merged, abandoning change of src/HOL/Tools/ATP/atp_problem_generate.ML from 6ea205a4d7fd;
1 Isabelle NEWS -- history user-relevant changes
2 ==============================================
4 New in this Isabelle version
5 ----------------------------
8 New in Isabelle2012 (May 2012)
9 ------------------------------
13 * Prover IDE (PIDE) improvements:
15 - more robust Sledgehammer integration (as before the sledgehammer
16 command-line needs to be typed into the source buffer)
17 - markup for bound variables
18 - markup for types of term variables (displayed as tooltips)
19 - support for user-defined Isar commands within the running session
20 - improved support for Unicode outside original 16bit range
21 e.g. glyph for \<A> (thanks to jEdit 4.5.1)
23 * Forward declaration of outer syntax keywords within the theory
24 header -- minor INCOMPATIBILITY for user-defined commands. Allow new
25 commands to be used in the same theory where defined.
27 * Auxiliary contexts indicate block structure for specifications with
28 additional parameters and assumptions. Such unnamed contexts may be
29 nested within other targets, like 'theory', 'locale', 'class',
30 'instantiation' etc. Results from the local context are generalized
31 accordingly and applied to the enclosing target context. Example:
35 assumes xy: "x = y" and yz: "y = z"
38 lemma my_trans: "x = z" using xy yz by simp
44 The most basic application is to factor-out context elements of
45 several fixes/assumes/shows theorem statements, e.g. see
46 ~~/src/HOL/Isar_Examples/Group_Context.thy
48 Any other local theory specification element works within the "context
49 ... begin ... end" block as well.
51 * Bundled declarations associate attributed fact expressions with a
52 given name in the context. These may be later included in other
53 contexts. This allows to manage context extensions casually, without
54 the logical dependencies of locales and locale interpretation. See
55 commands 'bundle', 'include', 'including' etc. in the isar-ref manual.
57 * Commands 'lemmas' and 'theorems' allow local variables using 'for'
58 declaration, and results are standardized before being stored. Thus
59 old-style "standard" after instantiation or composition of facts
60 becomes obsolete. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, due to potential change of
61 indices of schematic variables.
63 * Rule attributes in local theory declarations (e.g. locale or class)
64 are now statically evaluated: the resulting theorem is stored instead
65 of the original expression. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
66 the historic accident of dynamic re-evaluation in interpretations
69 * New tutorial "Programming and Proving in Isabelle/HOL"
70 ("prog-prove"). It completely supersedes "A Tutorial Introduction to
71 Structured Isar Proofs" ("isar-overview"), which has been removed. It
72 also supersedes "Isabelle/HOL, A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order
73 Logic" as the recommended beginners tutorial, but does not cover all
74 of the material of that old tutorial.
76 * Updated and extended reference manuals: "isar-ref",
77 "implementation", "system"; reduced remaining material in old "ref"
83 * Command 'definition' no longer exports the foundational "raw_def"
84 into the user context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, may use the regular
85 "def" result with attribute "abs_def" to imitate the old version.
87 * Attribute "abs_def" turns an equation of the form "f x y == t" into
88 "f == %x y. t", which ensures that "simp" or "unfold" steps always
89 expand it. This also works for object-logic equality. (Formerly
90 undocumented feature.)
92 * Sort constraints are now propagated in simultaneous statements, just
93 like type constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
94 distinct sorts used to be assigned accidentally. For example:
96 lemma "P (x::'a::foo)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)" -- "now illegal"
98 lemma "P (x::'a)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)"
99 -- "now uniform 'a::bar instead of default sort for first occurrence (!)"
101 * Rule composition via attribute "OF" (or ML functions OF/MRS) is more
102 tolerant against multiple unifiers, as long as the final result is
103 unique. (As before, rules are composed in canonical right-to-left
104 order to accommodate newly introduced premises.)
106 * Renamed some inner syntax categories:
112 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that in practice "num_const" or
113 "num_position" etc. are mainly used instead (which also include
114 position information via constraints).
116 * Simplified configuration options for syntax ambiguity: see
117 "syntax_ambiguity_warning" and "syntax_ambiguity_limit" in isar-ref
118 manual. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
120 * Discontinued configuration option "syntax_positions": atomic terms
121 in parse trees are always annotated by position constraints.
123 * Old code generator for SML and its commands 'code_module',
124 'code_library', 'consts_code', 'types_code' have been discontinued.
125 Use commands of the generic code generator instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
127 * Redundant attribute "code_inline" has been discontinued. Use
128 "code_unfold" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
130 * Dropped attribute "code_unfold_post" in favor of the its dual
131 "code_abbrev", which yields a common pattern in definitions like
133 definition [code_abbrev]: "f = t"
137 * Obsolete 'types' command has been discontinued. Use 'type_synonym'
138 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
140 * Discontinued old "prems" fact, which used to refer to the accidental
141 collection of foundational premises in the context (already marked as
142 legacy since Isabelle2011).
147 * Type 'a set is now a proper type constructor (just as before
148 Isabelle2008). Definitions mem_def and Collect_def have disappeared.
149 Non-trivial INCOMPATIBILITY. For developments keeping predicates and
150 sets separate, it is often sufficient to rephrase some set S that has
151 been accidentally used as predicates by "%x. x : S", and some
152 predicate P that has been accidentally used as set by "{x. P x}".
153 Corresponding proofs in a first step should be pruned from any
154 tinkering with former theorems mem_def and Collect_def as far as
157 For developments which deliberately mix predicates and sets, a
158 planning step is necessary to determine what should become a predicate
159 and what a set. It can be helpful to carry out that step in
160 Isabelle2011-1 before jumping right into the current release.
162 * Code generation by default implements sets as container type rather
163 than predicates. INCOMPATIBILITY.
165 * New type synonym 'a rel = ('a * 'a) set
167 * The representation of numerals has changed. Datatype "num"
168 represents strictly positive binary numerals, along with functions
169 "numeral :: num => 'a" and "neg_numeral :: num => 'a" to represent
170 positive and negated numeric literals, respectively. See also
171 definitions in ~~/src/HOL/Num.thy. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, some
172 user theories may require adaptations as follows:
174 - Theorems with number_ring or number_semiring constraints: These
175 classes are gone; use comm_ring_1 or comm_semiring_1 instead.
177 - Theories defining numeric types: Remove number, number_semiring,
178 and number_ring instances. Defer all theorems about numerals until
179 after classes one and semigroup_add have been instantiated.
181 - Numeral-only simp rules: Replace each rule having a "number_of v"
182 pattern with two copies, one for numeral and one for neg_numeral.
184 - Theorems about subclasses of semiring_1 or ring_1: These classes
185 automatically support numerals now, so more simp rules and
186 simprocs may now apply within the proof.
188 - Definitions and theorems using old constructors Pls/Min/Bit0/Bit1:
189 Redefine using other integer operations.
191 * Transfer: New package intended to generalize the existing
192 "descending" method and related theorem attributes from the Quotient
193 package. (Not all functionality is implemented yet, but future
194 development will focus on Transfer as an eventual replacement for the
195 corresponding parts of the Quotient package.)
197 - transfer_rule attribute: Maintains a collection of transfer rules,
198 which relate constants at two different types. Transfer rules may
199 relate different type instances of the same polymorphic constant,
200 or they may relate an operation on a raw type to a corresponding
201 operation on an abstract type (quotient or subtype). For example:
203 ((A ===> B) ===> list_all2 A ===> list_all2 B) map map
204 (cr_int ===> cr_int ===> cr_int) (%(x,y) (u,v). (x+u, y+v)) plus_int
206 - transfer method: Replaces a subgoal on abstract types with an
207 equivalent subgoal on the corresponding raw types. Constants are
208 replaced with corresponding ones according to the transfer rules.
209 Goals are generalized over all free variables by default; this is
210 necessary for variables whose types change, but can be overridden
211 for specific variables with e.g. "transfer fixing: x y z". The
212 variant transfer' method allows replacing a subgoal with one that
213 is logically stronger (rather than equivalent).
215 - relator_eq attribute: Collects identity laws for relators of
216 various type constructors, e.g. "list_all2 (op =) = (op =)". The
217 transfer method uses these lemmas to infer transfer rules for
218 non-polymorphic constants on the fly.
220 - transfer_prover method: Assists with proving a transfer rule for a
221 new constant, provided the constant is defined in terms of other
222 constants that already have transfer rules. It should be applied
223 after unfolding the constant definitions.
225 - HOL/ex/Transfer_Int_Nat.thy: Example theory demonstrating transfer
226 from type nat to type int.
228 * Lifting: New package intended to generalize the quotient_definition
229 facility of the Quotient package; designed to work with Transfer.
231 - lift_definition command: Defines operations on an abstract type in
232 terms of a corresponding operation on a representation
233 type. Example syntax:
235 lift_definition dlist_insert :: "'a => 'a dlist => 'a dlist"
238 Users must discharge a respectfulness proof obligation when each
239 constant is defined. (For a type copy, i.e. a typedef with UNIV,
240 the proof is discharged automatically.) The obligation is
241 presented in a user-friendly, readable form; a respectfulness
242 theorem in the standard format and a transfer rule are generated
245 - Integration with code_abstype: For typedefs (e.g. subtypes
246 corresponding to a datatype invariant, such as dlist),
247 lift_definition generates a code certificate theorem and sets up
248 code generation for each constant.
250 - setup_lifting command: Sets up the Lifting package to work with a
251 user-defined type. The user must provide either a quotient theorem
252 or a type_definition theorem. The package configures transfer
253 rules for equality and quantifiers on the type, and sets up the
254 lift_definition command to work with the type.
256 - Usage examples: See Quotient_Examples/Lift_DList.thy,
257 Quotient_Examples/Lift_RBT.thy, Quotient_Examples/Lift_FSet.thy,
258 Word/Word.thy and Library/Float.thy.
262 - The 'quotient_type' command now supports a 'morphisms' option with
263 rep and abs functions, similar to typedef.
265 - 'quotient_type' sets up new types to work with the Lifting and
266 Transfer packages, as with 'setup_lifting'.
268 - The 'quotient_definition' command now requires the user to prove a
269 respectfulness property at the point where the constant is
270 defined, similar to lift_definition; INCOMPATIBILITY.
272 - Renamed predicate 'Quotient' to 'Quotient3', and renamed theorems
273 accordingly, INCOMPATIBILITY.
275 * New diagnostic command 'find_unused_assms' to find potentially
276 superfluous assumptions in theorems using Quickcheck.
280 - Quickcheck returns variable assignments as counterexamples, which
281 allows to reveal the underspecification of functions under test.
282 For example, refuting "hd xs = x", it presents the variable
283 assignment xs = [] and x = a1 as a counterexample, assuming that
284 any property is false whenever "hd []" occurs in it.
286 These counterexample are marked as potentially spurious, as
287 Quickcheck also returns "xs = []" as a counterexample to the
288 obvious theorem "hd xs = hd xs".
290 After finding a potentially spurious counterexample, Quickcheck
291 continues searching for genuine ones.
293 By default, Quickcheck shows potentially spurious and genuine
294 counterexamples. The option "genuine_only" sets quickcheck to only
295 show genuine counterexamples.
297 - The command 'quickcheck_generator' creates random and exhaustive
298 value generators for a given type and operations.
300 It generates values by using the operations as if they were
301 constructors of that type.
303 - Support for multisets.
305 - Added "use_subtype" options.
307 - Added "quickcheck_locale" configuration to specify how to process
308 conjectures in a locale context.
310 * Nitpick: Fixed infinite loop caused by the 'peephole_optim' option
311 and affecting 'rat' and 'real'.
314 - Integrated more tightly with SPASS, as described in the ITP 2012
315 paper "More SPASS with Isabelle".
316 - Made it try "smt" as a fallback if "metis" fails or times out.
317 - Added support for the following provers: Alt-Ergo (via Why3 and
318 TFF1), iProver, iProver-Eq.
319 - Replaced remote E-SInE with remote Satallax in the default setup.
320 - Sped up the minimizer.
321 - Added "lam_trans", "uncurry_aliases", and "minimize" options.
322 - Renamed "slicing" ("no_slicing") option to "slice" ("dont_slice").
323 - Renamed "sound" option to "strict".
325 * Metis: Added possibility to specify lambda translations scheme as a
326 parenthesized argument (e.g., "by (metis (lifting) ...)").
328 * SMT: Renamed "smt_fixed" option to "smt_read_only_certificates".
330 * Command 'try0': Renamed from 'try_methods'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
332 * New "case_product" attribute to generate a case rule doing multiple
333 case distinctions at the same time. E.g.
335 list.exhaust [case_product nat.exhaust]
337 produces a rule which can be used to perform case distinction on both
340 * New "eventually_elim" method as a generalized variant of the
341 eventually_elim* rules. Supports structured proofs.
343 * Typedef with implicit set definition is considered legacy. Use
344 "typedef (open)" form instead, which will eventually become the
347 * Record: code generation can be switched off manually with
349 declare [[record_coden = false]] -- "default true"
351 * Datatype: type parameters allow explicit sort constraints.
353 * Concrete syntax for case expressions includes constraints for source
354 positions, and thus produces Prover IDE markup for its bindings.
355 INCOMPATIBILITY for old-style syntax translations that augment the
356 pattern notation; e.g. see src/HOL/HOLCF/One.thy for translations of
359 * Clarified attribute "mono_set": pure declaration without modifying
360 the result of the fact expression.
362 * More default pred/set conversions on a couple of relation operations
363 and predicates. Added powers of predicate relations. Consolidation
364 of some relation theorems:
366 converse_def ~> converse_unfold
367 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
368 symp_def ~> (modified, use symp_def and sym_def instead)
369 transp_def ~> transp_trans
370 Domain_def ~> Domain_unfold
371 Range_def ~> Domain_converse [symmetric]
373 Generalized theorems INF_INT_eq, INF_INT_eq2, SUP_UN_eq, SUP_UN_eq2.
375 See theory "Relation" for examples for making use of pred/set
376 conversions by means of attributes "to_set" and "to_pred".
380 * Renamed facts about the power operation on relations, i.e., relpow
381 to match the constant's name:
383 rel_pow_1 ~> relpow_1
384 rel_pow_0_I ~> relpow_0_I
385 rel_pow_Suc_I ~> relpow_Suc_I
386 rel_pow_Suc_I2 ~> relpow_Suc_I2
387 rel_pow_0_E ~> relpow_0_E
388 rel_pow_Suc_E ~> relpow_Suc_E
389 rel_pow_E ~> relpow_E
390 rel_pow_Suc_D2 ~> relpow_Suc_D2
391 rel_pow_Suc_E2 ~> relpow_Suc_E2
392 rel_pow_Suc_D2' ~> relpow_Suc_D2'
393 rel_pow_E2 ~> relpow_E2
394 rel_pow_add ~> relpow_add
395 rel_pow_commute ~> relpow
396 rel_pow_empty ~> relpow_empty:
397 rtrancl_imp_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_UN_relpow
398 rel_pow_imp_rtrancl ~> relpow_imp_rtrancl
399 rtrancl_is_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_is_UN_relpow
400 rtrancl_imp_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_relpow
401 rel_pow_fun_conv ~> relpow_fun_conv
402 rel_pow_finite_bounded1 ~> relpow_finite_bounded1
403 rel_pow_finite_bounded ~> relpow_finite_bounded
404 rtrancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_finite_eq_relpow
405 trancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> trancl_finite_eq_relpow
406 single_valued_rel_pow ~> single_valued_relpow
410 * Theory Relation: Consolidated constant name for relation composition
411 and corresponding theorem names:
413 - Renamed constant rel_comp to relcomp.
415 - Dropped abbreviation pred_comp. Use relcompp instead.
419 rel_compI ~> relcompI
420 rel_compEpair ~> relcompEpair
421 rel_compE ~> relcompE
422 pred_comp_rel_comp_eq ~> relcompp_relcomp_eq
423 rel_comp_empty1 ~> relcomp_empty1
424 rel_comp_mono ~> relcomp_mono
425 rel_comp_subset_Sigma ~> relcomp_subset_Sigma
426 rel_comp_distrib ~> relcomp_distrib
427 rel_comp_distrib2 ~> relcomp_distrib2
428 rel_comp_UNION_distrib ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib
429 rel_comp_UNION_distrib2 ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib2
430 single_valued_rel_comp ~> single_valued_relcomp
431 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
432 converse_rel_comp ~> converse_relcomp
433 pred_compI ~> relcomppI
434 pred_compE ~> relcomppE
435 pred_comp_bot1 ~> relcompp_bot1
436 pred_comp_bot2 ~> relcompp_bot2
437 transp_pred_comp_less_eq ~> transp_relcompp_less_eq
438 pred_comp_mono ~> relcompp_mono
439 pred_comp_distrib ~> relcompp_distrib
440 pred_comp_distrib2 ~> relcompp_distrib2
441 converse_pred_comp ~> converse_relcompp
443 finite_rel_comp ~> finite_relcomp
445 set_rel_comp ~> set_relcomp
449 * Theory Divides: Discontinued redundant theorems about div and mod.
450 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
452 DIVISION_BY_ZERO ~> div_by_0, mod_by_0
453 zdiv_self ~> div_self
454 zmod_self ~> mod_self
457 zdiv_zmod_equality ~> div_mod_equality2
458 zdiv_zmod_equality2 ~> div_mod_equality
459 zmod_zdiv_trivial ~> mod_div_trivial
460 zdiv_zminus_zminus ~> div_minus_minus
461 zmod_zminus_zminus ~> mod_minus_minus
462 zdiv_zminus2 ~> div_minus_right
463 zmod_zminus2 ~> mod_minus_right
464 zdiv_minus1_right ~> div_minus1_right
465 zmod_minus1_right ~> mod_minus1_right
466 zdvd_mult_div_cancel ~> dvd_mult_div_cancel
467 zmod_zmult1_eq ~> mod_mult_right_eq
468 zpower_zmod ~> power_mod
470 zdvd_zmod_imp_zdvd ~> dvd_mod_imp_dvd
471 mod_mult_distrib ~> mult_mod_left
472 mod_mult_distrib2 ~> mult_mod_right
474 * Removed redundant theorems nat_mult_2 and nat_mult_2_right; use
475 generic mult_2 and mult_2_right instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
477 * Finite_Set.fold now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
479 * Consolidated theorem names concerning fold combinators:
481 inf_INFI_fold_inf ~> inf_INF_fold_inf
482 sup_SUPR_fold_sup ~> sup_SUP_fold_sup
483 INFI_fold_inf ~> INF_fold_inf
484 SUPR_fold_sup ~> SUP_fold_sup
485 union_set ~> union_set_fold
486 minus_set ~> minus_set_fold
487 INFI_set_fold ~> INF_set_fold
488 SUPR_set_fold ~> SUP_set_fold
489 INF_code ~> INF_set_foldr
490 SUP_code ~> SUP_set_foldr
491 foldr.simps ~> foldr.simps (in point-free formulation)
492 foldr_fold_rev ~> foldr_conv_fold
493 foldl_fold ~> foldl_conv_fold
494 foldr_foldr ~> foldr_conv_foldl
495 foldl_foldr ~> foldl_conv_foldr
496 fold_set_remdups ~> fold_set_fold_remdups
497 fold_set ~> fold_set_fold
498 fold1_set ~> fold1_set_fold
502 * Dropped rarely useful theorems concerning fold combinators:
503 foldl_apply, foldl_fun_comm, foldl_rev, fold_weak_invariant,
504 rev_foldl_cons, fold_set_remdups, fold_set, fold_set1,
505 concat_conv_foldl, foldl_weak_invariant, foldl_invariant,
506 foldr_invariant, foldl_absorb0, foldl_foldr1_lemma, foldl_foldr1,
507 listsum_conv_fold, listsum_foldl, sort_foldl_insort, foldl_assoc,
508 foldr_conv_foldl, start_le_sum, elem_le_sum, sum_eq_0_conv.
509 INCOMPATIBILITY. For the common phrases "%xs. List.foldr plus xs 0"
510 and "List.foldl plus 0", prefer "List.listsum". Otherwise it can be
511 useful to boil down "List.foldr" and "List.foldl" to "List.fold" by
512 unfolding "foldr_conv_fold" and "foldl_conv_fold".
514 * Dropped lemmas minus_set_foldr, union_set_foldr, union_coset_foldr,
515 inter_coset_foldr, Inf_fin_set_foldr, Sup_fin_set_foldr,
516 Min_fin_set_foldr, Max_fin_set_foldr, Inf_set_foldr, Sup_set_foldr,
517 INF_set_foldr, SUP_set_foldr. INCOMPATIBILITY. Prefer corresponding
518 lemmas over fold rather than foldr, or make use of lemmas
519 fold_conv_foldr and fold_rev.
521 * Congruence rules Option.map_cong and Option.bind_cong for recursion
522 through option types.
524 * "Transitive_Closure.ntrancl": bounded transitive closure on
527 * Constant "Set.not_member" now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
529 * Theory Int: Discontinued many legacy theorems specific to type int.
530 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
532 zminus_zminus ~> minus_minus
533 zminus_0 ~> minus_zero
534 zminus_zadd_distrib ~> minus_add_distrib
535 zadd_commute ~> add_commute
536 zadd_assoc ~> add_assoc
537 zadd_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
541 zadd_0_right ~> add_0_right
542 zadd_zminus_inverse2 ~> left_minus
543 zmult_zminus ~> mult_minus_left
544 zmult_commute ~> mult_commute
545 zmult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
546 zadd_zmult_distrib ~> left_distrib
547 zadd_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_distrib
548 zdiff_zmult_distrib ~> left_diff_distrib
549 zdiff_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_diff_distrib
550 zmult_1 ~> mult_1_left
551 zmult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
552 zle_refl ~> order_refl
553 zle_trans ~> order_trans
554 zle_antisym ~> order_antisym
555 zle_linear ~> linorder_linear
556 zless_linear ~> linorder_less_linear
557 zadd_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
558 zadd_strict_right_mono ~> add_strict_right_mono
559 zadd_zless_mono ~> add_less_le_mono
560 int_0_less_1 ~> zero_less_one
561 int_0_neq_1 ~> zero_neq_one
563 zpower_zadd_distrib ~> power_add
564 zero_less_zpower_abs_iff ~> zero_less_power_abs_iff
565 zero_le_zpower_abs ~> zero_le_power_abs
567 * Theory Deriv: Renamed
569 DERIV_nonneg_imp_nonincreasing ~> DERIV_nonneg_imp_nondecreasing
571 * Theory Library/Multiset: Improved code generation of multisets.
573 * Theory HOL/Library/Set_Algebras: Addition and multiplication on sets
574 are expressed via type classes again. The special syntax
575 \<oplus>/\<otimes> has been replaced by plain +/*. Removed constant
576 setsum_set, which is now subsumed by Big_Operators.setsum.
579 * Theory HOL/Library/Diagonalize has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY,
580 use theory HOL/Library/Nat_Bijection instead.
582 * Theory HOL/Library/RBT_Impl: Backing implementation of red-black
583 trees is now inside a type class context. Names of affected
584 operations and lemmas have been prefixed by rbt_. INCOMPATIBILITY for
585 theories working directly with raw red-black trees, adapt the names as
589 bulkload -> rbt_bulkload
590 del_from_left -> rbt_del_from_left
591 del_from_right -> rbt_del_from_right
596 insertw -> rbt_insert_with
597 insert_with_key -> rbt_insert_with_key
598 map_entry -> rbt_map_entry
601 tree_greater -> rbt_greater
602 tree_less -> rbt_less
603 tree_less_symbol -> rbt_less_symbol
605 union_with -> rbt_union_with
606 union_with_key -> rbt_union_with_key
609 balance_left_sorted -> balance_left_rbt_sorted
610 balance_left_tree_greater -> balance_left_rbt_greater
611 balance_left_tree_less -> balance_left_rbt_less
612 balance_right_sorted -> balance_right_rbt_sorted
613 balance_right_tree_greater -> balance_right_rbt_greater
614 balance_right_tree_less -> balance_right_rbt_less
615 balance_sorted -> balance_rbt_sorted
616 balance_tree_greater -> balance_rbt_greater
617 balance_tree_less -> balance_rbt_less
618 bulkload_is_rbt -> rbt_bulkload_is_rbt
619 combine_sorted -> combine_rbt_sorted
620 combine_tree_greater -> combine_rbt_greater
621 combine_tree_less -> combine_rbt_less
622 delete_in_tree -> rbt_delete_in_tree
623 delete_is_rbt -> rbt_delete_is_rbt
624 del_from_left_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_greater
625 del_from_left_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_less
626 del_from_right_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_greater
627 del_from_right_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_less
628 del_in_tree -> rbt_del_in_tree
629 del_inv1_inv2 -> rbt_del_inv1_inv2
630 del_sorted -> rbt_del_rbt_sorted
631 del_tree_greater -> rbt_del_rbt_greater
632 del_tree_less -> rbt_del_rbt_less
633 dom_lookup_Branch -> dom_rbt_lookup_Branch
634 entries_lookup -> entries_rbt_lookup
635 finite_dom_lookup -> finite_dom_rbt_lookup
636 insert_sorted -> rbt_insert_rbt_sorted
637 insertw_is_rbt -> rbt_insertw_is_rbt
638 insertwk_is_rbt -> rbt_insertwk_is_rbt
639 insertwk_sorted -> rbt_insertwk_rbt_sorted
640 insertw_sorted -> rbt_insertw_rbt_sorted
641 ins_sorted -> ins_rbt_sorted
642 ins_tree_greater -> ins_rbt_greater
643 ins_tree_less -> ins_rbt_less
644 is_rbt_sorted -> is_rbt_rbt_sorted
645 lookup_balance -> rbt_lookup_balance
646 lookup_bulkload -> rbt_lookup_rbt_bulkload
647 lookup_delete -> rbt_lookup_rbt_delete
648 lookup_Empty -> rbt_lookup_Empty
649 lookup_from_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_from_in_tree
650 lookup_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_in_tree
651 lookup_ins -> rbt_lookup_ins
652 lookup_insert -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insert
653 lookup_insertw -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertw
654 lookup_insertwk -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertwk
655 lookup_keys -> rbt_lookup_keys
656 lookup_map -> rbt_lookup_map
657 lookup_map_entry -> rbt_lookup_rbt_map_entry
658 lookup_tree_greater -> rbt_lookup_rbt_greater
659 lookup_tree_less -> rbt_lookup_rbt_less
660 lookup_union -> rbt_lookup_rbt_union
661 map_entry_color_of -> rbt_map_entry_color_of
662 map_entry_inv1 -> rbt_map_entry_inv1
663 map_entry_inv2 -> rbt_map_entry_inv2
664 map_entry_is_rbt -> rbt_map_entry_is_rbt
665 map_entry_sorted -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_sorted
666 map_entry_tree_greater -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_greater
667 map_entry_tree_less -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_less
668 map_tree_greater -> map_rbt_greater
669 map_tree_less -> map_rbt_less
670 map_sorted -> map_rbt_sorted
671 paint_sorted -> paint_rbt_sorted
672 paint_lookup -> paint_rbt_lookup
673 paint_tree_greater -> paint_rbt_greater
674 paint_tree_less -> paint_rbt_less
675 sorted_entries -> rbt_sorted_entries
676 tree_greater_eq_trans -> rbt_greater_eq_trans
677 tree_greater_nit -> rbt_greater_nit
678 tree_greater_prop -> rbt_greater_prop
679 tree_greater_simps -> rbt_greater_simps
680 tree_greater_trans -> rbt_greater_trans
681 tree_less_eq_trans -> rbt_less_eq_trans
682 tree_less_nit -> rbt_less_nit
683 tree_less_prop -> rbt_less_prop
684 tree_less_simps -> rbt_less_simps
685 tree_less_trans -> rbt_less_trans
686 tree_ord_props -> rbt_ord_props
687 union_Branch -> rbt_union_Branch
688 union_is_rbt -> rbt_union_is_rbt
689 unionw_is_rbt -> rbt_unionw_is_rbt
690 unionwk_is_rbt -> rbt_unionwk_is_rbt
691 unionwk_sorted -> rbt_unionwk_rbt_sorted
693 * Theory HOL/Library/Float: Floating point numbers are now defined as
694 a subset of the real numbers. All operations are defined using the
695 lifing-framework and proofs use the transfer method. INCOMPATIBILITY.
702 round_down -> float_round_down
703 round_up -> float_round_up
707 ceiling_fl, lb_mult, lb_mod, ub_mult, ub_mod
710 abs_float_def -> Float.compute_float_abs
711 bitlen_ge0 -> bitlen_nonneg
712 bitlen.simps -> Float.compute_bitlen
713 float_components -> Float_mantissa_exponent
714 float_divl.simps -> Float.compute_float_divl
715 float_divr.simps -> Float.compute_float_divr
716 float_eq_odd -> mult_powr_eq_mult_powr_iff
717 float_power -> real_of_float_power
718 lapprox_posrat_def -> Float.compute_lapprox_posrat
719 lapprox_rat.simps -> Float.compute_lapprox_rat
720 le_float_def' -> Float.compute_float_le
721 le_float_def -> less_eq_float.rep_eq
722 less_float_def' -> Float.compute_float_less
723 less_float_def -> less_float.rep_eq
724 normfloat_def -> Float.compute_normfloat
725 normfloat_imp_odd_or_zero -> mantissa_not_dvd and mantissa_noteq_0
726 normfloat -> normfloat_def
727 normfloat_unique -> use normfloat_def
728 number_of_float_Float -> Float.compute_float_numeral, Float.compute_float_neg_numeral
729 one_float_def -> Float.compute_float_one
730 plus_float_def -> Float.compute_float_plus
731 rapprox_posrat_def -> Float.compute_rapprox_posrat
732 rapprox_rat.simps -> Float.compute_rapprox_rat
733 real_of_float_0 -> zero_float.rep_eq
734 real_of_float_1 -> one_float.rep_eq
735 real_of_float_abs -> abs_float.rep_eq
736 real_of_float_add -> plus_float.rep_eq
737 real_of_float_minus -> uminus_float.rep_eq
738 real_of_float_mult -> times_float.rep_eq
739 real_of_float_simp -> Float.rep_eq
740 real_of_float_sub -> minus_float.rep_eq
741 round_down.simps -> Float.compute_float_round_down
742 round_up.simps -> Float.compute_float_round_up
743 times_float_def -> Float.compute_float_times
744 uminus_float_def -> Float.compute_float_uminus
745 zero_float_def -> Float.compute_float_zero
747 Lemmas not necessary anymore, use the transfer method:
748 bitlen_B0, bitlen_B1, bitlen_ge1, bitlen_Min, bitlen_Pls, float_divl,
749 float_divr, float_le_simp, float_less1_mantissa_bound,
750 float_less_simp, float_less_zero, float_le_zero,
751 float_pos_less1_e_neg, float_pos_m_pos, float_split, float_split2,
752 floor_pos_exp, lapprox_posrat, lapprox_posrat_bottom, lapprox_rat,
753 lapprox_rat_bottom, normalized_float, rapprox_posrat,
754 rapprox_posrat_le1, rapprox_rat, real_of_float_ge0_exp,
755 real_of_float_neg_exp, real_of_float_nge0_exp, round_down floor_fl,
756 round_up, zero_le_float, zero_less_float
758 * New theory HOL/Library/DAList provides an abstract type for
759 association lists with distinct keys.
761 * Session HOL/IMP: Added new theory of abstract interpretation of
764 * Session HOL-Import: Re-implementation from scratch is faster,
765 simpler, and more scalable. Requires a proof bundle, which is
766 available as an external component. Discontinued old (and mostly
767 dead) Importer for HOL4 and HOL Light. INCOMPATIBILITY.
769 * Session HOL-Word: Discontinued many redundant theorems specific to
770 type 'a word. INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems
773 word_sub_alt ~> word_sub_wi
774 word_add_alt ~> word_add_def
775 word_mult_alt ~> word_mult_def
776 word_minus_alt ~> word_minus_def
777 word_0_alt ~> word_0_wi
778 word_1_alt ~> word_1_wi
779 word_add_0 ~> add_0_left
780 word_add_0_right ~> add_0_right
781 word_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
782 word_mult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
783 word_add_commute ~> add_commute
784 word_add_assoc ~> add_assoc
785 word_add_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
786 word_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
787 word_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
788 word_mult_left_commute ~> mult_left_commute
789 word_left_distrib ~> left_distrib
790 word_right_distrib ~> right_distrib
791 word_left_minus ~> left_minus
792 word_diff_0_right ~> diff_0_right
793 word_diff_self ~> diff_self
794 word_sub_def ~> diff_minus
795 word_diff_minus ~> diff_minus
796 word_add_ac ~> add_ac
797 word_mult_ac ~> mult_ac
798 word_plus_ac0 ~> add_0_left add_0_right add_ac
799 word_times_ac1 ~> mult_1_left mult_1_right mult_ac
800 word_order_trans ~> order_trans
801 word_order_refl ~> order_refl
802 word_order_antisym ~> order_antisym
803 word_order_linear ~> linorder_linear
804 lenw1_zero_neq_one ~> zero_neq_one
805 word_number_of_eq ~> number_of_eq
806 word_of_int_add_hom ~> wi_hom_add
807 word_of_int_sub_hom ~> wi_hom_sub
808 word_of_int_mult_hom ~> wi_hom_mult
809 word_of_int_minus_hom ~> wi_hom_neg
810 word_of_int_succ_hom ~> wi_hom_succ
811 word_of_int_pred_hom ~> wi_hom_pred
812 word_of_int_0_hom ~> word_0_wi
813 word_of_int_1_hom ~> word_1_wi
815 * Session HOL-Word: New proof method "word_bitwise" for splitting
816 machine word equalities and inequalities into logical circuits,
817 defined in HOL/Word/WordBitwise.thy. Supports addition, subtraction,
818 multiplication, shifting by constants, bitwise operators and numeric
819 constants. Requires fixed-length word types, not 'a word. Solves
820 many standard word identities outright and converts more into first
821 order problems amenable to blast or similar. See also examples in
822 HOL/Word/Examples/WordExamples.thy.
824 * Session HOL-Probability: Introduced the type "'a measure" to
825 represent measures, this replaces the records 'a algebra and 'a
826 measure_space. The locales based on subset_class now have two
827 locale-parameters the space \<Omega> and the set of measurable sets M.
828 The product of probability spaces uses now the same constant as the
829 finite product of sigma-finite measure spaces "PiM :: ('i => 'a)
830 measure". Most constants are defined now outside of locales and gain
831 an additional parameter, like null_sets, almost_eventually or \<mu>'.
832 Measure space constructions for distributions and densities now got
833 their own constants distr and density. Instead of using locales to
834 describe measure spaces with a finite space, the measure count_space
835 and point_measure is introduced. INCOMPATIBILITY.
839 finite_measure.\<mu>' -> measure
840 product_algebra_generator -> prod_algebra
841 product_prob_space.emb -> prod_emb
842 product_prob_space.infprod_algebra -> PiM
845 completeable_measure_space
848 finite_product_finite_prob_space
849 finite_product_sigma_algebra
852 pair_finite_prob_space
853 pair_finite_sigma_algebra
856 product_sigma_algebra
860 distribution -> use distr measure, or distributed predicate
862 joint_distribution -> use distr measure, or distributed predicate
863 pair_measure_generator
864 product_prob_space.infprod_algebra -> use PiM
867 Replacement theorems:
868 finite_additivity_sufficient -> ring_of_sets.countably_additiveI_finite
869 finite_measure.empty_measure -> measure_empty
870 finite_measure.finite_continuity_from_above -> finite_measure.finite_Lim_measure_decseq
871 finite_measure.finite_continuity_from_below -> finite_measure.finite_Lim_measure_incseq
872 finite_measure.finite_measure_countably_subadditive -> finite_measure.finite_measure_subadditive_countably
873 finite_measure.finite_measure_eq -> finite_measure.emeasure_eq_measure
874 finite_measure.finite_measure -> finite_measure.emeasure_finite
875 finite_measure.finite_measure_finite_singleton -> finite_measure.finite_measure_eq_setsum_singleton
876 finite_measure.positive_measure' -> measure_nonneg
877 finite_measure.real_measure -> finite_measure.emeasure_real
878 finite_product_prob_space.finite_measure_times -> finite_product_prob_space.finite_measure_PiM_emb
879 finite_product_sigma_algebra.in_P -> sets_PiM_I_finite
880 finite_product_sigma_algebra.P_empty -> space_PiM_empty, sets_PiM_empty
881 information_space.conditional_entropy_eq -> information_space.conditional_entropy_simple_distributed
882 information_space.conditional_entropy_positive -> information_space.conditional_entropy_nonneg_simple
883 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_eq_mutual_information -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_eq_mutual_information_simple
884 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_generic_positive -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_nonneg_simple
885 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_positive -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_nonneg_simple
886 information_space.entropy_commute -> information_space.entropy_commute_simple
887 information_space.entropy_eq -> information_space.entropy_simple_distributed
888 information_space.entropy_generic_eq -> information_space.entropy_simple_distributed
889 information_space.entropy_positive -> information_space.entropy_nonneg_simple
890 information_space.entropy_uniform_max -> information_space.entropy_uniform
891 information_space.KL_eq_0_imp -> information_space.KL_eq_0_iff_eq
892 information_space.KL_eq_0 -> information_space.KL_same_eq_0
893 information_space.KL_ge_0 -> information_space.KL_nonneg
894 information_space.mutual_information_eq -> information_space.mutual_information_simple_distributed
895 information_space.mutual_information_positive -> information_space.mutual_information_nonneg_simple
896 Int_stable_cuboids -> Int_stable_atLeastAtMost
897 Int_stable_product_algebra_generator -> positive_integral
898 measure_preserving -> equality "distr M N f = N" "f : measurable M N"
899 measure_space.additive -> emeasure_additive
900 measure_space.AE_iff_null_set -> AE_iff_null
901 measure_space.almost_everywhere_def -> eventually_ae_filter
902 measure_space.almost_everywhere_vimage -> AE_distrD
903 measure_space.continuity_from_above -> INF_emeasure_decseq
904 measure_space.continuity_from_above_Lim -> Lim_emeasure_decseq
905 measure_space.continuity_from_below_Lim -> Lim_emeasure_incseq
906 measure_space.continuity_from_below -> SUP_emeasure_incseq
907 measure_space_density -> emeasure_density
908 measure_space.density_is_absolutely_continuous -> absolutely_continuousI_density
909 measure_space.integrable_vimage -> integrable_distr
910 measure_space.integral_translated_density -> integral_density
911 measure_space.integral_vimage -> integral_distr
912 measure_space.measure_additive -> plus_emeasure
913 measure_space.measure_compl -> emeasure_compl
914 measure_space.measure_countable_increasing -> emeasure_countable_increasing
915 measure_space.measure_countably_subadditive -> emeasure_subadditive_countably
916 measure_space.measure_decseq -> decseq_emeasure
917 measure_space.measure_Diff -> emeasure_Diff
918 measure_space.measure_Diff_null_set -> emeasure_Diff_null_set
919 measure_space.measure_eq_0 -> emeasure_eq_0
920 measure_space.measure_finitely_subadditive -> emeasure_subadditive_finite
921 measure_space.measure_finite_singleton -> emeasure_eq_setsum_singleton
922 measure_space.measure_incseq -> incseq_emeasure
923 measure_space.measure_insert -> emeasure_insert
924 measure_space.measure_mono -> emeasure_mono
925 measure_space.measure_not_negative -> emeasure_not_MInf
926 measure_space.measure_preserving_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
927 measure_space.measure_setsum -> setsum_emeasure
928 measure_space.measure_setsum_split -> setsum_emeasure_cover
929 measure_space.measure_space_vimage -> emeasure_distr
930 measure_space.measure_subadditive_finite -> emeasure_subadditive_finite
931 measure_space.measure_subadditive -> subadditive
932 measure_space.measure_top -> emeasure_space
933 measure_space.measure_UN_eq_0 -> emeasure_UN_eq_0
934 measure_space.measure_Un_null_set -> emeasure_Un_null_set
935 measure_space.positive_integral_translated_density -> positive_integral_density
936 measure_space.positive_integral_vimage -> positive_integral_distr
937 measure_space.real_continuity_from_above -> Lim_measure_decseq
938 measure_space.real_continuity_from_below -> Lim_measure_incseq
939 measure_space.real_measure_countably_subadditive -> measure_subadditive_countably
940 measure_space.real_measure_Diff -> measure_Diff
941 measure_space.real_measure_finite_Union -> measure_finite_Union
942 measure_space.real_measure_setsum_singleton -> measure_eq_setsum_singleton
943 measure_space.real_measure_subadditive -> measure_subadditive
944 measure_space.real_measure_Union -> measure_Union
945 measure_space.real_measure_UNION -> measure_UNION
946 measure_space.simple_function_vimage -> simple_function_comp
947 measure_space.simple_integral_vimage -> simple_integral_distr
948 measure_space.simple_integral_vimage -> simple_integral_distr
949 measure_unique_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
950 measure_unique_Int_stable_vimage -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
951 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_cut_fst -> sets_Pair1
952 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_cut_snd -> sets_Pair2
953 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_pair_image_fst -> measurable_Pair1
954 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_pair_image_snd -> measurable_Pair2
955 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_product_swap -> measurable_pair_swap_iff
956 pair_sigma_algebra.pair_sigma_algebra_measurable -> measurable_pair_swap
957 pair_sigma_algebra.pair_sigma_algebra_swap_measurable -> measurable_pair_swap'
958 pair_sigma_algebra.sets_swap -> sets_pair_swap
959 pair_sigma_finite.measure_cut_measurable_fst -> pair_sigma_finite.measurable_emeasure_Pair1
960 pair_sigma_finite.measure_cut_measurable_snd -> pair_sigma_finite.measurable_emeasure_Pair2
961 pair_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_swap -> pair_sigma_finite.distr_pair_swap
962 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_alt2 -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_alt2
963 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_alt -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_alt
964 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_times -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_Times
965 prob_space.indep_distribution_eq_measure -> prob_space.indep_vars_iff_distr_eq_PiM
966 prob_space.indep_var_distributionD -> prob_space.indep_var_distribution_eq
967 prob_space.measure_space_1 -> prob_space.emeasure_space_1
968 prob_space.prob_space_vimage -> prob_space_distr
969 prob_space.random_variable_restrict -> measurable_restrict
970 prob_space_unique_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_prob_space
971 product_algebraE -> prod_algebraE_all
972 product_algebra_generator_der -> prod_algebra_eq_finite
973 product_algebra_generator_into_space -> prod_algebra_sets_into_space
974 product_algebraI -> sets_PiM_I_finite
975 product_measure_exists -> product_sigma_finite.sigma_finite
976 product_prob_space.finite_index_eq_finite_product -> product_prob_space.sets_PiM_generator
977 product_prob_space.finite_measure_infprod_emb_Pi -> product_prob_space.measure_PiM_emb
978 product_prob_space.infprod_spec -> product_prob_space.emeasure_PiM_emb_not_empty
979 product_prob_space.measurable_component -> measurable_component_singleton
980 product_prob_space.measurable_emb -> measurable_prod_emb
981 product_prob_space.measurable_into_infprod_algebra -> measurable_PiM_single
982 product_prob_space.measurable_singleton_infprod -> measurable_component_singleton
983 product_prob_space.measure_emb -> emeasure_prod_emb
984 product_prob_space.measure_preserving_restrict -> product_prob_space.distr_restrict
985 product_sigma_algebra.product_algebra_into_space -> space_closed
986 product_sigma_finite.measure_fold -> product_sigma_finite.distr_merge
987 product_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_component_singelton -> product_sigma_finite.distr_singleton
988 product_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_merge -> product_sigma_finite.distr_merge
989 sequence_space.measure_infprod -> sequence_space.measure_PiM_countable
990 sets_product_algebra -> sets_PiM
991 sigma_algebra.measurable_sigma -> measurable_measure_of
992 sigma_finite_measure.disjoint_sigma_finite -> sigma_finite_disjoint
993 sigma_finite_measure.RN_deriv_vimage -> sigma_finite_measure.RN_deriv_distr
994 sigma_product_algebra_sigma_eq -> sigma_prod_algebra_sigma_eq
995 space_product_algebra -> space_PiM
997 * Session HOL-TPTP: support to parse and import TPTP problems (all
998 languages) into Isabelle/HOL.
