 syntax and examples.
8659 * New commands 'cpodef' and 'pcpodef' for defining predicate subtypes
8660 of cpo and pcpo types. Syntax is exactly like the 'typedef' command,
8661 but the proof obligation additionally includes an admissibility
8662 requirement. The packages generate instances of class cpo or pcpo,
8663 with continuity and strictness theorems for Rep and Abs.
8665 * HOLCF: Many theorems have been renamed according to a more standard naming
8666 scheme (INCOMPATIBILITY):
8668 foo_inject: "foo$x = foo$y ==> x = y"
8669 foo_eq: "(foo$x = foo$y) = (x = y)"
8670 foo_less: "(foo$x << foo$y) = (x << y)"
8671 foo_strict: "foo$UU = UU"
8672 foo_defined: "... ==> foo$x ~= UU"
8673 foo_defined_iff: "(foo$x = UU) = (x = UU)"
8678 * ZF/ex: theories Group and Ring provide examples in abstract algebra,
8679 including the First Isomorphism Theorem (on quotienting by the kernel
8682 * ZF/Simplifier: install second copy of type solver that actually
8683 makes use of TC rules declared to Isar proof contexts (or locales);
8684 the old version is still required for ML proof scripts.
8689 * Converted to Isar theory format; use locales instead of axiomatic
8695 * Pure/library.ML: added ##>, ##>>, #>> -- higher-order counterparts
8698 * Pure/library.ML no longer defines its own option datatype, but uses
8699 that of the SML basis, which has constructors NONE and SOME instead of
8700 None and Some, as well as exception Option.Option instead of OPTION.
8701 The functions the, if_none, is_some, is_none have been adapted
8702 accordingly, while Option.map replaces apsome.
8704 * Pure/library.ML: the exception LIST has been given up in favour of
8705 the standard exceptions Empty and Subscript, as well as
8706 Library.UnequalLengths. Function like Library.hd and Library.tl are
8707 superceded by the standard hd and tl functions etc.
8709 A number of basic list functions are no longer exported to the ML
8710 toplevel, as they are variants of predefined functions. The following
8711 suggests how one can translate existing code:
8713 rev_append xs ys = List.revAppend (xs, ys)
8714 nth_elem (i, xs) = List.nth (xs, i)
8715 last_elem xs = List.last xs
8716 flat xss = List.concat xss
8717 seq fs = List.app fs
8718 partition P xs = List.partition P xs
8719 mapfilter f xs = List.mapPartial f xs
8721 * Pure/library.ML: several combinators for linear functional
8722 transformations, notably reverse application and composition:
8725 (x, y) |-> f f #-> g
8727 * Pure/library.ML: introduced/changed precedence of infix operators:
8729 infix 1 |> |-> ||> ||>> |>> |>>> #> #->;
8731 infix 3 o oo ooo oooo;
8732 infix 4 ~~ upto downto;
8734 Maybe INCOMPATIBILITY when any of those is used in conjunction with other
8737 * Pure/library.ML: natural list combinators fold, fold_rev, and
8738 fold_map support linear functional transformations and nesting. For
8741 fold f [x1, ..., xN] y =
8742 y |> f x1 |> ... |> f xN
8744 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] y =
8745 y |> fold f xs1 |> ... |> fold f xsN
8747 fold f [x1, ..., xN] =
8750 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] =
8751 fold f xs1 #> ... #> fold f xsN
8753 * Pure/library.ML: the following selectors on type 'a option are
8756 the: 'a option -> 'a (*partial*)
8757 these: 'a option -> 'a where 'a = 'b list
8758 the_default: 'a -> 'a option -> 'a
8759 the_list: 'a option -> 'a list
8761 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
8762 basic operations for association lists, following natural argument
8763 order; moreover the explicit equality predicate passed here avoids
8764 potentially expensive polymorphic runtime equality checks.
8765 The old functions may be expressed as follows:
8767 assoc = uncurry (AList.lookup (op =))
8768 assocs = these oo AList.lookup (op =)
8769 overwrite = uncurry (AList.update (op =)) o swap
8771 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
8773 val make: ('a -> 'b) -> 'a list -> ('a * 'b) list
8774 val find: ('a * 'b -> bool) -> ('c * 'b) list -> 'a -> 'c list
8776 replacing make_keylist and keyfilter (occassionally used)
8779 make_keylist = AList.make
8780 keyfilter = AList.find (op =)
8782 * eq_fst and eq_snd now take explicit equality parameter, thus
8783 avoiding eqtypes. Naive rewrites:
8785 eq_fst = eq_fst (op =)
8786 eq_snd = eq_snd (op =)
8788 * Removed deprecated apl and apr (rarely used).
8791 apl (n, op) =>>= curry op n
8792 apr (op, m) =>>= fn n => op (n, m)
8794 * Pure/General: structure OrdList (cf. Pure/General/ord_list.ML)
8795 provides a reasonably efficient light-weight implementation of sets as
8798 * Pure/General: generic tables (cf. Pure/General/table.ML) provide a
8799 few new operations; existing lookup and update are now curried to
8800 follow natural argument order (for use with fold etc.);
8801 INCOMPATIBILITY, use (uncurry Symtab.lookup) etc. as last resort.
8803 * Pure/General: output via the Isabelle channels of
8804 writeln/warning/error etc. is now passed through Output.output, with a
8805 hook for arbitrary transformations depending on the print_mode
8806 (cf. Output.add_mode -- the first active mode that provides a output
8807 function wins). Already formatted output may be embedded into further
8808 text via Output.raw; the result of Pretty.string_of/str_of and derived
8809 functions (string_of_term/cterm/thm etc.) is already marked raw to
8810 accommodate easy composition of diagnostic messages etc. Programmers
8811 rarely need to care about Output.output or Output.raw at all, with
8812 some notable exceptions: Output.output is required when bypassing the
8813 standard channels (writeln etc.), or in token translations to produce
8814 properly formatted results; Output.raw is required when capturing
8815 already output material that will eventually be presented to the user
8816 a second time. For the default print mode, both Output.output and
8817 Output.raw have no effect.
8819 * Pure/General: Output.time_accumulator NAME creates an operator ('a
8820 -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b to measure runtime and count invocations; the
8821 cumulative results are displayed at the end of a batch session.
8823 * Pure/General: File.sysify_path and File.quote_sysify path have been
8824 replaced by File.platform_path and File.shell_path (with appropriate
8825 hooks). This provides a clean interface for unusual systems where the
8826 internal and external process view of file names are different.
8828 * Pure: more efficient orders for basic syntactic entities: added
8829 fast_string_ord, fast_indexname_ord, fast_term_ord; changed sort_ord
8830 and typ_ord to use fast_string_ord and fast_indexname_ord (term_ord is
8831 NOT affected); structures Symtab, Vartab, Typtab, Termtab use the fast
8832 orders now -- potential INCOMPATIBILITY for code that depends on a
8833 particular order for Symtab.keys, Symtab.dest, etc. (consider using
8834 Library.sort_strings on result).
8836 * Pure/term.ML: combinators fold_atyps, fold_aterms, fold_term_types,
8837 fold_types traverse types/terms from left to right, observing natural
8838 argument order. Supercedes previous foldl_XXX versions, add_frees,
8839 add_vars etc. have been adapted as well: INCOMPATIBILITY.
8841 * Pure: name spaces have been refined, with significant changes of the
8842 internal interfaces -- INCOMPATIBILITY. Renamed cond_extern(_table)
8843 to extern(_table). The plain name entry path is superceded by a
8844 general 'naming' context, which also includes the 'policy' to produce
8845 a fully qualified name and external accesses of a fully qualified
8846 name; NameSpace.extend is superceded by context dependent
8847 Sign.declare_name. Several theory and proof context operations modify
8848 the naming context. Especially note Theory.restore_naming and
8849 ProofContext.restore_naming to get back to a sane state; note that
8850 Theory.add_path is no longer sufficient to recover from
8851 Theory.absolute_path in particular.
8853 * Pure: new flags short_names (default false) and unique_names
8854 (default true) for controlling output of qualified names. If
8855 short_names is set, names are printed unqualified. If unique_names is
8856 reset, the name prefix is reduced to the minimum required to achieve
8857 the original result when interning again, even if there is an overlap
8858 with earlier declarations.
8860 * Pure/TheoryDataFun: change of the argument structure; 'prep_ext' is
8861 now 'extend', and 'merge' gets an additional Pretty.pp argument
8862 (useful for printing error messages). INCOMPATIBILITY.
8864 * Pure: major reorganization of the theory context. Type Sign.sg and
8865 Theory.theory are now identified, referring to the universal
8866 Context.theory (see Pure/context.ML). Actual signature and theory
8867 content is managed as theory data. The old code and interfaces were
8868 spread over many files and structures; the new arrangement introduces
8869 considerable INCOMPATIBILITY to gain more clarity:
8871 Context -- theory management operations (name, identity, inclusion,
8872 parents, ancestors, merge, etc.), plus generic theory data;
8874 Sign -- logical signature and syntax operations (declaring consts,
8875 types, etc.), plus certify/read for common entities;
8877 Theory -- logical theory operations (stating axioms, definitions,
8878 oracles), plus a copy of logical signature operations (consts,
8879 types, etc.); also a few basic management operations (Theory.copy,
8882 The most basic sign_of operations (Theory.sign_of, Thm.sign_of_thm
8883 etc.) as well as the sign field in Thm.rep_thm etc. have been retained
8884 for convenience -- they merely return the theory.
8886 * Pure: type Type.tsig is superceded by theory in most interfaces.
8888 * Pure: the Isar proof context type is already defined early in Pure
8889 as Context.proof (note that ProofContext.context and Proof.context are
8890 aliases, where the latter is the preferred name). This enables other
8891 Isabelle components to refer to that type even before Isar is present.
8893 * Pure/sign/theory: discontinued named name spaces (i.e. classK,
8894 typeK, constK, axiomK, oracleK), but provide explicit operations for
8895 any of these kinds. For example, Sign.intern typeK is now
8896 Sign.intern_type, Theory.hide_space Sign.typeK is now
8897 Theory.hide_types. Also note that former
8898 Theory.hide_classes/types/consts are now
8899 Theory.hide_classes_i/types_i/consts_i, while the non '_i' versions
8900 internalize their arguments! INCOMPATIBILITY.
8902 * Pure: get_thm interface (of PureThy and ProofContext) expects
8903 datatype thmref (with constructors Name and NameSelection) instead of
8904 plain string -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
8906 * Pure: cases produced by proof methods specify options, where NONE
8907 means to remove case bindings -- INCOMPATIBILITY in
8910 * Pure: the following operations retrieve axioms or theorems from a
8911 theory node or theory hierarchy, respectively:
8913 Theory.axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
8914 Theory.all_axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
8915 PureThy.thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
8916 PureThy.all_thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
8918 * Pure: print_tac now outputs the goal through the trace channel.
8920 * Isar toplevel: improved diagnostics, mostly for Poly/ML only.
8921 Reference Toplevel.debug (default false) controls detailed printing
8922 and tracing of low-level exceptions; Toplevel.profiling (default 0)
8923 controls execution profiling -- set to 1 for time and 2 for space
8924 (both increase the runtime).
8926 * Isar session: The initial use of ROOT.ML is now always timed,
8927 i.e. the log will show the actual process times, in contrast to the
8928 elapsed wall-clock time that the outer shell wrapper produces.
8930 * Simplifier: improved handling of bound variables (nameless
8931 representation, avoid allocating new strings). Simprocs that invoke
8932 the Simplifier recursively should use Simplifier.inherit_bounds to
8933 avoid local name clashes. Failure to do so produces warnings
8934 "Simplifier: renamed bound variable ..."; set Simplifier.debug_bounds
8935 for further details.
8937 * ML functions legacy_bindings and use_legacy_bindings produce ML fact
8938 bindings for all theorems stored within a given theory; this may help
8939 in porting non-Isar theories to Isar ones, while keeping ML proof
8940 scripts for the time being.
8942 * ML operator HTML.with_charset specifies the charset begin used for
8943 generated HTML files. For example:
8945 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Hebrew";
8946 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Chinese";
8951 * Allow symlinks to all proper Isabelle executables (Isabelle,
8952 isabelle, isatool etc.).
8954 * ISABELLE_DOC_FORMAT setting specifies preferred document format (for
8955 isatool doc, isatool mkdir, display_drafts etc.).
8957 * isatool usedir: option -f allows specification of the ML file to be
8958 used by Isabelle; default is ROOT.ML.
8960 * New isatool version outputs the version identifier of the Isabelle
8961 distribution being used.
8963 * HOL: new isatool dimacs2hol converts files in DIMACS CNF format
8964 (containing Boolean satisfiability problems) into Isabelle/HOL
8969 New in Isabelle2004 (April 2004)
8970 --------------------------------
8974 * Provers/order.ML: new efficient reasoner for partial and linear orders.
8975 Replaces linorder.ML.
8977 * Pure: Greek letters (except small lambda, \<lambda>), as well as Gothic
8978 (\<aa>...\<zz>\<AA>...\<ZZ>), calligraphic (\<A>...\<Z>), and Euler
8979 (\<a>...\<z>), are now considered normal letters, and can therefore
8980 be used anywhere where an ASCII letter (a...zA...Z) has until
8981 now. COMPATIBILITY: This obviously changes the parsing of some
8982 terms, especially where a symbol has been used as a binder, say
8983 '\<Pi>x. ...', which is now a type error since \<Pi>x will be parsed
8984 as an identifier. Fix it by inserting a space around former
8985 symbols. Call 'isatool fixgreek' to try to fix parsing errors in
8986 existing theory and ML files.
8988 * Pure: Macintosh and Windows line-breaks are now allowed in theory files.
8990 * Pure: single letter sub/superscripts (\<^isub> and \<^isup>) are now
8991 allowed in identifiers. Similar to Greek letters \<^isub> is now considered
8992 a normal (but invisible) letter. For multiple letter subscripts repeat
8993 \<^isub> like this: x\<^isub>1\<^isub>2.
8995 * Pure: There are now sub-/superscripts that can span more than one
8996 character. Text between \<^bsub> and \<^esub> is set in subscript in
8997 ProofGeneral and LaTeX, text between \<^bsup> and \<^esup> in
8998 superscript. The new control characters are not identifier parts.
9000 * Pure: Control-symbols of the form \<^raw:...> will literally print the
9001 content of "..." to the latex file instead of \isacntrl... . The "..."
9002 may consist of any printable characters excluding the end bracket >.
9004 * Pure: Using new Isar command "finalconsts" (or the ML functions
9005 Theory.add_finals or Theory.add_finals_i) it is now possible to
9006 declare constants "final", which prevents their being given a definition
9007 later. It is useful for constants whose behaviour is fixed axiomatically
9008 rather than definitionally, such as the meta-logic connectives.
9010 * Pure: 'instance' now handles general arities with general sorts
9011 (i.e. intersections of classes),
9013 * Presentation: generated HTML now uses a CSS style sheet to make layout
9014 (somewhat) independent of content. It is copied from lib/html/isabelle.css.
9015 It can be changed to alter the colors/layout of generated pages.
9020 * Tactic emulation methods rule_tac, erule_tac, drule_tac, frule_tac,
9021 cut_tac, subgoal_tac and thin_tac:
9022 - Now understand static (Isar) contexts. As a consequence, users of Isar
9023 locales are no longer forced to write Isar proof scripts.
9024 For details see Isar Reference Manual, paragraph 4.3.2: Further tactic
9026 - INCOMPATIBILITY: names of variables to be instantiated may no
9027 longer be enclosed in quotes. Instead, precede variable name with `?'.
9028 This is consistent with the instantiation attribute "where".
9030 * Attributes "where" and "of":
9031 - Now take type variables of instantiated theorem into account when reading
9032 the instantiation string. This fixes a bug that caused instantiated
9033 theorems to have too special types in some circumstances.
9034 - "where" permits explicit instantiations of type variables.
9036 * Calculation commands "moreover" and "also" no longer interfere with
9037 current facts ("this"), admitting arbitrary combinations with "then"
9041 - Goal statements involving the context element "includes" no longer
9042 generate theorems with internal delta predicates (those ending on
9043 "_axioms") in the premise.
9044 Resolve particular premise with <locale>.intro to obtain old form.
9045 - Fixed bug in type inference ("unify_frozen") that prevented mix of target
9046 specification and "includes" elements in goal statement.
9047 - Rule sets <locale>.intro and <locale>.axioms no longer declared as
9048 [intro?] and [elim?] (respectively) by default.
9049 - Experimental command for instantiation of locales in proof contexts:
9050 instantiate <label>[<attrs>]: <loc>
9051 Instantiates locale <loc> and adds all its theorems to the current context
9052 taking into account their attributes. Label and attrs are optional
9053 modifiers, like in theorem declarations. If present, names of
9054 instantiated theorems are qualified with <label>, and the attributes
9055 <attrs> are applied after any attributes these theorems might have already.
9056 If the locale has assumptions, a chained fact of the form
9057 "<loc> t1 ... tn" is expected from which instantiations of the parameters
9058 are derived. The command does not support old-style locales declared
9059 with "locale (open)".
9060 A few (very simple) examples can be found in FOL/ex/LocaleInst.thy.
9062 * HOL: Tactic emulation methods induct_tac and case_tac understand static
9068 * Proof import: new image HOL4 contains the imported library from
9069 the HOL4 system with about 2500 theorems. It is imported by
9070 replaying proof terms produced by HOL4 in Isabelle. The HOL4 image
9071 can be used like any other Isabelle image. See
9072 HOL/Import/HOL/README for more information.
9075 - Much improved handling of linear and partial orders.
9076 Reasoners for linear and partial orders are set up for type classes
9077 "linorder" and "order" respectively, and are added to the default simpset
9078 as solvers. This means that the simplifier can build transitivity chains
9079 to solve goals from the assumptions.
9080 - INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break occasionally. Typically, applications
9081 of blast or auto after simplification become unnecessary because the goal
9082 is solved by simplification already.
9084 * Numerics: new theory Ring_and_Field contains over 250 basic numerical laws,
9085 all proved in axiomatic type classes for semirings, rings and fields.
9088 - Numeric types (nat, int, and in HOL-Complex rat, real, complex, etc.) are
9089 now formalized using the Ring_and_Field theory mentioned above.
9090 - INCOMPATIBILITY: simplification and arithmetic behaves somewhat differently
9091 than before, because now they are set up once in a generic manner.
9092 - INCOMPATIBILITY: many type-specific arithmetic laws have gone.
9093 Look for the general versions in Ring_and_Field (and Power if they concern
9096 * Type "rat" of the rational numbers is now available in HOL-Complex.
9099 - Record types are now by default printed with their type abbreviation
9100 instead of the list of all field types. This can be configured via
9101 the reference "print_record_type_abbr".
9102 - Simproc "record_upd_simproc" for simplification of multiple updates added
9103 (not enabled by default).
9104 - Simproc "record_ex_sel_eq_simproc" to simplify EX x. sel r = x resp.
9105 EX x. x = sel r to True (not enabled by default).
9106 - Tactic "record_split_simp_tac" to split and simplify records added.
9108 * 'specification' command added, allowing for definition by
9109 specification. There is also an 'ax_specification' command that
9110 introduces the new constants axiomatically.
9112 * arith(_tac) is now able to generate counterexamples for reals as well.
9114 * HOL-Algebra: new locale "ring" for non-commutative rings.
9116 * HOL-ex: InductiveInvariant_examples illustrates advanced recursive function
9117 definitions, thanks to Sava Krsti\'{c} and John Matthews.
9119 * HOL-Matrix: a first theory for matrices in HOL with an application of
9120 matrix theory to linear programming.
9122 * Unions and Intersections:
9123 The latex output syntax of UN and INT has been changed
9124 from "\Union x \in A. B" to "\Union_{x \in A} B"
9125 i.e. the index formulae has become a subscript.
9126 Similarly for "\Union x. B", and for \Inter instead of \Union.
9128 * Unions and Intersections over Intervals:
9129 There is new short syntax "UN i<=n. A" for "UN i:{0..n}. A". There is
9130 also an x-symbol version with subscripts "\<Union>\<^bsub>i <= n\<^esub>. A"
9131 like in normal math, and corresponding versions for < and for intersection.
9133 * HOL/List: Ordering "lexico" is renamed "lenlex" and the standard
9134 lexicographic dictonary ordering has been added as "lexord".
9136 * ML: the legacy theory structures Int and List have been removed. They had
9137 conflicted with ML Basis Library structures having the same names.
9139 * 'refute' command added to search for (finite) countermodels. Only works
9140 for a fragment of HOL. The installation of an external SAT solver is
9141 highly recommended. See "HOL/Refute.thy" for details.
9143 * 'quickcheck' command: Allows to find counterexamples by evaluating
9144 formulae under an assignment of free variables to random values.
9145 In contrast to 'refute', it can deal with inductive datatypes,
9146 but cannot handle quantifiers. See "HOL/ex/Quickcheck_Examples.thy"
9152 * Streams now come with concatenation and are part of the HOLCF image
9156 New in Isabelle2003 (May 2003)
9157 ------------------------------
9161 * Provers/simplifier:
9163 - Completely reimplemented method simp (ML: Asm_full_simp_tac):
9164 Assumptions are now subject to complete mutual simplification,
9165 not just from left to right. The simplifier now preserves
9166 the order of assumptions.
9168 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
9170 -- simp sometimes diverges where the old version did
9171 not, e.g. invoking simp on the goal
9173 [| P (f x); y = x; f x = f y |] ==> Q
9175 now gives rise to the infinite reduction sequence
9177 P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> P(f y) --(y = x)--> P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> ...
9179 Using "simp (asm_lr)" (ML: Asm_lr_simp_tac) instead often solves this
9182 -- Tactics combining classical reasoner and simplification (such as auto)
9183 are also affected by this change, because many of them rely on
9184 simp. They may sometimes diverge as well or yield a different numbers
9185 of subgoals. Try to use e.g. force, fastsimp, or safe instead of auto
9186 in case of problems. Sometimes subsequent calls to the classical
9187 reasoner will fail because a preceeding call to the simplifier too
9188 eagerly simplified the goal, e.g. deleted redundant premises.
9190 - The simplifier trace now shows the names of the applied rewrite rules
9192 - You can limit the number of recursive invocations of the simplifier
9193 during conditional rewriting (where the simplifie tries to solve the
9194 conditions before applying the rewrite rule):
9195 ML "simp_depth_limit := n"
9196 where n is an integer. Thus you can force termination where previously
9197 the simplifier would diverge.
9199 - Accepts free variables as head terms in congruence rules. Useful in Isar.
9201 - No longer aborts on failed congruence proof. Instead, the
9202 congruence is ignored.
9204 * Pure: New generic framework for extracting programs from constructive
9205 proofs. See HOL/Extraction.thy for an example instantiation, as well
9206 as HOL/Extraction for some case studies.
9208 * Pure: The main goal of the proof state is no longer shown by default, only
9209 the subgoals. This behaviour is controlled by a new flag.
9210 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Settings -> Show Main Goal
9211 (ML: Proof.show_main_goal).
9213 * Pure: You can find all matching introduction rules for subgoal 1, i.e. all
9214 rules whose conclusion matches subgoal 1:
9215 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Show me -> matching rules
9216 The rules are ordered by how closely they match the subgoal.
9217 In particular, rules that solve a subgoal outright are displayed first
9218 (or rather last, the way they are printed).
9219 (ML: ProofGeneral.print_intros())
9221 * Pure: New flag trace_unify_fail causes unification to print
9222 diagnostic information (PG: in trace buffer) when it fails. This is
9223 useful for figuring out why single step proofs like rule, erule or
9226 * Pure: Locale specifications now produce predicate definitions
9227 according to the body of text (covering assumptions modulo local
9228 definitions); predicate "loc_axioms" covers newly introduced text,
9229 while "loc" is cumulative wrt. all included locale expressions; the
9230 latter view is presented only on export into the global theory
9231 context; potential INCOMPATIBILITY, use "(open)" option to fall back
9232 on the old view without predicates;
9234 * Pure: predefined locales "var" and "struct" are useful for sharing
9235 parameters (as in CASL, for example); just specify something like
9236 ``var x + var y + struct M'' as import;
9238 * Pure: improved thms_containing: proper indexing of facts instead of
9239 raw theorems; check validity of results wrt. current name space;
9240 include local facts of proof configuration (also covers active
9241 locales), cover fixed variables in index; may use "_" in term
9242 specification; an optional limit for the number of printed facts may
9243 be given (the default is 40);
9245 * Pure: disallow duplicate fact bindings within new-style theory files
9248 * Provers: improved induct method: assumptions introduced by case
9249 "foo" are split into "foo.hyps" (from the rule) and "foo.prems" (from
9250 the goal statement); "foo" still refers to all facts collectively;
9252 * Provers: the function blast.overloaded has been removed: all constants
9253 are regarded as potentially overloaded, which improves robustness in exchange
9254 for slight decrease in efficiency;
9256 * Provers/linorder: New generic prover for transitivity reasoning over
9257 linear orders. Note: this prover is not efficient!
9259 * Isar: preview of problems to finish 'show' now produce an error
9260 rather than just a warning (in interactive mode);
9267 - Produces a counter example if it cannot prove a goal.
9268 Note that the counter example may be spurious if the goal is not a formula
9269 of quantifier-free linear arithmetic.
9270 In ProofGeneral the counter example appears in the trace buffer.
9272 - Knows about div k and mod k where k is a numeral of type nat or int.
9274 - Calls full Presburger arithmetic (by Amine Chaieb) if quantifier-free
9275 linear arithmetic fails. This takes account of quantifiers and divisibility.
9276 Presburger arithmetic can also be called explicitly via presburger(_tac).
9278 * simp's arithmetic capabilities have been enhanced a bit: it now
9279 takes ~= in premises into account (by performing a case split);
9281 * simp reduces "m*(n div m) + n mod m" to n, even if the two summands
9282 are distributed over a sum of terms;
9284 * New tactic "trans_tac" and method "trans" instantiate
9285 Provers/linorder.ML for axclasses "order" and "linorder" (predicates
9288 * function INCOMPATIBILITIES: Pi-sets have been redefined and moved from main
9289 HOL to Library/FuncSet; constant "Fun.op o" is now called "Fun.comp";
9291 * 'typedef' command has new option "open" to suppress the set
9294 * functions Min and Max on finite sets have been introduced (theory
9297 * attribute [symmetric] now works for relations as well; it turns
9298 (x,y) : R^-1 into (y,x) : R, and vice versa;
9300 * induct over a !!-quantified statement (say !!x1..xn):
9301 each "case" automatically performs "fix x1 .. xn" with exactly those names.
9303 * Map: `empty' is no longer a constant but a syntactic abbreviation for
9304 %x. None. Warning: empty_def now refers to the previously hidden definition
9307 * Algebra: formalization of classical algebra. Intended as base for
9308 any algebraic development in Isabelle. Currently covers group theory
9309 (up to Sylow's theorem) and ring theory (Universal Property of
9310 Univariate Polynomials). Contributions welcome;
9312 * GroupTheory: deleted, since its material has been moved to Algebra;
9314 * Complex: new directory of the complex numbers with numeric constants,
9315 nonstandard complex numbers, and some complex analysis, standard and
9316 nonstandard (Jacques Fleuriot);
9318 * HOL-Complex: new image for analysis, replacing HOL-Real and HOL-Hyperreal;
9320 * Hyperreal: introduced Gauge integration and hyperreal logarithms (Jacques
9323 * Real/HahnBanach: updated and adapted to locales;
9325 * NumberTheory: added Gauss's law of quadratic reciprocity (by Avigad,
9328 * UNITY: added the Meier-Sanders theory of progress sets;
9330 * MicroJava: bytecode verifier and lightweight bytecode verifier
9331 as abstract algorithms, instantiated to the JVM;
9333 * Bali: Java source language formalization. Type system, operational
9334 semantics, axiomatic semantics. Supported language features:
9335 classes, interfaces, objects,virtual methods, static methods,
9336 static/instance fields, arrays, access modifiers, definite
9337 assignment, exceptions.