1003 * New "case_product" attribute (see HOL).
1008 * Greater support for structured proofs involving induction or case
1011 * Much greater use of mathematical symbols.
1013 * Removal of many ML theorem bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1018 * Antiquotation @{keyword "name"} produces a parser for outer syntax
1019 from a minor keyword introduced via theory header declaration.
1021 * Antiquotation @{command_spec "name"} produces the
1022 Outer_Syntax.command_spec from a major keyword introduced via theory
1023 header declaration; it can be passed to Outer_Syntax.command etc.
1025 * Local_Theory.define no longer hard-wires default theorem name
1026 "foo_def", but retains the binding as given. If that is Binding.empty
1027 / Attrib.empty_binding, the result is not registered as user-level
1028 fact. The Local_Theory.define_internal variant allows to specify a
1029 non-empty name (used for the foundation in the background theory),
1030 while omitting the fact binding in the user-context. Potential
1031 INCOMPATIBILITY for derived definitional packages: need to specify
1032 naming policy for primitive definitions more explicitly.
1034 * Renamed Thm.capply to Thm.apply, and Thm.cabs to Thm.lambda in
1035 conformance with similar operations in structure Term and Logic.
1037 * Antiquotation @{attributes [...]} embeds attribute source
1038 representation into the ML text, which is particularly useful with
1039 declarations like Local_Theory.note.
1041 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
1042 ProofContext has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1044 * Refined Local_Theory.declaration {syntax, pervasive}, with subtle
1045 change of semantics: update is applied to auxiliary local theory
1048 * Modernized some old-style infix operations:
1050 addeqcongs ~> Simplifier.add_eqcong
1051 deleqcongs ~> Simplifier.del_eqcong
1052 addcongs ~> Simplifier.add_cong
1053 delcongs ~> Simplifier.del_cong
1054 setmksimps ~> Simplifier.set_mksimps
1055 setmkcong ~> Simplifier.set_mkcong
1056 setmksym ~> Simplifier.set_mksym
1057 setmkeqTrue ~> Simplifier.set_mkeqTrue
1058 settermless ~> Simplifier.set_termless
1059 setsubgoaler ~> Simplifier.set_subgoaler
1060 addsplits ~> Splitter.add_split
1061 delsplits ~> Splitter.del_split
1066 * USER_HOME settings variable points to cross-platform user home
1067 directory, which coincides with HOME on POSIX systems only. Likewise,
1068 the Isabelle path specification "~" now expands to $USER_HOME, instead
1069 of former $HOME. A different default for USER_HOME may be set
1070 explicitly in shell environment, before Isabelle settings are
1071 evaluated. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: need to adapt Isabelle path where
1072 the generic user home was intended.
1074 * ISABELLE_HOME_WINDOWS refers to ISABELLE_HOME in windows file name
1075 notation, which is useful for the jEdit file browser, for example.
1077 * ISABELLE_JDK_HOME settings variable points to JDK with javac and jar
1082 New in Isabelle2011-1 (October 2011)
1083 ------------------------------------
1087 * Improved Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE (PIDE), which can be invoked as
1088 "isabelle jedit" or "ISABELLE_HOME/Isabelle" on the command line.
1090 - Management of multiple theory files directly from the editor
1091 buffer store -- bypassing the file-system (no requirement to save
1092 files for checking).
1094 - Markup of formal entities within the text buffer, with semantic
1095 highlighting, tooltips and hyperlinks to jump to defining source
1098 - Improved text rendering, with sub/superscripts in the source
1099 buffer (including support for copy/paste wrt. output panel, HTML
1100 theory output and other non-Isabelle text boxes).
1102 - Refined scheduling of proof checking and printing of results,
1103 based on interactive editor view. (Note: jEdit folding and
1104 narrowing allows to restrict buffer perspectives explicitly.)
1106 - Reduced CPU performance requirements, usable on machines with few
1109 - Reduced memory requirements due to pruning of unused document
1110 versions (garbage collection).
1112 See also ~~/src/Tools/jEdit/README.html for further information,
1113 including some remaining limitations.
1115 * Theory loader: source files are exclusively located via the master
1116 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
1117 The global load path (such as src/HOL/Library) has been discontinued.
1118 Note that the path element ~~ may be used to reference theories in the
1119 Isabelle home folder -- for instance, "~~/src/HOL/Library/FuncSet".
1122 * Theory loader: source files are identified by content via SHA1
1123 digests. Discontinued former path/modtime identification and optional
1124 ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT plugin scripts.
1126 * Parallelization of nested Isar proofs is subject to
1127 Goal.parallel_proofs_threshold (default 100). See also isabelle
1130 * Name space: former unsynchronized references are now proper
1131 configuration options, with more conventional names:
1133 long_names ~> names_long
1134 short_names ~> names_short
1135 unique_names ~> names_unique
1137 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, need to declare options in context like this:
1139 declare [[names_unique = false]]
1141 * Literal facts `prop` may contain dummy patterns, e.g. `_ = _`. Note
1142 that the result needs to be unique, which means fact specifications
1143 may have to be refined after enriching a proof context.
1145 * Attribute "case_names" has been refined: the assumptions in each case
1146 can be named now by following the case name with [name1 name2 ...].
1148 * Isabelle/Isar reference manual has been updated and extended:
1149 - "Synopsis" provides a catalog of main Isar language concepts.
1150 - Formal references in syntax diagrams, via @{rail} antiquotation.
1151 - Updated material from classic "ref" manual, notably about
1152 "Classical Reasoner".
1157 * Class bot and top require underlying partial order rather than
1158 preorder: uniqueness of bot and top is guaranteed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1160 * Class complete_lattice: generalized a couple of lemmas from sets;
1161 generalized theorems INF_cong and SUP_cong. New type classes for
1162 complete boolean algebras and complete linear orders. Lemmas
1163 Inf_less_iff, less_Sup_iff, INF_less_iff, less_SUP_iff now reside in
1164 class complete_linorder.
1166 Changed proposition of lemmas Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, Inf_fun_def,
1167 Sup_fun_def, Inf_apply, Sup_apply.
1169 Removed redundant lemmas (the right hand side gives hints how to
1170 replace them for (metis ...), or (simp only: ...) proofs):
1172 Inf_singleton ~> Inf_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Inf_empty inf_top_right]
1173 Sup_singleton ~> Sup_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Sup_empty sup_bot_right]
1174 Inf_binary ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
1175 Sup_binary ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
1176 Int_eq_Inter ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
1177 Un_eq_Union ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
1178 Inter_def ~> INF_def, image_def
1179 Union_def ~> SUP_def, image_def
1180 INT_eq ~> INF_def, and image_def
1181 UN_eq ~> SUP_def, and image_def
1182 INF_subset ~> INF_superset_mono [OF _ order_refl]
1184 More consistent and comprehensive names:
1186 INTER_eq_Inter_image ~> INF_def
1187 UNION_eq_Union_image ~> SUP_def
1190 INF_leI ~> INF_lower
1191 INF_leI2 ~> INF_lower2
1192 le_INFI ~> INF_greatest
1193 le_SUPI ~> SUP_upper
1194 le_SUPI2 ~> SUP_upper2
1195 SUP_leI ~> SUP_least
1196 INFI_bool_eq ~> INF_bool_eq
1197 SUPR_bool_eq ~> SUP_bool_eq
1198 INFI_apply ~> INF_apply
1199 SUPR_apply ~> SUP_apply
1200 INTER_def ~> INTER_eq
1201 UNION_def ~> UNION_eq
1205 * Renamed theory Complete_Lattice to Complete_Lattices.
1208 * Theory Complete_Lattices: lemmas Inf_eq_top_iff, INF_eq_top_iff,
1209 INF_image, Inf_insert, INF_top, Inf_top_conv, INF_top_conv, SUP_bot,
1210 Sup_bot_conv, SUP_bot_conv, Sup_eq_top_iff, SUP_eq_top_iff, SUP_image,
1211 Sup_insert are now declared as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1213 * Theory Lattice: lemmas compl_inf_bot, compl_le_comp_iff,
1214 compl_sup_top, inf_idem, inf_left_idem, inf_sup_absorb, sup_idem,
1215 sup_inf_absob, sup_left_idem are now declared as [simp]. Minor
1218 * Added syntactic classes "inf" and "sup" for the respective
1219 constants. INCOMPATIBILITY: Changes in the argument order of the
1220 (mostly internal) locale predicates for some derived classes.
1222 * Theorem collections ball_simps and bex_simps do not contain theorems
1223 referring to UNION any longer; these have been moved to collection
1224 UN_ball_bex_simps. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1226 * Theory Archimedean_Field: floor now is defined as parameter of a
1227 separate type class floor_ceiling.
1229 * Theory Finite_Set: more coherent development of fold_set locales:
1231 locale fun_left_comm ~> locale comp_fun_commute
1232 locale fun_left_comm_idem ~> locale comp_fun_idem
1234 Both use point-free characterization; interpretation proofs may need
1235 adjustment. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1237 * Theory Limits: Type "'a net" has been renamed to "'a filter", in
1238 accordance with standard mathematical terminology. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1240 * Theory Complex_Main: The locale interpretations for the
1241 bounded_linear and bounded_bilinear locales have been removed, in
1242 order to reduce the number of duplicate lemmas. Users must use the
1243 original names for distributivity theorems, potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
1245 divide.add ~> add_divide_distrib
1246 divide.diff ~> diff_divide_distrib
1247 divide.setsum ~> setsum_divide_distrib
1248 mult.add_right ~> right_distrib
1249 mult.diff_right ~> right_diff_distrib
1250 mult_right.setsum ~> setsum_right_distrib
1251 mult_left.diff ~> left_diff_distrib
1253 * Theory Complex_Main: Several redundant theorems have been removed or
1254 replaced by more general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1256 real_diff_def ~> minus_real_def
1257 real_divide_def ~> divide_real_def
1258 real_less_def ~> less_le
1259 real_abs_def ~> abs_real_def
1260 real_sgn_def ~> sgn_real_def
1261 real_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
1262 real_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
1263 real_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
1264 real_add_mult_distrib ~> left_distrib
1265 real_zero_not_eq_one ~> zero_neq_one
1266 real_mult_inverse_left ~> left_inverse
1267 INVERSE_ZERO ~> inverse_zero
1268 real_le_refl ~> order_refl
1269 real_le_antisym ~> order_antisym
1270 real_le_trans ~> order_trans
1271 real_le_linear ~> linear
1272 real_le_eq_diff ~> le_iff_diff_le_0
1273 real_add_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
1274 real_mult_order ~> mult_pos_pos
1275 real_mult_less_mono2 ~> mult_strict_left_mono
1276 real_of_int_real_of_nat ~> real_of_int_of_nat_eq
1277 real_0_le_divide_iff ~> zero_le_divide_iff
1278 realpow_two_disj ~> power2_eq_iff
1279 real_squared_diff_one_factored ~> square_diff_one_factored
1280 realpow_two_diff ~> square_diff_square_factored
1281 reals_complete2 ~> complete_real
1282 real_sum_squared_expand ~> power2_sum
1283 exp_ln_eq ~> ln_unique
1285 expi_zero ~> exp_zero
1286 lemma_DERIV_subst ~> DERIV_cong
1287 LIMSEQ_Zfun_iff ~> tendsto_Zfun_iff
1288 LIMSEQ_const ~> tendsto_const
1289 LIMSEQ_norm ~> tendsto_norm
1290 LIMSEQ_add ~> tendsto_add
1291 LIMSEQ_minus ~> tendsto_minus
1292 LIMSEQ_minus_cancel ~> tendsto_minus_cancel
1293 LIMSEQ_diff ~> tendsto_diff
1294 bounded_linear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
1295 bounded_bilinear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
1296 LIMSEQ_mult ~> tendsto_mult
1297 LIMSEQ_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
1298 LIMSEQ_divide ~> tendsto_divide
1299 LIMSEQ_pow ~> tendsto_power
1300 LIMSEQ_setsum ~> tendsto_setsum
1301 LIMSEQ_setprod ~> tendsto_setprod
1302 LIMSEQ_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
1303 LIMSEQ_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
1304 LIMSEQ_imp_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
1305 LIMSEQ_add_minus ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_minus]
1306 LIMSEQ_add_const ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_const]
1307 LIMSEQ_diff_const ~> tendsto_diff [OF _ tendsto_const]
1308 LIMSEQ_Complex ~> tendsto_Complex
1309 LIM_ident ~> tendsto_ident_at
1310 LIM_const ~> tendsto_const
1311 LIM_add ~> tendsto_add
1312 LIM_add_zero ~> tendsto_add_zero
1313 LIM_minus ~> tendsto_minus
1314 LIM_diff ~> tendsto_diff
1315 LIM_norm ~> tendsto_norm
1316 LIM_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero
1317 LIM_norm_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_norm_zero_cancel
1318 LIM_norm_zero_iff ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
1319 LIM_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
1320 LIM_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero
1321 LIM_rabs_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_cancel
1322 LIM_rabs_zero_iff ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
1323 LIM_compose ~> tendsto_compose
1324 LIM_mult ~> tendsto_mult
1325 LIM_scaleR ~> tendsto_scaleR
1326 LIM_of_real ~> tendsto_of_real
1327 LIM_power ~> tendsto_power
1328 LIM_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
1329 LIM_sgn ~> tendsto_sgn
1330 isCont_LIM_compose ~> isCont_tendsto_compose
1331 bounded_linear.LIM ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
1332 bounded_linear.LIM_zero ~> bounded_linear.tendsto_zero
1333 bounded_bilinear.LIM ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
1334 bounded_bilinear.LIM_prod_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_zero
1335 bounded_bilinear.LIM_left_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_left_zero
1336 bounded_bilinear.LIM_right_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_right_zero
1337 LIM_inverse_fun ~> tendsto_inverse [OF tendsto_ident_at]
1339 * Theory Complex_Main: The definition of infinite series was
1340 generalized. Now it is defined on the type class {topological_space,
1341 comm_monoid_add}. Hence it is useable also for extended real numbers.
1343 * Theory Complex_Main: The complex exponential function "expi" is now
1344 a type-constrained abbreviation for "exp :: complex => complex"; thus
1345 several polymorphic lemmas about "exp" are now applicable to "expi".
1349 - Theory Library/Code_Char_ord provides native ordering of
1350 characters in the target language.
1352 - Commands code_module and code_library are legacy, use export_code
1355 - Method "evaluation" is legacy, use method "eval" instead.
1357 - Legacy evaluator "SML" is deactivated by default. May be
1358 reactivated by the following theory command:
1360 setup {* Value.add_evaluator ("SML", Codegen.eval_term) *}
1362 * Declare ext [intro] by default. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
1364 * New proof method "induction" that gives induction hypotheses the
1365 name "IH", thus distinguishing them from further hypotheses that come
1366 from rule induction. The latter are still called "hyps". Method
1367 "induction" is a thin wrapper around "induct" and follows the same
1370 * Method "fastsimp" has been renamed to "fastforce", but "fastsimp" is
1371 still available as a legacy feature for some time.
1374 - Added "need" and "total_consts" options.
1375 - Reintroduced "show_skolems" option by popular demand.
1376 - Renamed attribute: nitpick_def ~> nitpick_unfold.
1380 - Use quasi-sound (and efficient) translations by default.
1381 - Added support for the following provers: E-ToFoF, LEO-II,
1382 Satallax, SNARK, Waldmeister, and Z3 with TPTP syntax.
1383 - Automatically preplay and minimize proofs before showing them if
1384 this can be done within reasonable time.
1385 - sledgehammer available_provers ~> sledgehammer supported_provers.
1387 - Added "preplay_timeout", "slicing", "type_enc", "sound",
1388 "max_mono_iters", and "max_new_mono_instances" options.
1389 - Removed "explicit_apply" and "full_types" options as well as "Full
1390 Types" Proof General menu item. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1393 - Removed "metisF" -- use "metis" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1394 - Obsoleted "metisFT" -- use "metis (full_types)" instead.
1398 - Renamed 'try_methods' and added "simp:", "intro:", "dest:", and
1399 "elim:" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1400 - Introduced 'try' that not only runs 'try_methods' but also
1401 'solve_direct', 'sledgehammer', 'quickcheck', and 'nitpick'.
1404 - Added "eval" option to evaluate terms for the found counterexample
1405 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
1406 - Added post-processing of terms to obtain readable counterexamples
1407 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
1408 - New counterexample generator quickcheck[narrowing] enables
1409 narrowing-based testing. Requires the Glasgow Haskell compiler
1410 with its installation location defined in the Isabelle settings
1411 environment as ISABELLE_GHC.
1412 - Removed quickcheck tester "SML" based on the SML code generator
1413 (formly in HOL/Library).
1415 * Function package: discontinued option "tailrec". INCOMPATIBILITY,
1416 use 'partial_function' instead.
1418 * Theory Library/Extended_Reals replaces now the positive extended
1419 reals found in probability theory. This file is extended by
1420 Multivariate_Analysis/Extended_Real_Limits.
1422 * Theory Library/Old_Recdef: old 'recdef' package has been moved here,
1423 from where it must be imported explicitly if it is really required.
1426 * Theory Library/Wfrec: well-founded recursion combinator "wfrec" has
1427 been moved here. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1429 * Theory Library/Saturated provides type of numbers with saturated
1432 * Theory Library/Product_Lattice defines a pointwise ordering for the
1433 product type 'a * 'b, and provides instance proofs for various order
1434 and lattice type classes.
1436 * Theory Library/Countable now provides the "countable_datatype" proof
1437 method for proving "countable" class instances for datatypes.
1439 * Theory Library/Cset_Monad allows do notation for computable sets
1440 (cset) via the generic monad ad-hoc overloading facility.
1442 * Library: Theories of common data structures are split into theories
1443 for implementation, an invariant-ensuring type, and connection to an
1444 abstract type. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1446 - RBT is split into RBT and RBT_Mapping.
1447 - AssocList is split and renamed into AList and AList_Mapping.
1448 - DList is split into DList_Impl, DList, and DList_Cset.
1449 - Cset is split into Cset and List_Cset.
1451 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity has been renamed to
1452 Library/Extended_Nat, with name changes of the following types and
1455 type inat ~> type enat
1457 Infty ~> infinity (overloaded)
1461 Every theorem name containing "inat", "Fin", "Infty", or "iSuc" has
1462 been renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1464 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: The euclidean_space type class now
1465 fixes a constant "Basis :: 'a set" consisting of the standard
1466 orthonormal basis for the type. Users now have the option of
1467 quantifying over this set instead of using the "basis" function, e.g.
1468 "ALL x:Basis. P x" vs "ALL i<DIM('a). P (basis i)".
1470 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Type "('a, 'b) cart" has been renamed
1471 to "('a, 'b) vec" (the syntax "'a ^ 'b" remains unaffected). Constants
1472 "Cart_nth" and "Cart_lambda" have been respectively renamed to
1473 "vec_nth" and "vec_lambda"; theorems mentioning those names have
1474 changed to match. Definition theorems for overloaded constants now use
1475 the standard "foo_vec_def" naming scheme. A few other theorems have
1476 been renamed as follows (INCOMPATIBILITY):
1478 Cart_eq ~> vec_eq_iff
1479 dist_nth_le_cart ~> dist_vec_nth_le
1480 tendsto_vector ~> vec_tendstoI
1481 Cauchy_vector ~> vec_CauchyI
1483 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Several duplicate theorems have been
1484 removed, and other theorems have been renamed or replaced with more
1485 general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1487 finite_choice ~> finite_set_choice
1488 eventually_conjI ~> eventually_conj
1489 eventually_and ~> eventually_conj_iff
1490 eventually_false ~> eventually_False
1491 setsum_norm ~> norm_setsum
1492 Lim_sequentially ~> LIMSEQ_def
1493 Lim_ident_at ~> LIM_ident
1494 Lim_const ~> tendsto_const
1495 Lim_cmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF tendsto_const]
1496 Lim_neg ~> tendsto_minus
1497 Lim_add ~> tendsto_add
1498 Lim_sub ~> tendsto_diff
1499 Lim_mul ~> tendsto_scaleR
1500 Lim_vmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF _ tendsto_const]
1501 Lim_null_norm ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff [symmetric]
1502 Lim_linear ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
1503 Lim_component ~> tendsto_euclidean_component
1504 Lim_component_cart ~> tendsto_vec_nth
1505 Lim_inner ~> tendsto_inner [OF tendsto_const]
1506 dot_lsum ~> inner_setsum_left
1507 dot_rsum ~> inner_setsum_right
1508 continuous_cmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF continuous_const]
1509 continuous_neg ~> continuous_minus
1510 continuous_sub ~> continuous_diff
1511 continuous_vmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF _ continuous_const]
1512 continuous_mul ~> continuous_scaleR
1513 continuous_inv ~> continuous_inverse
1514 continuous_at_within_inv ~> continuous_at_within_inverse
1515 continuous_at_inv ~> continuous_at_inverse
1516 continuous_at_norm ~> continuous_norm [OF continuous_at_id]
1517 continuous_at_infnorm ~> continuous_infnorm [OF continuous_at_id]
1518 continuous_at_component ~> continuous_component [OF continuous_at_id]
1519 continuous_on_neg ~> continuous_on_minus
1520 continuous_on_sub ~> continuous_on_diff
1521 continuous_on_cmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF continuous_on_const]
1522 continuous_on_vmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF _ continuous_on_const]
1523 continuous_on_mul ~> continuous_on_scaleR
1524 continuous_on_mul_real ~> continuous_on_mult
1525 continuous_on_inner ~> continuous_on_inner [OF continuous_on_const]
1526 continuous_on_norm ~> continuous_on_norm [OF continuous_on_id]
1527 continuous_on_inverse ~> continuous_on_inv
1528 uniformly_continuous_on_neg ~> uniformly_continuous_on_minus
1529 uniformly_continuous_on_sub ~> uniformly_continuous_on_diff
1530 subset_interior ~> interior_mono
1531 subset_closure ~> closure_mono
1532 closure_univ ~> closure_UNIV
1533 real_arch_lt ~> reals_Archimedean2
1534 real_arch ~> reals_Archimedean3
1535 real_abs_norm ~> abs_norm_cancel
1536 real_abs_sub_norm ~> norm_triangle_ineq3
1537 norm_cauchy_schwarz_abs ~> Cauchy_Schwarz_ineq2
1539 * Session HOL-Probability:
1540 - Caratheodory's extension lemma is now proved for ring_of_sets.
1541 - Infinite products of probability measures are now available.
1542 - Sigma closure is independent, if the generator is independent
1543 - Use extended reals instead of positive extended
1544 reals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1546 * Session HOLCF: Discontinued legacy theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
1548 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
1549 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
1550 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
1551 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
1552 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
1553 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
1554 monofun_fun_fun ~> fun_belowD
1555 monofun_fun_arg ~> monofunE
1556 monofun_lub_fun ~> adm_monofun [THEN admD]
1557 cont_lub_fun ~> adm_cont [THEN admD]
1558 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
1559 cont_Rep_CFun_app ~> cont_APP_app
1560 cont_Rep_CFun_app_app ~> cont_APP_app_app
1561 cont_cfun_fun ~> cont_Rep_cfun1 [THEN contE]
1562 cont_cfun_arg ~> cont_Rep_cfun2 [THEN contE]
1563 contlub_cfun ~> lub_APP [symmetric]
1564 contlub_LAM ~> lub_LAM [symmetric]
1567 lift_distinct1 ~> lift.distinct(1)
1568 lift_distinct2 ~> lift.distinct(2)
1569 Def_not_UU ~> lift.distinct(2)
1570 Def_inject ~> lift.inject
1571 below_UU_iff ~> below_bottom_iff
1572 eq_UU_iff ~> eq_bottom_iff
1575 *** Document preparation ***
1577 * Antiquotation @{rail} layouts railroad syntax diagrams, see also
1578 isar-ref manual, both for description and actual application of the
1581 * Antiquotation @{value} evaluates the given term and presents its
1584 * Antiquotations: term style "isub" provides ad-hoc conversion of
1585 variables x1, y23 into subscripted form x\<^isub>1,
1586 y\<^isub>2\<^isub>3.
1588 * Predefined LaTeX macros for Isabelle symbols \<bind> and \<then>
1589 (e.g. see ~~/src/HOL/Library/Monad_Syntax.thy).
1591 * Localized \isabellestyle switch can be used within blocks or groups
1594 \isabellestyle{it} %preferred default
1595 {\isabellestylett @{text "typewriter stuff"}}
1597 * Discontinued special treatment of hard tabulators. Implicit
1598 tab-width is now defined as 1. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY for visual
1604 * The inner syntax of sort/type/term/prop supports inlined YXML
1605 representations within quoted string tokens. By encoding logical
1606 entities via Term_XML (in ML or Scala) concrete syntax can be
1607 bypassed, which is particularly useful for producing bits of text
1608 under external program control.
1610 * Antiquotations for ML and document preparation are managed as theory
1611 data, which requires explicit setup.
1613 * Isabelle_Process.is_active allows tools to check if the official
1614 process wrapper is running (Isabelle/Scala/jEdit) or the old TTY loop
1615 (better known as Proof General).
1617 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
1618 ProofContext is still available for some time as legacy alias.
1620 * Structure Timing provides various operations for timing; supersedes
1621 former start_timing/end_timing etc.
1623 * Path.print is the official way to show file-system paths to users
1624 (including quotes etc.).
1626 * Inner syntax: identifiers in parse trees of generic categories
1627 "logic", "aprop", "idt" etc. carry position information (disguised as
1628 type constraints). Occasional INCOMPATIBILITY with non-compliant
1629 translations that choke on unexpected type constraints. Positions can
1630 be stripped in ML translations via Syntax.strip_positions /
1631 Syntax.strip_positions_ast, or via the syntax constant
1632 "_strip_positions" within parse trees. As last resort, positions can
1633 be disabled via the configuration option Syntax.positions, which is
1634 called "syntax_positions" in Isar attribute syntax.
1636 * Discontinued special status of various ML structures that contribute
1637 to structure Syntax (Ast, Lexicon, Mixfix, Parser, Printer etc.): less
1638 pervasive content, no inclusion in structure Syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY,
1639 refer directly to Ast.Constant, Lexicon.is_identifier,
1640 Syntax_Trans.mk_binder_tr etc.
1642 * Typed print translation: discontinued show_sorts argument, which is
1643 already available via context of "advanced" translation.
1645 * Refined PARALLEL_GOALS tactical: degrades gracefully for schematic
1646 goal states; body tactic needs to address all subgoals uniformly.
1648 * Slightly more special eq_list/eq_set, with shortcut involving
1649 pointer equality (assumes that eq relation is reflexive).
1651 * Classical tactics use proper Proof.context instead of historic types
1652 claset/clasimpset. Old-style declarations like addIs, addEs, addDs
1653 operate directly on Proof.context. Raw type claset retains its use as
1654 snapshot of the classical context, which can be recovered via
1655 (put_claset HOL_cs) etc. Type clasimpset has been discontinued.
1656 INCOMPATIBILITY, classical tactics and derived proof methods require
1657 proper Proof.context.
1662 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.2, which was the last version
1663 without proper multithreading and TimeLimit implementation.
1665 * Discontinued old lib/scripts/polyml-platform, which has been
1666 obsolete since Isabelle2009-2.
1668 * Various optional external tools are referenced more robustly and
1669 uniformly by explicit Isabelle settings as follows:
1671 ISABELLE_CSDP (formerly CSDP_EXE)
1672 ISABELLE_GHC (formerly EXEC_GHC or GHC_PATH)
1673 ISABELLE_OCAML (formerly EXEC_OCAML)
1674 ISABELLE_SWIPL (formerly EXEC_SWIPL)
1675 ISABELLE_YAP (formerly EXEC_YAP)
1677 Note that automated detection from the file-system or search path has
1678 been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1680 * Scala layer provides JVM method invocation service for static
1681 methods of type (String)String, see Invoke_Scala.method in ML. For
1684 Invoke_Scala.method "java.lang.System.getProperty" "java.home"
1686 Together with YXML.string_of_body/parse_body and XML.Encode/Decode
1687 this allows to pass structured values between ML and Scala.
1689 * The IsabelleText fonts includes some further glyphs to support the
1690 Prover IDE. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: users who happen to have
1691 installed a local copy (which is normally *not* required) need to
1692 delete or update it from ~~/lib/fonts/.
1696 New in Isabelle2011 (January 2011)
1697 ----------------------------------
1701 * Experimental Prover IDE based on Isabelle/Scala and jEdit (see
1702 src/Tools/jEdit). This also serves as IDE for Isabelle/ML, with
1703 useful tooltips and hyperlinks produced from its static analysis. The
1704 bundled component provides an executable Isabelle tool that can be run
1707 Isabelle2011/bin/isabelle jedit
1709 * Significantly improved Isabelle/Isar implementation manual.
1711 * System settings: ISABELLE_HOME_USER now includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER
1712 (and thus refers to something like $HOME/.isabelle/Isabelle2011),
1713 while the default heap location within that directory lacks that extra
1714 suffix. This isolates multiple Isabelle installations from each
1715 other, avoiding problems with old settings in new versions.
1716 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to copy/upgrade old user settings manually.
1718 * Source files are always encoded as UTF-8, instead of old-fashioned
1719 ISO-Latin-1. INCOMPATIBILITY. Isabelle LaTeX documents might require
1720 the following package declarations:
1722 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
1723 \usepackage{textcomp}
1725 * Explicit treatment of UTF-8 sequences as Isabelle symbols, such that
1726 a Unicode character is treated as a single symbol, not a sequence of
1727 non-ASCII bytes as before. Since Isabelle/ML string literals may
1728 contain symbols without further backslash escapes, Unicode can now be
1729 used here as well. Recall that Symbol.explode in ML provides a
1730 consistent view on symbols, while raw explode (or String.explode)
1731 merely give a byte-oriented representation.
1733 * Theory loader: source files are primarily located via the master
1734 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
1735 The global load path is still partially available as legacy feature.
1736 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY due to subtle change in file lookup: use
1737 explicit paths, relatively to the theory.
1739 * Special treatment of ML file names has been discontinued.
1740 Historically, optional extensions .ML or .sml were added on demand --
1741 at the cost of clarity of file dependencies. Recall that Isabelle/ML
1742 files exclusively use the .ML extension. Minor INCOMPATIBILTY.
1744 * Various options that affect pretty printing etc. are now properly
1745 handled within the context via configuration options, instead of
1746 unsynchronized references or print modes. There are both ML Config.T
1747 entities and Isar declaration attributes to access these.
1749 ML (Config.T) Isar (attribute)
1751 eta_contract eta_contract
1752 show_brackets show_brackets
1753 show_sorts show_sorts
1754 show_types show_types
1755 show_question_marks show_question_marks
1756 show_consts show_consts
1757 show_abbrevs show_abbrevs
1759 Syntax.ast_trace syntax_ast_trace
1760 Syntax.ast_stat syntax_ast_stat
1761 Syntax.ambiguity_level syntax_ambiguity_level
1763 Goal_Display.goals_limit goals_limit
1764 Goal_Display.show_main_goal show_main_goal
1766 Method.rule_trace rule_trace
1768 Thy_Output.display thy_output_display
1769 Thy_Output.quotes thy_output_quotes
1770 Thy_Output.indent thy_output_indent
1771 Thy_Output.source thy_output_source
1772 Thy_Output.break thy_output_break
1774 Note that corresponding "..._default" references in ML may only be
1775 changed globally at the ROOT session setup, but *not* within a theory.
1776 The option "show_abbrevs" supersedes the former print mode
1777 "no_abbrevs" with inverted meaning.
1779 * More systematic naming of some configuration options.
1782 trace_simp ~> simp_trace
1783 debug_simp ~> simp_debug
1785 * Support for real valued configuration options, using simplistic
1786 floating-point notation that coincides with the inner syntax for
1789 * Support for real valued preferences (with approximative PGIP type):
1790 front-ends need to accept "pgint" values in float notation.
1793 * The IsabelleText font now includes Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic from
1796 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.0 and 5.1 versions.
1801 * Command 'type_synonym' (with single argument) replaces somewhat
1802 outdated 'types', which is still available as legacy feature for some
1805 * Command 'nonterminal' (with 'and' separated list of arguments)
1806 replaces somewhat outdated 'nonterminals'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1808 * Command 'notepad' replaces former 'example_proof' for
1809 experimentation in Isar without any result. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1811 * Locale interpretation commands 'interpret' and 'sublocale' accept
1812 lists of equations to map definitions in a locale to appropriate
1813 entities in the context of the interpretation. The 'interpretation'
1814 command already provided this functionality.
1816 * Diagnostic command 'print_dependencies' prints the locale instances
1817 that would be activated if the specified expression was interpreted in
1818 the current context. Variant "print_dependencies!" assumes a context
1819 without interpretations.
1821 * Diagnostic command 'print_interps' prints interpretations in proofs
1822 in addition to interpretations in theories.
1824 * Discontinued obsolete 'global' and 'local' commands to manipulate
1825 the theory name space. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY. The ML functions
1826 Sign.root_path and Sign.local_path may be applied directly where this
1827 feature is still required for historical reasons.
1829 * Discontinued obsolete 'constdefs' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
1830 'definition' instead.
1832 * The "prems" fact, which refers to the accidental collection of
1833 foundational premises in the context, is now explicitly marked as
1834 legacy feature and will be discontinued soon. Consider using "assms"
1835 of the head statement or reference facts by explicit names.
1837 * Document antiquotations @{class} and @{type} print classes and type
1840 * Document antiquotation @{file} checks file/directory entries within
1841 the local file system.
1846 * Coercive subtyping: functions can be declared as coercions and type
1847 inference will add them as necessary upon input of a term. Theory
1848 Complex_Main declares real :: nat => real and real :: int => real as
1849 coercions. A coercion function f is declared like this:
1851 declare [[coercion f]]
1853 To lift coercions through type constructors (e.g. from nat => real to
1854 nat list => real list), map functions can be declared, e.g.
1856 declare [[coercion_map map]]
1858 Currently coercion inference is activated only in theories including
1859 real numbers, i.e. descendants of Complex_Main. This is controlled by
1860 the configuration option "coercion_enabled", e.g. it can be enabled in
1861 other theories like this:
1863 declare [[coercion_enabled]]
1865 * Command 'partial_function' provides basic support for recursive
1866 function definitions over complete partial orders. Concrete instances
1867 are provided for i) the option type, ii) tail recursion on arbitrary
1868 types, and iii) the heap monad of Imperative_HOL. See
1869 src/HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy and src/HOL/Imperative_HOL/ex/Linked_Lists.thy
1872 * Function package: f.psimps rules are no longer implicitly declared
1873 as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1875 * Datatype package: theorems generated for executable equality (class
1876 "eq") carry proper names and are treated as default code equations.
1878 * Inductive package: now offers command 'inductive_simps' to
1879 automatically derive instantiated and simplified equations for
1880 inductive predicates, similar to 'inductive_cases'.
1882 * Command 'enriched_type' allows to register properties of the
1883 functorial structure of types.
1885 * Improved infrastructure for term evaluation using code generator
1886 techniques, in particular static evaluation conversions.
1888 * Code generator: Scala (2.8 or higher) has been added to the target
1891 * Code generator: globbing constant expressions "*" and "Theory.*"
1892 have been replaced by the more idiomatic "_" and "Theory._".
1895 * Code generator: export_code without explicit file declaration prints
1896 to standard output. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1898 * Code generator: do not print function definitions for case
1899 combinators any longer.
1901 * Code generator: simplification with rules determined with
1902 src/Tools/Code/code_simp.ML and method "code_simp".
1904 * Code generator for records: more idiomatic representation of record
1905 types. Warning: records are not covered by ancient SML code
1906 generation any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY. In cases of need, a suitable
1907 rep_datatype declaration helps to succeed then:
1911 rep_datatype foo_ext ...
1913 * Records: logical foundation type for records does not carry a
1914 '_type' suffix any longer (obsolete due to authentic syntax).
1917 * Quickcheck now by default uses exhaustive testing instead of random
1918 testing. Random testing can be invoked by "quickcheck [random]",
1919 exhaustive testing by "quickcheck [exhaustive]".
1921 * Quickcheck instantiates polymorphic types with small finite
1922 datatypes by default. This enables a simple execution mechanism to
1923 handle quantifiers and function equality over the finite datatypes.
1925 * Quickcheck random generator has been renamed from "code" to
1926 "random". INCOMPATIBILITY.
1928 * Quickcheck now has a configurable time limit which is set to 30
1929 seconds by default. This can be changed by adding [timeout = n] to the
1930 quickcheck command. The time limit for Auto Quickcheck is still set
1933 * Quickcheck in locales considers interpretations of that locale for
1934 counter example search.
1937 - Added "smt" and "remote_smt" provers based on the "smt" proof
1938 method. See the Sledgehammer manual for details ("isabelle doc
1941 sledgehammer atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_provers
1942 sledgehammer atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_provers
1943 sledgehammer available_atps ~> sledgehammer available_provers
1946 sledgehammer [atps = ...] ~> sledgehammer [provers = ...]
1947 sledgehammer [atp = ...] ~> sledgehammer [prover = ...]
1948 sledgehammer [timeout = 77 s] ~> sledgehammer [timeout = 77]
1949 (and "ms" and "min" are no longer supported)
1954 nitpick [timeout = 77 s] ~> nitpick [timeout = 77]
1955 nitpick [tac_timeout = 777 ms] ~> nitpick [tac_timeout = 0.777]
1957 - Added support for partial quotient types.
1958 - Added local versions of the "Nitpick.register_xxx" functions.
1959 - Added "whack" option.
1960 - Allow registration of quotient types as codatatypes.
1961 - Improved "merge_type_vars" option to merge more types.
1962 - Removed unsound "fast_descrs" option.
1963 - Added custom symmetry breaking for datatypes, making it possible to reach
1964 higher cardinalities.
1965 - Prevent the expansion of too large definitions.
1967 * Proof methods "metis" and "meson" now have configuration options
1968 "meson_trace", "metis_trace", and "metis_verbose" that can be enabled
1969 to diagnose these tools. E.g.
1971 using [[metis_trace = true]]
1973 * Auto Solve: Renamed "Auto Solve Direct". The tool is now available
1974 manually as command 'solve_direct'.
1976 * The default SMT solver Z3 must be enabled explicitly (due to
1977 licensing issues) by setting the environment variable
1978 Z3_NON_COMMERCIAL in etc/settings of the component, for example. For
1979 commercial applications, the SMT solver CVC3 is provided as fall-back;
1980 changing the SMT solver is done via the configuration option
1983 * Remote SMT solvers need to be referred to by the "remote_" prefix,
1984 i.e. "remote_cvc3" and "remote_z3".
1986 * Added basic SMT support for datatypes, records, and typedefs using
1987 the oracle mode (no proofs). Direct support of pairs has been dropped
1988 in exchange (pass theorems fst_conv snd_conv pair_collapse to the SMT
1989 support for a similar behavior). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1991 * Changed SMT configuration options:
1993 z3_proofs ~> smt_oracle (with inverted meaning)
1994 z3_trace_assms ~> smt_trace_used_facts
2007 * Boogie output files (.b2i files) need to be declared in the theory
2010 * Simplification procedure "list_to_set_comprehension" rewrites list
2011 comprehensions applied to List.set to set comprehensions. Occasional
2012 INCOMPATIBILITY, may be deactivated like this:
2014 declare [[simproc del: list_to_set_comprehension]]
2016 * Removed old version of primrec package. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2018 * Removed simplifier congruence rule of "prod_case", as has for long
2019 been the case with "split". INCOMPATIBILITY.
2021 * String.literal is a type, but not a datatype. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2023 * Removed [split_format ... and ... and ...] version of
2024 [split_format]. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
2026 * Predicate "sorted" now defined inductively, with nice induction
2027 rules. INCOMPATIBILITY: former sorted.simps now named sorted_simps.
2029 * Constant "contents" renamed to "the_elem", to free the generic name
2030 contents for other uses. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2032 * Renamed class eq and constant eq (for code generation) to class
2033 equal and constant equal, plus renaming of related facts and various
2034 tuning. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2036 * Dropped type classes mult_mono and mult_mono1. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2038 * Removed output syntax "'a ~=> 'b" for "'a => 'b option".
2041 * Renamed theory Fset to Cset, type Fset.fset to Cset.set, in order to
2042 avoid confusion with finite sets. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2044 * Abandoned locales equiv, congruent and congruent2 for equivalence
2045 relations. INCOMPATIBILITY: use equivI rather than equiv_intro (same
2048 * Some previously unqualified names have been qualified:
2055 Trueprop ~> HOL.Trueprop
2060 op --> ~> HOL.implies
2072 Pair ~> Product_Type.Pair
2073 fst ~> Product_Type.fst
2074 snd ~> Product_Type.snd
2075 curry ~> Product_Type.curry
2077 Collect ~> Set.Collect
2081 * More canonical naming convention for some fundamental definitions:
2083 bot_bool_eq ~> bot_bool_def
2084 top_bool_eq ~> top_bool_def
2085 inf_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_def
2086 sup_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_def
2087 bot_fun_eq ~> bot_fun_def
2088 top_fun_eq ~> top_fun_def
2089 inf_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_def
2090 sup_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_def
2094 * More stylized fact names:
2096 expand_fun_eq ~> fun_eq_iff
2097 expand_set_eq ~> set_eq_iff
2099 nat_number ~> eval_nat_numeral
2103 * Refactoring of code-generation specific operations in theory List:
2109 mem_iff ~> member_def
2110 null_empty ~> null_def
2112 INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that these were not supposed to be used
2113 regularly unless for striking reasons; their main purpose was code
2116 Various operations from the Haskell prelude are used for generating
2119 * Term "bij f" is now an abbreviation of "bij_betw f UNIV UNIV". Term
2120 "surj f" is now an abbreviation of "range f = UNIV". The theorems
2121 bij_def and surj_def are unchanged. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2123 * Abolished some non-alphabetic type names: "prod" and "sum" replace
2124 "*" and "+" respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2126 * Name "Plus" of disjoint sum operator "<+>" is now hidden. Write
2127 "Sum_Type.Plus" instead.
2129 * Constant "split" has been merged with constant "prod_case"; names of
2130 ML functions, facts etc. involving split have been retained so far,
2131 though. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2133 * Dropped old infix syntax "_ mem _" for List.member; use "_ : set _"
2134 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2136 * Removed lemma "Option.is_none_none" which duplicates "is_none_def".
2139 * Former theory Library/Enum is now part of the HOL-Main image.
2140 INCOMPATIBILITY: all constants of the Enum theory now have to be
2141 referred to by its qualified name.
2144 nlists ~> Enum.nlists
2145 product ~> Enum.product
2147 * Theory Library/Monad_Syntax provides do-syntax for monad types.
2148 Syntax in Library/State_Monad has been changed to avoid ambiguities.
2151 * Theory Library/SetsAndFunctions has been split into
2152 Library/Function_Algebras and Library/Set_Algebras; canonical names
2153 for instance definitions for functions; various improvements.
2156 * Theory Library/Multiset provides stable quicksort implementation of
2159 * Theory Library/Multiset: renamed empty_idemp ~> empty_neutral.
2162 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: introduced a type class for euclidean
2163 space. Most theorems are now stated in terms of euclidean spaces
2164 instead of finite cartesian products.
2167 real ^ 'n ~> 'a::real_vector
2168 ~> 'a::euclidean_space
2169 ~> 'a::ordered_euclidean_space
2170 (depends on your needs)
2174 \<chi> x. _ ~> \<chi>\<chi> x. _
2177 Also note that the indices are now natural numbers and not from some
2178 finite type. Finite cartesian products of euclidean spaces, products
2179 of euclidean spaces the real and complex numbers are instantiated to
2180 be euclidean_spaces. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2182 * Session Probability: introduced pextreal as positive extended real
2183 numbers. Use pextreal as value for measures. Introduce the
2184 Radon-Nikodym derivative, product spaces and Fubini's theorem for
2185 arbitrary sigma finite measures. Introduces Lebesgue measure based on
2186 the integral in Multivariate Analysis. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2188 * Session Imperative_HOL: revamped, corrected dozens of inadequacies.
2191 * Session SPARK (with image HOL-SPARK) provides commands to load and
2192 prove verification conditions generated by the SPARK Ada program
2193 verifier. See also src/HOL/SPARK and src/HOL/SPARK/Examples.
2198 * Theorems for additive ring operations (locale abelian_monoid and
2199 descendants) are generated by interpretation from their multiplicative
2200 counterparts. Names (in particular theorem names) have the mandatory
2201 qualifier 'add'. Previous theorem names are redeclared for
2204 * Structure "int_ring" is now an abbreviation (previously a
2205 definition). This fits more natural with advanced interpretations.
2210 * The domain package now runs in definitional mode by default: The
2211 former command 'new_domain' is now called 'domain'. To use the domain
2212 package in its original axiomatic mode, use 'domain (unsafe)'.
2215 * The new class "domain" is now the default sort. Class "predomain"
2216 is an unpointed version of "domain". Theories can be updated by
2217 replacing sort annotations as shown below. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2219 'a::type ~> 'a::countable
2220 'a::cpo ~> 'a::predomain
2221 'a::pcpo ~> 'a::domain
2223 * The old type class "rep" has been superseded by class "domain".
2224 Accordingly, users of the definitional package must remove any
2225 "default_sort rep" declarations. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2227 * The domain package (definitional mode) now supports unpointed
2228 predomain argument types, as long as they are marked 'lazy'. (Strict
2229 arguments must be in class "domain".) For example, the following
2230 domain definition now works:
2232 domain natlist = nil | cons (lazy "nat discr") (lazy "natlist")
2234 * Theory HOLCF/Library/HOL_Cpo provides cpo and predomain class
2235 instances for types from main HOL: bool, nat, int, char, 'a + 'b,
2236 'a option, and 'a list. Additionally, it configures fixrec and the
2237 domain package to work with these types. For example:
2239 fixrec isInl :: "('a + 'b) u -> tr"
2240 where "isInl$(up$(Inl x)) = TT" | "isInl$(up$(Inr y)) = FF"
2242 domain V = VFun (lazy "V -> V") | VCon (lazy "nat") (lazy "V list")
2244 * The "(permissive)" option of fixrec has been replaced with a
2245 per-equation "(unchecked)" option. See
2246 src/HOL/HOLCF/Tutorial/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2248 * The "bifinite" class no longer fixes a constant "approx"; the class
2249 now just asserts that such a function exists. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2251 * Former type "alg_defl" has been renamed to "defl". HOLCF no longer
2252 defines an embedding of type 'a defl into udom by default; instances
2253 of "bifinite" and "domain" classes are available in
2254 src/HOL/HOLCF/Library/Defl_Bifinite.thy.
2256 * The syntax "REP('a)" has been replaced with "DEFL('a)".
2258 * The predicate "directed" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2260 * The type class "finite_po" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2262 * The function "cprod_map" has been renamed to "prod_map".
2265 * The monadic bind operator on each powerdomain has new binder syntax
2266 similar to sets, e.g. "\<Union>\<sharp>x\<in>xs. t" represents
2267 "upper_bind\<cdot>xs\<cdot>(\<Lambda> x. t)".
2269 * The infix syntax for binary union on each powerdomain has changed
2270 from e.g. "+\<sharp>" to "\<union>\<sharp>", for consistency with set
2271 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2273 * The constant "UU" has been renamed to "bottom". The syntax "UU" is
2274 still supported as an input translation.
2276 * Renamed some theorems (the original names are also still available).
2278 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
2279 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
2280 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
2281 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
2282 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
2283 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
2284 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
2286 * The Abs and Rep functions for various types have changed names.
2287 Related theorem names have also changed to match. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2289 Rep_CFun ~> Rep_cfun
2290 Abs_CFun ~> Abs_cfun
2291 Rep_Sprod ~> Rep_sprod
2292 Abs_Sprod ~> Abs_sprod
2293 Rep_Ssum ~> Rep_ssum
2294 Abs_Ssum ~> Abs_ssum
2296 * Lemmas with names of the form *_defined_iff or *_strict_iff have
2297 been renamed to *_bottom_iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2299 * Various changes to bisimulation/coinduction with domain package:
2301 - Definitions of "bisim" constants no longer mention definedness.
2302 - With mutual recursion, "bisim" predicate is now curried.
2303 - With mutual recursion, each type gets a separate coind theorem.
2304 - Variable names in bisim_def and coinduct rules have changed.
2308 * Case combinators generated by the domain package for type "foo" are
2309 now named "foo_case" instead of "foo_when". INCOMPATIBILITY.
2311 * Several theorems have been renamed to more accurately reflect the
2312 names of constants and types involved. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2314 thelub_const ~> lub_const
2315 lub_const ~> is_lub_const
2317 is_lub_lub ~> is_lubD2
2319 unique_lub ~> is_lub_unique
2320 is_ub_lub ~> is_lub_rangeD1
2321 lub_bin_chain ~> is_lub_bin_chain
2322 lub_fun ~> is_lub_fun
2323 thelub_fun ~> lub_fun
2324 thelub_cfun ~> lub_cfun
2325 thelub_Pair ~> lub_Pair
2326 lub_cprod ~> is_lub_prod
2327 thelub_cprod ~> lub_prod
2328 minimal_cprod ~> minimal_prod
2329 inst_cprod_pcpo ~> inst_prod_pcpo
2331 compact_UU ~> compact_bottom
2332 deflation_UU ~> deflation_bottom
2333 finite_deflation_UU ~> finite_deflation_bottom
2335 * Many legacy theorem names have been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2337 sq_ord_less_eq_trans ~> below_eq_trans
2338 sq_ord_eq_less_trans ~> eq_below_trans
2339 refl_less ~> below_refl
2340 trans_less ~> below_trans
2341 antisym_less ~> below_antisym
2342 antisym_less_inverse ~> po_eq_conv [THEN iffD1]
2343 box_less ~> box_below
2344 rev_trans_less ~> rev_below_trans
2345 not_less2not_eq ~> not_below2not_eq
2346 less_UU_iff ~> below_UU_iff
2347 flat_less_iff ~> flat_below_iff
2348 adm_less ~> adm_below
2349 adm_not_less ~> adm_not_below
2350 adm_compact_not_less ~> adm_compact_not_below
2351 less_fun_def ~> below_fun_def
2352 expand_fun_less ~> fun_below_iff
2353 less_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
2354 less_discr_def ~> below_discr_def
2355 discr_less_eq ~> discr_below_eq
2356 less_unit_def ~> below_unit_def
2357 less_cprod_def ~> below_prod_def
2358 prod_lessI ~> prod_belowI
2359 Pair_less_iff ~> Pair_below_iff
2360 fst_less_iff ~> fst_below_iff
2361 snd_less_iff ~> snd_below_iff
2362 expand_cfun_less ~> cfun_below_iff
2363 less_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
2364 injection_less ~> injection_below
2365 less_up_def ~> below_up_def
2366 not_Iup_less ~> not_Iup_below
2367 Iup_less ~> Iup_below
2369 Def_inject_less_eq ~> Def_below_Def
2370 Def_less_is_eq ~> Def_below_iff
2371 spair_less_iff ~> spair_below_iff
2372 less_sprod ~> below_sprod
2373 spair_less ~> spair_below
2374 sfst_less_iff ~> sfst_below_iff
2375 ssnd_less_iff ~> ssnd_below_iff
2376 fix_least_less ~> fix_least_below
2377 dist_less_one ~> dist_below_one
2378 less_ONE ~> below_ONE
2379 ONE_less_iff ~> ONE_below_iff
2380 less_sinlD ~> below_sinlD
2381 less_sinrD ~> below_sinrD
2386 * All constant names are now qualified internally and use proper
2387 identifiers, e.g. "IFOL.eq" instead of "op =". INCOMPATIBILITY.
2392 * Antiquotation @{assert} inlines a function bool -> unit that raises
2393 Fail if the argument is false. Due to inlining the source position of
2394 failed assertions is included in the error output.
2396 * Discontinued antiquotation @{theory_ref}, which is obsolete since ML
2397 text is in practice always evaluated with a stable theory checkpoint.
2398 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use (Theory.check_thy @{theory}) instead.
2400 * Antiquotation @{theory A} refers to theory A from the ancestry of
2401 the current context, not any accidental theory loader state as before.
2402 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, subtle change in semantics.
2404 * Syntax.pretty_priority (default 0) configures the required priority
2405 of pretty-printed output and thus affects insertion of parentheses.
2407 * Syntax.default_root (default "any") configures the inner syntax
2408 category (nonterminal symbol) for parsing of terms.
2410 * Former exception Library.UnequalLengths now coincides with
2411 ListPair.UnequalLengths.
2413 * Renamed structure MetaSimplifier to Raw_Simplifier. Note that the
2414 main functionality is provided by structure Simplifier.
2416 * Renamed raw "explode" function to "raw_explode" to emphasize its
2417 meaning. Note that internally to Isabelle, Symbol.explode is used in
2418 almost all situations.
2420 * Discontinued obsolete function sys_error and exception SYS_ERROR.
2421 See implementation manual for further details on exceptions in
2424 * Renamed setmp_noncritical to Unsynchronized.setmp to emphasize its
2427 * Renamed structure PureThy to Pure_Thy and moved most of its
2428 operations to structure Global_Theory, to emphasize that this is
2429 rarely-used global-only stuff.
2431 * Discontinued Output.debug. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use plain writeln
2432 instead (or tracing for high-volume output).
2434 * Configuration option show_question_marks only affects regular pretty
2435 printing of types and terms, not raw Term.string_of_vname.
2437 * ML_Context.thm and ML_Context.thms are no longer pervasive. Rare
2438 INCOMPATIBILITY, superseded by static antiquotations @{thm} and
2439 @{thms} for most purposes.
2441 * ML structure Unsynchronized is never opened, not even in Isar
2442 interaction mode as before. Old Unsynchronized.set etc. have been
2443 discontinued -- use plain := instead. This should be *rare* anyway,
2444 since modern tools always work via official context data, notably
2445 configuration options.
2447 * Parallel and asynchronous execution requires special care concerning
2448 interrupts. Structure Exn provides some convenience functions that
2449 avoid working directly with raw Interrupt. User code must not absorb
2450 interrupts -- intermediate handling (for cleanup etc.) needs to be
2451 followed by re-raising of the original exception. Another common
2452 source of mistakes are "handle _" patterns, which make the meaning of
2453 the program subject to physical effects of the environment.
2457 New in Isabelle2009-2 (June 2010)
2458 ---------------------------------
2462 * Authentic syntax for *all* logical entities (type classes, type
2463 constructors, term constants): provides simple and robust
2464 correspondence between formal entities and concrete syntax. Within
2465 the parse tree / AST representations, "constants" are decorated by
2466 their category (class, type, const) and spelled out explicitly with
2467 their full internal name.
2469 Substantial INCOMPATIBILITY concerning low-level syntax declarations
2470 and translations (translation rules and translation functions in ML).
2471 Some hints on upgrading:
2473 - Many existing uses of 'syntax' and 'translations' can be replaced
2474 by more modern 'type_notation', 'notation' and 'abbreviation',
2475 which are independent of this issue.
2477 - 'translations' require markup within the AST; the term syntax
2478 provides the following special forms:
2480 CONST c -- produces syntax version of constant c from context
2481 XCONST c -- literally c, checked as constant from context
2482 c -- literally c, if declared by 'syntax'
2484 Plain identifiers are treated as AST variables -- occasionally the
2485 system indicates accidental variables via the error "rhs contains
2488 Type classes and type constructors are marked according to their
2489 concrete syntax. Some old translations rules need to be written
2490 for the "type" category, using type constructor application
2491 instead of pseudo-term application of the default category
2494 - 'parse_translation' etc. in ML may use the following
2497 @{class_syntax c} -- type class c within parse tree / AST
2498 @{term_syntax c} -- type constructor c within parse tree / AST
2499 @{const_syntax c} -- ML version of "CONST c" above
2500 @{syntax_const c} -- literally c (checked wrt. 'syntax' declarations)
2502 - Literal types within 'typed_print_translations', i.e. those *not*
2503 represented as pseudo-terms are represented verbatim. Use @{class
2504 c} or @{type_name c} here instead of the above syntax
2507 Note that old non-authentic syntax was based on unqualified base
2508 names, so all of the above "constant" names would coincide. Recall
2509 that 'print_syntax' and ML_command "set Syntax.trace_ast" help to
2510 diagnose syntax problems.
2512 * Type constructors admit general mixfix syntax, not just infix.
2514 * Concrete syntax may be attached to local entities without a proof
2515 body, too. This works via regular mixfix annotations for 'fix',
2516 'def', 'obtain' etc. or via the explicit 'write' command, which is
2517 similar to the 'notation' command in theory specifications.
2519 * Discontinued unnamed infix syntax (legacy feature for many years) --
2520 need to specify constant name and syntax separately. Internal ML
2521 datatype constructors have been renamed from InfixName to Infix etc.
2522 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2524 * Schematic theorem statements need to be explicitly markup as such,
2525 via commands 'schematic_lemma', 'schematic_theorem',
2526 'schematic_corollary'. Thus the relevance of the proof is made
2527 syntactically clear, which impacts performance in a parallel or
2528 asynchronous interactive environment. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2530 * Use of cumulative prems via "!" in some proof methods has been
2531 discontinued (old legacy feature).
2533 * References 'trace_simp' and 'debug_simp' have been replaced by
2534 configuration options stored in the context. Enabling tracing (the
2535 case of debugging is similar) in proofs works via
2537 using [[trace_simp = true]]
2539 Tracing is then active for all invocations of the simplifier in
2540 subsequent goal refinement steps. Tracing may also still be enabled or
2541 disabled via the ProofGeneral settings menu.
2543 * Separate commands 'hide_class', 'hide_type', 'hide_const',
2544 'hide_fact' replace the former 'hide' KIND command. Minor
2547 * Improved parallelism of proof term normalization: usedir -p2 -q0 is
2548 more efficient than combinations with -q1 or -q2.
2553 * Proofterms record type-class reasoning explicitly, using the
2554 "unconstrain" operation internally. This eliminates all sort
2555 constraints from a theorem and proof, introducing explicit
2556 OFCLASS-premises. On the proof term level, this operation is
2557 automatically applied at theorem boundaries, such that closed proofs
2558 are always free of sort constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools that
2559 inspect proof terms.
2561 * Local theory specifications may depend on extra type variables that
2562 are not present in the result type -- arguments TYPE('a) :: 'a itself
2563 are added internally. For example:
2565 definition unitary :: bool where "unitary = (ALL (x::'a) y. x = y)"
2567 * Predicates of locales introduced by classes carry a mandatory
2568 "class" prefix. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2570 * Vacuous class specifications observe default sort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2572 * Old 'axclass' command has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
2575 * Command 'code_reflect' allows to incorporate generated ML code into
2576 runtime environment; replaces immature code_datatype antiquotation.
2579 * Code generator: simple concept for abstract datatypes obeying
2582 * Code generator: details of internal data cache have no impact on the
2583 user space functionality any longer.
2585 * Methods "unfold_locales" and "intro_locales" ignore non-locale
2586 subgoals. This is more appropriate for interpretations with 'where'.
2589 * Command 'example_proof' opens an empty proof body. This allows to
2590 experiment with Isar, without producing any persistent result.
2592 * Commands 'type_notation' and 'no_type_notation' declare type syntax
2593 within a local theory context, with explicit checking of the
2594 constructors involved (in contrast to the raw 'syntax' versions).
2596 * Commands 'types' and 'typedecl' now work within a local theory
2597 context -- without introducing dependencies on parameters or
2598 assumptions, which is not possible in Isabelle/Pure.
2600 * Command 'defaultsort' has been renamed to 'default_sort', it works
2601 within a local theory context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2606 * Command 'typedef' now works within a local theory context -- without
2607 introducing dependencies on parameters or assumptions, which is not
2608 possible in Isabelle/Pure/HOL. Note that the logical environment may
2609 contain multiple interpretations of local typedefs (with different
2610 non-emptiness proofs), even in a global theory context.
2612 * New package for quotient types. Commands 'quotient_type' and
2613 'quotient_definition' may be used for defining types and constants by
2614 quotient constructions. An example is the type of integers created by
2615 quotienting pairs of natural numbers:
2618 intrel :: "(nat * nat) => (nat * nat) => bool"
2620 "intrel (x, y) (u, v) = (x + v = u + y)"
2622 quotient_type int = "nat * nat" / intrel
2623 by (auto simp add: equivp_def expand_fun_eq)
2626 "0::int" is "(0::nat, 0::nat)"
2628 The method "lifting" can be used to lift of theorems from the
2629 underlying "raw" type to the quotient type. The example
2630 src/HOL/Quotient_Examples/FSet.thy includes such a quotient
2631 construction and provides a reasoning infrastructure for finite sets.
2633 * Renamed Library/Quotient.thy to Library/Quotient_Type.thy to avoid
2634 clash with new theory Quotient in Main HOL.
2636 * Moved the SMT binding into the main HOL session, eliminating
2637 separate HOL-SMT session.
2639 * List membership infix mem operation is only an input abbreviation.
2642 * Theory Library/Word.thy has been removed. Use library Word/Word.thy
2643 for future developements; former Library/Word.thy is still present in
2644 the AFP entry RSAPPS.
2646 * Theorem Int.int_induct renamed to Int.int_of_nat_induct and is no
2647 longer shadowed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2649 * Dropped theorem duplicate comp_arith; use semiring_norm instead.
2652 * Dropped theorem RealPow.real_sq_order; use power2_le_imp_le instead.
2655 * Dropped normalizing_semiring etc; use the facts in semiring classes
2656 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2658 * Dropped several real-specific versions of lemmas about floor and
2659 ceiling; use the generic lemmas from theory "Archimedean_Field"
2660 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2662 floor_number_of_eq ~> floor_number_of
2663 le_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_floor
2664 le_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_le_floor
2665 le_floor_eq_one ~> one_le_floor
2666 floor_less_eq_number_of ~> floor_less_number_of
2667 floor_less_eq_zero ~> floor_less_zero
2668 floor_less_eq_one ~> floor_less_one
2669 less_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_floor
2670 less_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_less_floor
2671 less_floor_eq_one ~> one_less_floor
2672 floor_le_eq_number_of ~> floor_le_number_of
2673 floor_le_eq_zero ~> floor_le_zero
2674 floor_le_eq_one ~> floor_le_one
2675 floor_subtract_number_of ~> floor_diff_number_of
2676 floor_subtract_one ~> floor_diff_one
2677 ceiling_number_of_eq ~> ceiling_number_of
2678 ceiling_le_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_le_number_of
2679 ceiling_le_zero_eq ~> ceiling_le_zero
2680 ceiling_le_eq_one ~> ceiling_le_one
2681 less_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_ceiling
2682 less_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_less_ceiling
2683 less_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_less_ceiling
2684 ceiling_less_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_less_number_of
2685 ceiling_less_eq_zero ~> ceiling_less_zero
2686 ceiling_less_eq_one ~> ceiling_less_one
2687 le_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_ceiling
2688 le_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_le_ceiling
2689 le_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_le_ceiling
2690 ceiling_subtract_number_of ~> ceiling_diff_number_of
2691 ceiling_subtract_one ~> ceiling_diff_one
2693 * Theory "Finite_Set": various folding_XXX locales facilitate the
2694 application of the various fold combinators on finite sets.
2696 * Library theory "RBT" renamed to "RBT_Impl"; new library theory "RBT"
2697 provides abstract red-black tree type which is backed by "RBT_Impl" as
2698 implementation. INCOMPATIBILTY.
2700 * Theory Library/Coinductive_List has been removed -- superseded by
2701 AFP/thys/Coinductive.
2703 * Theory PReal, including the type "preal" and related operations, has
2704 been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2706 * Real: new development using Cauchy Sequences.
2708 * Split off theory "Big_Operators" containing setsum, setprod,
2709 Inf_fin, Sup_fin, Min, Max from theory Finite_Set. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2711 * Theory "Rational" renamed to "Rat", for consistency with "Nat",
2712 "Int" etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2714 * Constant Rat.normalize needs to be qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2716 * New set of rules "ac_simps" provides combined assoc / commute
2717 rewrites for all interpretations of the appropriate generic locales.
2719 * Renamed theory "OrderedGroup" to "Groups" and split theory
2720 "Ring_and_Field" into theories "Rings" and "Fields"; for more
2721 appropriate and more consistent names suitable for name prefixes
2722 within the HOL theories. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2724 * Some generic constants have been put to appropriate theories:
2725 - less_eq, less: Orderings
2726 - zero, one, plus, minus, uminus, times, abs, sgn: Groups
2727 - inverse, divide: Rings
2730 * More consistent naming of type classes involving orderings (and
2733 lower_semilattice ~> semilattice_inf
2734 upper_semilattice ~> semilattice_sup
2736 dense_linear_order ~> dense_linorder
2738 pordered_ab_group_add ~> ordered_ab_group_add
2739 pordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> ordered_ab_group_add_abs
2740 pordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add
2741 pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le
2742 pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
2743 pordered_cancel_comm_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_comm_semiring
2744 pordered_cancel_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_semiring
2745 pordered_comm_monoid_add ~> ordered_comm_monoid_add
2746 pordered_comm_ring ~> ordered_comm_ring
2747 pordered_comm_semiring ~> ordered_comm_semiring
2748 pordered_ring ~> ordered_ring
2749 pordered_ring_abs ~> ordered_ring_abs
2750 pordered_semiring ~> ordered_semiring
2752 ordered_ab_group_add ~> linordered_ab_group_add
2753 ordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_ab_semigroup_add
2754 ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
2755 ordered_comm_semiring_strict ~> linordered_comm_semiring_strict
2756 ordered_field ~> linordered_field
2757 ordered_field_no_lb ~> linordered_field_no_lb
2758 ordered_field_no_ub ~> linordered_field_no_ub
2759 ordered_field_dense_linear_order ~> dense_linordered_field
2760 ordered_idom ~> linordered_idom
2761 ordered_ring ~> linordered_ring
2762 ordered_ring_le_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_le_cancel_factor
2763 ordered_ring_less_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_less_cancel_factor
2764 ordered_ring_strict ~> linordered_ring_strict
2765 ordered_semidom ~> linordered_semidom
2766 ordered_semiring ~> linordered_semiring
2767 ordered_semiring_1 ~> linordered_semiring_1
2768 ordered_semiring_1_strict ~> linordered_semiring_1_strict
2769 ordered_semiring_strict ~> linordered_semiring_strict
2771 The following slightly odd type classes have been moved to a
2772 separate theory Library/Lattice_Algebras:
2774 lordered_ab_group_add ~> lattice_ab_group_add
2775 lordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> lattice_ab_group_add_abs
2776 lordered_ab_group_add_meet ~> semilattice_inf_ab_group_add
2777 lordered_ab_group_add_join ~> semilattice_sup_ab_group_add
2778 lordered_ring ~> lattice_ring
2782 * Refined field classes:
2783 - classes division_ring_inverse_zero, field_inverse_zero,
2784 linordered_field_inverse_zero include rule inverse 0 = 0 --
2785 subsumes former division_by_zero class;
2786 - numerous lemmas have been ported from field to division_ring.
2789 * Refined algebra theorem collections:
2790 - dropped theorem group group_simps, use algebra_simps instead;
2791 - dropped theorem group ring_simps, use field_simps instead;
2792 - proper theorem collection field_simps subsumes former theorem
2793 groups field_eq_simps and field_simps;
2794 - dropped lemma eq_minus_self_iff which is a duplicate for
2798 * Theory Finite_Set and List: some lemmas have been generalized from
2801 fun_left_comm_idem_inter ~> fun_left_comm_idem_inf
2802 fun_left_comm_idem_union ~> fun_left_comm_idem_sup
2803 inter_Inter_fold_inter ~> inf_Inf_fold_inf
2804 union_Union_fold_union ~> sup_Sup_fold_sup
2805 Inter_fold_inter ~> Inf_fold_inf
2806 Union_fold_union ~> Sup_fold_sup
2807 inter_INTER_fold_inter ~> inf_INFI_fold_inf
2808 union_UNION_fold_union ~> sup_SUPR_fold_sup
2809 INTER_fold_inter ~> INFI_fold_inf
2810 UNION_fold_union ~> SUPR_fold_sup
2812 * Theory "Complete_Lattice": lemmas top_def and bot_def have been
2813 replaced by the more convenient lemmas Inf_empty and Sup_empty.
2814 Dropped lemmas Inf_insert_simp and Sup_insert_simp, which are subsumed
2815 by Inf_insert and Sup_insert. Lemmas Inf_UNIV and Sup_UNIV replace
2816 former Inf_Univ and Sup_Univ. Lemmas inf_top_right and sup_bot_right
2817 subsume inf_top and sup_bot respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2819 * Reorganized theory Multiset: swapped notation of pointwise and
2822 - pointwise ordering is instance of class order with standard syntax
2824 - multiset ordering has syntax <=# and <#; partial order properties
2825 are provided by means of interpretation with prefix
2827 - less duplication, less historical organization of sections,
2828 conversion from associations lists to multisets, rudimentary code
2830 - use insert_DiffM2 [symmetric] instead of elem_imp_eq_diff_union,
2835 multiset_eq_conv_count_eq ~> multiset_ext_iff
2836 multi_count_ext ~> multiset_ext
2837 diff_union_inverse2 ~> diff_union_cancelR
2841 * Theory Permutation: replaced local "remove" by List.remove1.
2843 * Code generation: ML and OCaml code is decorated with signatures.
2845 * Theory List: added transpose.
2847 * Library/Nat_Bijection.thy is a collection of bijective functions
2848 between nat and other types, which supersedes the older libraries
2849 Library/Nat_Int_Bij.thy and HOLCF/NatIso.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2852 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat ~> prod_encode
2853 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2 ~> prod_decode
2854 Nat_Int_Bij.int_to_nat_bij ~> int_encode
2855 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_int_bij ~> int_decode
2856 Countable.pair_encode ~> prod_encode
2857 NatIso.prod2nat ~> prod_encode
2858 NatIso.nat2prod ~> prod_decode
2859 NatIso.sum2nat ~> sum_encode
2860 NatIso.nat2sum ~> sum_decode
2861 NatIso.list2nat ~> list_encode
2862 NatIso.nat2list ~> list_decode
2863 NatIso.set2nat ~> set_encode
2864 NatIso.nat2set ~> set_decode
2867 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_decode
2868 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_inj ~> inj_prod_encode
2869 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_surj ~> surj_prod_encode
2870 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_inj ~> inj_prod_decode
2871 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_surj ~> surj_prod_decode
2872 Nat_Int_Bij.i2n_n2i_id ~> int_encode_inverse
2873 Nat_Int_Bij.n2i_i2n_id ~> int_decode_inverse
2874 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_nat_to_int_bij ~> surj_int_encode
2875 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_int_to_nat_bij ~> surj_int_decode
2876 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_nat_to_int_bij ~> inj_int_encode
2877 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_int_to_nat_bij ~> inj_int_decode
2878 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_encode
2879 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_int_to_nat_bij ~> bij_int_decode
2882 - Renamed ATP commands:
2883 atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_atps
2884 atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_atps
2885 atp_messages ~> sledgehammer messages
2886 atp_minimize ~> sledgehammer minimize
2887 print_atps ~> sledgehammer available_atps
2889 - Added user's manual ("isabelle doc sledgehammer").
2890 - Added option syntax and "sledgehammer_params" to customize
2891 Sledgehammer's behavior. See the manual for details.
2892 - Modified the Isar proof reconstruction code so that it produces
2893 direct proofs rather than proofs by contradiction. (This feature
2894 is still experimental.)
2895 - Made Isar proof reconstruction work for SPASS, remote ATPs, and in
2897 - Added support for TPTP syntax for SPASS via the "spass_tptp" ATP.
2900 - Added and implemented "binary_ints" and "bits" options.
2901 - Added "std" option and implemented support for nonstandard models.
2902 - Added and implemented "finitize" option to improve the precision
2903 of infinite datatypes based on a monotonicity analysis.
2904 - Added support for quotient types.
2905 - Added support for "specification" and "ax_specification"
2907 - Added support for local definitions (for "function" and
2908 "termination" proofs).
2909 - Added support for term postprocessors.
2910 - Optimized "Multiset.multiset" and "FinFun.finfun".
2911 - Improved efficiency of "destroy_constrs" optimization.
2912 - Fixed soundness bugs related to "destroy_constrs" optimization and
2914 - Fixed soundness bug related to higher-order constructors.
2915 - Fixed soundness bug when "full_descrs" is enabled.
2916 - Improved precision of set constructs.
2917 - Added "atoms" option.
2918 - Added cache to speed up repeated Kodkod invocations on the same
2920 - Renamed "MiniSatJNI", "zChaffJNI", "BerkMinAlloy", and
2921 "SAT4JLight" to "MiniSat_JNI", "zChaff_JNI", "BerkMin_Alloy", and
2922 "SAT4J_Light". INCOMPATIBILITY.
2923 - Removed "skolemize", "uncurry", "sym_break", "flatten_prop",
2924 "sharing_depth", and "show_skolems" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2925 - Removed "nitpick_intro" attribute. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2927 * Method "induct" now takes instantiations of the form t, where t is not
2928 a variable, as a shorthand for "x == t", where x is a fresh variable.
2929 If this is not intended, t has to be enclosed in parentheses.
2930 By default, the equalities generated by definitional instantiations
2931 are pre-simplified, which may cause parameters of inductive cases
2932 to disappear, or may even delete some of the inductive cases.
2933 Use "induct (no_simp)" instead of "induct" to restore the old
2934 behaviour. The (no_simp) option is also understood by the "cases"
2935 and "nominal_induct" methods, which now perform pre-simplification, too.
2941 * Variable names in lemmas generated by the domain package have
2942 changed; the naming scheme is now consistent with the HOL datatype
2943 package. Some proof scripts may be affected, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2945 * The domain package no longer defines the function "foo_copy" for
2946 recursive domain "foo". The reach lemma is now stated directly in
2947 terms of "foo_take". Lemmas and proofs that mention "foo_copy" must
2948 be reformulated in terms of "foo_take", INCOMPATIBILITY.
2950 * Most definedness lemmas generated by the domain package (previously
2951 of the form "x ~= UU ==> foo$x ~= UU") now have an if-and-only-if form
2952 like "foo$x = UU <-> x = UU", which works better as a simp rule.
2953 Proofs that used definedness lemmas as intro rules may break,
2954 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
2956 * Induction and casedist rules generated by the domain package now
2957 declare proper case_names (one called "bottom", and one named for each
2958 constructor). INCOMPATIBILITY.
2960 * For mutually-recursive domains, separate "reach" and "take_lemma"
2961 rules are generated for each domain, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2963 foo_bar.reach ~> foo.reach bar.reach
2964 foo_bar.take_lemmas ~> foo.take_lemma bar.take_lemma
2966 * Some lemmas generated by the domain package have been renamed for
2967 consistency with the datatype package, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2969 foo.ind ~> foo.induct
2970 foo.finite_ind ~> foo.finite_induct
2971 foo.coind ~> foo.coinduct
2972 foo.casedist ~> foo.exhaust
2973 foo.exhaust ~> foo.nchotomy
2975 * For consistency with other definition packages, the fixrec package
2976 now generates qualified theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2978 foo_simps ~> foo.simps
2979 foo_unfold ~> foo.unfold
2980 foo_induct ~> foo.induct
2982 * The "fixrec_simp" attribute has been removed. The "fixrec_simp"
2983 method and internal fixrec proofs now use the default simpset instead.
2986 * The "contlub" predicate has been removed. Proof scripts should use
2987 lemma contI2 in place of monocontlub2cont, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2989 * The "admw" predicate has been removed, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2991 * The constants cpair, cfst, and csnd have been removed in favor of
2992 Pair, fst, and snd from Isabelle/HOL, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2997 * Antiquotations for basic formal entities:
2999 @{class NAME} -- type class
3000 @{class_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of the above
3002 @{type_name NAME} -- logical type
3003 @{type_abbrev NAME} -- type abbreviation
3004 @{nonterminal NAME} -- type of concrete syntactic category
3005 @{type_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
3007 @{const_name NAME} -- logical constant (INCOMPATIBILITY)
3008 @{const_abbrev NAME} -- abbreviated constant
3009 @{const_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
3011 * Antiquotation @{syntax_const NAME} ensures that NAME refers to a raw
3012 syntax constant (cf. 'syntax' command).
3014 * Antiquotation @{make_string} inlines a function to print arbitrary
3015 values similar to the ML toplevel. The result is compiler dependent
3016 and may fall back on "?" in certain situations.
3018 * Diagnostic commands 'ML_val' and 'ML_command' may refer to
3019 antiquotations @{Isar.state} and @{Isar.goal}. This replaces impure
3020 Isar.state() and Isar.goal(), which belong to the old TTY loop and do
3021 not work with the asynchronous Isar document model.
3023 * Configuration options now admit dynamic default values, depending on
3024 the context or even global references.
3026 * SHA1.digest digests strings according to SHA-1 (see RFC 3174). It
3027 uses an efficient external library if available (for Poly/ML).
3029 * Renamed some important ML structures, while keeping the old names
3030 for some time as aliases within the structure Legacy:
3032 OuterKeyword ~> Keyword
3035 OuterSyntax ~> Outer_Syntax
3036 PrintMode ~> Print_Mode
3037 SpecParse ~> Parse_Spec
3040 ThyOutput ~> Thy_Output
3041 TypeInfer ~> Type_Infer
3043 Note that "open Legacy" simplifies porting of sources, but forgetting
3044 to remove it again will complicate porting again in the future.
3046 * Most operations that refer to a global context are named
3047 accordingly, e.g. Simplifier.global_context or
3048 ProofContext.init_global. There are some situations where a global
3049 context actually works, but under normal circumstances one needs to
3050 pass the proper local context through the code!
3052 * Discontinued old TheoryDataFun with its copy/init operation -- data
3053 needs to be pure. Functor Theory_Data_PP retains the traditional
3054 Pretty.pp argument to merge, which is absent in the standard
3055 Theory_Data version.
3057 * Sorts.certify_sort and derived "cert" operations for types and terms
3058 no longer minimize sorts. Thus certification at the boundary of the
3059 inference kernel becomes invariant under addition of class relations,
3060 which is an important monotonicity principle. Sorts are now minimized
3061 in the syntax layer only, at the boundary between the end-user and the
3062 system. Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY, may have to use Sign.minimize_sort
3063 explicitly in rare situations.
3065 * Renamed old-style Drule.standard to Drule.export_without_context, to
3066 emphasize that this is in no way a standard operation.
3069 * Subgoal.FOCUS (and variants): resulting goal state is normalized as
3070 usual for resolution. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
3072 * Renamed varify/unvarify operations to varify_global/unvarify_global
3073 to emphasize that these only work in a global situation (which is
3076 * Curried take and drop in library.ML; negative length is interpreted
3077 as infinity (as in chop). Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY.
3079 * Proof terms: type substitutions on proof constants now use canonical
3080 order of type variables. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools working with proof
3083 * Raw axioms/defs may no longer carry sort constraints, and raw defs
3084 may no longer carry premises. User-level specifications are
3085 transformed accordingly by Thm.add_axiom/add_def.
3090 * Discontinued special HOL_USEDIR_OPTIONS for the main HOL image;
3091 ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS applies uniformly to all sessions. Note that
3092 proof terms are enabled unconditionally in the new HOL-Proofs image.
3094 * Discontinued old ISABELLE and ISATOOL environment settings (legacy
3095 feature since Isabelle2009). Use ISABELLE_PROCESS and ISABELLE_TOOL,
3098 * Old lib/scripts/polyml-platform is superseded by the
3099 ISABELLE_PLATFORM setting variable, which defaults to the 32 bit
3100 variant, even on a 64 bit machine. The following example setting
3101 prefers 64 bit if available:
3103 ML_PLATFORM="${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM}"
3105 * The preliminary Isabelle/jEdit application demonstrates the emerging
3106 Isabelle/Scala layer for advanced prover interaction and integration.
3107 See src/Tools/jEdit or "isabelle jedit" provided by the properly built
3110 * "IsabelleText" is a Unicode font derived from Bitstream Vera Mono
3111 and Bluesky TeX fonts. It provides the usual Isabelle symbols,
3112 similar to the default assignment of the document preparation system
3113 (cf. isabellesym.sty). The Isabelle/Scala class Isabelle_System
3114 provides some operations for direct access to the font without asking
3115 the user for manual installation.
3119 New in Isabelle2009-1 (December 2009)
3120 -------------------------------------
3124 * Discontinued old form of "escaped symbols" such as \\<forall>. Only
3125 one backslash should be used, even in ML sources.
3130 * Locale interpretation propagates mixins along the locale hierarchy.
3131 The currently only available mixins are the equations used to map
3132 local definitions to terms of the target domain of an interpretation.
3134 * Reactivated diagnostic command 'print_interps'. Use "print_interps
3135 loc" to print all interpretations of locale "loc" in the theory.
3136 Interpretations in proofs are not shown.
3138 * Thoroughly revised locales tutorial. New section on conditional
3141 * On instantiation of classes, remaining undefined class parameters
3142 are formally declared. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3145 *** Document preparation ***
3147 * New generalized style concept for printing terms: @{foo (style) ...}
3148 instead of @{foo_style style ...} (old form is still retained for
3149 backward compatibility). Styles can be also applied for
3150 antiquotations prop, term_type and typeof.
3155 * New proof method "smt" for a combination of first-order logic with
3156 equality, linear and nonlinear (natural/integer/real) arithmetic, and
3157 fixed-size bitvectors; there is also basic support for higher-order
3158 features (esp. lambda abstractions). It is an incomplete decision
3159 procedure based on external SMT solvers using the oracle mechanism;
3160 for the SMT solver Z3, this method is proof-producing. Certificates
3161 are provided to avoid calling the external solvers solely for
3162 re-checking proofs. Due to a remote SMT service there is no need for
3163 installing SMT solvers locally. See src/HOL/SMT.
3165 * New commands to load and prove verification conditions generated by
3166 the Boogie program verifier or derived systems (e.g. the Verifying C
3167 Compiler (VCC) or Spec#). See src/HOL/Boogie.
3169 * New counterexample generator tool 'nitpick' based on the Kodkod
3170 relational model finder. See src/HOL/Tools/Nitpick and
3171 src/HOL/Nitpick_Examples.
3173 * New commands 'code_pred' and 'values' to invoke the predicate
3174 compiler and to enumerate values of inductive predicates.
3176 * A tabled implementation of the reflexive transitive closure.
3178 * New implementation of quickcheck uses generic code generator;
3179 default generators are provided for all suitable HOL types, records
3180 and datatypes. Old quickcheck can be re-activated importing theory
3181 Library/SML_Quickcheck.
3183 * New testing tool Mirabelle for automated proof tools. Applies
3184 several tools and tactics like sledgehammer, metis, or quickcheck, to
3185 every proof step in a theory. To be used in batch mode via the
3186 "mirabelle" utility.
3188 * New proof method "sos" (sum of squares) for nonlinear real
3189 arithmetic (originally due to John Harison). It requires theory
3190 Library/Sum_Of_Squares. It is not a complete decision procedure but
3191 works well in practice on quantifier-free real arithmetic with +, -,
3192 *, ^, =, <= and <, i.e. boolean combinations of equalities and
3193 inequalities between polynomials. It makes use of external
3194 semidefinite programming solvers. Method "sos" generates a
3195 certificate that can be pasted into the proof thus avoiding the need
3196 to call an external tool every time the proof is checked. See
3197 src/HOL/Library/Sum_Of_Squares.
3199 * New method "linarith" invokes existing linear arithmetic decision
3202 * New command 'atp_minimal' reduces result produced by Sledgehammer.
3204 * New Sledgehammer option "Full Types" in Proof General settings menu.
3205 Causes full type information to be output to the ATPs. This slows
3206 ATPs down considerably but eliminates a source of unsound "proofs"
3209 * New method "metisFT": A version of metis that uses full type
3210 information in order to avoid failures of proof reconstruction.
3212 * New evaluator "approximate" approximates an real valued term using
3213 the same method as the approximation method.
3215 * Method "approximate" now supports arithmetic expressions as
3216 boundaries of intervals and implements interval splitting and Taylor
3219 * ML antiquotation @{code_datatype} inserts definition of a datatype
3220 generated by the code generator; e.g. see src/HOL/Predicate.thy.
3222 * New theory SupInf of the supremum and infimum operators for sets of
3225 * New theory Probability, which contains a development of measure
3226 theory, eventually leading to Lebesgue integration and probability.