9342 * ZF/Constructible: consistency proof for AC (Gdel's constructible
9345 * Main ZF: virtually all theories converted to new-style format;
9350 * Pure: Tactic.prove provides sane interface for internal proofs;
9351 omits the infamous "standard" operation, so this is more appropriate
9352 than prove_goalw_cterm in many situations (e.g. in simprocs);
9354 * Pure: improved error reporting of simprocs;
9356 * Provers: Simplifier.simproc(_i) provides sane interface for setting
9360 *** Document preparation ***
9362 * uses \par instead of \\ for line breaks in theory text. This may
9363 shift some page breaks in large documents. To get the old behaviour
9364 use \renewcommand{\isanewline}{\mbox{}\\\mbox{}} in root.tex.
9366 * minimized dependencies of isabelle.sty and isabellesym.sty on
9369 * \<euro> now needs package babel/greek instead of marvosym (which
9372 * normal size for \<zero>...\<nine> (uses \mathbf instead of
9377 New in Isabelle2002 (March 2002)
9378 --------------------------------
9380 *** Document preparation ***
9382 * greatly simplified document preparation setup, including more
9383 graceful interpretation of isatool usedir -i/-d/-D options, and more
9384 instructive isatool mkdir; users should basically be able to get
9385 started with "isatool mkdir HOL Test && isatool make"; alternatively,
9386 users may run a separate document processing stage manually like this:
9387 "isatool usedir -D output HOL Test && isatool document Test/output";
9389 * theory dependency graph may now be incorporated into documents;
9390 isatool usedir -g true will produce session_graph.eps/.pdf for use
9391 with \includegraphics of LaTeX;
9393 * proper spacing of consecutive markup elements, especially text
9394 blocks after section headings;
9396 * support bold style (for single symbols only), input syntax is like
9397 this: "\<^bold>\<alpha>" or "\<^bold>A";
9399 * \<bullet> is now output as bold \cdot by default, which looks much
9400 better in printed text;
9402 * added default LaTeX bindings for \<tturnstile> and \<TTurnstile>;
9403 note that these symbols are currently unavailable in Proof General /
9404 X-Symbol; new symbols \<zero>, \<one>, ..., \<nine>, and \<euro>;
9406 * isatool latex no longer depends on changed TEXINPUTS, instead
9407 isatool document copies the Isabelle style files to the target
9413 * Pure/Provers: improved proof by cases and induction;
9414 - 'case' command admits impromptu naming of parameters (such as
9416 - 'induct' method divinates rule instantiation from the inductive
9417 claim; no longer requires excessive ?P bindings for proper
9418 instantiation of cases;
9419 - 'induct' method properly enumerates all possibilities of set/type
9420 rules; as a consequence facts may be also passed through *type*
9421 rules without further ado;
9422 - 'induct' method now derives symbolic cases from the *rulified*
9423 rule (before it used to rulify cases stemming from the internal
9424 atomized version); this means that the context of a non-atomic
9425 statement becomes is included in the hypothesis, avoiding the
9426 slightly cumbersome show "PROP ?case" form;
9427 - 'induct' may now use elim-style induction rules without chaining
9428 facts, using ``missing'' premises from the goal state; this allows
9429 rules stemming from inductive sets to be applied in unstructured
9430 scripts, while still benefitting from proper handling of non-atomic
9431 statements; NB: major inductive premises need to be put first, all
9432 the rest of the goal is passed through the induction;
9433 - 'induct' proper support for mutual induction involving non-atomic
9434 rule statements (uses the new concept of simultaneous goals, see
9436 - append all possible rule selections, but only use the first
9437 success (no backtracking);
9438 - removed obsolete "(simplified)" and "(stripped)" options of methods;
9439 - undeclared rule case names default to numbers 1, 2, 3, ...;
9440 - added 'print_induct_rules' (covered by help item in recent Proof
9442 - moved induct/cases attributes to Pure, methods to Provers;
9443 - generic method setup instantiated for FOL and HOL;
9445 * Pure: support multiple simultaneous goal statements, for example
9446 "have a: A and b: B" (same for 'theorem' etc.); being a pure
9447 meta-level mechanism, this acts as if several individual goals had
9448 been stated separately; in particular common proof methods need to be
9449 repeated in order to cover all claims; note that a single elimination
9450 step is *not* sufficient to establish the two conjunctions, so this
9453 assume "A & B" then have A and B .. (*".." fails*)
9455 better use "obtain" in situations as above; alternative refer to
9456 multi-step methods like 'auto', 'simp_all', 'blast+' etc.;
9458 * Pure: proper integration with ``locales''; unlike the original
9459 version by Florian Kammller, Isar locales package high-level proof
9460 contexts rather than raw logical ones (e.g. we admit to include
9461 attributes everywhere); operations on locales include merge and
9462 rename; support for implicit arguments (``structures''); simultaneous
9463 type-inference over imports and text; see also HOL/ex/Locales.thy for
9466 * Pure: the following commands have been ``localized'', supporting a
9467 target locale specification "(in name)": 'lemma', 'theorem',
9468 'corollary', 'lemmas', 'theorems', 'declare'; the results will be
9469 stored both within the locale and at the theory level (exported and
9470 qualified by the locale name);
9472 * Pure: theory goals may now be specified in ``long'' form, with
9473 ad-hoc contexts consisting of arbitrary locale elements. for example
9474 ``lemma foo: fixes x assumes "A x" shows "B x"'' (local syntax and
9475 definitions may be given, too); the result is a meta-level rule with
9476 the context elements being discharged in the obvious way;
9478 * Pure: new proof command 'using' allows to augment currently used
9479 facts after a goal statement ('using' is syntactically analogous to
9480 'apply', but acts on the goal's facts only); this allows chained facts
9481 to be separated into parts given before and after a claim, as in
9482 ``from a and b have C using d and e <proof>'';
9484 * Pure: renamed "antecedent" case to "rule_context";
9486 * Pure: new 'judgment' command records explicit information about the
9487 object-logic embedding (used by several tools internally); no longer
9488 use hard-wired "Trueprop";
9490 * Pure: added 'corollary' command;
9492 * Pure: fixed 'token_translation' command;
9494 * Pure: removed obsolete 'exported' attribute;
9496 * Pure: dummy pattern "_" in is/let is now automatically lifted over
9497 bound variables: "ALL x. P x --> Q x" (is "ALL x. _ --> ?C x")
9498 supersedes more cumbersome ... (is "ALL x. _ x --> ?C x");
9500 * Pure: method 'atomize' presents local goal premises as object-level
9501 statements (atomic meta-level propositions); setup controlled via
9502 rewrite rules declarations of 'atomize' attribute; example
9503 application: 'induct' method with proper rule statements in improper
9506 * Pure: emulation of instantiation tactics (rule_tac, cut_tac, etc.)
9507 now consider the syntactic context of assumptions, giving a better
9508 chance to get type-inference of the arguments right (this is
9509 especially important for locales);
9511 * Pure: "sorry" no longer requires quick_and_dirty in interactive
9514 * Pure/obtain: the formal conclusion "thesis", being marked as
9515 ``internal'', may no longer be reference directly in the text;
9516 potential INCOMPATIBILITY, may need to use "?thesis" in rare
9519 * Pure: generic 'sym' attribute which declares a rule both as pure
9520 'elim?' and for the 'symmetric' operation;
9522 * Pure: marginal comments ``--'' may now occur just anywhere in the
9523 text; the fixed correlation with particular command syntax has been
9526 * Pure: new method 'rules' is particularly well-suited for proof
9527 search in intuitionistic logic; a bit slower than 'blast' or 'fast',
9528 but often produces more compact proof terms with less detours;
9530 * Pure/Provers/classical: simplified integration with pure rule
9531 attributes and methods; the classical "intro?/elim?/dest?"
9532 declarations coincide with the pure ones; the "rule" method no longer
9533 includes classically swapped intros; "intro" and "elim" methods no
9534 longer pick rules from the context; also got rid of ML declarations
9535 AddXIs/AddXEs/AddXDs; all of this has some potential for
9538 * Provers/classical: attribute 'swapped' produces classical inversions
9539 of introduction rules;
9541 * Provers/simplifier: 'simplified' attribute may refer to explicit
9542 rules instead of full simplifier context; 'iff' attribute handles
9545 * HOL: 'typedef' now allows alternative names for Rep/Abs morphisms;
9547 * HOL: 'recdef' now fails on unfinished automated proofs, use
9548 "(permissive)" option to recover old behavior;
9550 * HOL: 'inductive' no longer features separate (collective) attributes
9551 for 'intros' (was found too confusing);
9553 * HOL: properly declared induction rules less_induct and
9559 * HOL: moved over to sane numeral syntax; the new policy is as
9562 - 0 and 1 are polymorphic constants, which are defined on any
9563 numeric type (nat, int, real etc.);
9565 - 2, 3, 4, ... and -1, -2, -3, ... are polymorphic numerals, based
9566 binary representation internally;
9568 - type nat has special constructor Suc, and generally prefers Suc 0
9569 over 1::nat and Suc (Suc 0) over 2::nat;
9571 This change may cause significant problems of INCOMPATIBILITY; here
9572 are some hints on converting existing sources:
9574 - due to the new "num" token, "-0" and "-1" etc. are now atomic
9575 entities, so expressions involving "-" (unary or binary minus) need
9576 to be spaced properly;
9578 - existing occurrences of "1" may need to be constraint "1::nat" or
9579 even replaced by Suc 0; similar for old "2";
9581 - replace "#nnn" by "nnn", and "#-nnn" by "-nnn";
9583 - remove all special provisions on numerals in proofs;
9585 * HOL: simp rules nat_number expand numerals on nat to Suc/0
9586 representation (depends on bin_arith_simps in the default context);
9588 * HOL: symbolic syntax for x^2 (numeral 2);
9590 * HOL: the class of all HOL types is now called "type" rather than
9591 "term"; INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt references to this type class
9592 in axclass/classes, instance/arities, and (usually rare) occurrences
9593 in typings (of consts etc.); internally the class is called
9594 "HOL.type", ML programs should refer to HOLogic.typeS;
9596 * HOL/record package improvements:
9597 - new derived operations "fields" to build a partial record section,
9598 "extend" to promote a fixed record to a record scheme, and
9599 "truncate" for the reverse; cf. theorems "xxx.defs", which are *not*
9600 declared as simp by default;
9601 - shared operations ("more", "fields", etc.) now need to be always
9602 qualified) --- potential INCOMPATIBILITY;
9603 - removed "make_scheme" operations (use "make" with "extend") --
9605 - removed "more" class (simply use "term") -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
9606 - provides cases/induct rules for use with corresponding Isar
9607 methods (for concrete records, record schemes, concrete more
9608 parts, and schematic more parts -- in that order);
9609 - internal definitions directly based on a light-weight abstract
9610 theory of product types over typedef rather than datatype;
9612 * HOL: generic code generator for generating executable ML code from
9613 specifications; specific support for HOL constructs such as inductive
9614 datatypes and sets, as well as recursive functions; can be invoked
9615 via 'generate_code' theory section;
9617 * HOL: canonical cases/induct rules for n-tuples (n = 3..7);
9619 * HOL: consolidated and renamed several theories. In particular:
9620 Ord.thy has been absorbed into HOL.thy
9621 String.thy has been absorbed into List.thy
9623 * HOL: concrete setsum syntax "\<Sum>i:A. b" == "setsum (%i. b) A"
9624 (beware of argument permutation!);
9626 * HOL: linorder_less_split superseded by linorder_cases;
9628 * HOL/List: "nodups" renamed to "distinct";
9630 * HOL: added "The" definite description operator; move Hilbert's "Eps"
9631 to peripheral theory "Hilbert_Choice"; some INCOMPATIBILITIES:
9632 - Ex_def has changed, now need to use some_eq_ex
9634 * HOL: made split_all_tac safe; EXISTING PROOFS MAY FAIL OR LOOP, so
9635 in this (rare) case use:
9637 delSWrapper "split_all_tac"
9638 addSbefore ("unsafe_split_all_tac", unsafe_split_all_tac)
9640 * HOL: added safe wrapper "split_conv_tac" to claset; EXISTING PROOFS
9643 * HOL: introduced f^n = f o ... o f; warning: due to the limits of
9644 Isabelle's type classes, ^ on functions and relations has too general
9645 a domain, namely ('a * 'b) set and 'a => 'b; this means that it may be
9646 necessary to attach explicit type constraints;
9648 * HOL/Relation: the prefix name of the infix "O" has been changed from
9649 "comp" to "rel_comp"; INCOMPATIBILITY: a few theorems have been
9650 renamed accordingly (eg "compI" -> "rel_compI").