3228 * Extended Multivariate Analysis to include derivation and Brouwer's
3231 * Reorganization of number theory, INCOMPATIBILITY:
3232 - new number theory development for nat and int, in theories Divides
3233 and GCD as well as in new session Number_Theory
3234 - some constants and facts now suffixed with _nat and _int
3236 - former session NumberTheory now named Old_Number_Theory, including
3237 theories Legacy_GCD and Primes (prefer Number_Theory if possible)
3238 - moved theory Pocklington from src/HOL/Library to
3239 src/HOL/Old_Number_Theory
3241 * Theory GCD includes functions Gcd/GCD and Lcm/LCM for the gcd and
3242 lcm of finite and infinite sets. It is shown that they form a complete
3245 * Class semiring_div requires superclass no_zero_divisors and proof of
3246 div_mult_mult1; theorems div_mult_mult1, div_mult_mult2,
3247 div_mult_mult1_if, div_mult_mult1 and div_mult_mult2 have been
3248 generalized to class semiring_div, subsuming former theorems
3249 zdiv_zmult_zmult1, zdiv_zmult_zmult1_if, zdiv_zmult_zmult1 and
3250 zdiv_zmult_zmult2. div_mult_mult1 is now [simp] by default.
3253 * Refinements to lattice classes and sets:
3254 - less default intro/elim rules in locale variant, more default
3255 intro/elim rules in class variant: more uniformity
3256 - lemma ge_sup_conv renamed to le_sup_iff, in accordance with
3258 - dropped lemma alias inf_ACI for inf_aci (same for sup_ACI and
3260 - renamed ACI to inf_sup_aci
3261 - new class "boolean_algebra"
3262 - class "complete_lattice" moved to separate theory
3263 "Complete_Lattice"; corresponding constants (and abbreviations)
3264 renamed and with authentic syntax:
3265 Set.Inf ~> Complete_Lattice.Inf
3266 Set.Sup ~> Complete_Lattice.Sup
3267 Set.INFI ~> Complete_Lattice.INFI
3268 Set.SUPR ~> Complete_Lattice.SUPR
3269 Set.Inter ~> Complete_Lattice.Inter
3270 Set.Union ~> Complete_Lattice.Union
3271 Set.INTER ~> Complete_Lattice.INTER
3272 Set.UNION ~> Complete_Lattice.UNION
3273 - authentic syntax for
3276 - mere abbreviations:
3279 Set.inter (for inf, formerly Set.Int)
3280 Set.union (for sup, formerly Set.Un)
3281 Complete_Lattice.Inter (for Inf)
3282 Complete_Lattice.Union (for Sup)
3283 Complete_Lattice.INTER (for INFI)
3284 Complete_Lattice.UNION (for SUPR)
3285 - object-logic definitions as far as appropriate
3287 INCOMPATIBILITY. Care is required when theorems Int_subset_iff or
3288 Un_subset_iff are explicitly deleted as default simp rules; then also
3289 their lattice counterparts le_inf_iff and le_sup_iff have to be
3290 deleted to achieve the desired effect.
3292 * Rules inf_absorb1, inf_absorb2, sup_absorb1, sup_absorb2 are no simp
3293 rules by default any longer; the same applies to min_max.inf_absorb1
3294 etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3296 * Rules sup_Int_eq and sup_Un_eq are no longer declared as
3297 pred_set_conv by default. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3299 * Power operations on relations and functions are now one dedicated
3300 constant "compow" with infix syntax "^^". Power operation on
3301 multiplicative monoids retains syntax "^" and is now defined generic
3302 in class power. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3304 * Relation composition "R O S" now has a more standard argument order:
3305 "R O S = {(x, z). EX y. (x, y) : R & (y, z) : S}". INCOMPATIBILITY,
3306 rewrite propositions with "S O R" --> "R O S". Proofs may occasionally
3307 break, since the O_assoc rule was not rewritten like this. Fix using
3308 O_assoc[symmetric]. The same applies to the curried version "R OO S".
3310 * Function "Inv" is renamed to "inv_into" and function "inv" is now an
3311 abbreviation for "inv_into UNIV". Lemmas are renamed accordingly.
3314 * Most rules produced by inductive and datatype package have mandatory
3315 prefixes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3317 * Changed "DERIV_intros" to a dynamic fact, which can be augmented by
3318 the attribute of the same name. Each of the theorems in the list
3319 DERIV_intros assumes composition with an additional function and
3320 matches a variable to the derivative, which has to be solved by the
3321 Simplifier. Hence (auto intro!: DERIV_intros) computes the derivative
3322 of most elementary terms. Former Maclauren.DERIV_tac and
3323 Maclauren.deriv_tac should be replaced by (auto intro!: DERIV_intros).
3326 * Code generator attributes follow the usual underscore convention:
3327 code_unfold replaces code unfold
3328 code_post replaces code post
3333 sizechange -> size_change
3334 induct_scheme -> induction_schema
3337 * Discontinued abbreviation "arbitrary" of constant "undefined".
3338 INCOMPATIBILITY, use "undefined" directly.
3341 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
3342 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1_left -> Suc_eq_plus1_left
3343 Suc_plus1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
3344 *anti_sym -> *antisym*
3345 vector_less_eq_def -> vector_le_def
3348 * Added theorem List.map_map as [simp]. Removed List.map_compose.
3351 * Removed predicate "M hassize n" (<--> card M = n & finite M).
3357 * Theory Representable defines a class "rep" of domains that are
3358 representable (via an ep-pair) in the universal domain type "udom".
3359 Instances are provided for all type constructors defined in HOLCF.
3361 * The 'new_domain' command is a purely definitional version of the
3362 domain package, for representable domains. Syntax is identical to the
3363 old domain package. The 'new_domain' package also supports indirect
3364 recursion using previously-defined type constructors. See
3365 src/HOLCF/ex/New_Domain.thy for examples.
3367 * Method "fixrec_simp" unfolds one step of a fixrec-defined constant
3368 on the left-hand side of an equation, and then performs
3369 simplification. Rewriting is done using rules declared with the
3370 "fixrec_simp" attribute. The "fixrec_simp" method is intended as a
3371 replacement for "fixpat"; see src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples.
3373 * The pattern-match compiler in 'fixrec' can now handle constructors
3374 with HOL function types. Pattern-match combinators for the Pair
3375 constructor are pre-configured.
3377 * The 'fixrec' package now produces better fixed-point induction rules
3378 for mutually-recursive definitions: Induction rules have conclusions
3379 of the form "P foo bar" instead of "P <foo, bar>".
3381 * The constant "sq_le" (with infix syntax "<<" or "\<sqsubseteq>") has
3382 been renamed to "below". The name "below" now replaces "less" in many
3383 theorem names. (Legacy theorem names using "less" are still supported
3386 * The 'fixrec' package now supports "bottom patterns". Bottom
3387 patterns can be used to generate strictness rules, or to make
3388 functions more strict (much like the bang-patterns supported by the
3389 Glasgow Haskell Compiler). See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
3395 * Support for Poly/ML 5.3.0, with improved reporting of compiler
3396 errors and run-time exceptions, including detailed source positions.
3398 * Structure Name_Space (formerly NameSpace) now manages uniquely
3399 identified entries, with some additional information such as source
3400 position, logical grouping etc.
3402 * Theory and context data is now introduced by the simplified and
3403 modernized functors Theory_Data, Proof_Data, Generic_Data. Data needs
3404 to be pure, but the old TheoryDataFun for mutable data (with explicit
3405 copy operation) is still available for some time.
3407 * Structure Synchronized (cf. src/Pure/Concurrent/synchronized.ML)
3408 provides a high-level programming interface to synchronized state
3409 variables with atomic update. This works via pure function
3410 application within a critical section -- its runtime should be as
3411 short as possible; beware of deadlocks if critical code is nested,
3412 either directly or indirectly via other synchronized variables!
3414 * Structure Unsynchronized (cf. src/Pure/ML-Systems/unsynchronized.ML)
3415 wraps raw ML references, explicitly indicating their non-thread-safe
3416 behaviour. The Isar toplevel keeps this structure open, to
3417 accommodate Proof General as well as quick and dirty interactive
3418 experiments with references.
3420 * PARALLEL_CHOICE and PARALLEL_GOALS provide basic support for
3421 parallel tactical reasoning.
3423 * Tacticals Subgoal.FOCUS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PREMS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PARAMS
3424 are similar to SUBPROOF, but are slightly more flexible: only the
3425 specified parts of the subgoal are imported into the context, and the
3426 body tactic may introduce new subgoals and schematic variables.
3428 * Old tactical METAHYPS, which does not observe the proof context, has
3429 been renamed to Old_Goals.METAHYPS and awaits deletion. Use SUBPROOF
3430 or Subgoal.FOCUS etc.
3432 * Renamed functor TableFun to Table, and GraphFun to Graph. (Since
3433 functors have their own ML name space there is no point to mark them
3434 separately.) Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3436 * Renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3438 * Renamed several structures FooBar to Foo_Bar. Occasional,
3441 * Operations of structure Skip_Proof no longer require quick_and_dirty
3442 mode, which avoids critical setmp.
3444 * Eliminated old Attrib.add_attributes, Method.add_methods and related
3445 combinators for "args". INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use simplified
3446 Attrib/Method.setup introduced in Isabelle2009.
3448 * Proper context for simpset_of, claset_of, clasimpset_of. May fall
3449 back on global_simpset_of, global_claset_of, global_clasimpset_of as
3450 last resort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3452 * Display.pretty_thm now requires a proper context (cf. former
3453 ProofContext.pretty_thm). May fall back on Display.pretty_thm_global
3454 or even Display.pretty_thm_without_context as last resort.
3457 * Discontinued Display.pretty_ctyp/cterm etc. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
3458 Syntax.pretty_typ/term directly, preferably with proper context
3459 instead of global theory.
3464 * Further fine tuning of parallel proof checking, scales up to 8 cores
3465 (max. speedup factor 5.0). See also Goal.parallel_proofs in ML and
3468 * Support for additional "Isabelle components" via etc/components, see
3469 also the system manual.
3471 * The isabelle makeall tool now operates on all components with
3472 IsaMakefile, not just hardwired "logics".
3474 * Removed "compress" option from isabelle-process and isabelle usedir;
3475 this is always enabled.
3477 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 4.x versions.
3479 * Isabelle tool "wwwfind" provides web interface for 'find_theorems'
3480 on a given logic image. This requires the lighttpd webserver and is
3481 currently supported on Linux only.
3485 New in Isabelle2009 (April 2009)
3486 --------------------------------
3490 * Simplified main Isabelle executables, with less surprises on
3491 case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
3493 - The main Isabelle tool wrapper is now called "isabelle" instead of
3496 - The former "isabelle" alias for "isabelle-process" has been
3497 removed (should rarely occur to regular users).
3499 - The former "isabelle-interface" and its alias "Isabelle" have been
3500 removed (interfaces are now regular Isabelle tools).
3502 Within scripts and make files, the Isabelle environment variables
3503 ISABELLE_TOOL and ISABELLE_PROCESS replace old ISATOOL and ISABELLE,
3504 respectively. (The latter are still available as legacy feature.)
3506 The old isabelle-interface wrapper could react in confusing ways if
3507 the interface was uninstalled or changed otherwise. Individual
3508 interface tool configuration is now more explicit, see also the
3509 Isabelle system manual. In particular, Proof General is now available
3510 via "isabelle emacs".
3512 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt derivative scripts. Users may need to
3513 purge installed copies of Isabelle executables and re-run "isabelle
3514 install -p ...", or use symlinks.
3516 * The default for ISABELLE_HOME_USER is now ~/.isabelle instead of the
3517 old ~/isabelle, which was slightly non-standard and apt to cause
3518 surprises on case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
3520 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to move existing ~/isabelle/etc,
3521 ~/isabelle/heaps, ~/isabelle/browser_info to the new place. Special
3522 care is required when using older releases of Isabelle. Note that
3523 ISABELLE_HOME_USER can be changed in Isabelle/etc/settings of any
3524 Isabelle distribution, in order to use the new ~/.isabelle uniformly.
3526 * Proofs of fully specified statements are run in parallel on
3527 multi-core systems. A speedup factor of 2.5 to 3.2 can be expected on
3528 a regular 4-core machine, if the initial heap space is made reasonably
3529 large (cf. Poly/ML option -H). (Requires Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
3531 * The main reference manuals ("isar-ref", "implementation", and
3532 "system") have been updated and extended. Formally checked references
3533 as hyperlinks are now available uniformly.
3538 * Complete re-implementation of locales. INCOMPATIBILITY in several
3539 respects. The most important changes are listed below. See the
3540 Tutorial on Locales ("locales" manual) for details.
3542 - In locale expressions, instantiation replaces renaming. Parameters
3543 must be declared in a for clause. To aid compatibility with previous
3544 parameter inheritance, in locale declarations, parameters that are not
3545 'touched' (instantiation position "_" or omitted) are implicitly added
3546 with their syntax at the beginning of the for clause.
3548 - Syntax from abbreviations and definitions in locales is available in
3549 locale expressions and context elements. The latter is particularly
3550 useful in locale declarations.
3552 - More flexible mechanisms to qualify names generated by locale
3553 expressions. Qualifiers (prefixes) may be specified in locale
3554 expressions, and can be marked as mandatory (syntax: "name!:") or
3555 optional (syntax "name?:"). The default depends for plain "name:"
3556 depends on the situation where a locale expression is used: in
3557 commands 'locale' and 'sublocale' prefixes are optional, in
3558 'interpretation' and 'interpret' prefixes are mandatory. The old
3559 implicit qualifiers derived from the parameter names of a locale are
3560 no longer generated.
3562 - Command "sublocale l < e" replaces "interpretation l < e". The
3563 instantiation clause in "interpretation" and "interpret" (square
3564 brackets) is no longer available. Use locale expressions.
3566 - When converting proof scripts, mandatory qualifiers in
3567 'interpretation' and 'interpret' should be retained by default, even
3568 if this is an INCOMPATIBILITY compared to former behavior. In the
3569 worst case, use the "name?:" form for non-mandatory ones. Qualifiers
3570 in locale expressions range over a single locale instance only.
3572 - Dropped locale element "includes". This is a major INCOMPATIBILITY.
3573 In existing theorem specifications replace the includes element by the
3574 respective context elements of the included locale, omitting those
3575 that are already present in the theorem specification. Multiple
3576 assume elements of a locale should be replaced by a single one
3577 involving the locale predicate. In the proof body, declarations (most
3578 notably theorems) may be regained by interpreting the respective
3579 locales in the proof context as required (command "interpret").
3581 If using "includes" in replacement of a target solely because the
3582 parameter types in the theorem are not as general as in the target,
3583 consider declaring a new locale with additional type constraints on
3584 the parameters (context element "constrains").
3586 - Discontinued "locale (open)". INCOMPATIBILITY.
3588 - Locale interpretation commands no longer attempt to simplify goal.
3589 INCOMPATIBILITY: in rare situations the generated goal differs. Use
3590 methods intro_locales and unfold_locales to clarify.
3592 - Locale interpretation commands no longer accept interpretation
3593 attributes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3595 * Class declaration: so-called "base sort" must not be given in import
3596 list any longer, but is inferred from the specification. Particularly
3603 class foo = type + ...
3605 * Class target: global versions of theorems stemming do not carry a
3606 parameter prefix any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3608 * Class 'instance' command no longer accepts attached definitions.
3609 INCOMPATIBILITY, use proper 'instantiation' target instead.
3611 * Recovered hiding of consts, which was accidentally broken in
3612 Isabelle2007. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, ``hide const c'' really
3613 makes c inaccessible; consider using ``hide (open) const c'' instead.
3615 * Slightly more coherent Pure syntax, with updated documentation in
3616 isar-ref manual. Removed locales meta_term_syntax and
3617 meta_conjunction_syntax: TERM and &&& (formerly &&) are now permanent,
3618 INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations. Note that &&& should not be used
3619 directly in regular applications.
3621 * There is a new syntactic category "float_const" for signed decimal
3622 fractions (e.g. 123.45 or -123.45).
3624 * Removed exotic 'token_translation' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML
3625 interface with 'setup' command instead.
3627 * Command 'local_setup' is similar to 'setup', but operates on a local
3630 * The 'axiomatization' command now only works within a global theory
3631 context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3633 * Goal-directed proof now enforces strict proof irrelevance wrt. sort
3634 hypotheses. Sorts required in the course of reasoning need to be
3635 covered by the constraints in the initial statement, completed by the
3636 type instance information of the background theory. Non-trivial sort
3637 hypotheses, which rarely occur in practice, may be specified via
3638 vacuous propositions of the form SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::c). For example:
3640 lemma assumes "SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::empty)" shows False ...
3642 The result contains an implicit sort hypotheses as before --
3643 SORT_CONSTRAINT premises are eliminated as part of the canonical rule
3646 * Generalized Isar history, with support for linear undo, direct state
3649 * Changed defaults for unify configuration options:
3651 unify_trace_bound = 50 (formerly 25)
3652 unify_search_bound = 60 (formerly 30)
3654 * Different bookkeeping for code equations (INCOMPATIBILITY):
3656 a) On theory merge, the last set of code equations for a particular
3657 constant is taken (in accordance with the policy applied by other
3658 parts of the code generator framework).
3660 b) Code equations stemming from explicit declarations (e.g. code
3661 attribute) gain priority over default code equations stemming
3662 from definition, primrec, fun etc.
3664 * Keyword 'code_exception' now named 'code_abort'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3666 * Unified theorem tables for both code generators. Thus [code
3667 func] has disappeared and only [code] remains. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3669 * Command 'find_consts' searches for constants based on type and name
3672 find_consts "_ => bool"
3674 By default, matching is against subtypes, but it may be restricted to
3675 the whole type. Searching by name is possible. Multiple queries are
3676 conjunctive and queries may be negated by prefixing them with a
3679 find_consts strict: "_ => bool" name: "Int" -"int => int"
3681 * New 'find_theorems' criterion "solves" matches theorems that
3682 directly solve the current goal (modulo higher-order unification).
3684 * Auto solve feature for main theorem statements: whenever a new goal
3685 is stated, "find_theorems solves" is called; any theorems that could
3686 solve the lemma directly are listed as part of the goal state.
3687 Cf. associated options in Proof General Isabelle settings menu,
3688 enabled by default, with reasonable timeout for pathological cases of
3689 higher-order unification.
3692 *** Document preparation ***
3694 * Antiquotation @{lemma} now imitates a regular terminal proof,
3695 demanding keyword 'by' and supporting the full method expression
3696 syntax just like the Isar command 'by'.
3701 * Integrated main parts of former image HOL-Complex with HOL. Entry
3702 points Main and Complex_Main remain as before.
3704 * Logic image HOL-Plain provides a minimal HOL with the most important
3705 tools available (inductive, datatype, primrec, ...). This facilitates
3706 experimentation and tool development. Note that user applications
3707 (and library theories) should never refer to anything below theory
3710 * Logic image HOL-Main stops at theory Main, and thus facilitates
3711 experimentation due to shorter build times.
3713 * Logic image HOL-NSA contains theories of nonstandard analysis which
3714 were previously part of former HOL-Complex. Entry point Hyperreal
3715 remains valid, but theories formerly using Complex_Main should now use
3716 new entry point Hypercomplex.
3718 * Generic ATP manager for Sledgehammer, based on ML threads instead of
3719 Posix processes. Avoids potentially expensive forking of the ML
3720 process. New thread-based implementation also works on non-Unix
3721 platforms (Cygwin). Provers are no longer hardwired, but defined
3722 within the theory via plain ML wrapper functions. Basic Sledgehammer
3723 commands are covered in the isar-ref manual.
3725 * Wrapper scripts for remote SystemOnTPTP service allows to use
3726 sledgehammer without local ATP installation (Vampire etc.). Other
3727 provers may be included via suitable ML wrappers, see also
3728 src/HOL/ATP_Linkup.thy.
3730 * ATP selection (E/Vampire/Spass) is now via Proof General's settings
3733 * The metis method no longer fails because the theorem is too trivial
3734 (contains the empty clause).
3736 * The metis method now fails in the usual manner, rather than raising
3737 an exception, if it determines that it cannot prove the theorem.
3739 * Method "coherent" implements a prover for coherent logic (see also
3740 src/Tools/coherent.ML).
3742 * Constants "undefined" and "default" replace "arbitrary". Usually
3743 "undefined" is the right choice to replace "arbitrary", though
3744 logically there is no difference. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3746 * Command "value" now integrates different evaluation mechanisms. The
3747 result of the first successful evaluation mechanism is printed. In
3748 square brackets a particular named evaluation mechanisms may be
3749 specified (currently, [SML], [code] or [nbe]). See further
3750 src/HOL/ex/Eval_Examples.thy.
3752 * Normalization by evaluation now allows non-leftlinear equations.
3753 Declare with attribute [code nbe].
3755 * Methods "case_tac" and "induct_tac" now refer to the very same rules
3756 as the structured Isar versions "cases" and "induct", cf. the
3757 corresponding "cases" and "induct" attributes. Mutual induction rules
3758 are now presented as a list of individual projections
3759 (e.g. foo_bar.inducts for types foo and bar); the old format with
3760 explicit HOL conjunction is no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, in
3761 rare situations a different rule is selected --- notably nested tuple
3762 elimination instead of former prod.exhaust: use explicit (case_tac t
3763 rule: prod.exhaust) here.
3765 * Attributes "cases", "induct", "coinduct" support "del" option.
3767 * Removed fact "case_split_thm", which duplicates "case_split".
3769 * The option datatype has been moved to a new theory Option. Renamed
3770 option_map to Option.map, and o2s to Option.set, INCOMPATIBILITY.
3772 * New predicate "strict_mono" classifies strict functions on partial
3773 orders. With strict functions on linear orders, reasoning about
3774 (in)equalities is facilitated by theorems "strict_mono_eq",
3775 "strict_mono_less_eq" and "strict_mono_less".
3777 * Some set operations are now proper qualified constants with
3778 authentic syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY:
3789 * Class complete_lattice with operations Inf, Sup, INFI, SUPR now in
3792 * Auxiliary class "itself" has disappeared -- classes without any
3793 parameter are treated as expected by the 'class' command.
3795 * Leibnitz's Series for Pi and the arcus tangens and logarithm series.
3797 * Common decision procedures (Cooper, MIR, Ferrack, Approximation,
3798 Dense_Linear_Order) are now in directory HOL/Decision_Procs.
3800 * Theory src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Approximation provides the new proof
3801 method "approximation". It proves formulas on real values by using
3802 interval arithmetic. In the formulas are also the transcendental
3803 functions sin, cos, tan, atan, ln, exp and the constant pi are
3804 allowed. For examples see
3805 src/HOL/Descision_Procs/ex/Approximation_Ex.thy.
3807 * Theory "Reflection" now resides in HOL/Library.
3809 * Entry point to Word library now simply named "Word".
3812 * Made source layout more coherent with logical distribution
3815 src/HOL/Library/RType.thy ~> src/HOL/Typerep.thy
3816 src/HOL/Library/Code_Message.thy ~> src/HOL/
3817 src/HOL/Library/GCD.thy ~> src/HOL/
3818 src/HOL/Library/Order_Relation.thy ~> src/HOL/
3819 src/HOL/Library/Parity.thy ~> src/HOL/
3820 src/HOL/Library/Univ_Poly.thy ~> src/HOL/
3821 src/HOL/Real/ContNotDenum.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
3822 src/HOL/Real/Lubs.thy ~> src/HOL/
3823 src/HOL/Real/PReal.thy ~> src/HOL/
3824 src/HOL/Real/Rational.thy ~> src/HOL/
3825 src/HOL/Real/RComplete.thy ~> src/HOL/
3826 src/HOL/Real/RealDef.thy ~> src/HOL/
3827 src/HOL/Real/RealPow.thy ~> src/HOL/
3828 src/HOL/Real/Real.thy ~> src/HOL/
3829 src/HOL/Complex/Complex_Main.thy ~> src/HOL/
3830 src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy ~> src/HOL/
3831 src/HOL/Complex/FrechetDeriv.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
3832 src/HOL/Complex/Fundamental_Theorem_Algebra.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
3833 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Deriv.thy ~> src/HOL/
3834 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Fact.thy ~> src/HOL/
3835 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Integration.thy ~> src/HOL/
3836 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Lim.thy ~> src/HOL/
3837 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Ln.thy ~> src/HOL/
3838 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Log.thy ~> src/HOL/
3839 src/HOL/Hyperreal/MacLaurin.thy ~> src/HOL/
3840 src/HOL/Hyperreal/NthRoot.thy ~> src/HOL/
3841 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Series.thy ~> src/HOL/
3842 src/HOL/Hyperreal/SEQ.thy ~> src/HOL/
3843 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Taylor.thy ~> src/HOL/
3844 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Transcendental.thy ~> src/HOL/
3845 src/HOL/Real/Float ~> src/HOL/Library/
3846 src/HOL/Real/HahnBanach ~> src/HOL/HahnBanach
3847 src/HOL/Real/RealVector.thy ~> src/HOL/
3849 src/HOL/arith_data.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3850 src/HOL/hologic.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3851 src/HOL/simpdata.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3852 src/HOL/int_arith1.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools/int_arith.ML
3853 src/HOL/int_factor_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3854 src/HOL/nat_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3855 src/HOL/Real/float_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3856 src/HOL/Real/float_syntax.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3857 src/HOL/Real/rat_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3858 src/HOL/Real/real_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3860 src/HOL/Library/Array.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3861 src/HOL/Library/Heap_Monad.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3862 src/HOL/Library/Heap.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3863 src/HOL/Library/Imperative_HOL.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3864 src/HOL/Library/Ref.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3865 src/HOL/Library/Relational.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3867 * If methods "eval" and "evaluation" encounter a structured proof
3868 state with !!/==>, only the conclusion is evaluated to True (if
3869 possible), avoiding strange error messages.
3871 * Method "sizechange" automates termination proofs using (a
3872 modification of) the size-change principle. Requires SAT solver. See
3873 src/HOL/ex/Termination.thy for examples.
3875 * Simplifier: simproc for let expressions now unfolds if bound
3876 variable occurs at most once in let expression body. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3878 * Method "arith": Linear arithmetic now ignores all inequalities when
3879 fast_arith_neq_limit is exceeded, instead of giving up entirely.
3881 * New attribute "arith" for facts that should always be used
3882 automatically by arithmetic. It is intended to be used locally in
3885 assumes [arith]: "x > 0"
3887 Global usage is discouraged because of possible performance impact.
3889 * New classes "top" and "bot" with corresponding operations "top" and
3890 "bot" in theory Orderings; instantiation of class "complete_lattice"
3891 requires instantiation of classes "top" and "bot". INCOMPATIBILITY.
3893 * Changed definition lemma "less_fun_def" in order to provide an
3894 instance for preorders on functions; use lemma "less_le" instead.
3897 * Theory Orderings: class "wellorder" moved here, with explicit
3898 induction rule "less_induct" as assumption. For instantiation of
3899 "wellorder" by means of predicate "wf", use rule wf_wellorderI.
3902 * Theory Orderings: added class "preorder" as superclass of "order".
3903 INCOMPATIBILITY: Instantiation proofs for order, linorder
3904 etc. slightly changed. Some theorems named order_class.* now named
3907 * Theory Relation: renamed "refl" to "refl_on", "reflexive" to "refl,
3910 * Theory Finite_Set: added a new fold combinator of type
3912 ('a => 'b => 'b) => 'b => 'a set => 'b
3914 Occasionally this is more convenient than the old fold combinator
3915 which is now defined in terms of the new one and renamed to
3918 * Theories Ring_and_Field and OrderedGroup: The lemmas "group_simps"
3919 and "ring_simps" have been replaced by "algebra_simps" (which can be
3920 extended with further lemmas!). At the moment both still exist but
3921 the former will disappear at some point.
3923 * Theory Power: Lemma power_Suc is now declared as a simp rule in
3924 class recpower. Type-specific simp rules for various recpower types
3925 have been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY, rename old lemmas as follows:
3927 rat_power_0 -> power_0
3928 rat_power_Suc -> power_Suc
3929 realpow_0 -> power_0
3930 realpow_Suc -> power_Suc
3931 complexpow_0 -> power_0
3932 complexpow_Suc -> power_Suc
3933 power_poly_0 -> power_0
3934 power_poly_Suc -> power_Suc
3936 * Theories Ring_and_Field and Divides: Definition of "op dvd" has been
3937 moved to separate class dvd in Ring_and_Field; a couple of lemmas on
3938 dvd has been generalized to class comm_semiring_1. Likewise a bunch
3939 of lemmas from Divides has been generalized from nat to class
3940 semiring_div. INCOMPATIBILITY. This involves the following theorem
3941 renames resulting from duplicate elimination:
3943 dvd_def_mod ~> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0
3944 zero_dvd_iff ~> dvd_0_left_iff
3945 dvd_0 ~> dvd_0_right
3946 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_DIV ~> div_by_0
3947 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_MOD ~> mod_by_0
3948 mult_div ~> div_mult_self2_is_id
3949 mult_mod ~> mod_mult_self2_is_0
3951 * Theory IntDiv: removed many lemmas that are instances of class-based
3952 generalizations (from Divides and Ring_and_Field). INCOMPATIBILITY,
3953 rename old lemmas as follows:
3955 dvd_diff -> nat_dvd_diff
3956 dvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
3957 mod_add1_eq -> mod_add_eq
3958 mod_mult1_eq -> mod_mult_right_eq
3959 mod_mult1_eq' -> mod_mult_left_eq
3960 mod_mult_distrib_mod -> mod_mult_eq
3961 nat_mod_add_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
3962 nat_mod_add_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
3963 nat_mod_div_trivial -> mod_div_trivial
3964 nat_mod_mod_trivial -> mod_mod_trivial
3965 zdiv_zadd_self1 -> div_add_self1
3966 zdiv_zadd_self2 -> div_add_self2
3967 zdiv_zmult_self1 -> div_mult_self2_is_id
3968 zdiv_zmult_self2 -> div_mult_self1_is_id
3969 zdvd_triv_left -> dvd_triv_left
3970 zdvd_triv_right -> dvd_triv_right
3971 zdvd_zmult_cancel_disj -> dvd_mult_cancel_left
3972 zmod_eq0_zdvd_iff -> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0[symmetric]
3973 zmod_zadd_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
3974 zmod_zadd_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
3975 zmod_zadd_self1 -> mod_add_self1
3976 zmod_zadd_self2 -> mod_add_self2
3977 zmod_zadd1_eq -> mod_add_eq
3978 zmod_zdiff1_eq -> mod_diff_eq
3979 zmod_zdvd_zmod -> mod_mod_cancel
3980 zmod_zmod_cancel -> mod_mod_cancel
3981 zmod_zmult_self1 -> mod_mult_self2_is_0
3982 zmod_zmult_self2 -> mod_mult_self1_is_0
3985 zdvd_abs1 -> abs_dvd_iff
3986 zdvd_abs2 -> dvd_abs_iff
3987 zdvd_refl -> dvd_refl
3988 zdvd_trans -> dvd_trans
3989 zdvd_zadd -> dvd_add
3990 zdvd_zdiff -> dvd_diff
3991 zdvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
3992 zdvd_zminus2_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
3993 zdvd_zmultD -> dvd_mult_right
3994 zdvd_zmultD2 -> dvd_mult_left
3995 zdvd_zmult_mono -> mult_dvd_mono
3996 zdvd_0_right -> dvd_0_right
3997 zdvd_0_left -> dvd_0_left_iff
3998 zdvd_1_left -> one_dvd
3999 zminus_dvd_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
4001 * Theory Rational: 'Fract k 0' now equals '0'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4003 * The real numbers offer decimal input syntax: 12.34 is translated
4004 into 1234/10^2. This translation is not reversed upon output.
4006 * Theory Library/Polynomial defines an abstract type 'a poly of
4007 univariate polynomials with coefficients of type 'a. In addition to
4008 the standard ring operations, it also supports div and mod. Code
4009 generation is also supported, using list-style constructors.
4011 * Theory Library/Inner_Product defines a class of real_inner for real
4012 inner product spaces, with an overloaded operation inner :: 'a => 'a
4013 => real. Class real_inner is a subclass of real_normed_vector from
4016 * Theory Library/Product_Vector provides instances for the product
4017 type 'a * 'b of several classes from RealVector and Inner_Product.
4018 Definitions of addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, norms,
4019 and inner products are included.
4021 * Theory Library/Bit defines the field "bit" of integers modulo 2. In
4022 addition to the field operations, numerals and case syntax are also
4025 * Theory Library/Diagonalize provides constructive version of Cantor's
4026 first diagonalization argument.
4028 * Theory Library/GCD: Curried operations gcd, lcm (for nat) and zgcd,
4029 zlcm (for int); carried together from various gcd/lcm developements in
4030 the HOL Distribution. Constants zgcd and zlcm replace former igcd and
4031 ilcm; corresponding theorems renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY,
4032 may recover tupled syntax as follows:
4034 hide (open) const gcd
4035 abbreviation gcd where
4036 "gcd == (%(a, b). GCD.gcd a b)"
4038 GCD.gcd ("gcd '(_, _')")
4040 The same works for lcm, zgcd, zlcm.
4042 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity: added addition, numeral syntax and more
4043 instantiations for algebraic structures. Removed some duplicate
4044 theorems. Changes in simp rules. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4046 * ML antiquotation @{code} takes a constant as argument and generates
4047 corresponding code in background and inserts name of the corresponding
4048 resulting ML value/function/datatype constructor binding in place.
4049 All occurrences of @{code} with a single ML block are generated
4050 simultaneously. Provides a generic and safe interface for
4051 instrumentalizing code generation. See
4052 src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Ferrack.thy for a more ambitious application.
4053 In future you ought to refrain from ad-hoc compiling generated SML
4054 code on the ML toplevel. Note that (for technical reasons) @{code}
4055 cannot refer to constants for which user-defined serializations are
4056 set. Refer to the corresponding ML counterpart directly in that
4059 * Command 'rep_datatype': instead of theorem names the command now
4060 takes a list of terms denoting the constructors of the type to be
4061 represented as datatype. The characteristic theorems have to be
4062 proven. INCOMPATIBILITY. Also observe that the following theorems
4063 have disappeared in favour of existing ones:
4065 unit_induct ~> unit.induct
4066 prod_induct ~> prod.induct
4067 sum_induct ~> sum.induct
4068 Suc_Suc_eq ~> nat.inject
4069 Suc_not_Zero Zero_not_Suc ~> nat.distinct
4074 * New locales for orders and lattices where the equivalence relation
4075 is not restricted to equality. INCOMPATIBILITY: all order and lattice
4076 locales use a record structure with field eq for the equivalence.
4078 * New theory of factorial domains.
4080 * Units_l_inv and Units_r_inv are now simp rules by default.
4081 INCOMPATIBILITY. Simplifier proof that require deletion of l_inv
4082 and/or r_inv will now also require deletion of these lemmas.
4084 * Renamed the following theorems, INCOMPATIBILITY:
4086 UpperD ~> Upper_memD
4087 LowerD ~> Lower_memD
4088 least_carrier ~> least_closed
4089 greatest_carrier ~> greatest_closed
4090 greatest_Lower_above ~> greatest_Lower_below
4091 one_zero ~> carrier_one_zero
4092 one_not_zero ~> carrier_one_not_zero (collision with assumption)
4097 * Nominal datatypes can now contain type-variables.
4099 * Commands 'nominal_inductive' and 'equivariance' work with local
4102 * Nominal primrec can now works with local theory targets and its
4103 specification syntax now conforms to the general format as seen in
4106 * Method "perm_simp" honours the standard simplifier attributes
4107 (no_asm), (no_asm_use) etc.
4109 * The new predicate #* is defined like freshness, except that on the
4110 left hand side can be a set or list of atoms.
4112 * Experimental command 'nominal_inductive2' derives strong induction
4113 principles for inductive definitions. In contrast to
4114 'nominal_inductive', which can only deal with a fixed number of
4115 binders, it can deal with arbitrary expressions standing for sets of
4116 atoms to be avoided. The only inductive definition we have at the
4117 moment that needs this generalisation is the typing rule for Lets in
4120 Gamma |- t1 : T1 (x,close Gamma T1)::Gamma |- t2 : T2 x#Gamma
4121 -----------------------------------------------------------------
4122 Gamma |- Let x be t1 in t2 : T2
4124 In this rule one wants to avoid all the binders that are introduced by
4125 "close Gamma T1". We are looking for other examples where this
4126 feature might be useful. Please let us know.
4131 * Reimplemented the simplification procedure for proving continuity
4132 subgoals. The new simproc is extensible; users can declare additional
4133 continuity introduction rules with the attribute [cont2cont].
4135 * The continuity simproc now uses a different introduction rule for
4136 solving continuity subgoals on terms with lambda abstractions. In
4137 some rare cases the new simproc may fail to solve subgoals that the
4138 old one could solve, and "simp add: cont2cont_LAM" may be necessary.
4139 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
4141 * Command 'fixrec': specification syntax now conforms to the general
4142 format as seen in 'inductive' etc. See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
4143 examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4148 * Proof of Zorn's Lemma for partial orders.
4153 * Multithreading for Poly/ML 5.1/5.2 is no longer supported, only for
4154 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later. Important note: the TimeLimit facility
4155 depends on multithreading, so timouts will not work before Poly/ML
4158 * High-level support for concurrent ML programming, see
4159 src/Pure/Cuncurrent. The data-oriented model of "future values" is
4160 particularly convenient to organize independent functional
4161 computations. The concept of "synchronized variables" provides a
4162 higher-order interface for components with shared state, avoiding the
4163 delicate details of mutexes and condition variables. (Requires
4164 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
4166 * ML bindings produced via Isar commands are stored within the Isar
4167 context (theory or proof). Consequently, commands like 'use' and 'ML'
4168 become thread-safe and work with undo as expected (concerning
4169 top-level bindings, not side-effects on global references).
4170 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to provide proper Isar context when invoking the
4171 compiler at runtime; really global bindings need to be given outside a
4172 theory. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
4174 * Command 'ML_prf' is analogous to 'ML' but works within a proof
4175 context. Top-level ML bindings are stored within the proof context in
4176 a purely sequential fashion, disregarding the nested proof structure.
4177 ML bindings introduced by 'ML_prf' are discarded at the end of the
4178 proof. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
4180 * Simplified ML attribute and method setup, cf. functions Attrib.setup
4181 and Method.setup, as well as Isar commands 'attribute_setup' and
4182 'method_setup'. INCOMPATIBILITY for 'method_setup', need to simplify
4183 existing code accordingly, or use plain 'setup' together with old
4186 * Simplified ML oracle interface Thm.add_oracle promotes 'a -> cterm
4187 to 'a -> thm, while results are always tagged with an authentic oracle
4188 name. The Isar command 'oracle' is now polymorphic, no argument type
4189 is specified. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify existing oracle code
4190 accordingly. Note that extra performance may be gained by producing
4191 the cterm carefully, avoiding slow Thm.cterm_of.
4193 * Simplified interface for defining document antiquotations via
4194 ThyOutput.antiquotation, ThyOutput.output, and optionally
4195 ThyOutput.maybe_pretty_source. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify user
4196 antiquotations accordingly, see src/Pure/Thy/thy_output.ML for common
4199 * More systematic treatment of long names, abstract name bindings, and
4200 name space operations. Basic operations on qualified names have been
4201 move from structure NameSpace to Long_Name, e.g. Long_Name.base_name,
4202 Long_Name.append. Old type bstring has been mostly replaced by
4203 abstract type binding (see structure Binding), which supports precise
4204 qualification by packages and local theory targets, as well as proper
4205 tracking of source positions. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to wrap old
4206 bstring values into Binding.name, or better pass through abstract
4207 bindings everywhere. See further src/Pure/General/long_name.ML,
4208 src/Pure/General/binding.ML and src/Pure/General/name_space.ML
4210 * Result facts (from PureThy.note_thms, ProofContext.note_thms,
4211 LocalTheory.note etc.) now refer to the *full* internal name, not the
4212 bstring as before. INCOMPATIBILITY, not detected by ML type-checking!
4214 * Disposed old type and term read functions (Sign.read_def_typ,
4215 Sign.read_typ, Sign.read_def_terms, Sign.read_term,
4216 Thm.read_def_cterms, Thm.read_cterm etc.). INCOMPATIBILITY, should
4217 use regular Syntax.read_typ, Syntax.read_term, Syntax.read_typ_global,
4218 Syntax.read_term_global etc.; see also OldGoals.read_term as last
4219 resort for legacy applications.
4221 * Disposed old declarations, tactics, tactic combinators that refer to
4222 the simpset or claset of an implicit theory (such as Addsimps,
4223 Simp_tac, SIMPSET). INCOMPATIBILITY, should use @{simpset} etc. in
4224 embedded ML text, or local_simpset_of with a proper context passed as
4225 explicit runtime argument.
4227 * Rules and tactics that read instantiations (read_instantiate,
4228 res_inst_tac, thin_tac, subgoal_tac etc.) now demand a proper proof
4229 context, which is required for parsing and type-checking. Moreover,
4230 the variables are specified as plain indexnames, not string encodings
4231 thereof. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4233 * Generic Toplevel.add_hook interface allows to analyze the result of
4234 transactions. E.g. see src/Pure/ProofGeneral/proof_general_pgip.ML
4235 for theorem dependency output of transactions resulting in a new
4238 * ML antiquotations: block-structured compilation context indicated by
4239 \<lbrace> ... \<rbrace>; additional antiquotation forms:
4241 @{binding name} - basic name binding
4242 @{let ?pat = term} - term abbreviation (HO matching)
4243 @{note name = fact} - fact abbreviation
4244 @{thm fact} - singleton fact (with attributes)
4245 @{thms fact} - general fact (with attributes)
4246 @{lemma prop by method} - singleton goal
4247 @{lemma prop by meth1 meth2} - singleton goal
4248 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by method} - general goal
4249 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by meth1 meth2} - general goal
4250 @{lemma (open) ...} - open derivation
4255 * The Isabelle "emacs" tool provides a specific interface to invoke
4256 Proof General / Emacs, with more explicit failure if that is not
4257 installed (the old isabelle-interface script silently falls back on
4258 isabelle-process). The PROOFGENERAL_HOME setting determines the
4259 installation location of the Proof General distribution.
4261 * Isabelle/lib/classes/Pure.jar provides basic support to integrate
4262 the Isabelle process into a JVM/Scala application. See
4263 Isabelle/lib/jedit/plugin for a minimal example. (The obsolete Java
4264 process wrapper has been discontinued.)
4266 * Added homegrown Isabelle font with unicode layout, see lib/fonts.
4268 * Various status messages (with exact source position information) are
4269 emitted, if proper markup print mode is enabled. This allows
4270 user-interface components to provide detailed feedback on internal
4275 New in Isabelle2008 (June 2008)
4276 -------------------------------
4280 * The Isabelle/Isar Reference Manual (isar-ref) has been reorganized
4281 and updated, with formally checked references as hyperlinks.
4283 * Theory loader: use_thy (and similar operations) no longer set the
4284 implicit ML context, which was occasionally hard to predict and in
4285 conflict with concurrency. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML within Isar which
4286 provides a proper context already.
4288 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
4289 file are no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, regular 'uses' and
4290 'use' within a theory file will do the job.
4292 * Name space merge now observes canonical order, i.e. the second space
4293 is inserted into the first one, while existing entries in the first
4294 space take precedence. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, may try to
4295 swap theory imports.
4297 * Syntax: symbol \<chi> is now considered a letter. Potential
4298 INCOMPATIBILITY in identifier syntax etc.
4300 * Outer syntax: string tokens no longer admit escaped white space,
4301 which was an accidental (undocumented) feature. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
4302 white space without escapes.
4304 * Outer syntax: string tokens may contain arbitrary character codes
4305 specified via 3 decimal digits (as in SML). E.g. "foo\095bar" for
4311 * Context-dependent token translations. Default setup reverts locally
4312 fixed variables, and adds hilite markup for undeclared frees.
4314 * Unused theorems can be found using the new command 'unused_thms'.
4315 There are three ways of invoking it:
4318 Only finds unused theorems in the current theory.
4320 (2) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n -
4321 Finds unused theorems in the current theory and all of its ancestors,
4322 excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of their ancestors.
4324 (3) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n - thy'_1 ... thy'_m
4325 Finds unused theorems in the theories thy'_1 ... thy'_m and all of
4326 their ancestors, excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of
4329 In order to increase the readability of the list produced by
4330 unused_thms, theorems that have been created by a particular instance
4331 of a theory command such as 'inductive' or 'function' are considered
4332 to belong to the same "group", meaning that if at least one theorem in
4333 this group is used, the other theorems in the same group are no longer
4334 reported as unused. Moreover, if all theorems in the group are
4335 unused, only one theorem in the group is displayed.
4337 Note that proof objects have to be switched on in order for
4338 unused_thms to work properly (i.e. !proofs must be >= 1, which is
4339 usually the case when using Proof General with the default settings).
4341 * Authentic naming of facts disallows ad-hoc overwriting of previous
4342 theorems within the same name space. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to remove
4343 duplicate fact bindings, or even accidental fact duplications. Note
4344 that tools may maintain dynamically scoped facts systematically, using
4345 PureThy.add_thms_dynamic.
4347 * Command 'hide' now allows to hide from "fact" name space as well.
4349 * Eliminated destructive theorem database, simpset, claset, and
4350 clasimpset. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, really need to observe linear
4351 update of theories within ML code.
4353 * Eliminated theory ProtoPure and CPure, leaving just one Pure theory.
4354 INCOMPATIBILITY, object-logics depending on former Pure require
4355 additional setup PureThy.old_appl_syntax_setup; object-logics
4356 depending on former CPure need to refer to Pure.
4358 * Commands 'use' and 'ML' are now purely functional, operating on
4359 theory/local_theory. Removed former 'ML_setup' (on theory), use 'ML'
4360 instead. Added 'ML_val' as mere diagnostic replacement for 'ML'.
4363 * Command 'setup': discontinued implicit version with ML reference.
4365 * Instantiation target allows for simultaneous specification of class
4366 instance operations together with an instantiation proof.
4367 Type-checking phase allows to refer to class operations uniformly.
4368 See src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy for an Isar example and
4369 src/HOL/Library/Eval.thy for an ML example.
4371 * Indexing of literal facts: be more serious about including only
4372 facts from the visible specification/proof context, but not the
4373 background context (locale etc.). Affects `prop` notation and method
4374 "fact". INCOMPATIBILITY: need to name facts explicitly in rare
4377 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": removed obsolete/undocumented
4378 "(open)" option, which used to expose internal bound variables to the
4381 * Isar statements: removed obsolete case "rule_context".
4382 INCOMPATIBILITY, better use explicit fixes/assumes.
4384 * Locale proofs: default proof step now includes 'unfold_locales';
4385 hence 'proof' without argument may be used to unfold locale
4389 *** Document preparation ***
4391 * Simplified pdfsetup.sty: color/hyperref is used unconditionally for
4392 both pdf and dvi (hyperlinks usually work in xdvi as well); removed
4393 obsolete thumbpdf setup (contemporary PDF viewers do this on the
4394 spot); renamed link color from "darkblue" to "linkcolor" (default
4395 value unchanged, can be redefined via \definecolor); no longer sets
4396 "a4paper" option (unnecessary or even intrusive).
4398 * Antiquotation @{lemma A method} proves proposition A by the given
4399 method (either a method name or a method name plus (optional) method
4400 arguments in parentheses) and prints A just like @{prop A}.
4405 * New primrec package. Specification syntax conforms in style to
4406 definition/function/.... No separate induction rule is provided. The
4407 "primrec" command distinguishes old-style and new-style specifications
4408 by syntax. The former primrec package is now named OldPrimrecPackage.
4409 When adjusting theories, beware: constants stemming from new-style
4410 primrec specifications have authentic syntax.
4412 * Metis prover is now an order of magnitude faster, and also works
4413 with multithreading.
4415 * Metis: the maximum number of clauses that can be produced from a
4416 theorem is now given by the attribute max_clauses. Theorems that
4417 exceed this number are ignored, with a warning printed.
4419 * Sledgehammer no longer produces structured proofs by default. To
4420 enable, declare [[sledgehammer_full = true]]. Attributes
4421 reconstruction_modulus, reconstruction_sorts renamed
4422 sledgehammer_modulus, sledgehammer_sorts. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4424 * Method "induct_scheme" derives user-specified induction rules
4425 from well-founded induction and completeness of patterns. This factors
4426 out some operations that are done internally by the function package
4427 and makes them available separately. See
4428 src/HOL/ex/Induction_Scheme.thy for examples.
4430 * More flexible generation of measure functions for termination
4431 proofs: Measure functions can be declared by proving a rule of the
4432 form "is_measure f" and giving it the [measure_function] attribute.
4433 The "is_measure" predicate is logically meaningless (always true), and
4434 just guides the heuristic. To find suitable measure functions, the
4435 termination prover sets up the goal "is_measure ?f" of the appropriate
4436 type and generates all solutions by prolog-style backwards proof using
4439 This setup also deals with rules like
4441 "is_measure f ==> is_measure (list_size f)"
4443 which accommodates nested datatypes that recurse through lists.
4444 Similar rules are predeclared for products and option types.
4446 * Turned the type of sets "'a set" into an abbreviation for "'a => bool"
4450 - Definitions of overloaded constants on sets have to be replaced by
4451 definitions on => and bool.
4453 - Some definitions of overloaded operators on sets can now be proved
4454 using the definitions of the operators on => and bool. Therefore,
4455 the following theorems have been renamed:
4457 subset_def -> subset_eq
4458 psubset_def -> psubset_eq
4459 set_diff_def -> set_diff_eq
4460 Compl_def -> Compl_eq
4461 Sup_set_def -> Sup_set_eq
4462 Inf_set_def -> Inf_set_eq
4463 sup_set_def -> sup_set_eq
4464 inf_set_def -> inf_set_eq
4466 - Due to the incompleteness of the HO unification algorithm, some
4467 rules such as subst may require manual instantiation, if some of
4468 the unknowns in the rule is a set.
4470 - Higher order unification and forward proofs:
4473 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
4474 then have "EX S. P S" ..
4476 no longer works (due to the incompleteness of the HO unification
4477 algorithm) and must be replaced by the pattern
4484 - Calculational reasoning with subst (or similar rules):
4487 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
4488 also have "S = T" <...>
4489 finally have "P T" .
4491 no longer works (for similar reasons as the previous example) and
4492 must be replaced by something like
4494 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
4495 moreover have "S = T" <...>
4496 ultimately have "P T" by simp
4498 - Tactics or packages written in ML code:
4499 Code performing pattern matching on types via
4501 Type ("set", [T]) => ...
4503 must be rewritten. Moreover, functions like strip_type or
4504 binder_types no longer return the right value when applied to a
4507 T1 => ... => Tn => U => bool
4511 T1 => ... => Tn => U set
4513 * Merged theories Wellfounded_Recursion, Accessible_Part and
4514 Wellfounded_Relations to theory Wellfounded.
4516 * Explicit class "eq" for executable equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4518 * Class finite no longer treats UNIV as class parameter. Use class
4519 enum from theory Library/Enum instead to achieve a similar effect.
4522 * Theory List: rule list_induct2 now has explicitly named cases "Nil"
4523 and "Cons". INCOMPATIBILITY.
4525 * HOL (and FOL): renamed variables in rules imp_elim and swap.
4526 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
4528 * Theory Product_Type: duplicated lemmas split_Pair_apply and
4529 injective_fst_snd removed, use split_eta and prod_eqI instead.
4530 Renamed upd_fst to apfst and upd_snd to apsnd. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4532 * Theory Nat: removed redundant lemmas that merely duplicate lemmas of
4533 the same name in theory Orderings:
4543 Renamed less_imp_le to less_imp_le_nat, and less_irrefl to
4544 less_irrefl_nat. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to more general types
4545 and different variable names.
4547 * Library/Option_ord.thy: Canonical order on option type.
4549 * Library/RBT.thy: Red-black trees, an efficient implementation of
4552 * Library/Countable.thy: Type class for countable types.
4554 * Theory Int: The representation of numerals has changed. The infix
4555 operator BIT and the bit datatype with constructors B0 and B1 have
4556 disappeared. INCOMPATIBILITY, use "Int.Bit0 x" and "Int.Bit1 y" in
4557 place of "x BIT bit.B0" and "y BIT bit.B1", respectively. Theorems
4558 involving BIT, B0, or B1 have been renamed with "Bit0" or "Bit1"
4561 * Theory Nat: definition of <= and < on natural numbers no longer
4562 depend on well-founded relations. INCOMPATIBILITY. Definitions
4563 le_def and less_def have disappeared. Consider lemmas not_less
4564 [symmetric, where ?'a = nat] and less_eq [symmetric] instead.
4566 * Theory Finite_Set: locales ACf, ACe, ACIf, ACIfSL and ACIfSLlin
4567 (whose purpose mainly is for various fold_set functionals) have been
4568 abandoned in favor of the existing algebraic classes
4569 ab_semigroup_mult, comm_monoid_mult, ab_semigroup_idem_mult,
4570 lower_semilattice (resp. upper_semilattice) and linorder.
4573 * Theory Transitive_Closure: induct and cases rules now declare proper
4574 case_names ("base" and "step"). INCOMPATIBILITY.
4576 * Theorem Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct generalized to complete
4577 lattices. The form set-specific version is available as
4578 Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct_set.
4580 * Renamed theorems "power.simps" to "power_int.simps".
4583 * Class semiring_div provides basic abstract properties of semirings
4584 with division and modulo operations. Subsumes former class dvd_mod.
4586 * Merged theories IntDef, Numeral and IntArith into unified theory
4587 Int. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4589 * Theory Library/Code_Index: type "index" now represents natural
4590 numbers rather than integers. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4592 * New class "uminus" with operation "uminus" (split of from class
4593 "minus" which now only has operation "minus", binary).
4596 * Constants "card", "internal_split", "option_map" now with authentic
4597 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4599 * Definitions subset_def, psubset_def, set_diff_def, Compl_def,
4600 le_bool_def, less_bool_def, le_fun_def, less_fun_def, inf_bool_def,
4601 sup_bool_def, Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, inf_fun_def, sup_fun_def,
4602 Inf_fun_def, Sup_fun_def, inf_set_def, sup_set_def, Inf_set_def,
4603 Sup_set_def, le_def, less_def, option_map_def now with object
4604 equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4606 * Records. Removed K_record, and replaced it by pure lambda term
4607 %x. c. The simplifier setup is now more robust against eta expansion.
4608 INCOMPATIBILITY: in cases explicitly referring to K_record.
4610 * Library/Multiset: {#a, b, c#} abbreviates {#a#} + {#b#} + {#c#}.
4612 * Library/ListVector: new theory of arithmetic vector operations.
4614 * Library/Order_Relation: new theory of various orderings as sets of
4615 pairs. Defines preorders, partial orders, linear orders and
4616 well-orders on sets and on types.
4621 * Renamed some theories to allow to loading both ZF and HOL in the
4624 Datatype -> Datatype_ZF
4625 Inductive -> Inductive_ZF
4632 INCOMPATIBILITY: ZF theories that import individual theories below
4633 Main might need to be adapted. Regular theory Main is still
4634 available, as trivial extension of Main_ZF.
4639 * ML within Isar: antiquotation @{const name} or @{const
4640 name(typargs)} produces statically-checked Const term.
4642 * Functor NamedThmsFun: data is available to the user as dynamic fact
4643 (of the same name). Removed obsolete print command.
4645 * Removed obsolete "use_legacy_bindings" function.
4647 * The ``print mode'' is now a thread-local value derived from a global
4648 template (the former print_mode reference), thus access becomes
4649 non-critical. The global print_mode reference is for session
4650 management only; user-code should use print_mode_value,
4651 print_mode_active, PrintMode.setmp etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4653 * Functions system/system_out provide a robust way to invoke external
4654 shell commands, with propagation of interrupts (requires Poly/ML
4655 5.2.1). Do not use OS.Process.system etc. from the basis library!
4660 * Default settings: PROOFGENERAL_OPTIONS no longer impose xemacs ---
4661 in accordance with Proof General 3.7, which prefers GNU emacs.
4663 * isatool tty runs Isabelle process with plain tty interaction;
4664 optional line editor may be specified via ISABELLE_LINE_EDITOR
4665 setting, the default settings attempt to locate "ledit" and "rlwrap".
4667 * isatool browser now works with Cygwin as well, using general
4668 "javapath" function defined in Isabelle process environment.
4670 * YXML notation provides a simple and efficient alternative to
4671 standard XML transfer syntax. See src/Pure/General/yxml.ML and
4672 isatool yxml as described in the Isabelle system manual.
4674 * JVM class isabelle.IsabelleProcess (located in Isabelle/lib/classes)
4675 provides general wrapper for managing an Isabelle process in a robust
4676 fashion, with ``cooked'' output from stdin/stderr.
4678 * Rudimentary Isabelle plugin for jEdit (see Isabelle/lib/jedit),
4679 based on Isabelle/JVM process wrapper (see Isabelle/lib/classes).
4681 * Removed obsolete THIS_IS_ISABELLE_BUILD feature. NB: the documented
4682 way of changing the user's settings is via
4683 ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/settings, which is a fully featured bash
4686 * Multithreading.max_threads := 0 refers to the number of actual CPU
4687 cores of the underlying machine, which is a good starting point for
4688 optimal performance tuning. The corresponding usedir option -M allows
4689 "max" as an alias for "0". WARNING: does not work on certain versions
4690 of Mac OS (with Poly/ML 5.1).
4692 * isabelle-process: non-ML sessions are run with "nice", to reduce the
4693 adverse effect of Isabelle flooding interactive front-ends (notably
4694 ProofGeneral / XEmacs).
4698 New in Isabelle2007 (November 2007)
4699 -----------------------------------
4703 * More uniform information about legacy features, notably a
4704 warning/error of "Legacy feature: ...", depending on the state of the
4705 tolerate_legacy_features flag (default true). FUTURE INCOMPATIBILITY:
4706 legacy features will disappear eventually.
4708 * Theory syntax: the header format ``theory A = B + C:'' has been
4709 discontinued in favour of ``theory A imports B C begin''. Use isatool
4710 fixheaders to convert existing theory files. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4712 * Theory syntax: the old non-Isar theory file format has been
4713 discontinued altogether. Note that ML proof scripts may still be used
4714 with Isar theories; migration is usually quite simple with the ML
4715 function use_legacy_bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4717 * Theory syntax: some popular names (e.g. 'class', 'declaration',
4718 'fun', 'help', 'if') are now keywords. INCOMPATIBILITY, use double
4721 * Theory loader: be more serious about observing the static theory
4722 header specifications (including optional directories), but not the
4723 accidental file locations of previously successful loads. The strict
4724 update policy of former update_thy is now already performed by
4725 use_thy, so the former has been removed; use_thys updates several
4726 theories simultaneously, just as 'imports' within a theory header
4727 specification, but without merging the results. Potential
4728 INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to refine theory headers and commands
4729 ROOT.ML which depend on load order.
4731 * Theory loader: optional support for content-based file
4732 identification, instead of the traditional scheme of full physical
4733 path plus date stamp; configured by the ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT setting
4734 (cf. the system manual). The new scheme allows to work with
4735 non-finished theories in persistent session images, such that source
4736 files may be moved later on without requiring reloads.
4738 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
4739 file (with the same base name as the theory) are considered a legacy
4740 feature, which will disappear eventually. Even now, the theory loader
4741 no longer maintains dependencies on such files.
4743 * Syntax: the scope for resolving ambiguities via type-inference is
4744 now limited to individual terms, instead of whole simultaneous
4745 specifications as before. This greatly reduces the complexity of the
4746 syntax module and improves flexibility by separating parsing and
4747 type-checking. INCOMPATIBILITY: additional type-constraints (explicit
4748 'fixes' etc.) are required in rare situations.
4750 * Syntax: constants introduced by new-style packages ('definition',
4751 'abbreviation' etc.) are passed through the syntax module in
4752 ``authentic mode''. This means that associated mixfix annotations
4753 really stick to such constants, independently of potential name space
4754 ambiguities introduced later on. INCOMPATIBILITY: constants in parse
4755 trees are represented slightly differently, may need to adapt syntax
4756 translations accordingly. Use CONST marker in 'translations' and
4757 @{const_syntax} antiquotation in 'parse_translation' etc.
4759 * Legacy goal package: reduced interface to the bare minimum required
4760 to keep existing proof scripts running. Most other user-level
4761 functions are now part of the OldGoals structure, which is *not* open
4762 by default (consider isatool expandshort before open OldGoals).
4763 Removed top_sg, prin, printyp, pprint_term/typ altogether, because
4764 these tend to cause confusion about the actual goal (!) context being
4765 used here, which is not necessarily the same as the_context().
4767 * Command 'find_theorems': supports "*" wild-card in "name:"
4768 criterion; "with_dups" option. Certain ProofGeneral versions might
4769 support a specific search form (see ProofGeneral/CHANGES).
4771 * The ``prems limit'' option (cf. ProofContext.prems_limit) is now -1
4772 by default, which means that "prems" (and also "fixed variables") are
4773 suppressed from proof state output. Note that the ProofGeneral
4774 settings mechanism allows to change and save options persistently, but
4775 older versions of Isabelle will fail to start up if a negative prems
4778 * Local theory targets may be specified by non-nested blocks of
4779 ``context/locale/class ... begin'' followed by ``end''. The body may
4780 contain definitions, theorems etc., including any derived mechanism
4781 that has been implemented on top of these primitives. This concept
4782 generalizes the existing ``theorem (in ...)'' towards more versatility
4785 * Proof General interface: proper undo of final 'end' command;
4786 discontinued Isabelle/classic mode (ML proof scripts).
4789 *** Document preparation ***
4791 * Added antiquotation @{theory name} which prints the given name,
4792 after checking that it refers to a valid ancestor theory in the
4795 * Added antiquotations @{ML_type text} and @{ML_struct text} which
4796 check the given source text as ML type/structure, printing verbatim.
4798 * Added antiquotation @{abbrev "c args"} which prints the abbreviation
4799 "c args == rhs" given in the current context. (Any number of
4800 arguments may be given on the LHS.)
4805 * The 'class' package offers a combination of axclass and locale to
4806 achieve Haskell-like type classes in Isabelle. Definitions and
4807 theorems within a class context produce both relative results (with
4808 implicit parameters according to the locale context), and polymorphic
4809 constants with qualified polymorphism (according to the class
4810 context). Within the body context of a 'class' target, a separate
4811 syntax layer ("user space type system") takes care of converting
4812 between global polymorphic consts and internal locale representation.
4813 See src/HOL/ex/Classpackage.thy for examples (as well as main HOL).
4814 "isatool doc classes" provides a tutorial.
4816 * Generic code generator framework allows to generate executable
4817 code for ML and Haskell (including Isabelle classes). A short usage
4820 internal compilation:
4821 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML
4822 writing SML code to a file:
4823 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML <filename>
4824 writing OCaml code to a file:
4825 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in OCaml <filename>
4826 writing Haskell code to a bunch of files:
4827 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in Haskell <filename>
4829 evaluating closed propositions to True/False using code generation:
4832 Reasonable default setup of framework in HOL.
4834 Theorem attributs for selecting and transforming function equations theorems:
4836 [code fun]: select a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
4837 [code fun del]: deselect a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
4838 [code inline]: select an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
4839 [code inline del]: deselect an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
4841 User-defined serializations (target in {SML, OCaml, Haskell}):
4843 code_const <and-list of constants (term syntax)>
4844 {(target) <and-list of const target syntax>}+
4846 code_type <and-list of type constructors>
4847 {(target) <and-list of type target syntax>}+
4849 code_instance <and-list of instances>
4851 where instance ::= <type constructor> :: <class>
4853 code_class <and_list of classes>
4854 {(target) <and-list of class target syntax>}+
4855 where class target syntax ::= <class name> {where {<classop> == <target syntax>}+}?
4857 code_instance and code_class only are effective to target Haskell.
4859 For example usage see src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator.thy and
4860 src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator_Pretty.thy. A separate tutorial on code
4861 generation from Isabelle/HOL theories is available via "isatool doc
4864 * Code generator: consts in 'consts_code' Isar commands are now
4865 referred to by usual term syntax (including optional type
4868 * Command 'no_translations' removes translation rules from theory
4871 * Overloaded definitions are now actually checked for acyclic
4872 dependencies. The overloading scheme is slightly more general than
4873 that of Haskell98, although Isabelle does not demand an exact
4874 correspondence to type class and instance declarations.
4875 INCOMPATIBILITY, use ``defs (unchecked overloaded)'' to admit more
4876 exotic versions of overloading -- at the discretion of the user!
4878 Polymorphic constants are represented via type arguments, i.e. the
4879 instantiation that matches an instance against the most general
4880 declaration given in the signature. For example, with the declaration
4881 c :: 'a => 'a => 'a, an instance c :: nat => nat => nat is represented
4882 as c(nat). Overloading is essentially simultaneous structural
4883 recursion over such type arguments. Incomplete specification patterns
4884 impose global constraints on all occurrences, e.g. c('a * 'a) on the
4885 LHS means that more general c('a * 'b) will be disallowed on any RHS.
4886 Command 'print_theory' outputs the normalized system of recursive
4887 equations, see section "definitions".
4889 * Configuration options are maintained within the theory or proof
4890 context (with name and type bool/int/string), providing a very simple
4891 interface to a poor-man's version of general context data. Tools may
4892 declare options in ML (e.g. using Attrib.config_int) and then refer to
4893 these values using Config.get etc. Users may change options via an
4894 associated attribute of the same name. This form of context
4895 declaration works particularly well with commands 'declare' or
4896 'using', for example ``declare [[foo = 42]]''. Thus it has become
4897 very easy to avoid global references, which would not observe Isar
4898 toplevel undo/redo and fail to work with multithreading.
4900 Various global ML references of Pure and HOL have been turned into
4901 configuration options:
4903 Unify.search_bound unify_search_bound
4904 Unify.trace_bound unify_trace_bound
4905 Unify.trace_simp unify_trace_simp
4906 Unify.trace_types unify_trace_types
4907 Simplifier.simp_depth_limit simp_depth_limit
4908 Blast.depth_limit blast_depth_limit
4909 DatatypeProp.dtK datatype_distinctness_limit
4910 fast_arith_neq_limit fast_arith_neq_limit
4911 fast_arith_split_limit fast_arith_split_limit
4913 * Named collections of theorems may be easily installed as context
4914 data using the functor NamedThmsFun (see also
4915 src/Pure/Tools/named_thms.ML). The user may add or delete facts via
4916 attributes; there is also a toplevel print command. This facility is
4917 just a common case of general context data, which is the preferred way
4918 for anything more complex than just a list of facts in canonical
4921 * Isar: command 'declaration' augments a local theory by generic
4922 declaration functions written in ML. This enables arbitrary content
4923 being added to the context, depending on a morphism that tells the
4924 difference of the original declaration context wrt. the application
4925 context encountered later on.
4927 * Isar: proper interfaces for simplification procedures. Command
4928 'simproc_setup' declares named simprocs (with match patterns, and body
4929 text in ML). Attribute "simproc" adds/deletes simprocs in the current
4930 context. ML antiquotation @{simproc name} retrieves named simprocs.
4932 * Isar: an extra pair of brackets around attribute declarations
4933 abbreviates a theorem reference involving an internal dummy fact,
4934 which will be ignored later --- only the effect of the attribute on
4935 the background context will persist. This form of in-place
4936 declarations is particularly useful with commands like 'declare' and
4937 'using', for example ``have A using [[simproc a]] by simp''.
4939 * Isar: method "assumption" (and implicit closing of subproofs) now
4940 takes simple non-atomic goal assumptions into account: after applying
4941 an assumption as a rule the resulting subgoals are solved by atomic
4942 assumption steps. This is particularly useful to finish 'obtain'
4943 goals, such as "!!x. (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> P x ==> thesis",
4944 without referring to the original premise "!!x. P x ==> thesis" in the
4945 Isar proof context. POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY: method "assumption" is
4948 * Isar: implicit use of prems from the Isar proof context is
4949 considered a legacy feature. Common applications like ``have A .''
4950 may be replaced by ``have A by fact'' or ``note `A`''. In general,
4951 referencing facts explicitly here improves readability and
4952 maintainability of proof texts.
4954 * Isar: improper proof element 'guess' is like 'obtain', but derives
4955 the obtained context from the course of reasoning! For example:
4957 assume "EX x y. A x & B y" -- "any previous fact"
4958 then guess x and y by clarify
4960 This technique is potentially adventurous, depending on the facts and
4961 proof tools being involved here.
4963 * Isar: known facts from the proof context may be specified as literal
4964 propositions, using ASCII back-quote syntax. This works wherever
4965 named facts used to be allowed so far, in proof commands, proof
4966 methods, attributes etc. Literal facts are retrieved from the context
4967 according to unification of type and term parameters. For example,
4968 provided that "A" and "A ==> B" and "!!x. P x ==> Q x" are known
4969 theorems in the current context, then these are valid literal facts:
4970 `A` and `A ==> B` and `!!x. P x ==> Q x" as well as `P a ==> Q a` etc.
4972 There is also a proof method "fact" which does the same composition
4973 for explicit goal states, e.g. the following proof texts coincide with
4974 certain special cases of literal facts:
4976 have "A" by fact == note `A`
4977 have "A ==> B" by fact == note `A ==> B`
4978 have "!!x. P x ==> Q x" by fact == note `!!x. P x ==> Q x`
4979 have "P a ==> Q a" by fact == note `P a ==> Q a`
4981 * Isar: ":" (colon) is no longer a symbolic identifier character in
4982 outer syntax. Thus symbolic identifiers may be used without
4983 additional white space in declarations like this: ``assume *: A''.
4985 * Isar: 'print_facts' prints all local facts of the current context,
4986 both named and unnamed ones.
4988 * Isar: 'def' now admits simultaneous definitions, e.g.:
4990 def x == "t" and y == "u"
4992 * Isar: added command 'unfolding', which is structurally similar to
4993 'using', but affects both the goal state and facts by unfolding given
4994 rewrite rules. Thus many occurrences of the 'unfold' method or
4995 'unfolded' attribute may be replaced by first-class proof text.
4997 * Isar: methods 'unfold' / 'fold', attributes 'unfolded' / 'folded',
4998 and command 'unfolding' now all support object-level equalities
4999 (potentially conditional). The underlying notion of rewrite rule is
5000 analogous to the 'rule_format' attribute, but *not* that of the
5001 Simplifier (which is usually more generous).
5003 * Isar: the new attribute [rotated n] (default n = 1) rotates the
5004 premises of a theorem by n. Useful in conjunction with drule.
5006 * Isar: the goal restriction operator [N] (default N = 1) evaluates a
5007 method expression within a sandbox consisting of the first N
5008 sub-goals, which need to exist. For example, ``simp_all [3]''
5009 simplifies the first three sub-goals, while (rule foo, simp_all)[]
5010 simplifies all new goals that emerge from applying rule foo to the
5011 originally first one.
5013 * Isar: schematic goals are no longer restricted to higher-order
5014 patterns; e.g. ``lemma "?P(?x)" by (rule TrueI)'' now works as
5017 * Isar: the conclusion of a long theorem statement is now either
5018 'shows' (a simultaneous conjunction, as before), or 'obtains'
5019 (essentially a disjunction of cases with local parameters and
5020 assumptions). The latter allows to express general elimination rules
5021 adequately; in this notation common elimination rules look like this:
5023 lemma exE: -- "EX x. P x ==> (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
5025 obtains x where "P x"
5027 lemma conjE: -- "A & B ==> (A ==> B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
5031 lemma disjE: -- "A | B ==> (A ==> thesis) ==> (B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
5037 The subsequent classical rules even refer to the formal "thesis"
5040 lemma classical: -- "(~ thesis ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
5043 lemma Peirce's_Law: -- "((thesis ==> something) ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
5044 obtains "thesis ==> something"
5046 The actual proof of an 'obtains' statement is analogous to that of the
5047 Isar proof element 'obtain', only that there may be several cases.
5048 Optional case names may be specified in parentheses; these will be
5049 available both in the present proof and as annotations in the
5050 resulting rule, for later use with the 'cases' method (cf. attribute
5053 * Isar: the assumptions of a long theorem statement are available as
5054 "assms" fact in the proof context. This is more appropriate than the
5055 (historical) "prems", which refers to all assumptions of the current
5056 context, including those from the target locale, proof body etc.
5058 * Isar: 'print_statement' prints theorems from the current theory or
5059 proof context in long statement form, according to the syntax of a
5062 * Isar: 'obtain' takes an optional case name for the local context
5063 introduction rule (default "that").
5065 * Isar: removed obsolete 'concl is' patterns. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
5066 explicit (is "_ ==> ?foo") in the rare cases where this still happens
5069 * Pure: syntax "CONST name" produces a fully internalized constant
5070 according to the current context. This is particularly useful for
5071 syntax translations that should refer to internal constant
5072 representations independently of name spaces.
5074 * Pure: syntax constant for foo (binder "FOO ") is called "foo_binder"
5075 instead of "FOO ". This allows multiple binder declarations to coexist
5076 in the same context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5078 * Isar/locales: 'notation' provides a robust interface to the 'syntax'
5079 primitive that also works in a locale context (both for constants and
5080 fixed variables). Type declaration and internal syntactic representation
5081 of given constants retrieved from the context. Likewise, the
5082 'no_notation' command allows to remove given syntax annotations from the
5085 * Isar/locales: new derived specification elements 'axiomatization',
5086 'definition', 'abbreviation', which support type-inference, admit
5087 object-level specifications (equality, equivalence). See also the
5088 isar-ref manual. Examples:
5091 eq (infix "===" 50) where
5092 eq_refl: "x === x" and eq_subst: "x === y ==> P x ==> P y"
5094 definition "f x y = x + y + 1"
5095 definition g where "g x = f x x"
5098 neq (infix "=!=" 50) where
5099 "x =!= y == ~ (x === y)"
5101 These specifications may be also used in a locale context. Then the
5102 constants being introduced depend on certain fixed parameters, and the
5103 constant name is qualified by the locale base name. An internal
5104 abbreviation takes care for convenient input and output, making the
5105 parameters implicit and using the original short name. See also
5106 src/HOL/ex/Abstract_NAT.thy for an example of deriving polymorphic
5107 entities from a monomorphic theory.
5109 Presently, abbreviations are only available 'in' a target locale, but
5110 not inherited by general import expressions. Also note that
5111 'abbreviation' may be used as a type-safe replacement for 'syntax' +
5112 'translations' in common applications. The "no_abbrevs" print mode
5113 prevents folding of abbreviations in term output.
5115 Concrete syntax is attached to specified constants in internal form,
5116 independently of name spaces. The parse tree representation is
5117 slightly different -- use 'notation' instead of raw 'syntax', and
5118 'translations' with explicit "CONST" markup to accommodate this.
5120 * Pure/Isar: unified syntax for new-style specification mechanisms
5121 (e.g. 'definition', 'abbreviation', or 'inductive' in HOL) admits
5122 full type inference and dummy patterns ("_"). For example:
5124 definition "K x _ = x"
5126 inductive conj for A B
5127 where "A ==> B ==> conj A B"
5129 * Pure: command 'print_abbrevs' prints all constant abbreviations of
5130 the current context. Print mode "no_abbrevs" prevents inversion of
5131 abbreviations on output.
5133 * Isar/locales: improved parameter handling: use of locales "var" and
5134 "struct" no longer necessary; - parameter renamings are no longer
5135 required to be injective. For example, this allows to define
5136 endomorphisms as locale endom = homom mult mult h.
5138 * Isar/locales: changed the way locales with predicates are defined.
5139 Instead of accumulating the specification, the imported expression is
5140 now an interpretation. INCOMPATIBILITY: different normal form of
5141 locale expressions. In particular, in interpretations of locales with
5142 predicates, goals repesenting already interpreted fragments are not
5143 removed automatically. Use methods `intro_locales' and
5144 `unfold_locales'; see below.
5146 * Isar/locales: new methods `intro_locales' and `unfold_locales'
5147 provide backward reasoning on locales predicates. The methods are
5148 aware of interpretations and discharge corresponding goals.
5149 `intro_locales' is less aggressive then `unfold_locales' and does not
5150 unfold predicates to assumptions.
5152 * Isar/locales: the order in which locale fragments are accumulated
5153 has changed. This enables to override declarations from fragments due
5154 to interpretations -- for example, unwanted simp rules.
5156 * Isar/locales: interpretation in theories and proof contexts has been
5157 extended. One may now specify (and prove) equations, which are
5158 unfolded in interpreted theorems. This is useful for replacing
5159 defined concepts (constants depending on locale parameters) by
5160 concepts already existing in the target context. Example:
5162 interpretation partial_order ["op <= :: [int, int] => bool"]
5163 where "partial_order.less (op <=) (x::int) y = (x < y)"
5165 Typically, the constant `partial_order.less' is created by a
5166 definition specification element in the context of locale
5169 * Method "induct": improved internal context management to support
5170 local fixes and defines on-the-fly. Thus explicit meta-level
5171 connectives !! and ==> are rarely required anymore in inductive goals
5172 (using object-logic connectives for this purpose has been long
5173 obsolete anyway). Common proof patterns are explained in
5174 src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, see also
5175 src/HOL/Isar_examples/Puzzle.thy and src/HOL/Lambda for realistic
5178 * Method "induct": improved handling of simultaneous goals. Instead of
5179 introducing object-level conjunction, the statement is now split into
5180 several conclusions, while the corresponding symbolic cases are nested
5181 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, proofs need to be structured explicitly,
5182 see src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, for example.
5184 * Method "induct": mutual induction rules are now specified as a list
5185 of rule sharing the same induction cases. HOL packages usually provide
5186 foo_bar.inducts for mutually defined items foo and bar (e.g. inductive
5187 predicates/sets or datatypes). INCOMPATIBILITY, users need to specify
5188 mutual induction rules differently, i.e. like this:
5190 (induct rule: foo_bar.inducts)
5191 (induct set: foo bar)
5192 (induct pred: foo bar)
5193 (induct type: foo bar)
5195 The ML function ProjectRule.projections turns old-style rules into the
5198 * Method "coinduct": dual of induction, see
5199 src/HOL/Library/Coinductive_List.thy for various examples.
5201 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": the ``(open)'' option is
5202 considered a legacy feature.
5204 * Attribute "symmetric" produces result with standardized schematic
5205 variables (index 0). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
5207 * Simplifier: by default the simplifier trace only shows top level
5208 rewrites now. That is, trace_simp_depth_limit is set to 1 by
5209 default. Thus there is less danger of being flooded by the trace. The
5210 trace indicates where parts have been suppressed.
5212 * Provers/classical: removed obsolete classical version of elim_format
5213 attribute; classical elim/dest rules are now treated uniformly when
5214 manipulating the claset.
5216 * Provers/classical: stricter checks to ensure that supplied intro,
5217 dest and elim rules are well-formed; dest and elim rules must have at
5220 * Provers/classical: attributes dest/elim/intro take an optional
5221 weight argument for the rule (just as the Pure versions). Weights are
5222 ignored by automated tools, but determine the search order of single
5225 * Syntax: input syntax now supports dummy variable binding "%_. b",
5226 where the body does not mention the bound variable. Note that dummy
5227 patterns implicitly depend on their context of bounds, which makes
5228 "{_. _}" match any set comprehension as expected. Potential
5229 INCOMPATIBILITY -- parse translations need to cope with syntactic
5230 constant "_idtdummy" in the binding position.
5232 * Syntax: removed obsolete syntactic constant "_K" and its associated
5233 parse translation. INCOMPATIBILITY -- use dummy abstraction instead,
5234 for example "A -> B" => "Pi A (%_. B)".
5236 * Pure: 'class_deps' command visualizes the subclass relation, using
5237 the graph browser tool.
5239 * Pure: 'print_theory' now suppresses certain internal declarations by
5240 default; use '!' option for full details.
5245 * Method "metis" proves goals by applying the Metis general-purpose
5246 resolution prover (see also http://gilith.com/software/metis/).
5247 Examples are in the directory MetisExamples. WARNING: the
5248 Isabelle/HOL-Metis integration does not yet work properly with
5251 * Command 'sledgehammer' invokes external automatic theorem provers as
5252 background processes. It generates calls to the "metis" method if
5253 successful. These can be pasted into the proof. Users do not have to
5254 wait for the automatic provers to return. WARNING: does not really
5255 work with multi-threading.
5257 * New "auto_quickcheck" feature tests outermost goal statements for
5258 potential counter-examples. Controlled by ML references
5259 auto_quickcheck (default true) and auto_quickcheck_time_limit (default
5260 5000 milliseconds). Fails silently if statements is outside of
5261 executable fragment, or any other codgenerator problem occurs.
5263 * New constant "undefined" with axiom "undefined x = undefined".
5265 * Added class "HOL.eq", allowing for code generation with polymorphic
5268 * Some renaming of class constants due to canonical name prefixing in
5269 the new 'class' package:
5271 HOL.abs ~> HOL.abs_class.abs
5272 HOL.divide ~> HOL.divide_class.divide
5273 0 ~> HOL.zero_class.zero
5274 1 ~> HOL.one_class.one
5275 op + ~> HOL.plus_class.plus
5276 op - ~> HOL.minus_class.minus
5277 uminus ~> HOL.minus_class.uminus
5278 op * ~> HOL.times_class.times
5279 op < ~> HOL.ord_class.less
5280 op <= > HOL.ord_class.less_eq
5281 Nat.power ~> Power.power_class.power
5282 Nat.size ~> Nat.size_class.size
5283 Numeral.number_of ~> Numeral.number_class.number_of
5284 FixedPoint.Inf ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Inf
5285 FixedPoint.Sup ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Sup
5286 Orderings.min ~> Orderings.ord_class.min
5287 Orderings.max ~> Orderings.ord_class.max
5288 Divides.op div ~> Divides.div_class.div
5289 Divides.op mod ~> Divides.div_class.mod
5290 Divides.op dvd ~> Divides.div_class.dvd
5292 INCOMPATIBILITY. Adaptions may be required in the following cases:
5294 a) User-defined constants using any of the names "plus", "minus",
5295 "times", "less" or "less_eq". The standard syntax translations for
5296 "+", "-" and "*" may go wrong. INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific
5299 b) Variables named "plus", "minus", "times", "less", "less_eq"
5300 INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific names.
5302 c) Permutative equations (e.g. "a + b = b + a")
5303 Since the change of names also changes the order of terms, permutative
5304 rewrite rules may get applied in a different order. Experience shows
5305 that this is rarely the case (only two adaptions in the whole Isabelle
5306 distribution). INCOMPATIBILITY: rewrite proofs
5308 d) ML code directly refering to constant names
5309 This in general only affects hand-written proof tactics, simprocs and
5310 so on. INCOMPATIBILITY: grep your sourcecode and replace names.
5311 Consider using @{const_name} antiquotation.
5313 * New class "default" with associated constant "default".
5315 * Function "sgn" is now overloaded and available on int, real, complex
5316 (and other numeric types), using class "sgn". Two possible defs of
5317 sgn are given as equational assumptions in the classes sgn_if and
5318 sgn_div_norm; ordered_idom now also inherits from sgn_if.
5321 * Locale "partial_order" now unified with class "order" (cf. theory
5322 Orderings), added parameter "less". INCOMPATIBILITY.
5324 * Renamings in classes "order" and "linorder": facts "refl", "trans" and
5325 "cases" to "order_refl", "order_trans" and "linorder_cases", to avoid
5326 clashes with HOL "refl" and "trans". INCOMPATIBILITY.
5328 * Classes "order" and "linorder": potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to
5329 changed order of proof goals in instance proofs.
5331 * The transitivity reasoner for partial and linear orders is set up
5332 for classes "order" and "linorder". Instances of the reasoner are available
5333 in all contexts importing or interpreting the corresponding locales.
5334 Method "order" invokes the reasoner separately; the reasoner
5335 is also integrated with the Simplifier as a solver. Diagnostic
5336 command 'print_orders' shows the available instances of the reasoner
5337 in the current context.
5339 * Localized monotonicity predicate in theory "Orderings"; integrated
5340 lemmas max_of_mono and min_of_mono with this predicate.
5343 * Formulation of theorem "dense" changed slightly due to integration
5344 with new class dense_linear_order.
5346 * Uniform lattice theory development in HOL.
5348 constants "meet" and "join" now named "inf" and "sup"
5349 constant "Meet" now named "Inf"
5351 classes "meet_semilorder" and "join_semilorder" now named
5352 "lower_semilattice" and "upper_semilattice"
5353 class "lorder" now named "lattice"
5354 class "comp_lat" now named "complete_lattice"
5356 Instantiation of lattice classes allows explicit definitions
5357 for "inf" and "sup" operations (or "Inf" and "Sup" for complete lattices).