9652 * HOL: syntax translations now work properly with numerals and records
9655 * HOL: bounded abstraction now uses syntax "%" / "\<lambda>" instead
9656 of "lam" -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
9658 * HOL: got rid of some global declarations (potential INCOMPATIBILITY
9659 for ML tools): const "()" renamed "Product_Type.Unity", type "unit"
9660 renamed "Product_Type.unit";
9662 * HOL: renamed rtrancl_into_rtrancl2 to converse_rtrancl_into_rtrancl
9664 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem "optionE" (use "option.exhaust", or
9665 the "cases" method);
9667 * HOL/GroupTheory: group theory examples including Sylow's theorem (by
9670 * HOL/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory format; several
9671 parts turned into readable document, with proper Isar proof texts and
9672 some explanations (by Gerwin Klein);
9674 * HOL-Real: added Complex_Numbers (by Gertrud Bauer);
9676 * HOL-Hyperreal is now a logic image;
9681 * Isar: consts/constdefs supports mixfix syntax for continuous
9684 * Isar: domain package adapted to new-style theory format, e.g. see
9687 * theory Lift: proper use of rep_datatype lift instead of ML hacks --
9688 potential INCOMPATIBILITY; now use plain induct_tac instead of former
9689 lift.induct_tac, always use UU instead of Undef;
9691 * HOLCF/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory;
9696 * Isar: proper integration of logic-specific tools and packages,
9697 including theory commands '(co)inductive', '(co)datatype',
9698 'rep_datatype', 'inductive_cases', as well as methods 'ind_cases',
9699 'induct_tac', 'case_tac', and 'typecheck' (with attribute 'TC');
9701 * theory Main no longer includes AC; for the Axiom of Choice, base
9702 your theory on Main_ZFC;
9704 * the integer library now covers quotients and remainders, with many
9705 laws relating division to addition, multiplication, etc.;
9707 * ZF/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY is now available in ZF, giving a
9708 typeless version of the formalism;
9710 * ZF/AC, Coind, IMP, Resid: updated and converted to new-style theory
9713 * ZF/Induct: new directory for examples of inductive definitions,
9714 including theory Multiset for multiset orderings; converted to
9715 new-style theory format;
9717 * ZF: many new theorems about lists, ordinals, etc.;
9722 * Pure/kernel: meta-level proof terms (by Stefan Berghofer); reference
9723 variable proof controls level of detail: 0 = no proofs (only oracle
9724 dependencies), 1 = lemma dependencies, 2 = compact proof terms; see
9725 also ref manual for further ML interfaces;
9727 * Pure/axclass: removed obsolete ML interface
9728 goal_subclass/goal_arity;
9730 * Pure/syntax: new token syntax "num" for plain numerals (without "#"
9731 of "xnum"); potential INCOMPATIBILITY, since -0, -1 etc. are now
9732 separate tokens, so expressions involving minus need to be spaced
9735 * Pure/syntax: support non-oriented infixes, using keyword "infix"
9736 rather than "infixl" or "infixr";
9738 * Pure/syntax: concrete syntax for dummy type variables admits genuine
9739 sort constraint specifications in type inference; e.g. "x::_::foo"
9740 ensures that the type of "x" is of sort "foo" (but not necessarily a
9743 * Pure/syntax: print modes "type_brackets" and "no_type_brackets"
9744 control output of nested => (types); the default behavior is
9747 * Pure/syntax: builtin parse translation for "_constify" turns valued
9748 tokens into AST constants;
9750 * Pure/syntax: prefer later declarations of translations and print
9751 translation functions; potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to reverse
9752 multiple declarations for same syntax element constant;
9754 * Pure/show_hyps reset by default (in accordance to existing Isar
9757 * Provers/classical: renamed addaltern to addafter, addSaltern to
9760 * Provers/clasimp: ``iff'' declarations now handle conditional rules
9763 * system: tested support for MacOS X; should be able to get Isabelle +
9764 Proof General to work in a plain Terminal after installing Poly/ML
9765 (e.g. from the Isabelle distribution area) and GNU bash alone
9766 (e.g. from http://www.apple.com); full X11, XEmacs and X-Symbol
9767 support requires further installations, e.g. from
9768 http://fink.sourceforge.net/);
9770 * system: support Poly/ML 4.1.1 (able to manage larger heaps);
9772 * system: reduced base memory usage by Poly/ML (approx. 20 MB instead
9773 of 40 MB), cf. ML_OPTIONS;
9775 * system: Proof General keywords specification is now part of the
9776 Isabelle distribution (see etc/isar-keywords.el);
9778 * system: support for persistent Proof General sessions (refrain from
9779 outdating all loaded theories on startup); user may create writable
9780 logic images like this: ``isabelle -q HOL Test'';
9782 * system: smart selection of Isabelle process versus Isabelle
9783 interface, accommodates case-insensitive file systems (e.g. HFS+); may
9784 run both "isabelle" and "Isabelle" even if file names are badly
9785 damaged (executable inspects the case of the first letter of its own
9786 name); added separate "isabelle-process" and "isabelle-interface";
9788 * system: refrain from any attempt at filtering input streams; no
9789 longer support ``8bit'' encoding of old isabelle font, instead proper
9790 iso-latin characters may now be used; the related isatools
9791 "symbolinput" and "nonascii" have disappeared as well;
9793 * system: removed old "xterm" interface (the print modes "xterm" and
9794 "xterm_color" are still available for direct use in a suitable
9799 New in Isabelle99-2 (February 2001)
9800 -----------------------------------
9802 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
9804 * HOL: please note that theories in the Library and elsewhere often use the
9805 new-style (Isar) format; to refer to their theorems in an ML script you must
9806 bind them to ML identifers by e.g. val thm_name = thm "thm_name";
9808 * HOL: inductive package no longer splits induction rule aggressively,
9809 but only as far as specified by the introductions given; the old
9810 format may be recovered via ML function complete_split_rule or attribute
9811 'split_rule (complete)';
9813 * HOL: induct renamed to lfp_induct, lfp_Tarski to lfp_unfold,
9814 gfp_Tarski to gfp_unfold;
9816 * HOL: contrapos, contrapos2 renamed to contrapos_nn, contrapos_pp;
9818 * HOL: infix "dvd" now has priority 50 rather than 70 (because it is a
9819 relation); infix "^^" has been renamed "``"; infix "``" has been
9820 renamed "`"; "univalent" has been renamed "single_valued";
9822 * HOL/Real: "rinv" and "hrinv" replaced by overloaded "inverse"
9825 * HOLCF: infix "`" has been renamed "$"; the symbol syntax is \<cdot>;
9827 * Isar: 'obtain' no longer declares "that" fact as simp/intro;
9829 * Isar/HOL: method 'induct' now handles non-atomic goals; as a
9830 consequence, it is no longer monotonic wrt. the local goal context
9831 (which is now passed through the inductive cases);
9833 * Document preparation: renamed standard symbols \<ll> to \<lless> and
9834 \<gg> to \<ggreater>;
9837 *** Document preparation ***
9839 * \isabellestyle{NAME} selects version of Isabelle output (currently
9840 available: are "it" for near math-mode best-style output, "sl" for
9841 slanted text style, and "tt" for plain type-writer; if no
9842 \isabellestyle command is given, output is according to slanted
9845 * support sub/super scripts (for single symbols only), input syntax is
9846 like this: "A\<^sup>*" or "A\<^sup>\<star>";
9848 * some more standard symbols; see Appendix A of the system manual for
9849 the complete list of symbols defined in isabellesym.sty;
9851 * improved isabelle style files; more abstract symbol implementation
9852 (should now use \isamath{...} and \isatext{...} in custom symbol
9855 * antiquotation @{goals} and @{subgoals} for output of *dynamic* goals
9856 state; Note that presentation of goal states does not conform to
9857 actual human-readable proof documents. Please do not include goal
9858 states into document output unless you really know what you are doing!
9860 * proper indentation of antiquoted output with proportional LaTeX
9863 * no_document ML operator temporarily disables LaTeX document
9866 * isatool unsymbolize tunes sources for plain ASCII communication;
9871 * Pure: Isar now suffers initial goal statements to contain unbound
9872 schematic variables (this does not conform to actual readable proof
9873 documents, due to unpredictable outcome and non-compositional proof
9874 checking); users who know what they are doing may use schematic goals
9875 for Prolog-style synthesis of proven results;
9877 * Pure: assumption method (an implicit finishing) now handles actual
9880 * Pure: improved 'obtain' --- moved to Pure, insert "that" into
9881 initial goal, declare "that" only as Pure intro (only for single
9882 steps); the "that" rule assumption may now be involved in implicit
9883 finishing, thus ".." becomes a feasible for trivial obtains;
9885 * Pure: default proof step now includes 'intro_classes'; thus trivial
9886 instance proofs may be performed by "..";
9888 * Pure: ?thesis / ?this / "..." now work for pure meta-level
9891 * Pure: more robust selection of calculational rules;
9893 * Pure: the builtin notion of 'finished' goal now includes the ==-refl
9894 rule (as well as the assumption rule);
9896 * Pure: 'thm_deps' command visualizes dependencies of theorems and
9897 lemmas, using the graph browser tool;
9899 * Pure: predict failure of "show" in interactive mode;
9901 * Pure: 'thms_containing' now takes actual terms as arguments;
9903 * HOL: improved method 'induct' --- now handles non-atomic goals
9904 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY); tuned error handling;
9906 * HOL: cases and induct rules now provide explicit hints about the
9907 number of facts to be consumed (0 for "type" and 1 for "set" rules);
9908 any remaining facts are inserted into the goal verbatim;
9910 * HOL: local contexts (aka cases) may now contain term bindings as
9911 well; the 'cases' and 'induct' methods new provide a ?case binding for
9912 the result to be shown in each case;
9914 * HOL: added 'recdef_tc' command;
9916 * isatool convert assists in eliminating legacy ML scripts;
9921 * HOL/Library: a collection of generic theories to be used together
9922 with main HOL; the theory loader path already includes this directory
9923 by default; the following existing theories have been moved here:
9924 HOL/Induct/Multiset, HOL/Induct/Acc (as Accessible_Part), HOL/While
9925 (as While_Combinator), HOL/Lex/Prefix (as List_Prefix);