5359 INCOMPATIBILITY. Theorem renames:
5361 meet_left_le ~> inf_le1
5362 meet_right_le ~> inf_le2
5363 join_left_le ~> sup_ge1
5364 join_right_le ~> sup_ge2
5365 meet_join_le ~> inf_sup_ord
5368 le_meet ~> le_inf_iff
5369 le_join ~> ge_sup_conv
5370 meet_idempotent ~> inf_idem
5371 join_idempotent ~> sup_idem
5372 meet_comm ~> inf_commute
5373 join_comm ~> sup_commute
5374 meet_leI1 ~> le_infI1
5375 meet_leI2 ~> le_infI2
5376 le_joinI1 ~> le_supI1
5377 le_joinI2 ~> le_supI2
5378 meet_assoc ~> inf_assoc
5379 join_assoc ~> sup_assoc
5380 meet_left_comm ~> inf_left_commute
5381 meet_left_idempotent ~> inf_left_idem
5382 join_left_comm ~> sup_left_commute
5383 join_left_idempotent ~> sup_left_idem
5386 le_def_meet ~> le_iff_inf
5387 le_def_join ~> le_iff_sup
5388 join_absorp2 ~> sup_absorb2
5389 join_absorp1 ~> sup_absorb1
5390 meet_absorp1 ~> inf_absorb1
5391 meet_absorp2 ~> inf_absorb2
5392 meet_join_absorp ~> inf_sup_absorb
5393 join_meet_absorp ~> sup_inf_absorb
5394 distrib_join_le ~> distrib_sup_le
5395 distrib_meet_le ~> distrib_inf_le
5397 add_meet_distrib_left ~> add_inf_distrib_left
5398 add_join_distrib_left ~> add_sup_distrib_left
5399 is_join_neg_meet ~> is_join_neg_inf
5400 is_meet_neg_join ~> is_meet_neg_sup
5401 add_meet_distrib_right ~> add_inf_distrib_right
5402 add_join_distrib_right ~> add_sup_distrib_right
5403 add_meet_join_distribs ~> add_sup_inf_distribs
5404 join_eq_neg_meet ~> sup_eq_neg_inf
5405 meet_eq_neg_join ~> inf_eq_neg_sup
5406 add_eq_meet_join ~> add_eq_inf_sup
5407 meet_0_imp_0 ~> inf_0_imp_0
5408 join_0_imp_0 ~> sup_0_imp_0
5409 meet_0_eq_0 ~> inf_0_eq_0
5410 join_0_eq_0 ~> sup_0_eq_0
5411 neg_meet_eq_join ~> neg_inf_eq_sup
5412 neg_join_eq_meet ~> neg_sup_eq_inf
5413 join_eq_if ~> sup_eq_if
5415 mono_meet ~> mono_inf
5416 mono_join ~> mono_sup
5417 meet_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_eq
5418 join_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_eq
5419 meet_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_eq
5420 join_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_eq
5421 meet_set_eq ~> inf_set_eq
5422 join_set_eq ~> sup_set_eq
5423 meet1_iff ~> inf1_iff
5424 meet2_iff ~> inf2_iff
5433 join1_iff ~> sup1_iff
5434 join2_iff ~> sup2_iff
5444 is_meet_Meet ~> is_meet_Inf
5445 Meet_bool_def ~> Inf_bool_def
5446 Meet_fun_def ~> Inf_fun_def
5447 Meet_greatest ~> Inf_greatest
5448 Meet_lower ~> Inf_lower
5449 Meet_set_def ~> Inf_set_def
5452 Sup_bool_eq ~> Sup_bool_def
5453 Sup_fun_eq ~> Sup_fun_def
5454 Sup_set_eq ~> Sup_set_def
5456 listsp_meetI ~> listsp_infI
5457 listsp_meet_eq ~> listsp_inf_eq
5462 * Added syntactic class "size"; overloaded constant "size" now has
5463 type "'a::size ==> bool"
5465 * Internal reorganisation of `size' of datatypes: size theorems
5466 "foo.size" are no longer subsumed by "foo.simps" (but are still
5467 simplification rules by default!); theorems "prod.size" now named
5470 * Class "div" now inherits from class "times" rather than "type".
5473 * HOL/Finite_Set: "name-space" locales Lattice, Distrib_lattice,
5474 Linorder etc. have disappeared; operations defined in terms of
5475 fold_set now are named Inf_fin, Sup_fin. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5477 * HOL/Nat: neq0_conv no longer declared as iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5479 * HOL-Word: New extensive library and type for generic, fixed size
5480 machine words, with arithmetic, bit-wise, shifting and rotating
5481 operations, reflection into int, nat, and bool lists, automation for
5482 linear arithmetic (by automatic reflection into nat or int), including
5483 lemmas on overflow and monotonicity. Instantiated to all appropriate
5484 arithmetic type classes, supporting automatic simplification of
5485 numerals on all operations.
5487 * Library/Boolean_Algebra: locales for abstract boolean algebras.
5489 * Library/Numeral_Type: numbers as types, e.g. TYPE(32).
5491 * Code generator library theories:
5492 - Code_Integer represents HOL integers by big integer literals in target
5494 - Code_Char represents HOL characters by character literals in target
5496 - Code_Char_chr like Code_Char, but also offers treatment of character
5497 codes; includes Code_Integer.
5498 - Executable_Set allows to generate code for finite sets using lists.
5499 - Executable_Rat implements rational numbers as triples (sign, enumerator,
5501 - Executable_Real implements a subset of real numbers, namly those
5502 representable by rational numbers.
5503 - Efficient_Nat implements natural numbers by integers, which in general will
5504 result in higher efficency; pattern matching with 0/Suc is eliminated;
5505 includes Code_Integer.
5506 - Code_Index provides an additional datatype index which is mapped to
5507 target-language built-in integers.
5508 - Code_Message provides an additional datatype message_string which is isomorphic to
5509 strings; messages are mapped to target-language strings.
5511 * New package for inductive predicates
5513 An n-ary predicate p with m parameters z_1, ..., z_m can now be defined via
5516 p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
5517 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
5519 rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
5522 with full support for type-inference, rather than
5524 consts s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
5526 abbreviation p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
5527 where "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5529 inductive "s z_1 ... z_m"
5531 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5534 For backward compatibility, there is a wrapper allowing inductive
5535 sets to be defined with the new package via
5538 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
5539 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
5541 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5547 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
5548 and p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
5549 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
5551 "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5552 | rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
5555 if the additional syntax "p ..." is required.
5557 Numerous examples can be found in the subdirectories src/HOL/Auth,
5558 src/HOL/Bali, src/HOL/Induct, and src/HOL/MicroJava.
5562 - Since declaration and definition of inductive sets or predicates
5563 is no longer separated, abbreviations involving the newly
5564 introduced sets or predicates must be specified together with the
5565 introduction rules after the 'where' keyword (see above), rather
5566 than before the actual inductive definition.
5568 - The variables in induction and elimination rules are now
5569 quantified in the order of their occurrence in the introduction
5570 rules, rather than in alphabetical order. Since this may break
5571 some proofs, these proofs either have to be repaired, e.g. by
5572 reordering the variables a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i} in Isar 'case'
5573 statements of the form
5575 case (rule_i a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i})
5577 or the old order of quantification has to be restored by explicitly adding
5578 meta-level quantifiers in the introduction rules, i.e.
5580 | rule_i: "!!a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i}. ... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_i_1 ... t_i_n"
5582 - The format of the elimination rules is now
5584 p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n ==>
5585 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
5590 (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
5591 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
5594 for sets rather than
5596 x : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
5597 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x = (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) ==> ... ==> P)
5600 This may require terms in goals to be expanded to n-tuples
5601 (e.g. using case_tac or simplification with the split_paired_all
5602 rule) before the above elimination rule is applicable.
5604 - The elimination or case analysis rules for (mutually) inductive
5605 sets or predicates are now called "p_1.cases" ... "p_k.cases". The
5606 list of rules "p_1_..._p_k.elims" is no longer available.
5608 * New package "function"/"fun" for general recursive functions,
5609 supporting mutual and nested recursion, definitions in local contexts,
5610 more general pattern matching and partiality. See HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy
5611 for small examples, and the separate tutorial on the function
5612 package. The old recdef "package" is still available as before, but
5613 users are encouraged to use the new package.
5615 * Method "lexicographic_order" automatically synthesizes termination
5616 relations as lexicographic combinations of size measures.
5618 * Case-expressions allow arbitrary constructor-patterns (including
5619 "_") and take their order into account, like in functional
5620 programming. Internally, this is translated into nested
5621 case-expressions; missing cases are added and mapped to the predefined
5622 constant "undefined". In complicated cases printing may no longer show
5623 the original input but the internal form. Lambda-abstractions allow
5624 the same form of pattern matching: "% pat1 => e1 | ..." is an
5625 abbreviation for "%x. case x of pat1 => e1 | ..." where x is a new
5628 * IntDef: The constant "int :: nat => int" has been removed; now "int"
5629 is an abbreviation for "of_nat :: nat => int". The simplification
5630 rules for "of_nat" have been changed to work like "int" did
5631 previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
5632 - "of_nat (Suc m)" simplifies to "1 + of_nat m" instead of "of_nat m + 1"
5633 - of_nat_diff and of_nat_mult are no longer default simp rules
5635 * Method "algebra" solves polynomial equations over (semi)rings using
5636 Groebner bases. The (semi)ring structure is defined by locales and the
5637 tool setup depends on that generic context. Installing the method for
5638 a specific type involves instantiating the locale and possibly adding
5639 declarations for computation on the coefficients. The method is
5640 already instantiated for natural numbers and for the axiomatic class
5641 of idoms with numerals. See also the paper by Chaieb and Wenzel at
5642 CALCULEMUS 2007 for the general principles underlying this
5643 architecture of context-aware proof-tools.
5645 * Method "ferrack" implements quantifier elimination over
5646 special-purpose dense linear orders using locales (analogous to
5647 "algebra"). The method is already installed for class
5648 {ordered_field,recpower,number_ring} which subsumes real, hyperreal,
5651 * Former constant "List.op @" now named "List.append". Use ML
5652 antiquotations @{const_name List.append} or @{term " ... @ ... "} to
5653 circumvent possible incompatibilities when working on ML level.
5655 * primrec: missing cases mapped to "undefined" instead of "arbitrary".
5657 * New function listsum :: 'a list => 'a for arbitrary monoids.
5658 Special syntax: "SUM x <- xs. f x" (and latex variants)
5660 * New syntax for Haskell-like list comprehension (input only), eg.
5661 [(x,y). x <- xs, y <- ys, x ~= y], see also src/HOL/List.thy.
5663 * The special syntax for function "filter" has changed from [x :
5664 xs. P] to [x <- xs. P] to avoid an ambiguity caused by list
5665 comprehension syntax, and for uniformity. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5667 * [a..b] is now defined for arbitrary linear orders. It used to be
5668 defined on nat only, as an abbreviation for [a..<Suc b]
5671 * Renamed lemma "set_take_whileD" to "set_takeWhileD".
5673 * New functions "sorted" and "sort" in src/HOL/List.thy.
5675 * New lemma collection field_simps (an extension of ring_simps) for
5676 manipulating (in)equations involving division. Multiplies with all
5677 denominators that can be proved to be non-zero (in equations) or
5678 positive/negative (in inequations).
5680 * Lemma collections ring_eq_simps, group_eq_simps and ring_distrib
5681 have been improved and renamed to ring_simps, group_simps and
5682 ring_distribs. Removed lemmas field_xyz in theory Ring_and_Field
5683 because they were subsumed by lemmas xyz. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5685 * Theory Library/Commutative_Ring: switched from recdef to function
5686 package; constants add, mul, pow now curried. Infix syntax for
5687 algebraic operations.
5689 * Dropped redundant lemma def_imp_eq in favor of meta_eq_to_obj_eq.
5692 * Dropped redundant lemma if_def2 in favor of if_bool_eq_conj.
5695 * HOL/records: generalised field-update to take a function on the
5696 field rather than the new value: r(|A := x|) is translated to A_update
5697 (K x) r The K-combinator that is internally used is called K_record.
5698 INCOMPATIBILITY: Usage of the plain update functions has to be
5701 * Class "semiring_0" now contains annihilation axioms x * 0 = 0 and 0
5702 * x = 0, which are required for a semiring. Richer structures do not
5703 inherit from semiring_0 anymore, because this property is a theorem
5704 there, not an axiom. INCOMPATIBILITY: In instances of semiring_0,
5705 there is more to prove, but this is mostly trivial.
5707 * Class "recpower" is generalized to arbitrary monoids, not just
5708 commutative semirings. INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to incorporate
5709 commutativity or semiring properties additionally.
5711 * Constant "List.list_all2" in List.thy now uses authentic syntax.
5712 INCOMPATIBILITY: translations containing list_all2 may go wrong,
5713 better use 'abbreviation'.
5715 * Renamed constant "List.op mem" to "List.member". INCOMPATIBILITY.
5717 * Numeral syntax: type 'bin' which was a mere type copy of 'int' has
5718 been abandoned in favour of plain 'int'. INCOMPATIBILITY --
5719 significant changes for setting up numeral syntax for types:
5720 - New constants Numeral.pred and Numeral.succ instead
5721 of former Numeral.bin_pred and Numeral.bin_succ.
5722 - Use integer operations instead of bin_add, bin_mult and so on.
5723 - Numeral simplification theorems named Numeral.numeral_simps instead of Bin_simps.
5724 - ML structure Bin_Simprocs now named Int_Numeral_Base_Simprocs.
5726 See src/HOL/Integ/IntArith.thy for an example setup.
5728 * Command 'normal_form' computes the normal form of a term that may
5729 contain free variables. For example ``normal_form "rev [a, b, c]"''
5730 produces ``[b, c, a]'' (without proof). This command is suitable for
5731 heavy-duty computations because the functions are compiled to ML
5732 first. Correspondingly, a method "normalization" is provided. See
5733 further src/HOL/ex/NormalForm.thy and src/Tools/nbe.ML.
5735 * Alternative iff syntax "A <-> B" for equality on bool (with priority
5736 25 like -->); output depends on the "iff" print_mode, the default is
5737 "A = B" (with priority 50).
5739 * Relations less (<) and less_eq (<=) are also available on type bool.
5740 Modified syntax to disallow nesting without explicit parentheses,
5741 e.g. "(x < y) < z" or "x < (y < z)", but NOT "x < y < z". Potential
5744 * "LEAST x:A. P" expands to "LEAST x. x:A & P" (input only).
5746 * Relation composition operator "op O" now has precedence 75 and binds
5747 stronger than union and intersection. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5749 * The old set interval syntax "{m..n(}" (and relatives) has been
5750 removed. Use "{m..<n}" (and relatives) instead.
5752 * In the context of the assumption "~(s = t)" the Simplifier rewrites
5753 "t = s" to False (by simproc "neq"). INCOMPATIBILITY, consider using
5754 ``declare [[simproc del: neq]]''.
5756 * Simplifier: "m dvd n" where m and n are numbers is evaluated to
5759 * Theorem Cons_eq_map_conv no longer declared as "simp".
5761 * Theorem setsum_mult renamed to setsum_right_distrib.
5763 * Prefer ex1I over ex_ex1I in single-step reasoning, e.g. by the
5766 * Reimplemented methods "sat" and "satx", with several improvements:
5767 goals no longer need to be stated as "<prems> ==> False", equivalences
5768 (i.e. "=" on type bool) are handled, variable names of the form
5769 "lit_<n>" are no longer reserved, significant speedup.
5771 * Methods "sat" and "satx" can now replay MiniSat proof traces.
5772 zChaff is still supported as well.
5774 * 'inductive' and 'datatype': provide projections of mutual rules,
5775 bundled as foo_bar.inducts;
5777 * Library: moved theories Parity, GCD, Binomial, Infinite_Set to
5780 * Library: moved theory Accessible_Part to main HOL.
5782 * Library: added theory Coinductive_List of potentially infinite lists
5783 as greatest fixed-point.
5785 * Library: added theory AssocList which implements (finite) maps as
5788 * Method "evaluation" solves goals (i.e. a boolean expression)
5789 efficiently by compiling it to ML. The goal is "proved" (via an
5790 oracle) if it evaluates to True.
5792 * Linear arithmetic now splits certain operators (e.g. min, max, abs)
5793 also when invoked by the simplifier. This results in the Simplifier
5794 being more powerful on arithmetic goals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5795 Configuration option fast_arith_split_limit=0 recovers the old
5798 * Support for hex (0x20) and binary (0b1001) numerals.
5800 * New method: reify eqs (t), where eqs are equations for an
5801 interpretation I :: 'a list => 'b => 'c and t::'c is an optional
5802 parameter, computes a term s::'b and a list xs::'a list and proves the
5803 theorem I xs s = t. This is also known as reification or quoting. The
5804 resulting theorem is applied to the subgoal to substitute t with I xs
5805 s. If t is omitted, the subgoal itself is reified.
5807 * New method: reflection corr_thm eqs (t). The parameters eqs and (t)
5808 are as explained above. corr_thm is a theorem for I vs (f t) = I vs t,
5809 where f is supposed to be a computable function (in the sense of code
5810 generattion). The method uses reify to compute s and xs as above then
5811 applies corr_thm and uses normalization by evaluation to "prove" f s =
5812 r and finally gets the theorem t = r, which is again applied to the
5813 subgoal. An Example is available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy.
5815 * Reflection: Automatic reification now handels binding, an example is
5816 available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy
5818 * HOL-Statespace: ``State Spaces: The Locale Way'' introduces a
5819 command 'statespace' that is similar to 'record', but introduces an
5820 abstract specification based on the locale infrastructure instead of
5821 HOL types. This leads to extra flexibility in composing state spaces,
5822 in particular multiple inheritance and renaming of components.
5827 * Hyperreal: Functions root and sqrt are now defined on negative real
5828 inputs so that root n (- x) = - root n x and sqrt (- x) = - sqrt x.
5829 Nonnegativity side conditions have been removed from many lemmas, so
5830 that more subgoals may now be solved by simplification; potential
5833 * Real: new type classes formalize real normed vector spaces and
5834 algebras, using new overloaded constants scaleR :: real => 'a => 'a
5835 and norm :: 'a => real.
5837 * Real: constant of_real :: real => 'a::real_algebra_1 injects from
5838 reals into other types. The overloaded constant Reals :: 'a set is now
5839 defined as range of_real; potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
5841 * Real: proper support for ML code generation, including 'quickcheck'.
5842 Reals are implemented as arbitrary precision rationals.
5844 * Hyperreal: Several constants that previously worked only for the
5845 reals have been generalized, so they now work over arbitrary vector
5846 spaces. Type annotations may need to be added in some cases; potential
5849 Infinitesimal :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
5850 HFinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
5851 HInfinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
5852 approx :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star => bool
5853 monad :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
5854 galaxy :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
5855 (NS)LIMSEQ :: [nat => 'a::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
5856 (NS)convergent :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
5857 (NS)Bseq :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
5858 (NS)Cauchy :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
5859 (NS)LIM :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a, 'b] => bool
5860 is(NS)Cont :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
5861 deriv :: ['a::real_normed_field => 'a, 'a, 'a] => bool
5862 sgn :: 'a::real_normed_vector => 'a
5863 exp :: 'a::{recpower,real_normed_field,banach} => 'a
5865 * Complex: Some complex-specific constants are now abbreviations for
5866 overloaded ones: complex_of_real = of_real, cmod = norm, hcmod =
5867 hnorm. Other constants have been entirely removed in favor of the
5868 polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
5872 HInfinite <-- CInfinite
5873 Infinitesimal <-- CInfinitesimal
5876 (NS)LIM <-- (NS)CLIM, (NS)CRLIM
5877 is(NS)Cont <-- is(NS)Contc, is(NS)contCR
5878 (ns)deriv <-- (ns)cderiv
5883 * Formalisation of ideals and the quotient construction over rings.
5885 * Order and lattice theory no longer based on records.
5888 * Renamed lemmas least_carrier -> least_closed and greatest_carrier ->
5889 greatest_closed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5891 * Method algebra is now set up via an attribute. For examples see
5892 Ring.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY: the method is now weaker on combinations
5893 of algebraic structures.
5895 * Renamed theory CRing to Ring.
5900 * Substantial, yet incomplete support for nominal datatypes (binding
5901 structures) based on HOL-Nominal logic. See src/HOL/Nominal and
5902 src/HOL/Nominal/Examples. Prospective users should consult
5903 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/nominal/
5908 * ML basics: just one true type int, which coincides with IntInf.int
5911 * ML within Isar: antiquotations allow to embed statically-checked
5912 formal entities in the source, referring to the context available at
5913 compile-time. For example:
5915 ML {* @{sort "{zero,one}"} *}
5916 ML {* @{typ "'a => 'b"} *}
5917 ML {* @{term "%x. x"} *}
5918 ML {* @{prop "x == y"} *}
5919 ML {* @{ctyp "'a => 'b"} *}
5920 ML {* @{cterm "%x. x"} *}
5921 ML {* @{cprop "x == y"} *}
5922 ML {* @{thm asm_rl} *}
5923 ML {* @{thms asm_rl} *}
5924 ML {* @{type_name c} *}
5925 ML {* @{type_syntax c} *}
5926 ML {* @{const_name c} *}
5927 ML {* @{const_syntax c} *}
5930 ML {* @{theory Pure} *}
5931 ML {* @{theory_ref} *}
5932 ML {* @{theory_ref Pure} *}
5935 ML {* @{clasimpset} *}
5937 The same works for sources being ``used'' within an Isar context.
5939 * ML in Isar: improved error reporting; extra verbosity with
5940 ML_Context.trace enabled.
5942 * Pure/General/table.ML: the join operations now works via exceptions
5943 DUP/SAME instead of type option. This is simpler in simple cases, and
5944 admits slightly more efficient complex applications.
5946 * Pure: 'advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) now
5947 use Context.generic instead of just theory.
5949 * Pure: datatype Context.generic joins theory/Proof.context and
5950 provides some facilities for code that works in either kind of
5951 context, notably GenericDataFun for uniform theory and proof data.
5953 * Pure: simplified internal attribute type, which is now always
5954 Context.generic * thm -> Context.generic * thm. Global (theory) vs.
5955 local (Proof.context) attributes have been discontinued, while
5956 minimizing code duplication. Thm.rule_attribute and
5957 Thm.declaration_attribute build canonical attributes; see also structure
5958 Context for further operations on Context.generic, notably
5959 GenericDataFun. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt attribute type
5960 declarations and definitions.
5962 * Context data interfaces (Theory/Proof/GenericDataFun): removed
5963 name/print, uninitialized data defaults to ad-hoc copy of empty value,
5964 init only required for impure data. INCOMPATIBILITY: empty really need
5965 to be empty (no dependencies on theory content!)
5967 * Pure/kernel: consts certification ignores sort constraints given in
5968 signature declarations. (This information is not relevant to the
5969 logic, but only for type inference.) SIGNIFICANT INTERNAL CHANGE,
5970 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
5972 * Pure: axiomatic type classes are now purely definitional, with
5973 explicit proofs of class axioms and super class relations performed
5974 internally. See Pure/axclass.ML for the main internal interfaces --
5975 notably AxClass.define_class supercedes AxClass.add_axclass, and
5976 AxClass.axiomatize_class/classrel/arity supersede
5977 Sign.add_classes/classrel/arities.
5979 * Pure/Isar: Args/Attrib parsers operate on Context.generic --
5980 global/local versions on theory vs. Proof.context have been
5981 discontinued; Attrib.syntax and Method.syntax have been adapted
5982 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt parser expressions for
5983 attributes, methods, etc.
5985 * Pure: several functions of signature "... -> theory -> theory * ..."
5986 have been reoriented to "... -> theory -> ... * theory" in order to
5987 allow natural usage in combination with the ||>, ||>>, |-> and
5988 fold_map combinators.
5990 * Pure: official theorem names (closed derivations) and additional
5991 comments (tags) are now strictly separate. Name hints -- which are
5992 maintained as tags -- may be attached any time without affecting the
5995 * Pure: primitive rule lift_rule now takes goal cterm instead of an
5996 actual goal state (thm). Use Thm.lift_rule (Thm.cprem_of st i) to
5997 achieve the old behaviour.
5999 * Pure: the "Goal" constant is now called "prop", supporting a
6000 slightly more general idea of ``protecting'' meta-level rule
6003 * Pure: Logic.(un)varify only works in a global context, which is now
6004 enforced instead of silently assumed. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use
6005 Logic.legacy_(un)varify as temporary workaround.
6007 * Pure: structure Name provides scalable operations for generating
6008 internal variable names, notably Name.variants etc. This replaces
6009 some popular functions from term.ML:
6011 Term.variant -> Name.variant
6012 Term.variantlist -> Name.variant_list
6013 Term.invent_names -> Name.invent_list
6015 Note that low-level renaming rarely occurs in new code -- operations
6016 from structure Variable are used instead (see below).
6018 * Pure: structure Variable provides fundamental operations for proper
6019 treatment of fixed/schematic variables in a context. For example,
6020 Variable.import introduces fixes for schematics of given facts and
6021 Variable.export reverses the effect (up to renaming) -- this replaces
6022 various freeze_thaw operations.
6024 * Pure: structure Goal provides simple interfaces for
6025 init/conclude/finish and tactical prove operations (replacing former
6026 Tactic.prove). Goal.prove is the canonical way to prove results
6027 within a given context; Goal.prove_global is a degraded version for
6028 theory level goals, including a global Drule.standard. Note that
6029 OldGoals.prove_goalw_cterm has long been obsolete, since it is
6030 ill-behaved in a local proof context (e.g. with local fixes/assumes or
6031 in a locale context).
6033 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for parsing (Syntax.parse_term etc.)
6034 and type checking (Syntax.check_term etc.), with common combinations
6035 (Syntax.read_term etc.). These supersede former Sign.read_term etc.
6036 which are considered legacy and await removal.
6038 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for type unchecking
6039 (Syntax.uncheck_terms etc.) and unparsing (Syntax.unparse_term etc.),
6040 with common combinations (Syntax.pretty_term, Syntax.string_of_term
6041 etc.). Former Sign.pretty_term, Sign.string_of_term etc. are still
6042 available for convenience, but refer to the very same operations using
6043 a mere theory instead of a full context.
6045 * Isar: simplified treatment of user-level errors, using exception
6046 ERROR of string uniformly. Function error now merely raises ERROR,
6047 without any side effect on output channels. The Isar toplevel takes
6048 care of proper display of ERROR exceptions. ML code may use plain
6049 handle/can/try; cat_error may be used to concatenate errors like this:
6051 ... handle ERROR msg => cat_error msg "..."
6053 Toplevel ML code (run directly or through the Isar toplevel) may be
6054 embedded into the Isar toplevel with exception display/debug like
6057 Isar.toplevel (fn () => ...)
6059 INCOMPATIBILITY, removed special transform_error facilities, removed
6060 obsolete variants of user-level exceptions (ERROR_MESSAGE,
6061 Context.PROOF, ProofContext.CONTEXT, Proof.STATE, ProofHistory.FAIL)
6062 -- use plain ERROR instead.
6064 * Isar: theory setup now has type (theory -> theory), instead of a
6065 list. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use #> to compose setup functions.
6067 * Isar: ML toplevel pretty printer for type Proof.context, subject to
6068 ProofContext.debug/verbose flags.
6070 * Isar: Toplevel.theory_to_proof admits transactions that modify the
6071 theory before entering a proof state. Transactions now always see a
6072 quasi-functional intermediate checkpoint, both in interactive and
6075 * Isar: simplified interfaces for outer syntax. Renamed
6076 OuterSyntax.add_keywords to OuterSyntax.keywords. Removed
6077 OuterSyntax.add_parsers -- this functionality is now included in
6078 OuterSyntax.command etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6080 * Simplifier: the simpset of a running simplification process now
6081 contains a proof context (cf. Simplifier.the_context), which is the
6082 very context that the initial simpset has been retrieved from (by
6083 simpset_of/local_simpset_of). Consequently, all plug-in components
6084 (solver, looper etc.) may depend on arbitrary proof data.
6086 * Simplifier.inherit_context inherits the proof context (plus the
6087 local bounds) of the current simplification process; any simproc
6088 etc. that calls the Simplifier recursively should do this! Removed
6089 former Simplifier.inherit_bounds, which is already included here --
6090 INCOMPATIBILITY. Tools based on low-level rewriting may even have to
6091 specify an explicit context using Simplifier.context/theory_context.
6093 * Simplifier/Classical Reasoner: more abstract interfaces
6094 change_simpset/claset for modifying the simpset/claset reference of a
6095 theory; raw versions simpset/claset_ref etc. have been discontinued --
6098 * Provers: more generic wrt. syntax of object-logics, avoid hardwired
6104 * settings: the default heap location within ISABELLE_HOME_USER now
6105 includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER. This simplifies use of multiple
6106 Isabelle installations.
6108 * isabelle-process: option -S (secure mode) disables some critical
6109 operations, notably runtime compilation and evaluation of ML source
6112 * Basic Isabelle mode for jEdit, see Isabelle/lib/jedit/.
6114 * Support for parallel execution, using native multicore support of
6115 Poly/ML 5.1. The theory loader exploits parallelism when processing
6116 independent theories, according to the given theory header
6117 specifications. The maximum number of worker threads is specified via
6118 usedir option -M or the "max-threads" setting in Proof General. A
6119 speedup factor of 1.5--3.5 can be expected on a 4-core machine, and up
6120 to 6 on a 8-core machine. User-code needs to observe certain
6121 guidelines for thread-safe programming, see appendix A in the Isar
6122 Implementation manual.
6126 New in Isabelle2005 (October 2005)
6127 ----------------------------------
6131 * Theory headers: the new header syntax for Isar theories is
6134 imports <theory1> ... <theoryN>
6135 uses <file1> ... <fileM>
6138 where the 'uses' part is optional. The previous syntax
6140 theory <name> = <theory1> + ... + <theoryN>:
6142 will disappear in the next release. Use isatool fixheaders to convert
6143 existing theory files. Note that there is no change in ancient
6144 non-Isar theories now, but these will disappear soon.
6146 * Theory loader: parent theories can now also be referred to via
6147 relative and absolute paths.
6149 * Command 'find_theorems' searches for a list of criteria instead of a
6150 list of constants. Known criteria are: intro, elim, dest, name:string,
6151 simp:term, and any term. Criteria can be preceded by '-' to select
6152 theorems that do not match. Intro, elim, dest select theorems that
6153 match the current goal, name:s selects theorems whose fully qualified
6154 name contain s, and simp:term selects all simplification rules whose
6155 lhs match term. Any other term is interpreted as pattern and selects
6156 all theorems matching the pattern. Available in ProofGeneral under
6157 'ProofGeneral -> Find Theorems' or C-c C-f. Example:
6159 C-c C-f (100) "(_::nat) + _ + _" intro -name: "HOL."
6161 prints the last 100 theorems matching the pattern "(_::nat) + _ + _",
6162 matching the current goal as introduction rule and not having "HOL."
6163 in their name (i.e. not being defined in theory HOL).
6165 * Command 'thms_containing' has been discontinued in favour of
6166 'find_theorems'; INCOMPATIBILITY.
6168 * Communication with Proof General is now 8bit clean, which means that
6169 Unicode text in UTF-8 encoding may be used within theory texts (both
6170 formal and informal parts). Cf. option -U of the Isabelle Proof
6171 General interface. Here are some simple examples (cf. src/HOL/ex):
6173 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Hebrew.html
6174 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Chinese.html
6176 * Improved efficiency of the Simplifier and, to a lesser degree, the
6177 Classical Reasoner. Typical big applications run around 2 times
6181 *** Document preparation ***
6183 * Commands 'display_drafts' and 'print_drafts' perform simple output
6184 of raw sources. Only those symbols that do not require additional
6185 LaTeX packages (depending on comments in isabellesym.sty) are
6186 displayed properly, everything else is left verbatim. isatool display
6187 and isatool print are used as front ends (these are subject to the
6188 DVI/PDF_VIEWER and PRINT_COMMAND settings, respectively).
6190 * Command tags control specific markup of certain regions of text,
6191 notably folding and hiding. Predefined tags include "theory" (for
6192 theory begin and end), "proof" for proof commands, and "ML" for
6193 commands involving ML code; the additional tags "visible" and
6194 "invisible" are unused by default. Users may give explicit tag
6195 specifications in the text, e.g. ''by %invisible (auto)''. The
6196 interpretation of tags is determined by the LaTeX job during document
6197 preparation: see option -V of isatool usedir, or options -n and -t of
6198 isatool document, or even the LaTeX macros \isakeeptag, \isafoldtag,
6201 Several document versions may be produced at the same time via isatool
6202 usedir (the generated index.html will link all of them). Typical
6203 specifications include ''-V document=theory,proof,ML'' to present
6204 theory/proof/ML parts faithfully, ''-V outline=/proof,/ML'' to fold
6205 proof and ML commands, and ''-V mutilated=-theory,-proof,-ML'' to omit
6206 these parts without any formal replacement text. The Isabelle site
6207 default settings produce ''document'' and ''outline'' versions as
6210 * Several new antiquotations:
6212 @{term_type term} prints a term with its type annotated;
6214 @{typeof term} prints the type of a term;
6216 @{const const} is the same as @{term const}, but checks that the
6217 argument is a known logical constant;
6219 @{term_style style term} and @{thm_style style thm} print a term or
6220 theorem applying a "style" to it
6224 Predefined styles are 'lhs' and 'rhs' printing the lhs/rhs of
6225 definitions, equations, inequations etc., 'concl' printing only the
6226 conclusion of a meta-logical statement theorem, and 'prem1' .. 'prem19'
6227 to print the specified premise. TermStyle.add_style provides an ML
6228 interface for introducing further styles. See also the "LaTeX Sugar"
6229 document practical applications. The ML antiquotation prints
6230 type-checked ML expressions verbatim.
6232 * Markup commands 'chapter', 'section', 'subsection', 'subsubsection',
6233 and 'text' support optional locale specification '(in loc)', which
6234 specifies the default context for interpreting antiquotations. For
6235 example: 'text (in lattice) {* @{thm inf_assoc}*}'.
6237 * Option 'locale=NAME' of antiquotations specifies an alternative
6238 context interpreting the subsequent argument. For example: @{thm
6239 [locale=lattice] inf_assoc}.
6241 * Proper output of proof terms (@{prf ...} and @{full_prf ...}) within
6244 * Proper output of antiquotations for theory commands involving a
6245 proof context (such as 'locale' or 'theorem (in loc) ...').
6247 * Delimiters of outer tokens (string etc.) now produce separate LaTeX
6248 macros (\isachardoublequoteopen, isachardoublequoteclose etc.).
6250 * isatool usedir: new option -C (default true) controls whether option
6251 -D should include a copy of the original document directory; -C false
6252 prevents unwanted effects such as copying of administrative CVS data.
6257 * Considerably improved version of 'constdefs' command. Now performs
6258 automatic type-inference of declared constants; additional support for
6259 local structure declarations (cf. locales and HOL records), see also
6260 isar-ref manual. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to observe strictly
6261 sequential dependencies of definitions within a single 'constdefs'
6262 section; moreover, the declared name needs to be an identifier. If
6263 all fails, consider to fall back on 'consts' and 'defs' separately.
6265 * Improved indexed syntax and implicit structures. First of all,
6266 indexed syntax provides a notational device for subscripted
6267 application, using the new syntax \<^bsub>term\<^esub> for arbitrary
6268 expressions. Secondly, in a local context with structure
6269 declarations, number indexes \<^sub>n or the empty index (default
6270 number 1) refer to a certain fixed variable implicitly; option
6271 show_structs controls printing of implicit structures. Typical
6272 applications of these concepts involve record types and locales.
6274 * New command 'no_syntax' removes grammar declarations (and
6275 translations) resulting from the given syntax specification, which is
6276 interpreted in the same manner as for the 'syntax' command.
6278 * 'Advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) may depend
6279 on the signature of the theory context being presently used for
6280 parsing/printing, see also isar-ref manual.
6282 * Improved 'oracle' command provides a type-safe interface to turn an
6283 ML expression of type theory -> T -> term into a primitive rule of
6284 type theory -> T -> thm (i.e. the functionality of Thm.invoke_oracle
6285 is already included here); see also FOL/ex/IffExample.thy;
6288 * axclass: name space prefix for class "c" is now "c_class" (was "c"
6289 before); "cI" is no longer bound, use "c.intro" instead.
6290 INCOMPATIBILITY. This change avoids clashes of fact bindings for
6291 axclasses vs. locales.
6293 * Improved internal renaming of symbolic identifiers -- attach primes
6294 instead of base 26 numbers.
6296 * New flag show_question_marks controls printing of leading question
6297 marks in schematic variable names.
6299 * In schematic variable names, *any* symbol following \<^isub> or
6300 \<^isup> is now treated as part of the base name. For example, the
6301 following works without printing of awkward ".0" indexes:
6303 lemma "x\<^isub>1 = x\<^isub>2 ==> x\<^isub>2 = x\<^isub>1"
6306 * Inner syntax includes (*(*nested*) comments*).
6308 * Pretty printer now supports unbreakable blocks, specified in mixfix
6309 annotations as "(00...)".
6311 * Clear separation of logical types and nonterminals, where the latter
6312 may only occur in 'syntax' specifications or type abbreviations.
6313 Before that distinction was only partially implemented via type class
6314 "logic" vs. "{}". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in rare cases of improper
6315 use of 'types'/'consts' instead of 'nonterminals'/'syntax'. Some very
6316 exotic syntax specifications may require further adaption
6317 (e.g. Cube/Cube.thy).
6319 * Removed obsolete type class "logic", use the top sort {} instead.
6320 Note that non-logical types should be declared as 'nonterminals'
6321 rather than 'types'. INCOMPATIBILITY for new object-logic
6324 * Attributes 'induct' and 'cases': type or set names may now be
6325 locally fixed variables as well.
6327 * Simplifier: can now control the depth to which conditional rewriting
6328 is traced via the PG menu Isabelle -> Settings -> Trace Simp Depth
6331 * Simplifier: simplification procedures may now take the current
6332 simpset into account (cf. Simplifier.simproc(_i) / mk_simproc
6333 interface), which is very useful for calling the Simplifier
6334 recursively. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: the 'prems' argument of simprocs
6335 is gone -- use prems_of_ss on the simpset instead. Moreover, the
6336 low-level mk_simproc no longer applies Logic.varify internally, to
6337 allow for use in a context of fixed variables.
6339 * thin_tac now works even if the assumption being deleted contains !!
6340 or ==>. More generally, erule now works even if the major premise of
6341 the elimination rule contains !! or ==>.
6343 * Method 'rules' has been renamed to 'iprover'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6345 * Reorganized bootstrapping of the Pure theories; CPure is now derived
6346 from Pure, which contains all common declarations already. Both
6347 theories are defined via plain Isabelle/Isar .thy files.
6348 INCOMPATIBILITY: elements of CPure (such as the CPure.intro /
6349 CPure.elim / CPure.dest attributes) now appear in the Pure name space;
6350 use isatool fixcpure to adapt your theory and ML sources.
6352 * New syntax 'name(i-j, i-, i, ...)' for referring to specific
6353 selections of theorems in named facts via index ranges.
6355 * 'print_theorems': in theory mode, really print the difference
6356 wrt. the last state (works for interactive theory development only),
6357 in proof mode print all local facts (cf. 'print_facts');
6359 * 'hide': option '(open)' hides only base names.
6361 * More efficient treatment of intermediate checkpoints in interactive
6364 * Code generator is now invoked via code_module (incremental code
6365 generation) and code_library (modular code generation, ML structures
6366 for each theory). INCOMPATIBILITY: new keywords 'file' and 'contains'
6367 must be quoted when used as identifiers.
6369 * New 'value' command for reading, evaluating and printing terms using
6370 the code generator. INCOMPATIBILITY: command keyword 'value' must be
6371 quoted when used as identifier.
6376 * New commands for the interpretation of locale expressions in
6377 theories (1), locales (2) and proof contexts (3). These generate
6378 proof obligations from the expression specification. After the
6379 obligations have been discharged, theorems of the expression are added
6380 to the theory, target locale or proof context. The synopsis of the
6381 commands is a follows:
6383 (1) interpretation expr inst
6384 (2) interpretation target < expr
6385 (3) interpret expr inst
6387 Interpretation in theories and proof contexts require a parameter
6388 instantiation of terms from the current context. This is applied to
6389 specifications and theorems of the interpreted expression.
6390 Interpretation in locales only permits parameter renaming through the
6391 locale expression. Interpretation is smart in that interpretations
6392 that are active already do not occur in proof obligations, neither are
6393 instantiated theorems stored in duplicate. Use 'print_interps' to
6394 inspect active interpretations of a particular locale. For details,
6395 see the Isar Reference manual. Examples can be found in
6396 HOL/Finite_Set.thy and HOL/Algebra/UnivPoly.thy.
6398 INCOMPATIBILITY: former 'instantiate' has been withdrawn, use
6399 'interpret' instead.
6401 * New context element 'constrains' for adding type constraints to
6404 * Context expressions: renaming of parameters with syntax
6407 * Locale declaration: 'includes' disallowed.
6409 * Proper static binding of attribute syntax -- i.e. types / terms /
6410 facts mentioned as arguments are always those of the locale definition
6411 context, independently of the context of later invocations. Moreover,
6412 locale operations (renaming and type / term instantiation) are applied
6413 to attribute arguments as expected.
6415 INCOMPATIBILITY of the ML interface: always pass Attrib.src instead of
6416 actual attributes; rare situations may require Attrib.attribute to
6417 embed those attributes into Attrib.src that lack concrete syntax.
6418 Attribute implementations need to cooperate properly with the static
6419 binding mechanism. Basic parsers Args.XXX_typ/term/prop and
6420 Attrib.XXX_thm etc. already do the right thing without further
6421 intervention. Only unusual applications -- such as "where" or "of"
6422 (cf. src/Pure/Isar/attrib.ML), which process arguments depending both
6423 on the context and the facts involved -- may have to assign parsed
6424 values to argument tokens explicitly.
6426 * Changed parameter management in theorem generation for long goal
6427 statements with 'includes'. INCOMPATIBILITY: produces a different
6428 theorem statement in rare situations.
6430 * Locale inspection command 'print_locale' omits notes elements. Use
6431 'print_locale!' to have them included in the output.
6436 * Provers/hypsubst.ML: improved version of the subst method, for
6437 single-step rewriting: it now works in bound variable contexts. New is
6438 'subst (asm)', for rewriting an assumption. INCOMPATIBILITY: may
6439 rewrite a different subterm than the original subst method, which is
6440 still available as 'simplesubst'.
6442 * Provers/quasi.ML: new transitivity reasoners for transitivity only
6445 * Provers/trancl.ML: new transitivity reasoner for transitive and
6446 reflexive-transitive closure of relations.
6448 * Provers/blast.ML: new reference depth_limit to make blast's depth
6449 limit (previously hard-coded with a value of 20) user-definable.
6451 * Provers/simplifier.ML has been moved to Pure, where Simplifier.setup
6452 is peformed already. Object-logics merely need to finish their
6453 initial simpset configuration as before. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6458 * Symbolic syntax of Hilbert Choice Operator is now as follows:
6461 "_Eps" :: "[pttrn, bool] => 'a" ("(3\<some>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)
6463 The symbol \<some> is displayed as the alternative epsilon of LaTeX
6464 and x-symbol; use option '-m epsilon' to get it actually printed.
6465 Moreover, the mathematically important symbolic identifier \<epsilon>
6466 becomes available as variable, constant etc. INCOMPATIBILITY,
6468 * "x > y" abbreviates "y < x" and "x >= y" abbreviates "y <= x".