9927 * HOL/Unix: "Some aspects of Unix file-system security", a typical
9928 modelling and verification task performed in Isabelle/HOL +
9929 Isabelle/Isar + Isabelle document preparation (by Markus Wenzel).
9931 * HOL/Algebra: special summation operator SUM no longer exists, it has
9932 been replaced by setsum; infix 'assoc' now has priority 50 (like
9933 'dvd'); axiom 'one_not_zero' has been moved from axclass 'ring' to
9934 'domain', this makes the theory consistent with mathematical
9937 * HOL basics: added overloaded operations "inverse" and "divide"
9938 (infix "/"), syntax for generic "abs" operation, generic summation
9941 * HOL/typedef: simplified package, provide more useful rules (see also
9944 * HOL/datatype: induction rule for arbitrarily branching datatypes is
9945 now expressed as a proper nested rule (old-style tactic scripts may
9946 require atomize_strip_tac to cope with non-atomic premises);
9948 * HOL: renamed theory "Prod" to "Product_Type", renamed "split" rule
9949 to "split_conv" (old name still available for compatibility);
9951 * HOL: improved concrete syntax for strings (e.g. allows translation
9952 rules with string literals);
9954 * HOL-Real-Hyperreal: this extends HOL-Real with the hyperreals
9955 and Fleuriot's mechanization of analysis, including the transcendental
9956 functions for the reals;
9958 * HOL/Real, HOL/Hyperreal: improved arithmetic simplification;
9963 * CTT: x-symbol support for Pi, Sigma, -->, : (membership); note that
9964 "lam" is displayed as TWO lambda-symbols
9966 * CTT: theory Main now available, containing everything (that is, Bool
9972 * Pure: the Simplifier has been implemented properly as a derived rule
9973 outside of the actual kernel (at last!); the overall performance
9974 penalty in practical applications is about 50%, while reliability of
9975 the Isabelle inference kernel has been greatly improved;
9977 * print modes "brackets" and "no_brackets" control output of nested =>
9978 (types) and ==> (props); the default behaviour is "brackets";
9980 * Provers: fast_tac (and friends) now handle actual object-logic rules
9981 as assumptions as well;
9983 * system: support Poly/ML 4.0;
9985 * system: isatool install handles KDE version 1 or 2;
9989 New in Isabelle99-1 (October 2000)
9990 ----------------------------------
9992 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
9994 * HOL: simplification of natural numbers is much changed; to partly
9995 recover the old behaviour (e.g. to prevent n+n rewriting to #2*n)
9996 issue the following ML commands:
9998 Delsimprocs Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.cancel_numerals;
9999 Delsimprocs [Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.combine_numerals];
10001 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions; this is
10002 controlled by "t.weak_case_cong" for each datatype t;
10004 * HOL: nat_less_induct renamed to less_induct;
10006 * HOL: systematic renaming of the SOME (Eps) rules, may use isatool
10007 fixsome to patch .thy and .ML sources automatically;
10009 select_equality -> some_equality
10010 select_eq_Ex -> some_eq_ex
10011 selectI2EX -> someI2_ex
10014 select1_equality -> some1_equality
10015 Eps_sym_eq -> some_sym_eq_trivial
10016 Eps_eq -> some_eq_trivial
10018 * HOL: exhaust_tac on datatypes superceded by new generic case_tac;
10020 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem binding expand_if (refer to split_if
10023 * HOL: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' are now called
10024 f.simps instead of f.rules;
10026 * HOL: qed_spec_mp now also handles bounded ALL as well;
10028 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded, so the type constraint ":: nat" may
10029 sometimes be needed;
10031 * HOL: the constant for "f``x" is now "image" rather than "op ``";
10033 * HOL: the constant for "f-``x" is now "vimage" rather than "op -``";
10035 * HOL: the disjoint sum is now "<+>" instead of "Plus"; the cartesian
10036 product is now "<*>" instead of "Times"; the lexicographic product is
10037 now "<*lex*>" instead of "**";
10039 * HOL: theory Sexp is now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part
10040 of main HOL, but was unused); better use HOL's datatype package;
10042 * HOL: removed "symbols" syntax for constant "override" of theory Map;
10043 the old syntax may be recovered as follows:
10046 override :: "('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b)"
10047 (infixl "\\<oplus>" 100)
10049 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
10051 * HOL/ML: even fewer consts are declared as global (see theories Ord,
10052 Lfp, Gfp, WF); this only affects ML packages that refer to const names
10055 * HOL and ZF: syntax for quotienting wrt an equivalence relation
10056 changed from A/r to A//r;
10058 * ZF: new treatment of arithmetic (nat & int) may break some old
10061 * Isar: renamed some attributes (RS -> THEN, simplify -> simplified,
10062 rulify -> rule_format, elimify -> elim_format, ...);
10064 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
10065 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (in most cases, one
10066 should have to change intro!! to intro? only); replaced "delrule" by
10069 * Isar/HOL: renamed "intrs" to "intros" in inductive definitions;
10071 * Provers: strengthened force_tac by using new first_best_tac;
10073 * LaTeX document preparation: several changes of isabelle.sty (see
10077 *** Document preparation ***
10079 * formal comments (text blocks etc.) in new-style theories may now
10080 contain antiquotations of thm/prop/term/typ/text to be presented
10081 according to latex print mode; concrete syntax is like this:
10082 @{term[show_types] "f(x) = a + x"};
10084 * isatool mkdir provides easy setup of Isabelle session directories,
10085 including proper document sources;
10087 * generated LaTeX sources are now deleted after successful run
10088 (isatool document -c); may retain a copy somewhere else via -D option
10091 * isatool usedir -D now lets isatool latex -o sty update the Isabelle
10092 style files, achieving self-contained LaTeX sources and simplifying
10095 * old-style theories now produce (crude) LaTeX output as well;
10097 * browser info session directories are now self-contained (may be put
10098 on WWW server seperately); improved graphs of nested sessions; removed
10099 graph for 'all sessions';
10101 * several improvements in isabelle style files; \isabellestyle{it}
10102 produces fake math mode output; \isamarkupheader is now \section by
10103 default; see lib/texinputs/isabelle.sty etc.;
10108 * Isar/Pure: local results and corresponding term bindings are now
10109 subject to Hindley-Milner polymorphism (similar to ML); this
10110 accommodates incremental type-inference very nicely;
10112 * Isar/Pure: new derived language element 'obtain' supports
10113 generalized existence reasoning;
10115 * Isar/Pure: new calculational elements 'moreover' and 'ultimately'
10116 support accumulation of results, without applying any rules yet;
10117 useful to collect intermediate results without explicit name
10118 references, and for use with transitivity rules with more than 2
10121 * Isar/Pure: scalable support for case-analysis type proofs: new
10122 'case' language element refers to local contexts symbolically, as
10123 produced by certain proof methods; internally, case names are attached
10124 to theorems as "tags";
10126 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'hide' removes declarations from
10127 class/type/const name spaces;
10129 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'defs' supports option "(overloaded)" to
10130 indicate potential overloading;
10132 * Isar/Pure: changed syntax of local blocks from {{ }} to { };
10134 * Isar/Pure: syntax of sorts made 'inner', i.e. have to write
10135 "{a,b,c}" instead of {a,b,c};
10137 * Isar/Pure now provides its own version of intro/elim/dest
10138 attributes; useful for building new logics, but beware of confusion
10139 with the version in Provers/classical;
10141 * Isar/Pure: the local context of (non-atomic) goals is provided via
10142 case name 'antecedent';
10144 * Isar/Pure: removed obsolete 'transfer' attribute (transfer of thms
10145 to the current context is now done automatically);
10147 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'method_setup' provides a simple interface
10148 for definining proof methods in ML;
10150 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
10151 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (INCOMPATIBILITY, in
10152 most cases, one should have to change intro!! to intro? only);
10153 replaced "delrule" by "rule del";
10155 * Isar/Provers: new 'hypsubst' method, plain 'subst' method and
10156 'symmetric' attribute (the latter supercedes [RS sym]);
10158 * Isar/Provers: splitter support (via 'split' attribute and 'simp'
10159 method modifier); 'simp' method: 'only:' modifier removes loopers as
10160 well (including splits);
10162 * Isar/Provers: Simplifier and Classical methods now support all kind
10163 of modifiers used in the past, including 'cong', 'iff', etc.
10165 * Isar/Provers: added 'fastsimp' and 'clarsimp' methods (combination
10166 of Simplifier and Classical reasoner);
10168 * Isar/HOL: new proof method 'cases' and improved version of 'induct'
10169 now support named cases; major packages (inductive, datatype, primrec,
10170 recdef) support case names and properly name parameters;
10172 * Isar/HOL: new transitivity rules for substitution in inequalities --
10173 monotonicity conditions are extracted to be proven at end of
10176 * Isar/HOL: removed 'case_split' thm binding, should use 'cases' proof
10179 * Isar/HOL: removed old expand_if = split_if; theorems if_splits =
10180 split_if split_if_asm; datatype package provides theorems foo.splits =
10181 foo.split foo.split_asm for each datatype;
10183 * Isar/HOL: tuned inductive package, rename "intrs" to "intros"
10184 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY), emulation of mk_cases feature for proof
10185 scripts: new 'inductive_cases' command and 'ind_cases' method; (Note:
10186 use "(cases (simplified))" method in proper proof texts);
10188 * Isar/HOL: added global 'arith_split' attribute for 'arith' method;
10190 * Isar: names of theorems etc. may be natural numbers as well;
10192 * Isar: 'pr' command: optional arguments for goals_limit and
10193 ProofContext.prems_limit; no longer prints theory contexts, but only
10196 * Isar: diagnostic commands 'pr', 'thm', 'prop', 'term', 'typ' admit
10197 additional print modes to be specified; e.g. "pr(latex)" will print
10198 proof state according to the Isabelle LaTeX style;
10200 * Isar: improved support for emulating tactic scripts, including proof
10201 methods 'rule_tac' etc., 'cut_tac', 'thin_tac', 'subgoal_tac',
10202 'rename_tac', 'rotate_tac', 'tactic', and 'case_tac' / 'induct_tac'
10203 (for HOL datatypes);
10205 * Isar: simplified (more robust) goal selection of proof methods: 1st
10206 goal, all goals, or explicit goal specifier (tactic emulation); thus
10207 'proof method scripts' have to be in depth-first order;
10209 * Isar: tuned 'let' syntax: replaced 'as' keyword by 'and';
10211 * Isar: removed 'help' command, which hasn't been too helpful anyway;
10212 should instead use individual commands for printing items
10213 (print_commands, print_methods etc.);
10215 * Isar: added 'nothing' --- the empty list of theorems;
10220 * HOL/MicroJava: formalization of a fragment of Java, together with a
10221 corresponding virtual machine and a specification of its bytecode
10222 verifier and a lightweight bytecode verifier, including proofs of
10223 type-safety; by Gerwin Klein, Tobias Nipkow, David von Oheimb, and
10224 Cornelia Pusch (see also the homepage of project Bali at
10225 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Bali/);
10227 * HOL/Algebra: new theory of rings and univariate polynomials, by
10230 * HOL/NumberTheory: fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Chinese
10231 Remainder Theorem, Fermat/Euler Theorem, Wilson's Theorem, by Thomas M
10234 * HOL/Lattice: fundamental concepts of lattice theory and order
10235 structures, including duals, properties of bounds versus algebraic
10236 laws, lattice operations versus set-theoretic ones, the Knaster-Tarski
10237 Theorem for complete lattices etc.; may also serve as a demonstration
10238 for abstract algebraic reasoning using axiomatic type classes, and
10239 mathematics-style proof in Isabelle/Isar; by Markus Wenzel;
10241 * HOL/Prolog: a (bare-bones) implementation of Lambda-Prolog, by David
10244 * HOL/IMPP: extension of IMP with local variables and mutually
10245 recursive procedures, by David von Oheimb;
10247 * HOL/Lambda: converted into new-style theory and document;
10249 * HOL/ex/Multiquote: example of multiple nested quotations and
10250 anti-quotations -- basically a generalized version of de-Bruijn
10251 representation; very useful in avoiding lifting of operations;
10253 * HOL/record: added general record equality rule to simpset; fixed
10254 select-update simplification procedure to handle extended records as
10255 well; admit "r" as field name;
10257 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded over the new sort "zero", allowing its use with
10258 other numeric types and also as the identity of groups, rings, etc.;
10260 * HOL: new axclass plus_ac0 for addition with the AC-laws and 0 as identity.
10261 Types nat and int belong to this axclass;
10263 * HOL: greatly improved simplification involving numerals of type nat, int, real:
10264 (i + #8 + j) = Suc k simplifies to #7 + (i + j) = k
10265 i*j + k + j*#3*i simplifies to #4*(i*j) + k
10266 two terms #m*u and #n*u are replaced by #(m+n)*u
10267 (where #m, #n and u can implicitly be 1; this is simproc combine_numerals)
10268 and the term/formula #m*u+x ~~ #n*u+y simplifies simplifies to #(m-n)+x ~~ y
10269 or x ~~ #(n-m)+y, where ~~ is one of = < <= or - (simproc cancel_numerals);
10271 * HOL: meson_tac is available (previously in ex/meson.ML); it is a
10272 powerful prover for predicate logic but knows nothing of clasets; see
10273 ex/mesontest.ML and ex/mesontest2.ML for example applications;
10275 * HOL: new version of "case_tac" subsumes both boolean case split and
10276 "exhaust_tac" on datatypes; INCOMPATIBILITY: exhaust_tac no longer
10277 exists, may define val exhaust_tac = case_tac for ad-hoc portability;
10279 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions: only the
10280 selector expression is simplified, but not the remaining arms; to
10281 enable full simplification of case-expressions for datatype t, you may
10282 remove t.weak_case_cong from the simpset, either globally (Delcongs
10283 [thm"t.weak_case_cong"];) or locally (delcongs [...]).
10285 * HOL/recdef: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' for
10286 function 'f' are now called f.simps instead of f.rules; if all
10287 termination conditions are proved automatically, these simplification
10288 rules are added to the simpset, as in primrec; rules may be named
10289 individually as well, resulting in a separate list of theorems for
10292 * HOL/While is a new theory that provides a while-combinator. It
10293 permits the definition of tail-recursive functions without the
10294 provision of a termination measure. The latter is necessary once the
10295 invariant proof rule for while is applied.
10297 * HOL: new (overloaded) notation for the set of elements below/above
10298 some element: {..u}, {..u(}, {l..}, {)l..}. See theory SetInterval.
10300 * HOL: theorems impI, allI, ballI bound as "strip";
10302 * HOL: new tactic induct_thm_tac: thm -> string -> int -> tactic
10303 induct_tac th "x1 ... xn" expects th to have a conclusion of the form
10304 P v1 ... vn and abbreviates res_inst_tac [("v1","x1"),...,("vn","xn")] th;
10306 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
10308 * HOL: theory Sexp now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part of
10309 main HOL, but was unused);
10311 * HOL: fewer consts declared as global (e.g. have to refer to
10312 "Lfp.lfp" instead of "lfp" internally; affects ML packages only);
10314 * HOL: tuned AST representation of nested pairs, avoiding bogus output
10315 in case of overlap with user translations (e.g. judgements over
10316 tuples); (note that the underlying logical represenation is still
10322 * ZF: simplification automatically cancels common terms in arithmetic
10323 expressions over nat and int;
10325 * ZF: new treatment of nat to minimize type-checking: all operators
10326 coerce their operands to a natural number using the function natify,
10327 making the algebraic laws unconditional;
10329 * ZF: as above, for int: operators coerce their operands to an integer
10330 using the function intify;
10332 * ZF: the integer library now contains many of the usual laws for the
10333 orderings, including $<=, and monotonicity laws for $+ and $*;
10335 * ZF: new example ZF/ex/NatSum to demonstrate integer arithmetic
10338 * FOL and ZF: AddIffs now available, giving theorems of the form P<->Q
10339 to the simplifier and classical reasoner simultaneously;
10344 * Provers: blast_tac now handles actual object-logic rules as
10345 assumptions; note that auto_tac uses blast_tac internally as well;
10347 * Provers: new functions rulify/rulify_no_asm: thm -> thm for turning
10348 outer -->/All/Ball into ==>/!!; qed_spec_mp now uses rulify_no_asm;
10350 * Provers: delrules now handles destruct rules as well (no longer need
10351 explicit make_elim);
10353 * Provers: Blast_tac now warns of and ignores "weak elimination rules" e.g.
10354 [| inj ?f; ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
10355 use instead the strong form,
10356 [| inj ?f; ~ ?W ==> ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
10357 in HOL, FOL and ZF the function cla_make_elim will create such rules
10358 from destruct-rules;
10360 * Provers: Simplifier.easy_setup provides a fast path to basic
10361 Simplifier setup for new object-logics;
10363 * Pure: AST translation rules no longer require constant head on LHS;
10365 * Pure: improved name spaces: ambiguous output is qualified; support
10366 for hiding of names;
10368 * system: smart setup of canonical ML_HOME, ISABELLE_INTERFACE, and
10369 XSYMBOL_HOME; no longer need to do manual configuration in most
10372 * system: compression of ML heaps images may now be controlled via -c
10373 option of isabelle and isatool usedir (currently only observed by
10376 * system: isatool installfonts may handle X-Symbol fonts as well (very
10377 useful for remote X11);
10379 * system: provide TAGS file for Isabelle sources;
10381 * ML: infix 'OF' is a version of 'MRS' with more appropriate argument
10384 * ML: renamed flags Syntax.trace_norm_ast to Syntax.trace_ast; global
10385 timing flag supersedes proof_timing and Toplevel.trace;
10387 * ML: new combinators |>> and |>>> for incremental transformations
10388 with secondary results (e.g. certain theory extensions):
10390 * ML: PureThy.add_defs gets additional argument to indicate potential
10391 overloading (usually false);
10393 * ML: PureThy.add_thms/add_axioms/add_defs now return theorems as
10398 New in Isabelle99 (October 1999)
10399 --------------------------------
10401 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
10403 * HOL: The THEN and ELSE parts of conditional expressions (if P then x else y)
10404 are no longer simplified. (This allows the simplifier to unfold recursive
10405 functional programs.) To restore the old behaviour, declare
10407 Delcongs [if_weak_cong];
10409 * HOL: Removed the obsolete syntax "Compl A"; use -A for set
10412 * HOL: the predicate "inj" is now defined by translation to "inj_on";
10414 * HOL/datatype: mutual_induct_tac no longer exists --
10415 use induct_tac "x_1 ... x_n" instead of mutual_induct_tac ["x_1", ..., "x_n"]
10417 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
10418 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
10420 * ZF: The con_defs part of an inductive definition may no longer refer
10421 to constants declared in the same theory;
10423 * HOL, ZF: the function mk_cases, generated by the inductive
10424 definition package, has lost an argument. To simplify its result, it
10425 uses the default simpset instead of a supplied list of theorems.
10427 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
10429 * Simplifier: the type of the infix ML functions
10430 setSSolver addSSolver setSolver addSolver
10431 is now simpset * solver -> simpset where `solver' is a new abstract type
10432 for packaging solvers. A solver is created via
10433 mk_solver: string -> (thm list -> int -> tactic) -> solver
10434 where the string argument is only a comment.
10437 *** Proof tools ***
10439 * Provers/Arith/fast_lin_arith.ML contains a functor for creating a
10440 decision procedure for linear arithmetic. Currently it is used for
10441 types `nat', `int', and `real' in HOL (see below); it can, should and
10442 will be instantiated for other types and logics as well.
10444 * The simplifier now accepts rewrite rules with flexible heads, eg
10445 hom ?f ==> ?f(?x+?y) = ?f ?x + ?f ?y
10446 They are applied like any rule with a non-pattern lhs, i.e. by first-order
10452 * New Isabelle/Isar subsystem provides an alternative to traditional
10453 tactical theorem proving; together with the ProofGeneral/isar user
10454 interface it offers an interactive environment for developing human
10455 readable proof documents (Isar == Intelligible semi-automated
10456 reasoning); for further information see isatool doc isar-ref,
10457 src/HOL/Isar_examples and http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Isar/
10459 * improved and simplified presentation of theories: better HTML markup
10460 (including colors), graph views in several sizes; isatool usedir now
10461 provides a proper interface for user theories (via -P option); actual
10462 document preparation based on (PDF)LaTeX is available as well (for
10463 new-style theories only); see isatool doc system for more information;
10465 * native support for Proof General, both for classic Isabelle and
10468 * ML function thm_deps visualizes dependencies of theorems and lemmas,
10469 using the graph browser tool;
10471 * Isabelle manuals now also available as PDF;
10473 * theory loader rewritten from scratch (may not be fully
10474 bug-compatible); old loadpath variable has been replaced by show_path,
10475 add_path, del_path, reset_path functions; new operations such as
10476 update_thy, touch_thy, remove_thy, use/update_thy_only (see also
10479 * improved isatool install: option -k creates KDE application icon,
10480 option -p DIR installs standalone binaries;
10482 * added ML_PLATFORM setting (useful for cross-platform installations);
10483 more robust handling of platform specific ML images for SML/NJ;
10485 * the settings environment is now statically scoped, i.e. it is never
10486 created again in sub-processes invoked from isabelle, isatool, or
10489 * path element specification '~~' refers to '$ISABELLE_HOME';
10491 * in locales, the "assumes" and "defines" parts may be omitted if
10494 * new print_mode "xsymbols" for extended symbol support (e.g. genuine
10497 * new print_mode "HTML";
10499 * new flag show_tags controls display of tags of theorems (which are
10500 basically just comments that may be attached by some tools);
10502 * Isamode 2.6 requires patch to accomodate change of Isabelle font
10503 mode and goal output format:
10505 diff -r Isamode-2.6/elisp/isa-load.el Isamode/elisp/isa-load.el
10507 < (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-msymbols" logic-name)
10509 > (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-misabelle_font" "-msymbols" logic-name)
10510 diff -r Isabelle-2.6/elisp/isa-proofstate.el Isamode/elisp/isa-proofstate.el
10512 < (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+$"
10514 > (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+"
10516 * function bind_thms stores lists of theorems (cf. bind_thm);
10518 * new shorthand tactics ftac, eatac, datac, fatac;
10520 * qed (and friends) now accept "" as result name; in that case the
10521 theorem is not stored, but proper checks and presentation of the
10522 result still apply;
10524 * theorem database now also indexes constants "Trueprop", "all",
10525 "==>", "=="; thus thms_containing, findI etc. may retrieve more rules;
10530 ** HOL arithmetic **
10532 * There are now decision procedures for linear arithmetic over nat and
10535 1. arith_tac copes with arbitrary formulae involving `=', `<', `<=',
10536 `+', `-', `Suc', `min', `max' and numerical constants; other subterms
10537 are treated as atomic; subformulae not involving type `nat' or `int'
10538 are ignored; quantified subformulae are ignored unless they are
10539 positive universal or negative existential. The tactic has to be
10540 invoked by hand and can be a little bit slow. In particular, the
10541 running time is exponential in the number of occurrences of `min' and
10542 `max', and `-' on `nat'.
10544 2. fast_arith_tac is a cut-down version of arith_tac: it only takes
10545 (negated) (in)equalities among the premises and the conclusion into
10546 account (i.e. no compound formulae) and does not know about `min' and
10547 `max', and `-' on `nat'. It is fast and is used automatically by the
10550 NB: At the moment, these decision procedures do not cope with mixed
10551 nat/int formulae where the two parts interact, such as `m < n ==>
10554 * HOL/Numeral provides a generic theory of numerals (encoded
10555 efficiently as bit strings); setup for types nat/int/real is in place;
10556 INCOMPATIBILITY: since numeral syntax is now polymorphic, rather than
10557 int, existing theories and proof scripts may require a few additional
10560 * integer division and remainder can now be performed on constant
10563 * many properties of integer multiplication, division and remainder
10566 * An interface to the Stanford Validity Checker (SVC) is available through the
10567 tactic svc_tac. Propositional tautologies and theorems of linear arithmetic
10568 are proved automatically. SVC must be installed separately, and its results
10569 must be TAKEN ON TRUST (Isabelle does not check the proofs, but tags any
10570 invocation of the underlying oracle). For SVC see
10571 http://verify.stanford.edu/SVC
10573 * IsaMakefile: the HOL-Real target now builds an actual image;
10578 * HOL/Real/HahnBanach: the Hahn-Banach theorem for real vector spaces
10579 (in Isabelle/Isar) -- by Gertrud Bauer;
10581 * HOL/BCV: generic model of bytecode verification, i.e. data-flow
10582 analysis for assembly languages with subtypes;
10584 * HOL/TLA (Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions): major reorganization
10585 -- avoids syntactic ambiguities and treats state, transition, and
10586 temporal levels more uniformly; introduces INCOMPATIBILITIES due to
10587 changed syntax and (many) tactics;
10589 * HOL/inductive: Now also handles more general introduction rules such
10590 as "ALL y. (y, x) : r --> y : acc r ==> x : acc r"; monotonicity
10591 theorems are now maintained within the theory (maintained via the
10594 * HOL/datatype: Now also handles arbitrarily branching datatypes
10595 (using function types) such as
10597 datatype 'a tree = Atom 'a | Branch "nat => 'a tree"
10599 * HOL/record: record_simproc (part of the default simpset) takes care
10600 of selectors applied to updated records; record_split_tac is no longer
10601 part of the default claset; update_defs may now be removed from the
10602 simpset in many cases; COMPATIBILITY: old behavior achieved by
10604 claset_ref () := claset() addSWrapper record_split_wrapper;
10605 Delsimprocs [record_simproc]
10607 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
10608 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
10610 * HOL/recdef (TFL): 'congs' syntax now expects comma separated list of theorem
10611 names rather than an ML expression;
10613 * HOL/defer_recdef (TFL): like recdef but the well-founded relation can be
10614 supplied later. Program schemes can be defined, such as
10615 "While B C s = (if B s then While B C (C s) else s)"
10616 where the well-founded relation can be chosen after B and C have been given.
10618 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
10619 INCOMPATIBILITY: while [] and infix # syntax is still there, of
10620 course, ML tools referring to List.list.op # etc. have to be adapted;
10622 * HOL_quantifiers flag superseded by "HOL" print mode, which is
10623 disabled by default; run isabelle with option -m HOL to get back to
10624 the original Gordon/HOL-style output;
10626 * HOL/Ord.thy: new bounded quantifier syntax (input only): ALL x<y. P,
10627 ALL x<=y. P, EX x<y. P, EX x<=y. P;
10629 * HOL basic syntax simplified (more orthogonal): all variants of
10630 All/Ex now support plain / symbolic / HOL notation; plain syntax for
10631 Eps operator is provided as well: "SOME x. P[x]";
10633 * HOL/Sum.thy: sum_case has been moved to HOL/Datatype;
10635 * HOL/Univ.thy: infix syntax <*>, <+>, <**>, <+> eliminated and made
10636 thus available for user theories;
10638 * HOLCF/IOA/Sequents: renamed 'Cons' to 'Consq' to avoid clash with
10639 HOL/List; hardly an INCOMPATIBILITY since '>>' syntax is used all the
10642 * HOL: new tactic smp_tac: int -> int -> tactic, which applies spec
10643 several times and then mp;
10648 * the notation <<...>> is now available as a notation for sequences of
10651 * the simplifier is now installed
10653 * the axiom system has been generalized (thanks to Soren Heilmann)
10655 * the classical reasoner now has a default rule database
10660 * new primrec section allows primitive recursive functions to be given
10661 directly (as in HOL) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
10663 * new tactics induct_tac and exhaust_tac for induction (or case
10664 analysis) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
10666 * the datatype declaration of type T now defines the recursor T_rec;
10668 * simplification automatically does freeness reasoning for datatype
10671 * automatic type-inference, with AddTCs command to insert new
10672 type-checking rules;
10674 * datatype introduction rules are now added as Safe Introduction rules
10677 * the syntax "if P then x else y" is now available in addition to
10681 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
10683 * tuned simplifier trace output; new flag debug_simp;
10685 * structures Vartab / Termtab (instances of TableFun) offer efficient
10686 tables indexed by indexname_ord / term_ord (compatible with aconv);
10688 * AxClass.axclass_tac lost the theory argument;
10690 * tuned current_goals_markers semantics: begin / end goal avoids
10691 printing empty lines;
10693 * removed prs and prs_fn hook, which was broken because it did not
10694 include \n in its semantics, forcing writeln to add one
10695 uncoditionally; replaced prs_fn by writeln_fn; consider std_output:
10696 string -> unit if you really want to output text without newline;
10698 * Symbol.output subject to print mode; INCOMPATIBILITY: defaults to
10699 plain output, interface builders may have to enable 'isabelle_font'
10700 mode to get Isabelle font glyphs as before;
10702 * refined token_translation interface; INCOMPATIBILITY: output length
10703 now of type real instead of int;
10705 * theory loader actions may be traced via new ThyInfo.add_hook
10706 interface (see src/Pure/Thy/thy_info.ML); example application: keep
10707 your own database of information attached to *whole* theories -- as
10708 opposed to intra-theory data slots offered via TheoryDataFun;
10710 * proper handling of dangling sort hypotheses (at last!);
10711 Thm.strip_shyps and Drule.strip_shyps_warning take care of removing
10712 extra sort hypotheses that can be witnessed from the type signature;
10713 the force_strip_shyps flag is gone, any remaining shyps are simply
10714 left in the theorem (with a warning issued by strip_shyps_warning);
10718 New in Isabelle98-1 (October 1998)
10719 ----------------------------------
10721 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
10723 * several changes of automated proof tools;
10725 * HOL: major changes to the inductive and datatype packages, including
10726 some minor incompatibilities of theory syntax;
10728 * HOL: renamed r^-1 to 'converse' from 'inverse'; 'inj_onto' is now
10731 * HOL: removed duplicate thms in Arith:
10732 less_imp_add_less should be replaced by trans_less_add1
10733 le_imp_add_le should be replaced by trans_le_add1
10735 * HOL: unary minus is now overloaded (new type constraints may be
10738 * HOL and ZF: unary minus for integers is now #- instead of #~. In
10739 ZF, expressions such as n#-1 must be changed to n#- 1, since #-1 is
10740 now taken as an integer constant.
10742 * Pure: ML function 'theory_of' renamed to 'theory';
10745 *** Proof tools ***
10748 1. Asm_full_simp_tac is now more aggressive.
10749 1. It will sometimes reorient premises if that increases their power to
10751 2. It does no longer proceed strictly from left to right but may also
10752 rotate premises to achieve further simplification.
10753 For compatibility reasons there is now Asm_lr_simp_tac which is like the
10754 old Asm_full_simp_tac in that it does not rotate premises.
10755 2. The simplifier now knows a little bit about nat-arithmetic.
10757 * Classical reasoner: wrapper mechanism for the classical reasoner now
10758 allows for selected deletion of wrappers, by introduction of names for
10759 wrapper functionals. This implies that addbefore, addSbefore,
10760 addaltern, and addSaltern now take a pair (name, tactic) as argument,
10761 and that adding two tactics with the same name overwrites the first
10762 one (emitting a warning).