6469 Similarly for all quantifiers: "ALL x > y" etc. The x-symbol for >=
6470 is \<ge>. New transitivity rules have been added to HOL/Orderings.thy to
6471 support corresponding Isar calculations.
6473 * "{x:A. P}" abbreviates "{x. x:A & P}", and similarly for "\<in>"
6476 * theory SetInterval: changed the syntax for open intervals:
6485 The old syntax is still supported but will disappear in the next
6486 release. For conversion use the following Emacs search and replace
6487 patterns (these are not perfect but work quite well):
6489 {)\([^\.]*\)\.\. -> {\1<\.\.}
6490 \.\.\([^(}]*\)(} -> \.\.<\1}
6492 * Theory Commutative_Ring (in Library): method comm_ring for proving
6493 equalities in commutative rings; method 'algebra' provides a generic
6496 * Theory Finite_Set: changed the syntax for 'setsum', summation over
6497 finite sets: "setsum (%x. e) A", which used to be "\<Sum>x:A. e", is
6498 now either "SUM x:A. e" or "\<Sum>x \<in> A. e". The bound variable can
6501 Some new syntax forms are available:
6503 "\<Sum>x | P. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {x. P}"
6504 "\<Sum>x = a..b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..b}"
6505 "\<Sum>x = a..<b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..<b}"
6506 "\<Sum>x < k. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {..<k}"
6508 The latter form "\<Sum>x < k. e" used to be based on a separate
6509 function "Summation", which has been discontinued.
6511 * theory Finite_Set: in structured induction proofs, the insert case
6512 is now 'case (insert x F)' instead of the old counterintuitive 'case
6515 * The 'refute' command has been extended to support a much larger
6516 fragment of HOL, including axiomatic type classes, constdefs and
6517 typedefs, inductive datatypes and recursion.
6519 * New tactics 'sat' and 'satx' to prove propositional tautologies.
6520 Requires zChaff with proof generation to be installed. See
6521 HOL/ex/SAT_Examples.thy for examples.
6523 * Datatype induction via method 'induct' now preserves the name of the
6524 induction variable. For example, when proving P(xs::'a list) by
6525 induction on xs, the induction step is now P(xs) ==> P(a#xs) rather
6526 than P(list) ==> P(a#list) as previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
6527 in unstructured proof scripts.
6529 * Reworked implementation of records. Improved scalability for
6530 records with many fields, avoiding performance problems for type
6531 inference. Records are no longer composed of nested field types, but
6532 of nested extension types. Therefore the record type only grows linear
6533 in the number of extensions and not in the number of fields. The
6534 top-level (users) view on records is preserved. Potential
6535 INCOMPATIBILITY only in strange cases, where the theory depends on the
6536 old record representation. The type generated for a record is called
6537 <record_name>_ext_type.
6539 Flag record_quick_and_dirty_sensitive can be enabled to skip the
6540 proofs triggered by a record definition or a simproc (if
6541 quick_and_dirty is enabled). Definitions of large records can take
6544 New simproc record_upd_simproc for simplification of multiple record
6545 updates enabled by default. Moreover, trivial updates are also
6546 removed: r(|x := x r|) = r. INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break
6547 occasionally, since simplification is more powerful by default.
6549 * typedef: proper support for polymorphic sets, which contain extra
6550 type-variables in the term.
6552 * Simplifier: automatically reasons about transitivity chains
6553 involving "trancl" (r^+) and "rtrancl" (r^*) by setting up tactics
6554 provided by Provers/trancl.ML as additional solvers. INCOMPATIBILITY:
6555 old proofs break occasionally as simplification may now solve more
6556 goals than previously.
6558 * Simplifier: converts x <= y into x = y if assumption y <= x is
6559 present. Works for all partial orders (class "order"), in particular
6560 numbers and sets. For linear orders (e.g. numbers) it treats ~ x < y
6563 * Simplifier: new simproc for "let x = a in f x". If a is a free or
6564 bound variable or a constant then the let is unfolded. Otherwise
6565 first a is simplified to b, and then f b is simplified to g. If
6566 possible we abstract b from g arriving at "let x = b in h x",
6567 otherwise we unfold the let and arrive at g. The simproc can be
6568 enabled/disabled by the reference use_let_simproc. Potential
6569 INCOMPATIBILITY since simplification is more powerful by default.
6571 * Classical reasoning: the meson method now accepts theorems as arguments.
6573 * Prover support: pre-release of the Isabelle-ATP linkup, which runs background
6574 jobs to provide advice on the provability of subgoals.
6576 * Theory OrderedGroup and Ring_and_Field: various additions and
6577 improvements to faciliate calculations involving equalities and
6580 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
6583 abs_eq now named abs_of_nonneg
6584 abs_of_ge_0 now named abs_of_nonneg
6585 abs_minus_eq now named abs_of_nonpos
6586 imp_abs_id now named abs_of_nonneg
6587 imp_abs_neg_id now named abs_of_nonpos
6588 mult_pos now named mult_pos_pos
6589 mult_pos_le now named mult_nonneg_nonneg
6590 mult_pos_neg_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos
6591 mult_pos_neg2_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos2
6592 mult_neg now named mult_neg_neg
6593 mult_neg_le now named mult_nonpos_nonpos
6595 * The following lemmas in Ring_and_Field have been added to the simplifier:
6598 not_square_less_zero
6600 The following lemmas have been deleted from Real/RealPow:
6610 * Theory Parity: added rules for simplifying exponents.
6614 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
6617 list_all_Nil now named list_all.simps(1)
6618 list_all_Cons now named list_all.simps(2)
6619 list_all_conv now named list_all_iff
6620 set_mem_eq now named mem_iff
6622 * Theories SetsAndFunctions and BigO (see HOL/Library) support
6623 asymptotic "big O" calculations. See the notes in BigO.thy.
6628 * Theory RealDef: better support for embedding natural numbers and
6629 integers in the reals.
6631 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
6634 exp_ge_add_one_self now requires no hypotheses
6635 real_of_int_add reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6636 real_of_int_minus reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6637 real_of_int_diff reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6638 real_of_int_mult reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6640 * Theory RComplete: expanded support for floor and ceiling functions.
6642 * Theory Ln is new, with properties of the natural logarithm
6644 * Hyperreal: There is a new type constructor "star" for making
6645 nonstandard types. The old type names are now type synonyms:
6649 hcomplex = complex star
6651 * Hyperreal: Many groups of similarly-defined constants have been
6652 replaced by polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6654 star_of <-- hypreal_of_real, hypnat_of_nat, hcomplex_of_complex
6656 starset <-- starsetNat, starsetC
6657 *s* <-- *sNat*, *sc*
6658 starset_n <-- starsetNat_n, starsetC_n
6659 *sn* <-- *sNatn*, *scn*
6660 InternalSets <-- InternalNatSets, InternalCSets
6662 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
6663 *f* <-- *fNat*, *fNat2*, *fc*, *fRc*, *fcR*
6664 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n
6665 *fn* <-- *fNatn*, *fNat2n*, *fcn*, *fRcn*, *fcRn*
6666 InternalFuns <-- InternalNatFuns, InternalNatFuns2, Internal{C,RC,CR}Funs
6668 * Hyperreal: Many type-specific theorems have been removed in favor of
6669 theorems specific to various axiomatic type classes (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6671 add_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_commute
6672 add_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_assocs
6673 OrderedGroup.add_0 <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_zero_left
6674 OrderedGroup.add_0_right <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_zero_right
6675 right_minus <-- hypreal_add_minus
6676 left_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_minus_left
6677 mult_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_commute
6678 mult_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_assoc
6679 mult_1_left <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_1, hcomplex_mult_one_left
6680 mult_1_right <-- hcomplex_mult_one_right
6681 mult_zero_left <-- hcomplex_mult_zero_left
6682 left_distrib <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_mult_distrib
6683 right_distrib <-- hypnat_add_mult_distrib2
6684 zero_neq_one <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_not_eq_one
6685 right_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse
6686 left_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse_left, hcomplex_mult_inv_left
6687 order_refl <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_refl
6688 order_trans <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_trans
6689 order_antisym <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_anti_sym
6690 order_less_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less_le
6691 linorder_linear <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_linear
6692 add_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_add_left_mono
6693 mult_strict_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_less_mono2
6694 add_nonneg_nonneg <-- hypreal_le_add_order
6696 * Hyperreal: Separate theorems having to do with type-specific
6697 versions of constants have been merged into theorems that apply to the
6698 new polymorphic constants (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6700 STAR_UNIV_set <-- {STAR_real,NatStar_real,STARC_complex}_set
6701 STAR_empty_set <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_empty_set
6702 STAR_Un <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Un
6703 STAR_Int <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Int
6704 STAR_Compl <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Compl
6705 STAR_subset <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_subset
6706 STAR_mem <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_mem
6707 STAR_mem_Compl <-- {STAR,STARC}_mem_Compl
6708 STAR_diff <-- {STAR,STARC}_diff
6709 STAR_star_of_image_subset <-- {STAR_hypreal_of_real, NatStar_hypreal_of_real,
6710 STARC_hcomplex_of_complex}_image_subset
6711 starset_n_Un <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Un
6712 starset_n_Int <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Int
6713 starset_n_Compl <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Compl
6714 starset_n_diff <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_diff
6715 InternalSets_Un <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Un
6716 InternalSets_Int <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Int
6717 InternalSets_Compl <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Compl
6718 InternalSets_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_diff
6719 InternalSets_UNIV_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_UNIV_diff
6720 InternalSets_starset_n <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_starset{Nat,C}_n
6721 starset_starset_n_eq <-- starset{Nat,C}_starset{Nat,C}_n_eq
6722 starset_n_starset <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_starset{Nat,C}
6723 starfun_n_starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n_starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
6724 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
6725 starfun_mult <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_mult
6726 starfun_add <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_add
6727 starfun_minus <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_minus
6728 starfun_diff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_diff
6729 starfun_o <-- starfun{NatNat2,Nat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o
6730 starfun_o2 <-- starfun{NatNat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o2
6731 starfun_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_const_fun
6732 starfun_inverse <-- starfun{Nat,C,RC,CR}_inverse
6733 starfun_eq <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_eq
6734 starfun_eq_iff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_eq_iff
6735 starfun_Id <-- starfunC_Id
6736 starfun_approx <-- starfun{Nat,CR}_approx
6737 starfun_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_capprox
6738 starfun_abs <-- starfunNat_rabs
6739 starfun_lambda_cancel <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel
6740 starfun_lambda_cancel2 <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel2
6741 starfun_mult_HFinite_approx <-- starfunCR_mult_HFinite_capprox
6742 starfun_mult_CFinite_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_mult_CFinite_capprox
6743 starfun_add_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_add_capprox
6744 starfun_add_approx <-- starfunCR_add_approx
6745 starfun_inverse_inverse <-- starfunC_inverse_inverse
6746 starfun_divide <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_divide
6747 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n
6748 starfun_n_mult <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_mult
6749 starfun_n_add <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_add
6750 starfun_n_add_minus <-- starfunNat_n_add_minus
6751 starfun_n_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_const_fun
6752 starfun_n_minus <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_minus
6753 starfun_n_eq <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_eq
6755 star_n_add <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add
6756 star_n_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_minus
6757 star_n_diff <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_diff
6758 star_n_mult <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_mult
6759 star_n_inverse <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_inverse
6760 star_n_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le
6761 star_n_less <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less
6762 star_n_zero_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_num
6763 star_n_one_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_one_num
6764 star_n_abs <-- hypreal_hrabs
6765 star_n_divide <-- hcomplex_divide
6767 star_of_add <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_add
6768 star_of_minus <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_minus
6769 star_of_diff <-- hypreal_of_real_diff
6770 star_of_mult <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_mult
6771 star_of_one <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_one
6772 star_of_zero <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_zero
6773 star_of_le <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_le_iff
6774 star_of_less <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_less_iff
6775 star_of_eq <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_eq_iff
6776 star_of_inverse <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_inverse
6777 star_of_divide <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_divide
6778 star_of_of_nat <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_nat
6779 star_of_of_int <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_int
6780 star_of_number_of <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_number_of
6781 star_of_number_less <-- number_of_less_hypreal_of_real_iff
6782 star_of_number_le <-- number_of_le_hypreal_of_real_iff
6783 star_of_eq_number <-- hypreal_of_real_eq_number_of_iff
6784 star_of_less_number <-- hypreal_of_real_less_number_of_iff
6785 star_of_le_number <-- hypreal_of_real_le_number_of_iff
6786 star_of_power <-- hypreal_of_real_power
6787 star_of_eq_0 <-- hcomplex_of_complex_zero_iff
6789 * Hyperreal: new method "transfer" that implements the transfer
6790 principle of nonstandard analysis. With a subgoal that mentions
6791 nonstandard types like "'a star", the command "apply transfer"
6792 replaces it with an equivalent one that mentions only standard types.
6793 To be successful, all free variables must have standard types; non-
6794 standard variables must have explicit universal quantifiers.
6796 * Hyperreal: A theory of Taylor series.
6801 * Discontinued special version of 'constdefs' (which used to support
6802 continuous functions) in favor of the general Pure one with full
6805 * New simplification procedure for solving continuity conditions; it
6806 is much faster on terms with many nested lambda abstractions (cubic
6807 instead of exponential time).
6809 * New syntax for domain package: selector names are now optional.
6810 Parentheses should be omitted unless argument is lazy, for example:
6812 domain 'a stream = cons "'a" (lazy "'a stream")
6814 * New command 'fixrec' for defining recursive functions with pattern
6815 matching; defining multiple functions with mutual recursion is also
6816 supported. Patterns may include the constants cpair, spair, up, sinl,
6817 sinr, or any data constructor defined by the domain package. The given
6818 equations are proven as rewrite rules. See HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
6819 syntax and examples.
6821 * New commands 'cpodef' and 'pcpodef' for defining predicate subtypes
6822 of cpo and pcpo types. Syntax is exactly like the 'typedef' command,
6823 but the proof obligation additionally includes an admissibility
6824 requirement. The packages generate instances of class cpo or pcpo,
6825 with continuity and strictness theorems for Rep and Abs.
6827 * HOLCF: Many theorems have been renamed according to a more standard naming
6828 scheme (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6830 foo_inject: "foo$x = foo$y ==> x = y"
6831 foo_eq: "(foo$x = foo$y) = (x = y)"
6832 foo_less: "(foo$x << foo$y) = (x << y)"
6833 foo_strict: "foo$UU = UU"
6834 foo_defined: "... ==> foo$x ~= UU"
6835 foo_defined_iff: "(foo$x = UU) = (x = UU)"
6840 * ZF/ex: theories Group and Ring provide examples in abstract algebra,
6841 including the First Isomorphism Theorem (on quotienting by the kernel
6844 * ZF/Simplifier: install second copy of type solver that actually
6845 makes use of TC rules declared to Isar proof contexts (or locales);
6846 the old version is still required for ML proof scripts.
6851 * Converted to Isar theory format; use locales instead of axiomatic
6857 * Pure/library.ML: added ##>, ##>>, #>> -- higher-order counterparts
6860 * Pure/library.ML no longer defines its own option datatype, but uses
6861 that of the SML basis, which has constructors NONE and SOME instead of
6862 None and Some, as well as exception Option.Option instead of OPTION.
6863 The functions the, if_none, is_some, is_none have been adapted
6864 accordingly, while Option.map replaces apsome.
6866 * Pure/library.ML: the exception LIST has been given up in favour of
6867 the standard exceptions Empty and Subscript, as well as
6868 Library.UnequalLengths. Function like Library.hd and Library.tl are
6869 superceded by the standard hd and tl functions etc.
6871 A number of basic list functions are no longer exported to the ML
6872 toplevel, as they are variants of predefined functions. The following
6873 suggests how one can translate existing code:
6875 rev_append xs ys = List.revAppend (xs, ys)
6876 nth_elem (i, xs) = List.nth (xs, i)
6877 last_elem xs = List.last xs
6878 flat xss = List.concat xss
6879 seq fs = List.app fs
6880 partition P xs = List.partition P xs
6881 mapfilter f xs = List.mapPartial f xs
6883 * Pure/library.ML: several combinators for linear functional
6884 transformations, notably reverse application and composition:
6887 (x, y) |-> f f #-> g
6889 * Pure/library.ML: introduced/changed precedence of infix operators:
6891 infix 1 |> |-> ||> ||>> |>> |>>> #> #->;
6893 infix 3 o oo ooo oooo;
6894 infix 4 ~~ upto downto;
6896 Maybe INCOMPATIBILITY when any of those is used in conjunction with other
6899 * Pure/library.ML: natural list combinators fold, fold_rev, and
6900 fold_map support linear functional transformations and nesting. For
6903 fold f [x1, ..., xN] y =
6904 y |> f x1 |> ... |> f xN
6906 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] y =
6907 y |> fold f xs1 |> ... |> fold f xsN
6909 fold f [x1, ..., xN] =
6912 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] =
6913 fold f xs1 #> ... #> fold f xsN
6915 * Pure/library.ML: the following selectors on type 'a option are
6918 the: 'a option -> 'a (*partial*)
6919 these: 'a option -> 'a where 'a = 'b list
6920 the_default: 'a -> 'a option -> 'a
6921 the_list: 'a option -> 'a list
6923 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
6924 basic operations for association lists, following natural argument
6925 order; moreover the explicit equality predicate passed here avoids
6926 potentially expensive polymorphic runtime equality checks.
6927 The old functions may be expressed as follows:
6929 assoc = uncurry (AList.lookup (op =))
6930 assocs = these oo AList.lookup (op =)
6931 overwrite = uncurry (AList.update (op =)) o swap
6933 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
6935 val make: ('a -> 'b) -> 'a list -> ('a * 'b) list
6936 val find: ('a * 'b -> bool) -> ('c * 'b) list -> 'a -> 'c list
6938 replacing make_keylist and keyfilter (occassionally used)
6941 make_keylist = AList.make
6942 keyfilter = AList.find (op =)
6944 * eq_fst and eq_snd now take explicit equality parameter, thus
6945 avoiding eqtypes. Naive rewrites:
6947 eq_fst = eq_fst (op =)
6948 eq_snd = eq_snd (op =)
6950 * Removed deprecated apl and apr (rarely used).
6953 apl (n, op) =>>= curry op n
6954 apr (op, m) =>>= fn n => op (n, m)
6956 * Pure/General: structure OrdList (cf. Pure/General/ord_list.ML)
6957 provides a reasonably efficient light-weight implementation of sets as
6960 * Pure/General: generic tables (cf. Pure/General/table.ML) provide a
6961 few new operations; existing lookup and update are now curried to
6962 follow natural argument order (for use with fold etc.);
6963 INCOMPATIBILITY, use (uncurry Symtab.lookup) etc. as last resort.
6965 * Pure/General: output via the Isabelle channels of
6966 writeln/warning/error etc. is now passed through Output.output, with a
6967 hook for arbitrary transformations depending on the print_mode
6968 (cf. Output.add_mode -- the first active mode that provides a output
6969 function wins). Already formatted output may be embedded into further
6970 text via Output.raw; the result of Pretty.string_of/str_of and derived
6971 functions (string_of_term/cterm/thm etc.) is already marked raw to
6972 accommodate easy composition of diagnostic messages etc. Programmers
6973 rarely need to care about Output.output or Output.raw at all, with
6974 some notable exceptions: Output.output is required when bypassing the
6975 standard channels (writeln etc.), or in token translations to produce
6976 properly formatted results; Output.raw is required when capturing
6977 already output material that will eventually be presented to the user
6978 a second time. For the default print mode, both Output.output and
6979 Output.raw have no effect.
6981 * Pure/General: Output.time_accumulator NAME creates an operator ('a
6982 -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b to measure runtime and count invocations; the
6983 cumulative results are displayed at the end of a batch session.
6985 * Pure/General: File.sysify_path and File.quote_sysify path have been
6986 replaced by File.platform_path and File.shell_path (with appropriate
6987 hooks). This provides a clean interface for unusual systems where the
6988 internal and external process view of file names are different.
6990 * Pure: more efficient orders for basic syntactic entities: added
6991 fast_string_ord, fast_indexname_ord, fast_term_ord; changed sort_ord
6992 and typ_ord to use fast_string_ord and fast_indexname_ord (term_ord is
6993 NOT affected); structures Symtab, Vartab, Typtab, Termtab use the fast
6994 orders now -- potential INCOMPATIBILITY for code that depends on a
6995 particular order for Symtab.keys, Symtab.dest, etc. (consider using
6996 Library.sort_strings on result).
6998 * Pure/term.ML: combinators fold_atyps, fold_aterms, fold_term_types,
6999 fold_types traverse types/terms from left to right, observing natural
7000 argument order. Supercedes previous foldl_XXX versions, add_frees,
7001 add_vars etc. have been adapted as well: INCOMPATIBILITY.
7003 * Pure: name spaces have been refined, with significant changes of the
7004 internal interfaces -- INCOMPATIBILITY. Renamed cond_extern(_table)
7005 to extern(_table). The plain name entry path is superceded by a
7006 general 'naming' context, which also includes the 'policy' to produce
7007 a fully qualified name and external accesses of a fully qualified
7008 name; NameSpace.extend is superceded by context dependent
7009 Sign.declare_name. Several theory and proof context operations modify
7010 the naming context. Especially note Theory.restore_naming and
7011 ProofContext.restore_naming to get back to a sane state; note that
7012 Theory.add_path is no longer sufficient to recover from
7013 Theory.absolute_path in particular.
7015 * Pure: new flags short_names (default false) and unique_names
7016 (default true) for controlling output of qualified names. If
7017 short_names is set, names are printed unqualified. If unique_names is
7018 reset, the name prefix is reduced to the minimum required to achieve
7019 the original result when interning again, even if there is an overlap
7020 with earlier declarations.
7022 * Pure/TheoryDataFun: change of the argument structure; 'prep_ext' is
7023 now 'extend', and 'merge' gets an additional Pretty.pp argument
7024 (useful for printing error messages). INCOMPATIBILITY.
7026 * Pure: major reorganization of the theory context. Type Sign.sg and
7027 Theory.theory are now identified, referring to the universal
7028 Context.theory (see Pure/context.ML). Actual signature and theory
7029 content is managed as theory data. The old code and interfaces were
7030 spread over many files and structures; the new arrangement introduces
7031 considerable INCOMPATIBILITY to gain more clarity:
7033 Context -- theory management operations (name, identity, inclusion,
7034 parents, ancestors, merge, etc.), plus generic theory data;
7036 Sign -- logical signature and syntax operations (declaring consts,
7037 types, etc.), plus certify/read for common entities;
7039 Theory -- logical theory operations (stating axioms, definitions,
7040 oracles), plus a copy of logical signature operations (consts,
7041 types, etc.); also a few basic management operations (Theory.copy,
7044 The most basic sign_of operations (Theory.sign_of, Thm.sign_of_thm
7045 etc.) as well as the sign field in Thm.rep_thm etc. have been retained
7046 for convenience -- they merely return the theory.
7048 * Pure: type Type.tsig is superceded by theory in most interfaces.
7050 * Pure: the Isar proof context type is already defined early in Pure
7051 as Context.proof (note that ProofContext.context and Proof.context are
7052 aliases, where the latter is the preferred name). This enables other
7053 Isabelle components to refer to that type even before Isar is present.
7055 * Pure/sign/theory: discontinued named name spaces (i.e. classK,
7056 typeK, constK, axiomK, oracleK), but provide explicit operations for
7057 any of these kinds. For example, Sign.intern typeK is now
7058 Sign.intern_type, Theory.hide_space Sign.typeK is now
7059 Theory.hide_types. Also note that former
7060 Theory.hide_classes/types/consts are now
7061 Theory.hide_classes_i/types_i/consts_i, while the non '_i' versions
7062 internalize their arguments! INCOMPATIBILITY.
7064 * Pure: get_thm interface (of PureThy and ProofContext) expects
7065 datatype thmref (with constructors Name and NameSelection) instead of
7066 plain string -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
7068 * Pure: cases produced by proof methods specify options, where NONE
7069 means to remove case bindings -- INCOMPATIBILITY in
7072 * Pure: the following operations retrieve axioms or theorems from a
7073 theory node or theory hierarchy, respectively:
7075 Theory.axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
7076 Theory.all_axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
7077 PureThy.thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
7078 PureThy.all_thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
7080 * Pure: print_tac now outputs the goal through the trace channel.
7082 * Isar toplevel: improved diagnostics, mostly for Poly/ML only.
7083 Reference Toplevel.debug (default false) controls detailed printing
7084 and tracing of low-level exceptions; Toplevel.profiling (default 0)
7085 controls execution profiling -- set to 1 for time and 2 for space
7086 (both increase the runtime).
7088 * Isar session: The initial use of ROOT.ML is now always timed,
7089 i.e. the log will show the actual process times, in contrast to the
7090 elapsed wall-clock time that the outer shell wrapper produces.
7092 * Simplifier: improved handling of bound variables (nameless
7093 representation, avoid allocating new strings). Simprocs that invoke
7094 the Simplifier recursively should use Simplifier.inherit_bounds to
7095 avoid local name clashes. Failure to do so produces warnings
7096 "Simplifier: renamed bound variable ..."; set Simplifier.debug_bounds
7097 for further details.
7099 * ML functions legacy_bindings and use_legacy_bindings produce ML fact
7100 bindings for all theorems stored within a given theory; this may help
7101 in porting non-Isar theories to Isar ones, while keeping ML proof
7102 scripts for the time being.
7104 * ML operator HTML.with_charset specifies the charset begin used for
7105 generated HTML files. For example:
7107 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Hebrew";
7108 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Chinese";
7113 * Allow symlinks to all proper Isabelle executables (Isabelle,
7114 isabelle, isatool etc.).
7116 * ISABELLE_DOC_FORMAT setting specifies preferred document format (for
7117 isatool doc, isatool mkdir, display_drafts etc.).
7119 * isatool usedir: option -f allows specification of the ML file to be
7120 used by Isabelle; default is ROOT.ML.
7122 * New isatool version outputs the version identifier of the Isabelle
7123 distribution being used.
7125 * HOL: new isatool dimacs2hol converts files in DIMACS CNF format
7126 (containing Boolean satisfiability problems) into Isabelle/HOL
7131 New in Isabelle2004 (April 2004)
7132 --------------------------------
7136 * Provers/order.ML: new efficient reasoner for partial and linear orders.
7137 Replaces linorder.ML.
7139 * Pure: Greek letters (except small lambda, \<lambda>), as well as Gothic
7140 (\<aa>...\<zz>\<AA>...\<ZZ>), calligraphic (\<A>...\<Z>), and Euler
7141 (\<a>...\<z>), are now considered normal letters, and can therefore
7142 be used anywhere where an ASCII letter (a...zA...Z) has until
7143 now. COMPATIBILITY: This obviously changes the parsing of some
7144 terms, especially where a symbol has been used as a binder, say
7145 '\<Pi>x. ...', which is now a type error since \<Pi>x will be parsed
7146 as an identifier. Fix it by inserting a space around former
7147 symbols. Call 'isatool fixgreek' to try to fix parsing errors in
7148 existing theory and ML files.
7150 * Pure: Macintosh and Windows line-breaks are now allowed in theory files.
7152 * Pure: single letter sub/superscripts (\<^isub> and \<^isup>) are now
7153 allowed in identifiers. Similar to Greek letters \<^isub> is now considered
7154 a normal (but invisible) letter. For multiple letter subscripts repeat
7155 \<^isub> like this: x\<^isub>1\<^isub>2.
7157 * Pure: There are now sub-/superscripts that can span more than one
7158 character. Text between \<^bsub> and \<^esub> is set in subscript in
7159 ProofGeneral and LaTeX, text between \<^bsup> and \<^esup> in
7160 superscript. The new control characters are not identifier parts.
7162 * Pure: Control-symbols of the form \<^raw:...> will literally print the
7163 content of "..." to the latex file instead of \isacntrl... . The "..."
7164 may consist of any printable characters excluding the end bracket >.
7166 * Pure: Using new Isar command "finalconsts" (or the ML functions
7167 Theory.add_finals or Theory.add_finals_i) it is now possible to
7168 declare constants "final", which prevents their being given a definition
7169 later. It is useful for constants whose behaviour is fixed axiomatically
7170 rather than definitionally, such as the meta-logic connectives.
7172 * Pure: 'instance' now handles general arities with general sorts
7173 (i.e. intersections of classes),
7175 * Presentation: generated HTML now uses a CSS style sheet to make layout
7176 (somewhat) independent of content. It is copied from lib/html/isabelle.css.
7177 It can be changed to alter the colors/layout of generated pages.
7182 * Tactic emulation methods rule_tac, erule_tac, drule_tac, frule_tac,
7183 cut_tac, subgoal_tac and thin_tac:
7184 - Now understand static (Isar) contexts. As a consequence, users of Isar
7185 locales are no longer forced to write Isar proof scripts.
7186 For details see Isar Reference Manual, paragraph 4.3.2: Further tactic
7188 - INCOMPATIBILITY: names of variables to be instantiated may no
7189 longer be enclosed in quotes. Instead, precede variable name with `?'.
7190 This is consistent with the instantiation attribute "where".
7192 * Attributes "where" and "of":
7193 - Now take type variables of instantiated theorem into account when reading
7194 the instantiation string. This fixes a bug that caused instantiated
7195 theorems to have too special types in some circumstances.
7196 - "where" permits explicit instantiations of type variables.
7198 * Calculation commands "moreover" and "also" no longer interfere with
7199 current facts ("this"), admitting arbitrary combinations with "then"
7203 - Goal statements involving the context element "includes" no longer
7204 generate theorems with internal delta predicates (those ending on
7205 "_axioms") in the premise.
7206 Resolve particular premise with <locale>.intro to obtain old form.
7207 - Fixed bug in type inference ("unify_frozen") that prevented mix of target
7208 specification and "includes" elements in goal statement.
7209 - Rule sets <locale>.intro and <locale>.axioms no longer declared as
7210 [intro?] and [elim?] (respectively) by default.
7211 - Experimental command for instantiation of locales in proof contexts:
7212 instantiate <label>[<attrs>]: <loc>
7213 Instantiates locale <loc> and adds all its theorems to the current context
7214 taking into account their attributes. Label and attrs are optional
7215 modifiers, like in theorem declarations. If present, names of
7216 instantiated theorems are qualified with <label>, and the attributes
7217 <attrs> are applied after any attributes these theorems might have already.
7218 If the locale has assumptions, a chained fact of the form
7219 "<loc> t1 ... tn" is expected from which instantiations of the parameters
7220 are derived. The command does not support old-style locales declared
7221 with "locale (open)".
7222 A few (very simple) examples can be found in FOL/ex/LocaleInst.thy.
7224 * HOL: Tactic emulation methods induct_tac and case_tac understand static
7230 * Proof import: new image HOL4 contains the imported library from
7231 the HOL4 system with about 2500 theorems. It is imported by
7232 replaying proof terms produced by HOL4 in Isabelle. The HOL4 image
7233 can be used like any other Isabelle image. See
7234 HOL/Import/HOL/README for more information.
7237 - Much improved handling of linear and partial orders.
7238 Reasoners for linear and partial orders are set up for type classes
7239 "linorder" and "order" respectively, and are added to the default simpset
7240 as solvers. This means that the simplifier can build transitivity chains
7241 to solve goals from the assumptions.
7242 - INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break occasionally. Typically, applications
7243 of blast or auto after simplification become unnecessary because the goal
7244 is solved by simplification already.
7246 * Numerics: new theory Ring_and_Field contains over 250 basic numerical laws,
7247 all proved in axiomatic type classes for semirings, rings and fields.
7250 - Numeric types (nat, int, and in HOL-Complex rat, real, complex, etc.) are
7251 now formalized using the Ring_and_Field theory mentioned above.
7252 - INCOMPATIBILITY: simplification and arithmetic behaves somewhat differently
7253 than before, because now they are set up once in a generic manner.
7254 - INCOMPATIBILITY: many type-specific arithmetic laws have gone.
7255 Look for the general versions in Ring_and_Field (and Power if they concern
7258 * Type "rat" of the rational numbers is now available in HOL-Complex.
7261 - Record types are now by default printed with their type abbreviation
7262 instead of the list of all field types. This can be configured via
7263 the reference "print_record_type_abbr".
7264 - Simproc "record_upd_simproc" for simplification of multiple updates added
7265 (not enabled by default).
7266 - Simproc "record_ex_sel_eq_simproc" to simplify EX x. sel r = x resp.
7267 EX x. x = sel r to True (not enabled by default).
7268 - Tactic "record_split_simp_tac" to split and simplify records added.
7270 * 'specification' command added, allowing for definition by
7271 specification. There is also an 'ax_specification' command that
7272 introduces the new constants axiomatically.
7274 * arith(_tac) is now able to generate counterexamples for reals as well.
7276 * HOL-Algebra: new locale "ring" for non-commutative rings.
7278 * HOL-ex: InductiveInvariant_examples illustrates advanced recursive function
7279 definitions, thanks to Sava Krsti\'{c} and John Matthews.
7281 * HOL-Matrix: a first theory for matrices in HOL with an application of
7282 matrix theory to linear programming.
7284 * Unions and Intersections:
7285 The latex output syntax of UN and INT has been changed
7286 from "\Union x \in A. B" to "\Union_{x \in A} B"
7287 i.e. the index formulae has become a subscript.
7288 Similarly for "\Union x. B", and for \Inter instead of \Union.
7290 * Unions and Intersections over Intervals:
7291 There is new short syntax "UN i<=n. A" for "UN i:{0..n}. A". There is
7292 also an x-symbol version with subscripts "\<Union>\<^bsub>i <= n\<^esub>. A"
7293 like in normal math, and corresponding versions for < and for intersection.
7295 * HOL/List: Ordering "lexico" is renamed "lenlex" and the standard
7296 lexicographic dictonary ordering has been added as "lexord".
7298 * ML: the legacy theory structures Int and List have been removed. They had
7299 conflicted with ML Basis Library structures having the same names.
7301 * 'refute' command added to search for (finite) countermodels. Only works
7302 for a fragment of HOL. The installation of an external SAT solver is
7303 highly recommended. See "HOL/Refute.thy" for details.
7305 * 'quickcheck' command: Allows to find counterexamples by evaluating
7306 formulae under an assignment of free variables to random values.
7307 In contrast to 'refute', it can deal with inductive datatypes,
7308 but cannot handle quantifiers. See "HOL/ex/Quickcheck_Examples.thy"
7314 * Streams now come with concatenation and are part of the HOLCF image
7318 New in Isabelle2003 (May 2003)
7319 ------------------------------
7323 * Provers/simplifier:
7325 - Completely reimplemented method simp (ML: Asm_full_simp_tac):
7326 Assumptions are now subject to complete mutual simplification,
7327 not just from left to right. The simplifier now preserves
7328 the order of assumptions.
7330 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
7332 -- simp sometimes diverges where the old version did
7333 not, e.g. invoking simp on the goal
7335 [| P (f x); y = x; f x = f y |] ==> Q
7337 now gives rise to the infinite reduction sequence
7339 P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> P(f y) --(y = x)--> P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> ...
7341 Using "simp (asm_lr)" (ML: Asm_lr_simp_tac) instead often solves this
7344 -- Tactics combining classical reasoner and simplification (such as auto)
7345 are also affected by this change, because many of them rely on
7346 simp. They may sometimes diverge as well or yield a different numbers
7347 of subgoals. Try to use e.g. force, fastsimp, or safe instead of auto
7348 in case of problems. Sometimes subsequent calls to the classical
7349 reasoner will fail because a preceeding call to the simplifier too
7350 eagerly simplified the goal, e.g. deleted redundant premises.
7352 - The simplifier trace now shows the names of the applied rewrite rules
7354 - You can limit the number of recursive invocations of the simplifier
7355 during conditional rewriting (where the simplifie tries to solve the
7356 conditions before applying the rewrite rule):
7357 ML "simp_depth_limit := n"
7358 where n is an integer. Thus you can force termination where previously
7359 the simplifier would diverge.
7361 - Accepts free variables as head terms in congruence rules. Useful in Isar.
7363 - No longer aborts on failed congruence proof. Instead, the
7364 congruence is ignored.
7366 * Pure: New generic framework for extracting programs from constructive
7367 proofs. See HOL/Extraction.thy for an example instantiation, as well
7368 as HOL/Extraction for some case studies.
7370 * Pure: The main goal of the proof state is no longer shown by default, only
7371 the subgoals. This behaviour is controlled by a new flag.
7372 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Settings -> Show Main Goal
7373 (ML: Proof.show_main_goal).
7375 * Pure: You can find all matching introduction rules for subgoal 1, i.e. all
7376 rules whose conclusion matches subgoal 1:
7377 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Show me -> matching rules
7378 The rules are ordered by how closely they match the subgoal.
7379 In particular, rules that solve a subgoal outright are displayed first
7380 (or rather last, the way they are printed).
7381 (ML: ProofGeneral.print_intros())
7383 * Pure: New flag trace_unify_fail causes unification to print
7384 diagnostic information (PG: in trace buffer) when it fails. This is
7385 useful for figuring out why single step proofs like rule, erule or
7388 * Pure: Locale specifications now produce predicate definitions
7389 according to the body of text (covering assumptions modulo local
7390 definitions); predicate "loc_axioms" covers newly introduced text,
7391 while "loc" is cumulative wrt. all included locale expressions; the
7392 latter view is presented only on export into the global theory
7393 context; potential INCOMPATIBILITY, use "(open)" option to fall back
7394 on the old view without predicates;
7396 * Pure: predefined locales "var" and "struct" are useful for sharing
7397 parameters (as in CASL, for example); just specify something like
7398 ``var x + var y + struct M'' as import;
7400 * Pure: improved thms_containing: proper indexing of facts instead of
7401 raw theorems; check validity of results wrt. current name space;
7402 include local facts of proof configuration (also covers active
7403 locales), cover fixed variables in index; may use "_" in term
7404 specification; an optional limit for the number of printed facts may
7405 be given (the default is 40);
7407 * Pure: disallow duplicate fact bindings within new-style theory files
7410 * Provers: improved induct method: assumptions introduced by case
7411 "foo" are split into "foo.hyps" (from the rule) and "foo.prems" (from
7412 the goal statement); "foo" still refers to all facts collectively;
7414 * Provers: the function blast.overloaded has been removed: all constants
7415 are regarded as potentially overloaded, which improves robustness in exchange
7416 for slight decrease in efficiency;
7418 * Provers/linorder: New generic prover for transitivity reasoning over
7419 linear orders. Note: this prover is not efficient!
7421 * Isar: preview of problems to finish 'show' now produce an error
7422 rather than just a warning (in interactive mode);
7429 - Produces a counter example if it cannot prove a goal.
7430 Note that the counter example may be spurious if the goal is not a formula
7431 of quantifier-free linear arithmetic.
7432 In ProofGeneral the counter example appears in the trace buffer.
7434 - Knows about div k and mod k where k is a numeral of type nat or int.
7436 - Calls full Presburger arithmetic (by Amine Chaieb) if quantifier-free
7437 linear arithmetic fails. This takes account of quantifiers and divisibility.
7438 Presburger arithmetic can also be called explicitly via presburger(_tac).
7440 * simp's arithmetic capabilities have been enhanced a bit: it now
7441 takes ~= in premises into account (by performing a case split);
7443 * simp reduces "m*(n div m) + n mod m" to n, even if the two summands
7444 are distributed over a sum of terms;
7446 * New tactic "trans_tac" and method "trans" instantiate
7447 Provers/linorder.ML for axclasses "order" and "linorder" (predicates
7450 * function INCOMPATIBILITIES: Pi-sets have been redefined and moved from main
7451 HOL to Library/FuncSet; constant "Fun.op o" is now called "Fun.comp";
7453 * 'typedef' command has new option "open" to suppress the set
7456 * functions Min and Max on finite sets have been introduced (theory
7459 * attribute [symmetric] now works for relations as well; it turns
7460 (x,y) : R^-1 into (y,x) : R, and vice versa;
7462 * induct over a !!-quantified statement (say !!x1..xn):
7463 each "case" automatically performs "fix x1 .. xn" with exactly those names.
7465 * Map: `empty' is no longer a constant but a syntactic abbreviation for
7466 %x. None. Warning: empty_def now refers to the previously hidden definition
7469 * Algebra: formalization of classical algebra. Intended as base for
7470 any algebraic development in Isabelle. Currently covers group theory
7471 (up to Sylow's theorem) and ring theory (Universal Property of
7472 Univariate Polynomials). Contributions welcome;
7474 * GroupTheory: deleted, since its material has been moved to Algebra;
7476 * Complex: new directory of the complex numbers with numeric constants,
7477 nonstandard complex numbers, and some complex analysis, standard and
7478 nonstandard (Jacques Fleuriot);
7480 * HOL-Complex: new image for analysis, replacing HOL-Real and HOL-Hyperreal;
7482 * Hyperreal: introduced Gauge integration and hyperreal logarithms (Jacques
7485 * Real/HahnBanach: updated and adapted to locales;
7487 * NumberTheory: added Gauss's law of quadratic reciprocity (by Avigad,
7490 * UNITY: added the Meier-Sanders theory of progress sets;
7492 * MicroJava: bytecode verifier and lightweight bytecode verifier
7493 as abstract algorithms, instantiated to the JVM;
7495 * Bali: Java source language formalization. Type system, operational
7496 semantics, axiomatic semantics. Supported language features:
7497 classes, interfaces, objects,virtual methods, static methods,
7498 static/instance fields, arrays, access modifiers, definite
7499 assignment, exceptions.
7504 * ZF/Constructible: consistency proof for AC (Gdel's constructible
7507 * Main ZF: virtually all theories converted to new-style format;
7512 * Pure: Tactic.prove provides sane interface for internal proofs;
7513 omits the infamous "standard" operation, so this is more appropriate
7514 than prove_goalw_cterm in many situations (e.g. in simprocs);
7516 * Pure: improved error reporting of simprocs;
7518 * Provers: Simplifier.simproc(_i) provides sane interface for setting
7522 *** Document preparation ***
7524 * uses \par instead of \\ for line breaks in theory text. This may
7525 shift some page breaks in large documents. To get the old behaviour
7526 use \renewcommand{\isanewline}{\mbox{}\\\mbox{}} in root.tex.