10763 type wrapper = (int -> tactic) -> (int -> tactic)
10764 setWrapper, setSWrapper, compWrapper and compSWrapper are replaced by
10765 addWrapper, addSWrapper: claset * (string * wrapper) -> claset
10766 delWrapper, delSWrapper: claset * string -> claset
10767 getWrapper is renamed to appWrappers, getSWrapper to appSWrappers;
10769 * Classical reasoner: addbefore/addSbefore now have APPEND/ORELSE
10770 semantics; addbefore now affects only the unsafe part of step_tac
10771 etc.; this affects addss/auto_tac/force_tac, so EXISTING PROOFS MAY
10772 FAIL, but proofs should be fixable easily, e.g. by replacing Auto_tac
10775 * Classical reasoner: setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to
10776 compWrapper; added safe wrapper (and access functions for it);
10778 * HOL/split_all_tac is now much faster and fails if there is nothing
10779 to split. Some EXISTING PROOFS MAY REQUIRE ADAPTION because the order
10780 and the names of the automatically generated variables have changed.
10781 split_all_tac has moved within claset() from unsafe wrappers to safe
10782 wrappers, which means that !!-bound variables are split much more
10783 aggressively, and safe_tac and clarify_tac now split such variables.
10784 If this splitting is not appropriate, use delSWrapper "split_all_tac".
10785 Note: the same holds for record_split_tac, which does the job of
10786 split_all_tac for record fields.
10788 * HOL/Simplifier: Rewrite rules for case distinctions can now be added
10789 permanently to the default simpset using Addsplits just like
10790 Addsimps. They can be removed via Delsplits just like
10791 Delsimps. Lower-case versions are also available.
10793 * HOL/Simplifier: The rule split_if is now part of the default
10794 simpset. This means that the simplifier will eliminate all occurrences
10795 of if-then-else in the conclusion of a goal. To prevent this, you can
10796 either remove split_if completely from the default simpset by
10797 `Delsplits [split_if]' or remove it in a specific call of the
10798 simplifier using `... delsplits [split_if]'. You can also add/delete
10799 other case splitting rules to/from the default simpset: every datatype
10800 generates suitable rules `split_t_case' and `split_t_case_asm' (where
10801 t is the name of the datatype).
10803 * Classical reasoner / Simplifier combination: new force_tac (and
10804 derivatives Force_tac, force) combines rewriting and classical
10805 reasoning (and whatever other tools) similarly to auto_tac, but is
10806 aimed to solve the given subgoal completely.
10811 * new top-level commands `Goal' and `Goalw' that improve upon `goal'
10812 and `goalw': the theory is no longer needed as an explicit argument -
10813 the current theory context is used; assumptions are no longer returned
10814 at the ML-level unless one of them starts with ==> or !!; it is
10815 recommended to convert to these new commands using isatool fixgoal
10816 (backup your sources first!);
10818 * new top-level commands 'thm' and 'thms' for retrieving theorems from
10819 the current theory context, and 'theory' to lookup stored theories;
10821 * new theory section 'locale' for declaring constants, assumptions and
10822 definitions that have local scope;
10824 * new theory section 'nonterminals' for purely syntactic types;
10826 * new theory section 'setup' for generic ML setup functions
10827 (e.g. package initialization);
10829 * the distribution now includes Isabelle icons: see
10830 lib/logo/isabelle-{small,tiny}.xpm;
10832 * isatool install - install binaries with absolute references to
10835 * isatool logo -- create instances of the Isabelle logo (as EPS);
10837 * print mode 'emacs' reserved for Isamode;
10839 * support multiple print (ast) translations per constant name;
10841 * theorems involving oracles are now printed with a suffixed [!];
10846 * there is now a tutorial on Isabelle/HOL (do 'isatool doc tutorial');
10848 * HOL/inductive package reorganized and improved: now supports mutual
10849 definitions such as
10854 oddI "n : EVEN ==> Suc n : ODD"
10855 evenI "n : ODD ==> Suc n : EVEN"
10857 new theorem list "elims" contains an elimination rule for each of the
10858 recursive sets; inductive definitions now handle disjunctive premises
10859 correctly (also ZF);
10861 INCOMPATIBILITIES: requires Inductive as an ancestor; component
10862 "mutual_induct" no longer exists - the induction rule is always
10863 contained in "induct";
10866 * HOL/datatype package re-implemented and greatly improved: now
10867 supports mutually recursive datatypes such as
10870 'a aexp = IF_THEN_ELSE ('a bexp) ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
10871 | SUM ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
10872 | DIFF ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
10875 'a bexp = LESS ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
10876 | AND ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
10877 | OR ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
10879 as well as indirectly recursive datatypes such as
10882 ('a, 'b) term = Var 'a
10883 | App 'b ((('a, 'b) term) list)
10885 The new tactic mutual_induct_tac [<var_1>, ..., <var_n>] i performs
10886 induction on mutually / indirectly recursive datatypes.
10888 Primrec equations are now stored in theory and can be accessed via
10889 <function_name>.simps.
10893 - Theories using datatypes must now have theory Datatype as an
10895 - The specific <typename>.induct_tac no longer exists - use the
10896 generic induct_tac instead.
10897 - natE has been renamed to nat.exhaust - use exhaust_tac
10898 instead of res_inst_tac ... natE. Note that the variable
10899 names in nat.exhaust differ from the names in natE, this
10900 may cause some "fragile" proofs to fail.
10901 - The theorems split_<typename>_case and split_<typename>_case_asm
10902 have been renamed to <typename>.split and <typename>.split_asm.
10903 - Since default sorts of type variables are now handled correctly,
10904 some datatype definitions may have to be annotated with explicit
10906 - Primrec definitions no longer require function name and type
10907 of recursive argument.
10909 Consider using isatool fixdatatype to adapt your theories and proof
10910 scripts to the new package (backup your sources first!).
10913 * HOL/record package: considerably improved implementation; now
10914 includes concrete syntax for record types, terms, updates; theorems
10915 for surjective pairing and splitting !!-bound record variables; proof
10916 support is as follows:
10918 1) standard conversions (selectors or updates applied to record
10919 constructor terms) are part of the standard simpset;
10921 2) inject equations of the form ((x, y) = (x', y')) == x=x' & y=y' are
10922 made part of standard simpset and claset via addIffs;
10924 3) a tactic for record field splitting (record_split_tac) is part of
10925 the standard claset (addSWrapper);
10927 To get a better idea about these rules you may retrieve them via
10928 something like 'thms "foo.simps"' or 'thms "foo.iffs"', where "foo" is
10929 the name of your record type.
10931 The split tactic 3) conceptually simplifies by the following rule:
10933 "(!!x. PROP ?P x) == (!!a b. PROP ?P (a, b))"
10935 Thus any record variable that is bound by meta-all will automatically
10936 blow up into some record constructor term, consequently the
10937 simplifications of 1), 2) apply. Thus force_tac, auto_tac etc. shall
10938 solve record problems automatically.
10941 * reorganized the main HOL image: HOL/Integ and String loaded by
10942 default; theory Main includes everything;
10944 * automatic simplification of integer sums and comparisons, using cancellation;
10946 * added option_map_eq_Some and not_Some_eq to the default simpset and claset;
10948 * added disj_not1 = "(~P | Q) = (P --> Q)" to the default simpset;
10950 * many new identities for unions, intersections, set difference, etc.;
10952 * expand_if, expand_split, expand_sum_case and expand_nat_case are now
10953 called split_if, split_split, split_sum_case and split_nat_case (to go
10954 with add/delsplits);
10956 * HOL/Prod introduces simplification procedure unit_eq_proc rewriting
10957 (?x::unit) = (); this is made part of the default simpset, which COULD
10958 MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL under rare circumstances (consider
10959 'Delsimprocs [unit_eq_proc];' as last resort); also note that
10960 unit_abs_eta_conv is added in order to counter the effect of
10961 unit_eq_proc on (%u::unit. f u), replacing it by f rather than by
10964 * HOL/Fun INCOMPATIBILITY: `inj_onto' is now called `inj_on' (which
10967 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
10968 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
10969 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
10971 * HOL/Relation INCOMPATIBILITY: renamed the relational operator r^-1
10972 to 'converse' from 'inverse' (for compatibility with ZF and some
10975 * HOL/recdef can now declare non-recursive functions, with {} supplied as
10976 the well-founded relation;
10978 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: the complement of set A is now written -A instead of
10979 Compl A. The "Compl" syntax remains available as input syntax for this
10982 * HOL/Update: new theory of function updates:
10983 f(a:=b) == %x. if x=a then b else f x
10984 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
10986 * HOL/Vimage: new theory for inverse image of a function, syntax f-``B;
10989 - new function list_update written xs[i:=v] that updates the i-th
10990 list position. May also be iterated as in xs[i:=a,j:=b,...].
10991 - new function `upt' written [i..j(] which generates the list
10992 [i,i+1,...,j-1], i.e. the upper bound is excluded. To include the upper
10993 bound write [i..j], which is a shorthand for [i..j+1(].
10994 - new lexicographic orderings and corresponding wellfoundedness theorems.
10997 - removed 'pred' (predecessor) function;
10998 - generalized some theorems about n-1;
10999 - many new laws about "div" and "mod";
11000 - new laws about greatest common divisors (see theory ex/Primes);
11002 * HOL/Relation: renamed the relational operator r^-1 "converse"
11003 instead of "inverse";
11005 * HOL/Induct/Multiset: a theory of multisets, including the wellfoundedness
11006 of the multiset ordering;
11008 * directory HOL/Real: a construction of the reals using Dedekind cuts
11009 (not included by default);
11011 * directory HOL/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY formalism;
11013 * directory HOL/Hoare: a new version of Hoare logic which permits many-sorted
11014 programs, i.e. different program variables may have different types.
11016 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
11017 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
11018 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
11023 * theory Main includes everything; INCOMPATIBILITY: theory ZF.thy contains
11024 only the theorems proved on ZF.ML;
11026 * ZF INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
11027 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
11028 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
11030 * ZF/Update: new theory of function updates
11031 with default rewrite rule f(x:=y) ` z = if(z=x, y, f`z)
11032 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
11034 * in let x=t in u(x), neither t nor u(x) has to be an FOL term.
11036 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
11037 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
11038 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
11040 * case_tac provided for compatibility with HOL
11041 (like the old excluded_middle_tac, but with subgoals swapped)
11044 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
11046 * Pure: several new basic modules made available for general use, see
11047 also src/Pure/README;
11049 * improved the theory data mechanism to support encapsulation (data
11050 kind name replaced by private Object.kind, acting as authorization
11051 key); new type-safe user interface via functor TheoryDataFun; generic
11052 print_data function becomes basically useless;
11054 * removed global_names compatibility flag -- all theory declarations
11055 are qualified by default;
11057 * module Pure/Syntax now offers quote / antiquote translation
11058 functions (useful for Hoare logic etc. with implicit dependencies);
11059 see HOL/ex/Antiquote for an example use;
11061 * Simplifier now offers conversions (asm_)(full_)rewrite: simpset ->
11064 * new tactical CHANGED_GOAL for checking that a tactic modifies a
11067 * Display.print_goals function moved to Locale.print_goals;
11069 * standard print function for goals supports current_goals_markers
11070 variable for marking begin of proof, end of proof, start of goal; the
11071 default is ("", "", ""); setting current_goals_markers := ("<proof>",
11072 "</proof>", "<goal>") causes SGML like tagged proof state printing,
11077 New in Isabelle98 (January 1998)
11078 --------------------------------
11080 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
11082 * changed lexical syntax of terms / types: dots made part of long
11083 identifiers, e.g. "%x.x" no longer possible, should be "%x. x";
11085 * simpset (and claset) reference variable replaced by functions
11086 simpset / simpset_ref;
11088 * no longer supports theory aliases (via merge) and non-trivial
11089 implicit merge of thms' signatures;
11091 * most internal names of constants changed due to qualified names;
11093 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML);
11096 *** General Changes ***
11098 * hierachically structured name spaces (for consts, types, axms, thms
11099 etc.); new lexical class 'longid' (e.g. Foo.bar.x) may render much of
11100 old input syntactically incorrect (e.g. "%x.x"); COMPATIBILITY:
11101 isatool fixdots ensures space after dots (e.g. "%x. x"); set
11102 long_names for fully qualified output names; NOTE: ML programs
11103 (special tactics, packages etc.) referring to internal names may have
11104 to be adapted to cope with fully qualified names; in case of severe
11105 backward campatibility problems try setting 'global_names' at compile
11106 time to have enrything declared within a flat name space; one may also
11107 fine tune name declarations in theories via the 'global' and 'local'
11110 * reimplemented the implicit simpset and claset using the new anytype
11111 data filed in signatures; references simpset:simpset ref etc. are
11112 replaced by functions simpset:unit->simpset and
11113 simpset_ref:unit->simpset ref; COMPATIBILITY: use isatool fixclasimp
11114 to patch your ML files accordingly;
11116 * HTML output now includes theory graph data for display with Java
11117 applet or isatool browser; data generated automatically via isatool
11118 usedir (see -i option, ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS);
11120 * defs may now be conditional; improved rewrite_goals_tac to handle
11121 conditional equations;
11123 * defs now admits additional type arguments, using TYPE('a) syntax;
11125 * theory aliases via merge (e.g. M=A+B+C) no longer supported, always
11126 creates a new theory node; implicit merge of thms' signatures is
11127 restricted to 'trivial' ones; COMPATIBILITY: one may have to use
11128 transfer:theory->thm->thm in (rare) cases;
11130 * improved handling of draft signatures / theories; draft thms (and
11131 ctyps, cterms) are automatically promoted to real ones;
11133 * slightly changed interfaces for oracles: admit many per theory, named
11134 (e.g. oracle foo = mlfun), additional name argument for invoke_oracle;
11136 * print_goals: optional output of const types (set show_consts and
11139 * improved output of warnings (###) and errors (***);
11141 * subgoal_tac displays a warning if the new subgoal has type variables;
11143 * removed old README and Makefiles;
11145 * replaced print_goals_ref hook by print_current_goals_fn and result_error_fn;
11147 * removed obsolete init_pps and init_database;
11149 * deleted the obsolete tactical STATE, which was declared by
11150 fun STATE tacfun st = tacfun st st;
11152 * cd and use now support path variables, e.g. $ISABELLE_HOME, or ~
11153 (which abbreviates $HOME);
11155 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML); COMPATIBILITY:
11156 use isatool fixseq to adapt your ML programs (this works for fully
11157 qualified references to the Sequence structure only!);
11159 * use_thy no longer requires writable current directory; it always
11160 reloads .ML *and* .thy file, if either one is out of date;
11163 *** Classical Reasoner ***
11165 * Clarify_tac, clarify_tac, clarify_step_tac, Clarify_step_tac: new
11166 tactics that use classical reasoning to simplify a subgoal without
11167 splitting it into several subgoals;
11169 * Safe_tac: like safe_tac but uses the default claset;
11174 * added simplification meta rules:
11175 (asm_)(full_)simplify: simpset -> thm -> thm;
11177 * simplifier.ML no longer part of Pure -- has to be loaded by object
11180 * added prems argument to simplification procedures;
11182 * HOL, FOL, ZF: added infix function `addsplits':
11183 instead of `<simpset> setloop (split_tac <thms>)'
11184 you can simply write `<simpset> addsplits <thms>'
11189 * TYPE('a) syntax for type reflection terms;
11191 * no longer handles consts with name "" -- declare as 'syntax' instead;
11193 * pretty printer: changed order of mixfix annotation preference (again!);
11195 * Pure: fixed idt/idts vs. pttrn/pttrns syntactic categories;
11200 * HOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
11201 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
11203 * HOL/TLA: Stephan Merz's formalization of Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions;
11205 * HOL/Auth: new protocol proofs including some for the Internet
11208 * HOL/Map: new theory of `maps' a la VDM;
11210 * HOL/simplifier: simplification procedures nat_cancel_sums for
11211 cancelling out common nat summands from =, <, <= (in)equalities, or
11212 differences; simplification procedures nat_cancel_factor for
11213 cancelling common factor from =, <, <= (in)equalities over natural
11214 sums; nat_cancel contains both kinds of procedures, it is installed by
11215 default in Arith.thy -- this COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL;
11217 * HOL/simplifier: terms of the form
11218 `? x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x)' (or t=x)
11220 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t)',
11221 and those of the form
11222 `! x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x) --> R(x)' (or t=x)
11224 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t) --> R(t)',
11227 Each datatype `t' now comes with a theorem `split_t_case' of the form
11229 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
11230 ( (!y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 --> P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) &
11232 (!y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn --> P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
11235 and a theorem `split_t_case_asm' of the form
11237 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
11238 ~( (? y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 & ~P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) |
11240 (? y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn & ~P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
11242 which can be added to a simpset via `addsplits'. The existing theorems
11243 expand_list_case and expand_option_case have been renamed to
11244 split_list_case and split_option_case.
11247 - `pred n' is automatically converted to `n-1'.
11248 Users are strongly encouraged not to use `pred' any longer,
11249 because it will disappear altogether at some point.
11250 - Users are strongly encouraged to write "0 < n" rather than
11251 "n ~= 0". Theorems and proof tools have been modified towards this
11255 the function "set_of_list" has been renamed "set" (and its theorems too);
11256 the function "nth" now takes its arguments in the reverse order and
11257 has acquired the infix notation "!" as in "xs!n".
11259 * HOL/Set: UNIV is now a constant and is no longer translated to Compl{};
11261 * HOL/Set: The operator (UN x.B x) now abbreviates (UN x:UNIV. B x) and its
11262 specialist theorems (like UN1_I) are gone. Similarly for (INT x.B x);
11264 * HOL/record: extensible records with schematic structural subtyping
11265 (single inheritance); EXPERIMENTAL version demonstrating the encoding,
11266 still lacks various theorems and concrete record syntax;
11271 * removed "axioms" and "generated by" sections;
11273 * replaced "ops" section by extended "consts" section, which is capable of
11274 handling the continuous function space "->" directly;
11277 . proves theorems immediately and stores them in the theory,
11278 . creates hierachical name space,
11279 . now uses normal mixfix annotations (instead of cinfix...),
11280 . minor changes to some names and values (for consistency),
11281 . e.g. cases -> casedist, dists_eq -> dist_eqs, [take_lemma] -> take_lemmas,
11282 . separator between mutual domain defs: changed "," to "and",
11283 . improved handling of sort constraints; now they have to
11284 appear on the left-hand side of the equations only;
11286 * fixed LAM <x,y,zs>.b syntax;
11288 * added extended adm_tac to simplifier in HOLCF -- can now discharge
11289 adm (%x. P (t x)), where P is chainfinite and t continuous;
11294 * FOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
11295 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
11297 * qed_spec_mp, qed_goal_spec_mp, qed_goalw_spec_mp are available, as
11298 in HOL, they strip ALL and --> from proved theorems;
11302 New in Isabelle94-8 (May 1997)
11303 ------------------------------
11305 *** General Changes ***
11307 * new utilities to build / run / maintain Isabelle etc. (in parts
11308 still somewhat experimental); old Makefiles etc. still functional;
11310 * new 'Isabelle System Manual';
11312 * INSTALL text, together with ./configure and ./build scripts;
11314 * reimplemented type inference for greater efficiency, better error
11315 messages and clean internal interface;
11317 * prlim command for dealing with lots of subgoals (an easier way of
11318 setting goals_limit);
11323 * supports alternative (named) syntax tables (parser and pretty
11324 printer); internal interface is provided by add_modesyntax(_i);
11326 * Pure, FOL, ZF, HOL, HOLCF now support symbolic input and output; to
11327 be used in conjunction with the Isabelle symbol font; uses the
11328 "symbols" syntax table;
11330 * added token_translation interface (may translate name tokens in
11331 arbitrary ways, dependent on their type (free, bound, tfree, ...) and
11332 the current print_mode); IMPORTANT: user print translation functions
11333 are responsible for marking newly introduced bounds
11334 (Syntax.mark_boundT);
11336 * token translations for modes "xterm" and "xterm_color" that display
11337 names in bold, underline etc. or colors (which requires a color
11340 * infixes may now be declared with names independent of their syntax;
11342 * added typed_print_translation (like print_translation, but may
11343 access type of constant);
11346 *** Classical Reasoner ***
11348 Blast_tac: a new tactic! It is often more powerful than fast_tac, but has
11349 some limitations. Blast_tac...
11350 + ignores addss, addbefore, addafter; this restriction is intrinsic
11351 + ignores elimination rules that don't have the correct format
11352 (the conclusion MUST be a formula variable)
11353 + ignores types, which can make HOL proofs fail
11354 + rules must not require higher-order unification, e.g. apply_type in ZF
11355 [message "Function Var's argument not a bound variable" relates to this]
11356 + its proof strategy is more general but can actually be slower
11358 * substitution with equality assumptions no longer permutes other
11361 * minor changes in semantics of addafter (now called addaltern); renamed
11362 setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to compWrapper; added safe wrapper
11363 (and access functions for it);
11365 * improved combination of classical reasoner and simplifier:
11366 + functions for handling clasimpsets
11367 + improvement of addss: now the simplifier is called _after_ the
11369 + safe variant of addss called addSss: uses safe simplifications
11370 _during_ the safe steps. It is more complete as it allows multiple
11371 instantiations of unknowns (e.g. with slow_tac).
11375 * added interface for simplification procedures (functions that
11376 produce *proven* rewrite rules on the fly, depending on current
11379 * ordering on terms as parameter (used for ordered rewriting);
11381 * new functions delcongs, deleqcongs, and Delcongs. richer rep_ss;
11383 * the solver is now split into a safe and an unsafe part.
11384 This should be invisible for the normal user, except that the
11385 functions setsolver and addsolver have been renamed to setSolver and
11386 addSolver; added safe_asm_full_simp_tac;
11391 * a generic induction tactic `induct_tac' which works for all datatypes and
11392 also for type `nat';
11394 * a generic case distinction tactic `exhaust_tac' which works for all
11395 datatypes and also for type `nat';
11397 * each datatype comes with a function `size';
11399 * patterns in case expressions allow tuple patterns as arguments to
11400 constructors, for example `case x of [] => ... | (x,y,z)#ps => ...';
11402 * primrec now also works with type nat;
11404 * recdef: a new declaration form, allows general recursive functions to be
11405 defined in theory files. See HOL/ex/Fib, HOL/ex/Primes, HOL/Subst/Unify.
11407 * the constant for negation has been renamed from "not" to "Not" to
11408 harmonize with FOL, ZF, LK, etc.;
11410 * HOL/ex/LFilter theory of a corecursive "filter" functional for
11413 * HOL/Modelcheck demonstrates invocation of model checker oracle;
11415 * HOL/ex/Ring.thy declares cring_simp, which solves equational
11416 problems in commutative rings, using axiomatic type classes for + and *;
11418 * more examples in HOL/MiniML and HOL/Auth;
11420 * more default rewrite rules for quantifiers, union/intersection;
11422 * a new constant `arbitrary == @x.False';
11424 * HOLCF/IOA replaces old HOL/IOA;
11426 * HOLCF changes: derived all rules and arities
11427 + axiomatic type classes instead of classes
11428 + typedef instead of faking type definitions
11429 + eliminated the internal constants less_fun, less_cfun, UU_fun, UU_cfun etc.
11430 + new axclasses cpo, chfin, flat with flat < chfin < pcpo < cpo < po
11431 + eliminated the types void, one, tr
11432 + use unit lift and bool lift (with translations) instead of one and tr
11433 + eliminated blift from Lift3.thy (use Def instead of blift)
11434 all eliminated rules are derived as theorems --> no visible changes ;
11439 * ZF now has Fast_tac, Simp_tac and Auto_tac. Union_iff is a now a default
11440 rewrite rule; this may affect some proofs. eq_cs is gone but can be put back
11441 as ZF_cs addSIs [equalityI];
11445 New in Isabelle94-7 (November 96)
11446 ---------------------------------
11448 * allowing negative levels (as offsets) in prlev and choplev;
11450 * super-linear speedup for large simplifications;
11452 * FOL, ZF and HOL now use miniscoping: rewriting pushes
11453 quantifications in as far as possible (COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS
11454 FAIL); can suppress it using the command Delsimps (ex_simps @
11455 all_simps); De Morgan laws are also now included, by default;
11457 * improved printing of ==> : ~:
11459 * new object-logic "Sequents" adds linear logic, while replacing LK
11460 and Modal (thanks to Sara Kalvala);
11462 * HOL/Auth: correctness proofs for authentication protocols;
11464 * HOL: new auto_tac combines rewriting and classical reasoning (many
11465 examples on HOL/Auth);
11467 * HOL: new command AddIffs for declaring theorems of the form P=Q to
11468 the rewriter and classical reasoner simultaneously;
11470 * function uresult no longer returns theorems in "standard" format;
11471 regain previous version by: val uresult = standard o uresult;
11475 New in Isabelle94-6
11476 -------------------
11478 * oracles -- these establish an interface between Isabelle and trusted
11479 external reasoners, which may deliver results as theorems;
11481 * proof objects (in particular record all uses of oracles);
11483 * Simp_tac, Fast_tac, etc. that refer to implicit simpset / claset;
11485 * "constdefs" section in theory files;
11487 * "primrec" section (HOL) no longer requires names;
11489 * internal type "tactic" now simply "thm -> thm Sequence.seq";
11493 New in Isabelle94-5
11494 -------------------
11496 * reduced space requirements;
11498 * automatic HTML generation from theories;
11500 * theory files no longer require "..." (quotes) around most types;
11502 * new examples, including two proofs of the Church-Rosser theorem;
11504 * non-curried (1994) version of HOL is no longer distributed;
11508 New in Isabelle94-4
11509 -------------------
11511 * greatly reduced space requirements;
11513 * theory files (.thy) no longer require \...\ escapes at line breaks;
11515 * searchable theorem database (see the section "Retrieving theorems" on
11516 page 8 of the Reference Manual);
11518 * new examples, including Grabczewski's monumental case study of the
11521 * The previous version of HOL renamed to Old_HOL;
11523 * The new version of HOL (previously called CHOL) uses a curried syntax
11524 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b);
11526 * Mutually recursive inductive definitions finally work in HOL;
11528 * In ZF, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions and
11529 translates to the operator "split";
11533 New in Isabelle94-3
11534 -------------------
11536 * new infix operator, addss, allowing the classical reasoner to
11537 perform simplification at each step of its search. Example:
11538 fast_tac (cs addss ss)
11540 * a new logic, CHOL, the same as HOL, but with a curried syntax
11541 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b). Also pairs
11542 look like (a,b) instead of <a,b>;
11544 * PLEASE NOTE: CHOL will eventually replace HOL!
11546 * In CHOL, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions.
11547 It translates to the operator "split". A new theory of integers is available;
11549 * In ZF, integer numerals now denote two's-complement binary integers.
11550 Arithmetic operations can be performed by rewriting. See ZF/ex/Bin.ML;
11552 * Many new examples: I/O automata, Church-Rosser theorem, equivalents
11553 of the Axiom of Choice;
11557 New in Isabelle94-2
11558 -------------------
11560 * Significantly faster resolution;
11562 * the different sections in a .thy file can now be mixed and repeated
11565 * Database of theorems for FOL, HOL and ZF. New
11566 commands including qed, qed_goal and bind_thm store theorems in the database.
11568 * Simple database queries: return a named theorem (get_thm) or all theorems of
11569 a given theory (thms_of), or find out what theory a theorem was proved in
11572 * Bugs fixed in the inductive definition and datatype packages;
11574 * The classical reasoner provides deepen_tac and depth_tac, making FOL_dup_cs
11575 and HOL_dup_cs obsolete;
11577 * Syntactic ambiguities caused by the new treatment of syntax in Isabelle94-1
11580 * Simpler definition of function space in ZF;
11582 * new results about cardinal and ordinal arithmetic in ZF;
11584 * 'subtype' facility in HOL for introducing new types as subsets of existing
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