7528 * minimized dependencies of isabelle.sty and isabellesym.sty on
7531 * \<euro> now needs package babel/greek instead of marvosym (which
7534 * normal size for \<zero>...\<nine> (uses \mathbf instead of
7539 New in Isabelle2002 (March 2002)
7540 --------------------------------
7542 *** Document preparation ***
7544 * greatly simplified document preparation setup, including more
7545 graceful interpretation of isatool usedir -i/-d/-D options, and more
7546 instructive isatool mkdir; users should basically be able to get
7547 started with "isatool mkdir HOL Test && isatool make"; alternatively,
7548 users may run a separate document processing stage manually like this:
7549 "isatool usedir -D output HOL Test && isatool document Test/output";
7551 * theory dependency graph may now be incorporated into documents;
7552 isatool usedir -g true will produce session_graph.eps/.pdf for use
7553 with \includegraphics of LaTeX;
7555 * proper spacing of consecutive markup elements, especially text
7556 blocks after section headings;
7558 * support bold style (for single symbols only), input syntax is like
7559 this: "\<^bold>\<alpha>" or "\<^bold>A";
7561 * \<bullet> is now output as bold \cdot by default, which looks much
7562 better in printed text;
7564 * added default LaTeX bindings for \<tturnstile> and \<TTurnstile>;
7565 note that these symbols are currently unavailable in Proof General /
7566 X-Symbol; new symbols \<zero>, \<one>, ..., \<nine>, and \<euro>;
7568 * isatool latex no longer depends on changed TEXINPUTS, instead
7569 isatool document copies the Isabelle style files to the target
7575 * Pure/Provers: improved proof by cases and induction;
7576 - 'case' command admits impromptu naming of parameters (such as
7578 - 'induct' method divinates rule instantiation from the inductive
7579 claim; no longer requires excessive ?P bindings for proper
7580 instantiation of cases;
7581 - 'induct' method properly enumerates all possibilities of set/type
7582 rules; as a consequence facts may be also passed through *type*
7583 rules without further ado;
7584 - 'induct' method now derives symbolic cases from the *rulified*
7585 rule (before it used to rulify cases stemming from the internal
7586 atomized version); this means that the context of a non-atomic
7587 statement becomes is included in the hypothesis, avoiding the
7588 slightly cumbersome show "PROP ?case" form;
7589 - 'induct' may now use elim-style induction rules without chaining
7590 facts, using ``missing'' premises from the goal state; this allows
7591 rules stemming from inductive sets to be applied in unstructured
7592 scripts, while still benefitting from proper handling of non-atomic
7593 statements; NB: major inductive premises need to be put first, all
7594 the rest of the goal is passed through the induction;
7595 - 'induct' proper support for mutual induction involving non-atomic
7596 rule statements (uses the new concept of simultaneous goals, see
7598 - append all possible rule selections, but only use the first
7599 success (no backtracking);
7600 - removed obsolete "(simplified)" and "(stripped)" options of methods;
7601 - undeclared rule case names default to numbers 1, 2, 3, ...;
7602 - added 'print_induct_rules' (covered by help item in recent Proof
7604 - moved induct/cases attributes to Pure, methods to Provers;
7605 - generic method setup instantiated for FOL and HOL;
7607 * Pure: support multiple simultaneous goal statements, for example
7608 "have a: A and b: B" (same for 'theorem' etc.); being a pure
7609 meta-level mechanism, this acts as if several individual goals had
7610 been stated separately; in particular common proof methods need to be
7611 repeated in order to cover all claims; note that a single elimination
7612 step is *not* sufficient to establish the two conjunctions, so this
7615 assume "A & B" then have A and B .. (*".." fails*)
7617 better use "obtain" in situations as above; alternative refer to
7618 multi-step methods like 'auto', 'simp_all', 'blast+' etc.;
7620 * Pure: proper integration with ``locales''; unlike the original
7621 version by Florian Kammller, Isar locales package high-level proof
7622 contexts rather than raw logical ones (e.g. we admit to include
7623 attributes everywhere); operations on locales include merge and
7624 rename; support for implicit arguments (``structures''); simultaneous
7625 type-inference over imports and text; see also HOL/ex/Locales.thy for
7628 * Pure: the following commands have been ``localized'', supporting a
7629 target locale specification "(in name)": 'lemma', 'theorem',
7630 'corollary', 'lemmas', 'theorems', 'declare'; the results will be
7631 stored both within the locale and at the theory level (exported and
7632 qualified by the locale name);
7634 * Pure: theory goals may now be specified in ``long'' form, with
7635 ad-hoc contexts consisting of arbitrary locale elements. for example
7636 ``lemma foo: fixes x assumes "A x" shows "B x"'' (local syntax and
7637 definitions may be given, too); the result is a meta-level rule with
7638 the context elements being discharged in the obvious way;
7640 * Pure: new proof command 'using' allows to augment currently used
7641 facts after a goal statement ('using' is syntactically analogous to
7642 'apply', but acts on the goal's facts only); this allows chained facts
7643 to be separated into parts given before and after a claim, as in
7644 ``from a and b have C using d and e <proof>'';
7646 * Pure: renamed "antecedent" case to "rule_context";
7648 * Pure: new 'judgment' command records explicit information about the
7649 object-logic embedding (used by several tools internally); no longer
7650 use hard-wired "Trueprop";
7652 * Pure: added 'corollary' command;
7654 * Pure: fixed 'token_translation' command;
7656 * Pure: removed obsolete 'exported' attribute;
7658 * Pure: dummy pattern "_" in is/let is now automatically lifted over
7659 bound variables: "ALL x. P x --> Q x" (is "ALL x. _ --> ?C x")
7660 supersedes more cumbersome ... (is "ALL x. _ x --> ?C x");
7662 * Pure: method 'atomize' presents local goal premises as object-level
7663 statements (atomic meta-level propositions); setup controlled via
7664 rewrite rules declarations of 'atomize' attribute; example
7665 application: 'induct' method with proper rule statements in improper
7668 * Pure: emulation of instantiation tactics (rule_tac, cut_tac, etc.)
7669 now consider the syntactic context of assumptions, giving a better
7670 chance to get type-inference of the arguments right (this is
7671 especially important for locales);
7673 * Pure: "sorry" no longer requires quick_and_dirty in interactive
7676 * Pure/obtain: the formal conclusion "thesis", being marked as
7677 ``internal'', may no longer be reference directly in the text;
7678 potential INCOMPATIBILITY, may need to use "?thesis" in rare
7681 * Pure: generic 'sym' attribute which declares a rule both as pure
7682 'elim?' and for the 'symmetric' operation;
7684 * Pure: marginal comments ``--'' may now occur just anywhere in the
7685 text; the fixed correlation with particular command syntax has been
7688 * Pure: new method 'rules' is particularly well-suited for proof
7689 search in intuitionistic logic; a bit slower than 'blast' or 'fast',
7690 but often produces more compact proof terms with less detours;
7692 * Pure/Provers/classical: simplified integration with pure rule
7693 attributes and methods; the classical "intro?/elim?/dest?"
7694 declarations coincide with the pure ones; the "rule" method no longer
7695 includes classically swapped intros; "intro" and "elim" methods no
7696 longer pick rules from the context; also got rid of ML declarations
7697 AddXIs/AddXEs/AddXDs; all of this has some potential for
7700 * Provers/classical: attribute 'swapped' produces classical inversions
7701 of introduction rules;
7703 * Provers/simplifier: 'simplified' attribute may refer to explicit
7704 rules instead of full simplifier context; 'iff' attribute handles
7707 * HOL: 'typedef' now allows alternative names for Rep/Abs morphisms;
7709 * HOL: 'recdef' now fails on unfinished automated proofs, use
7710 "(permissive)" option to recover old behavior;
7712 * HOL: 'inductive' no longer features separate (collective) attributes
7713 for 'intros' (was found too confusing);
7715 * HOL: properly declared induction rules less_induct and
7721 * HOL: moved over to sane numeral syntax; the new policy is as
7724 - 0 and 1 are polymorphic constants, which are defined on any
7725 numeric type (nat, int, real etc.);
7727 - 2, 3, 4, ... and -1, -2, -3, ... are polymorphic numerals, based
7728 binary representation internally;
7730 - type nat has special constructor Suc, and generally prefers Suc 0
7731 over 1::nat and Suc (Suc 0) over 2::nat;
7733 This change may cause significant problems of INCOMPATIBILITY; here
7734 are some hints on converting existing sources:
7736 - due to the new "num" token, "-0" and "-1" etc. are now atomic
7737 entities, so expressions involving "-" (unary or binary minus) need
7738 to be spaced properly;
7740 - existing occurrences of "1" may need to be constraint "1::nat" or
7741 even replaced by Suc 0; similar for old "2";
7743 - replace "#nnn" by "nnn", and "#-nnn" by "-nnn";
7745 - remove all special provisions on numerals in proofs;
7747 * HOL: simp rules nat_number expand numerals on nat to Suc/0
7748 representation (depends on bin_arith_simps in the default context);
7750 * HOL: symbolic syntax for x^2 (numeral 2);
7752 * HOL: the class of all HOL types is now called "type" rather than
7753 "term"; INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt references to this type class
7754 in axclass/classes, instance/arities, and (usually rare) occurrences
7755 in typings (of consts etc.); internally the class is called
7756 "HOL.type", ML programs should refer to HOLogic.typeS;
7758 * HOL/record package improvements:
7759 - new derived operations "fields" to build a partial record section,
7760 "extend" to promote a fixed record to a record scheme, and
7761 "truncate" for the reverse; cf. theorems "xxx.defs", which are *not*
7762 declared as simp by default;
7763 - shared operations ("more", "fields", etc.) now need to be always
7764 qualified) --- potential INCOMPATIBILITY;
7765 - removed "make_scheme" operations (use "make" with "extend") --
7767 - removed "more" class (simply use "term") -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
7768 - provides cases/induct rules for use with corresponding Isar
7769 methods (for concrete records, record schemes, concrete more
7770 parts, and schematic more parts -- in that order);
7771 - internal definitions directly based on a light-weight abstract
7772 theory of product types over typedef rather than datatype;
7774 * HOL: generic code generator for generating executable ML code from
7775 specifications; specific support for HOL constructs such as inductive
7776 datatypes and sets, as well as recursive functions; can be invoked
7777 via 'generate_code' theory section;
7779 * HOL: canonical cases/induct rules for n-tuples (n = 3..7);
7781 * HOL: consolidated and renamed several theories. In particular:
7782 Ord.thy has been absorbed into HOL.thy
7783 String.thy has been absorbed into List.thy
7785 * HOL: concrete setsum syntax "\<Sum>i:A. b" == "setsum (%i. b) A"
7786 (beware of argument permutation!);
7788 * HOL: linorder_less_split superseded by linorder_cases;
7790 * HOL/List: "nodups" renamed to "distinct";
7792 * HOL: added "The" definite description operator; move Hilbert's "Eps"
7793 to peripheral theory "Hilbert_Choice"; some INCOMPATIBILITIES:
7794 - Ex_def has changed, now need to use some_eq_ex
7796 * HOL: made split_all_tac safe; EXISTING PROOFS MAY FAIL OR LOOP, so
7797 in this (rare) case use:
7799 delSWrapper "split_all_tac"
7800 addSbefore ("unsafe_split_all_tac", unsafe_split_all_tac)
7802 * HOL: added safe wrapper "split_conv_tac" to claset; EXISTING PROOFS
7805 * HOL: introduced f^n = f o ... o f; warning: due to the limits of
7806 Isabelle's type classes, ^ on functions and relations has too general
7807 a domain, namely ('a * 'b) set and 'a => 'b; this means that it may be
7808 necessary to attach explicit type constraints;
7810 * HOL/Relation: the prefix name of the infix "O" has been changed from
7811 "comp" to "rel_comp"; INCOMPATIBILITY: a few theorems have been
7812 renamed accordingly (eg "compI" -> "rel_compI").
7814 * HOL: syntax translations now work properly with numerals and records
7817 * HOL: bounded abstraction now uses syntax "%" / "\<lambda>" instead
7818 of "lam" -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
7820 * HOL: got rid of some global declarations (potential INCOMPATIBILITY
7821 for ML tools): const "()" renamed "Product_Type.Unity", type "unit"
7822 renamed "Product_Type.unit";
7824 * HOL: renamed rtrancl_into_rtrancl2 to converse_rtrancl_into_rtrancl
7826 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem "optionE" (use "option.exhaust", or
7827 the "cases" method);
7829 * HOL/GroupTheory: group theory examples including Sylow's theorem (by
7832 * HOL/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory format; several
7833 parts turned into readable document, with proper Isar proof texts and
7834 some explanations (by Gerwin Klein);
7836 * HOL-Real: added Complex_Numbers (by Gertrud Bauer);
7838 * HOL-Hyperreal is now a logic image;
7843 * Isar: consts/constdefs supports mixfix syntax for continuous
7846 * Isar: domain package adapted to new-style theory format, e.g. see
7849 * theory Lift: proper use of rep_datatype lift instead of ML hacks --
7850 potential INCOMPATIBILITY; now use plain induct_tac instead of former
7851 lift.induct_tac, always use UU instead of Undef;
7853 * HOLCF/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory;
7858 * Isar: proper integration of logic-specific tools and packages,
7859 including theory commands '(co)inductive', '(co)datatype',
7860 'rep_datatype', 'inductive_cases', as well as methods 'ind_cases',
7861 'induct_tac', 'case_tac', and 'typecheck' (with attribute 'TC');
7863 * theory Main no longer includes AC; for the Axiom of Choice, base
7864 your theory on Main_ZFC;
7866 * the integer library now covers quotients and remainders, with many
7867 laws relating division to addition, multiplication, etc.;
7869 * ZF/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY is now available in ZF, giving a
7870 typeless version of the formalism;
7872 * ZF/AC, Coind, IMP, Resid: updated and converted to new-style theory
7875 * ZF/Induct: new directory for examples of inductive definitions,
7876 including theory Multiset for multiset orderings; converted to
7877 new-style theory format;
7879 * ZF: many new theorems about lists, ordinals, etc.;
7884 * Pure/kernel: meta-level proof terms (by Stefan Berghofer); reference
7885 variable proof controls level of detail: 0 = no proofs (only oracle
7886 dependencies), 1 = lemma dependencies, 2 = compact proof terms; see
7887 also ref manual for further ML interfaces;
7889 * Pure/axclass: removed obsolete ML interface
7890 goal_subclass/goal_arity;
7892 * Pure/syntax: new token syntax "num" for plain numerals (without "#"
7893 of "xnum"); potential INCOMPATIBILITY, since -0, -1 etc. are now
7894 separate tokens, so expressions involving minus need to be spaced
7897 * Pure/syntax: support non-oriented infixes, using keyword "infix"
7898 rather than "infixl" or "infixr";
7900 * Pure/syntax: concrete syntax for dummy type variables admits genuine
7901 sort constraint specifications in type inference; e.g. "x::_::foo"
7902 ensures that the type of "x" is of sort "foo" (but not necessarily a
7905 * Pure/syntax: print modes "type_brackets" and "no_type_brackets"
7906 control output of nested => (types); the default behavior is
7909 * Pure/syntax: builtin parse translation for "_constify" turns valued
7910 tokens into AST constants;
7912 * Pure/syntax: prefer later declarations of translations and print
7913 translation functions; potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to reverse
7914 multiple declarations for same syntax element constant;
7916 * Pure/show_hyps reset by default (in accordance to existing Isar
7919 * Provers/classical: renamed addaltern to addafter, addSaltern to
7922 * Provers/clasimp: ``iff'' declarations now handle conditional rules
7925 * system: tested support for MacOS X; should be able to get Isabelle +
7926 Proof General to work in a plain Terminal after installing Poly/ML
7927 (e.g. from the Isabelle distribution area) and GNU bash alone
7928 (e.g. from http://www.apple.com); full X11, XEmacs and X-Symbol
7929 support requires further installations, e.g. from
7930 http://fink.sourceforge.net/);
7932 * system: support Poly/ML 4.1.1 (able to manage larger heaps);
7934 * system: reduced base memory usage by Poly/ML (approx. 20 MB instead
7935 of 40 MB), cf. ML_OPTIONS;
7937 * system: Proof General keywords specification is now part of the
7938 Isabelle distribution (see etc/isar-keywords.el);
7940 * system: support for persistent Proof General sessions (refrain from
7941 outdating all loaded theories on startup); user may create writable
7942 logic images like this: ``isabelle -q HOL Test'';
7944 * system: smart selection of Isabelle process versus Isabelle
7945 interface, accommodates case-insensitive file systems (e.g. HFS+); may
7946 run both "isabelle" and "Isabelle" even if file names are badly
7947 damaged (executable inspects the case of the first letter of its own
7948 name); added separate "isabelle-process" and "isabelle-interface";
7950 * system: refrain from any attempt at filtering input streams; no
7951 longer support ``8bit'' encoding of old isabelle font, instead proper
7952 iso-latin characters may now be used; the related isatools
7953 "symbolinput" and "nonascii" have disappeared as well;
7955 * system: removed old "xterm" interface (the print modes "xterm" and
7956 "xterm_color" are still available for direct use in a suitable
7961 New in Isabelle99-2 (February 2001)
7962 -----------------------------------
7964 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
7966 * HOL: please note that theories in the Library and elsewhere often use the
7967 new-style (Isar) format; to refer to their theorems in an ML script you must
7968 bind them to ML identifers by e.g. val thm_name = thm "thm_name";
7970 * HOL: inductive package no longer splits induction rule aggressively,
7971 but only as far as specified by the introductions given; the old
7972 format may be recovered via ML function complete_split_rule or attribute
7973 'split_rule (complete)';
7975 * HOL: induct renamed to lfp_induct, lfp_Tarski to lfp_unfold,
7976 gfp_Tarski to gfp_unfold;
7978 * HOL: contrapos, contrapos2 renamed to contrapos_nn, contrapos_pp;
7980 * HOL: infix "dvd" now has priority 50 rather than 70 (because it is a
7981 relation); infix "^^" has been renamed "``"; infix "``" has been
7982 renamed "`"; "univalent" has been renamed "single_valued";
7984 * HOL/Real: "rinv" and "hrinv" replaced by overloaded "inverse"
7987 * HOLCF: infix "`" has been renamed "$"; the symbol syntax is \<cdot>;
7989 * Isar: 'obtain' no longer declares "that" fact as simp/intro;
7991 * Isar/HOL: method 'induct' now handles non-atomic goals; as a
7992 consequence, it is no longer monotonic wrt. the local goal context
7993 (which is now passed through the inductive cases);
7995 * Document preparation: renamed standard symbols \<ll> to \<lless> and
7996 \<gg> to \<ggreater>;
7999 *** Document preparation ***
8001 * \isabellestyle{NAME} selects version of Isabelle output (currently
8002 available: are "it" for near math-mode best-style output, "sl" for
8003 slanted text style, and "tt" for plain type-writer; if no
8004 \isabellestyle command is given, output is according to slanted
8007 * support sub/super scripts (for single symbols only), input syntax is
8008 like this: "A\<^sup>*" or "A\<^sup>\<star>";
8010 * some more standard symbols; see Appendix A of the system manual for
8011 the complete list of symbols defined in isabellesym.sty;
8013 * improved isabelle style files; more abstract symbol implementation
8014 (should now use \isamath{...} and \isatext{...} in custom symbol
8017 * antiquotation @{goals} and @{subgoals} for output of *dynamic* goals
8018 state; Note that presentation of goal states does not conform to
8019 actual human-readable proof documents. Please do not include goal
8020 states into document output unless you really know what you are doing!
8022 * proper indentation of antiquoted output with proportional LaTeX
8025 * no_document ML operator temporarily disables LaTeX document
8028 * isatool unsymbolize tunes sources for plain ASCII communication;
8033 * Pure: Isar now suffers initial goal statements to contain unbound
8034 schematic variables (this does not conform to actual readable proof
8035 documents, due to unpredictable outcome and non-compositional proof
8036 checking); users who know what they are doing may use schematic goals
8037 for Prolog-style synthesis of proven results;
8039 * Pure: assumption method (an implicit finishing) now handles actual
8042 * Pure: improved 'obtain' --- moved to Pure, insert "that" into
8043 initial goal, declare "that" only as Pure intro (only for single
8044 steps); the "that" rule assumption may now be involved in implicit
8045 finishing, thus ".." becomes a feasible for trivial obtains;
8047 * Pure: default proof step now includes 'intro_classes'; thus trivial
8048 instance proofs may be performed by "..";
8050 * Pure: ?thesis / ?this / "..." now work for pure meta-level
8053 * Pure: more robust selection of calculational rules;
8055 * Pure: the builtin notion of 'finished' goal now includes the ==-refl
8056 rule (as well as the assumption rule);
8058 * Pure: 'thm_deps' command visualizes dependencies of theorems and
8059 lemmas, using the graph browser tool;
8061 * Pure: predict failure of "show" in interactive mode;
8063 * Pure: 'thms_containing' now takes actual terms as arguments;
8065 * HOL: improved method 'induct' --- now handles non-atomic goals
8066 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY); tuned error handling;
8068 * HOL: cases and induct rules now provide explicit hints about the
8069 number of facts to be consumed (0 for "type" and 1 for "set" rules);
8070 any remaining facts are inserted into the goal verbatim;
8072 * HOL: local contexts (aka cases) may now contain term bindings as
8073 well; the 'cases' and 'induct' methods new provide a ?case binding for
8074 the result to be shown in each case;
8076 * HOL: added 'recdef_tc' command;
8078 * isatool convert assists in eliminating legacy ML scripts;
8083 * HOL/Library: a collection of generic theories to be used together
8084 with main HOL; the theory loader path already includes this directory
8085 by default; the following existing theories have been moved here:
8086 HOL/Induct/Multiset, HOL/Induct/Acc (as Accessible_Part), HOL/While
8087 (as While_Combinator), HOL/Lex/Prefix (as List_Prefix);
8089 * HOL/Unix: "Some aspects of Unix file-system security", a typical
8090 modelling and verification task performed in Isabelle/HOL +
8091 Isabelle/Isar + Isabelle document preparation (by Markus Wenzel).
8093 * HOL/Algebra: special summation operator SUM no longer exists, it has
8094 been replaced by setsum; infix 'assoc' now has priority 50 (like
8095 'dvd'); axiom 'one_not_zero' has been moved from axclass 'ring' to
8096 'domain', this makes the theory consistent with mathematical
8099 * HOL basics: added overloaded operations "inverse" and "divide"
8100 (infix "/"), syntax for generic "abs" operation, generic summation
8103 * HOL/typedef: simplified package, provide more useful rules (see also
8106 * HOL/datatype: induction rule for arbitrarily branching datatypes is
8107 now expressed as a proper nested rule (old-style tactic scripts may
8108 require atomize_strip_tac to cope with non-atomic premises);
8110 * HOL: renamed theory "Prod" to "Product_Type", renamed "split" rule
8111 to "split_conv" (old name still available for compatibility);
8113 * HOL: improved concrete syntax for strings (e.g. allows translation
8114 rules with string literals);
8116 * HOL-Real-Hyperreal: this extends HOL-Real with the hyperreals
8117 and Fleuriot's mechanization of analysis, including the transcendental
8118 functions for the reals;
8120 * HOL/Real, HOL/Hyperreal: improved arithmetic simplification;
8125 * CTT: x-symbol support for Pi, Sigma, -->, : (membership); note that
8126 "lam" is displayed as TWO lambda-symbols
8128 * CTT: theory Main now available, containing everything (that is, Bool
8134 * Pure: the Simplifier has been implemented properly as a derived rule
8135 outside of the actual kernel (at last!); the overall performance
8136 penalty in practical applications is about 50%, while reliability of
8137 the Isabelle inference kernel has been greatly improved;
8139 * print modes "brackets" and "no_brackets" control output of nested =>
8140 (types) and ==> (props); the default behaviour is "brackets";
8142 * Provers: fast_tac (and friends) now handle actual object-logic rules
8143 as assumptions as well;
8145 * system: support Poly/ML 4.0;
8147 * system: isatool install handles KDE version 1 or 2;
8151 New in Isabelle99-1 (October 2000)
8152 ----------------------------------
8154 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
8156 * HOL: simplification of natural numbers is much changed; to partly
8157 recover the old behaviour (e.g. to prevent n+n rewriting to #2*n)
8158 issue the following ML commands:
8160 Delsimprocs Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.cancel_numerals;
8161 Delsimprocs [Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.combine_numerals];
8163 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions; this is
8164 controlled by "t.weak_case_cong" for each datatype t;
8166 * HOL: nat_less_induct renamed to less_induct;
8168 * HOL: systematic renaming of the SOME (Eps) rules, may use isatool
8169 fixsome to patch .thy and .ML sources automatically;
8171 select_equality -> some_equality
8172 select_eq_Ex -> some_eq_ex
8173 selectI2EX -> someI2_ex
8176 select1_equality -> some1_equality
8177 Eps_sym_eq -> some_sym_eq_trivial
8178 Eps_eq -> some_eq_trivial
8180 * HOL: exhaust_tac on datatypes superceded by new generic case_tac;
8182 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem binding expand_if (refer to split_if
8185 * HOL: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' are now called
8186 f.simps instead of f.rules;
8188 * HOL: qed_spec_mp now also handles bounded ALL as well;
8190 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded, so the type constraint ":: nat" may
8191 sometimes be needed;
8193 * HOL: the constant for "f``x" is now "image" rather than "op ``";
8195 * HOL: the constant for "f-``x" is now "vimage" rather than "op -``";
8197 * HOL: the disjoint sum is now "<+>" instead of "Plus"; the cartesian
8198 product is now "<*>" instead of "Times"; the lexicographic product is
8199 now "<*lex*>" instead of "**";
8201 * HOL: theory Sexp is now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part
8202 of main HOL, but was unused); better use HOL's datatype package;
8204 * HOL: removed "symbols" syntax for constant "override" of theory Map;
8205 the old syntax may be recovered as follows:
8208 override :: "('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b)"
8209 (infixl "\\<oplus>" 100)
8211 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
8213 * HOL/ML: even fewer consts are declared as global (see theories Ord,
8214 Lfp, Gfp, WF); this only affects ML packages that refer to const names
8217 * HOL and ZF: syntax for quotienting wrt an equivalence relation
8218 changed from A/r to A//r;
8220 * ZF: new treatment of arithmetic (nat & int) may break some old
8223 * Isar: renamed some attributes (RS -> THEN, simplify -> simplified,
8224 rulify -> rule_format, elimify -> elim_format, ...);
8226 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
8227 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (in most cases, one
8228 should have to change intro!! to intro? only); replaced "delrule" by
8231 * Isar/HOL: renamed "intrs" to "intros" in inductive definitions;
8233 * Provers: strengthened force_tac by using new first_best_tac;
8235 * LaTeX document preparation: several changes of isabelle.sty (see
8239 *** Document preparation ***
8241 * formal comments (text blocks etc.) in new-style theories may now
8242 contain antiquotations of thm/prop/term/typ/text to be presented
8243 according to latex print mode; concrete syntax is like this:
8244 @{term[show_types] "f(x) = a + x"};
8246 * isatool mkdir provides easy setup of Isabelle session directories,
8247 including proper document sources;
8249 * generated LaTeX sources are now deleted after successful run
8250 (isatool document -c); may retain a copy somewhere else via -D option
8253 * isatool usedir -D now lets isatool latex -o sty update the Isabelle
8254 style files, achieving self-contained LaTeX sources and simplifying
8257 * old-style theories now produce (crude) LaTeX output as well;
8259 * browser info session directories are now self-contained (may be put
8260 on WWW server seperately); improved graphs of nested sessions; removed
8261 graph for 'all sessions';
8263 * several improvements in isabelle style files; \isabellestyle{it}
8264 produces fake math mode output; \isamarkupheader is now \section by
8265 default; see lib/texinputs/isabelle.sty etc.;
8270 * Isar/Pure: local results and corresponding term bindings are now
8271 subject to Hindley-Milner polymorphism (similar to ML); this
8272 accommodates incremental type-inference very nicely;
8274 * Isar/Pure: new derived language element 'obtain' supports
8275 generalized existence reasoning;
8277 * Isar/Pure: new calculational elements 'moreover' and 'ultimately'
8278 support accumulation of results, without applying any rules yet;
8279 useful to collect intermediate results without explicit name
8280 references, and for use with transitivity rules with more than 2
8283 * Isar/Pure: scalable support for case-analysis type proofs: new
8284 'case' language element refers to local contexts symbolically, as
8285 produced by certain proof methods; internally, case names are attached
8286 to theorems as "tags";
8288 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'hide' removes declarations from
8289 class/type/const name spaces;
8291 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'defs' supports option "(overloaded)" to
8292 indicate potential overloading;
8294 * Isar/Pure: changed syntax of local blocks from {{ }} to { };
8296 * Isar/Pure: syntax of sorts made 'inner', i.e. have to write
8297 "{a,b,c}" instead of {a,b,c};
8299 * Isar/Pure now provides its own version of intro/elim/dest
8300 attributes; useful for building new logics, but beware of confusion
8301 with the version in Provers/classical;
8303 * Isar/Pure: the local context of (non-atomic) goals is provided via
8304 case name 'antecedent';
8306 * Isar/Pure: removed obsolete 'transfer' attribute (transfer of thms
8307 to the current context is now done automatically);
8309 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'method_setup' provides a simple interface
8310 for definining proof methods in ML;
8312 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
8313 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (INCOMPATIBILITY, in
8314 most cases, one should have to change intro!! to intro? only);
8315 replaced "delrule" by "rule del";
8317 * Isar/Provers: new 'hypsubst' method, plain 'subst' method and
8318 'symmetric' attribute (the latter supercedes [RS sym]);
8320 * Isar/Provers: splitter support (via 'split' attribute and 'simp'
8321 method modifier); 'simp' method: 'only:' modifier removes loopers as
8322 well (including splits);
8324 * Isar/Provers: Simplifier and Classical methods now support all kind
8325 of modifiers used in the past, including 'cong', 'iff', etc.
8327 * Isar/Provers: added 'fastsimp' and 'clarsimp' methods (combination
8328 of Simplifier and Classical reasoner);
8330 * Isar/HOL: new proof method 'cases' and improved version of 'induct'
8331 now support named cases; major packages (inductive, datatype, primrec,
8332 recdef) support case names and properly name parameters;
8334 * Isar/HOL: new transitivity rules for substitution in inequalities --
8335 monotonicity conditions are extracted to be proven at end of
8338 * Isar/HOL: removed 'case_split' thm binding, should use 'cases' proof
8341 * Isar/HOL: removed old expand_if = split_if; theorems if_splits =
8342 split_if split_if_asm; datatype package provides theorems foo.splits =
8343 foo.split foo.split_asm for each datatype;
8345 * Isar/HOL: tuned inductive package, rename "intrs" to "intros"
8346 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY), emulation of mk_cases feature for proof
8347 scripts: new 'inductive_cases' command and 'ind_cases' method; (Note:
8348 use "(cases (simplified))" method in proper proof texts);
8350 * Isar/HOL: added global 'arith_split' attribute for 'arith' method;
8352 * Isar: names of theorems etc. may be natural numbers as well;
8354 * Isar: 'pr' command: optional arguments for goals_limit and
8355 ProofContext.prems_limit; no longer prints theory contexts, but only
8358 * Isar: diagnostic commands 'pr', 'thm', 'prop', 'term', 'typ' admit
8359 additional print modes to be specified; e.g. "pr(latex)" will print
8360 proof state according to the Isabelle LaTeX style;
8362 * Isar: improved support for emulating tactic scripts, including proof
8363 methods 'rule_tac' etc., 'cut_tac', 'thin_tac', 'subgoal_tac',
8364 'rename_tac', 'rotate_tac', 'tactic', and 'case_tac' / 'induct_tac'
8365 (for HOL datatypes);
8367 * Isar: simplified (more robust) goal selection of proof methods: 1st
8368 goal, all goals, or explicit goal specifier (tactic emulation); thus
8369 'proof method scripts' have to be in depth-first order;
8371 * Isar: tuned 'let' syntax: replaced 'as' keyword by 'and';
8373 * Isar: removed 'help' command, which hasn't been too helpful anyway;
8374 should instead use individual commands for printing items
8375 (print_commands, print_methods etc.);
8377 * Isar: added 'nothing' --- the empty list of theorems;
8382 * HOL/MicroJava: formalization of a fragment of Java, together with a
8383 corresponding virtual machine and a specification of its bytecode
8384 verifier and a lightweight bytecode verifier, including proofs of
8385 type-safety; by Gerwin Klein, Tobias Nipkow, David von Oheimb, and
8386 Cornelia Pusch (see also the homepage of project Bali at
8387 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Bali/);
8389 * HOL/Algebra: new theory of rings and univariate polynomials, by
8392 * HOL/NumberTheory: fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Chinese
8393 Remainder Theorem, Fermat/Euler Theorem, Wilson's Theorem, by Thomas M
8396 * HOL/Lattice: fundamental concepts of lattice theory and order
8397 structures, including duals, properties of bounds versus algebraic
8398 laws, lattice operations versus set-theoretic ones, the Knaster-Tarski
8399 Theorem for complete lattices etc.; may also serve as a demonstration
8400 for abstract algebraic reasoning using axiomatic type classes, and
8401 mathematics-style proof in Isabelle/Isar; by Markus Wenzel;
8403 * HOL/Prolog: a (bare-bones) implementation of Lambda-Prolog, by David
8406 * HOL/IMPP: extension of IMP with local variables and mutually
8407 recursive procedures, by David von Oheimb;
8409 * HOL/Lambda: converted into new-style theory and document;
8411 * HOL/ex/Multiquote: example of multiple nested quotations and
8412 anti-quotations -- basically a generalized version of de-Bruijn
8413 representation; very useful in avoiding lifting of operations;
8415 * HOL/record: added general record equality rule to simpset; fixed
8416 select-update simplification procedure to handle extended records as
8417 well; admit "r" as field name;
8419 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded over the new sort "zero", allowing its use with
8420 other numeric types and also as the identity of groups, rings, etc.;
8422 * HOL: new axclass plus_ac0 for addition with the AC-laws and 0 as identity.
8423 Types nat and int belong to this axclass;
8425 * HOL: greatly improved simplification involving numerals of type nat, int, real:
8426 (i + #8 + j) = Suc k simplifies to #7 + (i + j) = k
8427 i*j + k + j*#3*i simplifies to #4*(i*j) + k
8428 two terms #m*u and #n*u are replaced by #(m+n)*u
8429 (where #m, #n and u can implicitly be 1; this is simproc combine_numerals)
8430 and the term/formula #m*u+x ~~ #n*u+y simplifies simplifies to #(m-n)+x ~~ y
8431 or x ~~ #(n-m)+y, where ~~ is one of = < <= or - (simproc cancel_numerals);
8433 * HOL: meson_tac is available (previously in ex/meson.ML); it is a
8434 powerful prover for predicate logic but knows nothing of clasets; see
8435 ex/mesontest.ML and ex/mesontest2.ML for example applications;
8437 * HOL: new version of "case_tac" subsumes both boolean case split and
8438 "exhaust_tac" on datatypes; INCOMPATIBILITY: exhaust_tac no longer
8439 exists, may define val exhaust_tac = case_tac for ad-hoc portability;
8441 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions: only the
8442 selector expression is simplified, but not the remaining arms; to
8443 enable full simplification of case-expressions for datatype t, you may
8444 remove t.weak_case_cong from the simpset, either globally (Delcongs
8445 [thm"t.weak_case_cong"];) or locally (delcongs [...]).
8447 * HOL/recdef: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' for
8448 function 'f' are now called f.simps instead of f.rules; if all
8449 termination conditions are proved automatically, these simplification
8450 rules are added to the simpset, as in primrec; rules may be named
8451 individually as well, resulting in a separate list of theorems for
8454 * HOL/While is a new theory that provides a while-combinator. It
8455 permits the definition of tail-recursive functions without the
8456 provision of a termination measure. The latter is necessary once the
8457 invariant proof rule for while is applied.
8459 * HOL: new (overloaded) notation for the set of elements below/above
8460 some element: {..u}, {..u(}, {l..}, {)l..}. See theory SetInterval.
8462 * HOL: theorems impI, allI, ballI bound as "strip";
8464 * HOL: new tactic induct_thm_tac: thm -> string -> int -> tactic
8465 induct_tac th "x1 ... xn" expects th to have a conclusion of the form
8466 P v1 ... vn and abbreviates res_inst_tac [("v1","x1"),...,("vn","xn")] th;
8468 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
8470 * HOL: theory Sexp now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part of
8471 main HOL, but was unused);
8473 * HOL: fewer consts declared as global (e.g. have to refer to
8474 "Lfp.lfp" instead of "lfp" internally; affects ML packages only);
8476 * HOL: tuned AST representation of nested pairs, avoiding bogus output
8477 in case of overlap with user translations (e.g. judgements over
8478 tuples); (note that the underlying logical represenation is still
8484 * ZF: simplification automatically cancels common terms in arithmetic
8485 expressions over nat and int;
8487 * ZF: new treatment of nat to minimize type-checking: all operators
8488 coerce their operands to a natural number using the function natify,
8489 making the algebraic laws unconditional;
8491 * ZF: as above, for int: operators coerce their operands to an integer
8492 using the function intify;
8494 * ZF: the integer library now contains many of the usual laws for the
8495 orderings, including $<=, and monotonicity laws for $+ and $*;
8497 * ZF: new example ZF/ex/NatSum to demonstrate integer arithmetic
8500 * FOL and ZF: AddIffs now available, giving theorems of the form P<->Q
8501 to the simplifier and classical reasoner simultaneously;
8506 * Provers: blast_tac now handles actual object-logic rules as
8507 assumptions; note that auto_tac uses blast_tac internally as well;
8509 * Provers: new functions rulify/rulify_no_asm: thm -> thm for turning
8510 outer -->/All/Ball into ==>/!!; qed_spec_mp now uses rulify_no_asm;
8512 * Provers: delrules now handles destruct rules as well (no longer need
8513 explicit make_elim);
8515 * Provers: Blast_tac now warns of and ignores "weak elimination rules" e.g.
8516 [| inj ?f; ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
8517 use instead the strong form,
8518 [| inj ?f; ~ ?W ==> ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
8519 in HOL, FOL and ZF the function cla_make_elim will create such rules
8520 from destruct-rules;
8522 * Provers: Simplifier.easy_setup provides a fast path to basic
8523 Simplifier setup for new object-logics;
8525 * Pure: AST translation rules no longer require constant head on LHS;
8527 * Pure: improved name spaces: ambiguous output is qualified; support
8528 for hiding of names;
8530 * system: smart setup of canonical ML_HOME, ISABELLE_INTERFACE, and
8531 XSYMBOL_HOME; no longer need to do manual configuration in most
8534 * system: compression of ML heaps images may now be controlled via -c
8535 option of isabelle and isatool usedir (currently only observed by
8538 * system: isatool installfonts may handle X-Symbol fonts as well (very
8539 useful for remote X11);
8541 * system: provide TAGS file for Isabelle sources;
8543 * ML: infix 'OF' is a version of 'MRS' with more appropriate argument
8546 * ML: renamed flags Syntax.trace_norm_ast to Syntax.trace_ast; global
8547 timing flag supersedes proof_timing and Toplevel.trace;
8549 * ML: new combinators |>> and |>>> for incremental transformations
8550 with secondary results (e.g. certain theory extensions):
8552 * ML: PureThy.add_defs gets additional argument to indicate potential
8553 overloading (usually false);
8555 * ML: PureThy.add_thms/add_axioms/add_defs now return theorems as
8560 New in Isabelle99 (October 1999)
8561 --------------------------------
8563 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
8565 * HOL: The THEN and ELSE parts of conditional expressions (if P then x else y)
8566 are no longer simplified. (This allows the simplifier to unfold recursive
8567 functional programs.) To restore the old behaviour, declare
8569 Delcongs [if_weak_cong];
8571 * HOL: Removed the obsolete syntax "Compl A"; use -A for set
8574 * HOL: the predicate "inj" is now defined by translation to "inj_on";
8576 * HOL/datatype: mutual_induct_tac no longer exists --
8577 use induct_tac "x_1 ... x_n" instead of mutual_induct_tac ["x_1", ..., "x_n"]
8579 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
8580 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
8582 * ZF: The con_defs part of an inductive definition may no longer refer
8583 to constants declared in the same theory;
8585 * HOL, ZF: the function mk_cases, generated by the inductive
8586 definition package, has lost an argument. To simplify its result, it
8587 uses the default simpset instead of a supplied list of theorems.
8589 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
8591 * Simplifier: the type of the infix ML functions
8592 setSSolver addSSolver setSolver addSolver
8593 is now simpset * solver -> simpset where `solver' is a new abstract type
8594 for packaging solvers. A solver is created via
8595 mk_solver: string -> (thm list -> int -> tactic) -> solver
8596 where the string argument is only a comment.
8601 * Provers/Arith/fast_lin_arith.ML contains a functor for creating a
8602 decision procedure for linear arithmetic. Currently it is used for
8603 types `nat', `int', and `real' in HOL (see below); it can, should and
8604 will be instantiated for other types and logics as well.
8606 * The simplifier now accepts rewrite rules with flexible heads, eg
8607 hom ?f ==> ?f(?x+?y) = ?f ?x + ?f ?y
8608 They are applied like any rule with a non-pattern lhs, i.e. by first-order
8614 * New Isabelle/Isar subsystem provides an alternative to traditional
8615 tactical theorem proving; together with the ProofGeneral/isar user
8616 interface it offers an interactive environment for developing human
8617 readable proof documents (Isar == Intelligible semi-automated
8618 reasoning); for further information see isatool doc isar-ref,
8619 src/HOL/Isar_examples and http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Isar/
8621 * improved and simplified presentation of theories: better HTML markup
8622 (including colors), graph views in several sizes; isatool usedir now
8623 provides a proper interface for user theories (via -P option); actual
8624 document preparation based on (PDF)LaTeX is available as well (for
8625 new-style theories only); see isatool doc system for more information;
8627 * native support for Proof General, both for classic Isabelle and
8630 * ML function thm_deps visualizes dependencies of theorems and lemmas,
8631 using the graph browser tool;
8633 * Isabelle manuals now also available as PDF;
8635 * theory loader rewritten from scratch (may not be fully
8636 bug-compatible); old loadpath variable has been replaced by show_path,
8637 add_path, del_path, reset_path functions; new operations such as
8638 update_thy, touch_thy, remove_thy, use/update_thy_only (see also
8641 * improved isatool install: option -k creates KDE application icon,
8642 option -p DIR installs standalone binaries;
8644 * added ML_PLATFORM setting (useful for cross-platform installations);
8645 more robust handling of platform specific ML images for SML/NJ;
8647 * the settings environment is now statically scoped, i.e. it is never
8648 created again in sub-processes invoked from isabelle, isatool, or
8651 * path element specification '~~' refers to '$ISABELLE_HOME';
8653 * in locales, the "assumes" and "defines" parts may be omitted if
8656 * new print_mode "xsymbols" for extended symbol support (e.g. genuine
8659 * new print_mode "HTML";
8661 * new flag show_tags controls display of tags of theorems (which are
8662 basically just comments that may be attached by some tools);
8664 * Isamode 2.6 requires patch to accomodate change of Isabelle font
8665 mode and goal output format:
8667 diff -r Isamode-2.6/elisp/isa-load.el Isamode/elisp/isa-load.el
8669 < (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-msymbols" logic-name)
8671 > (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-misabelle_font" "-msymbols" logic-name)
8672 diff -r Isabelle-2.6/elisp/isa-proofstate.el Isamode/elisp/isa-proofstate.el
8674 < (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+$"
8676 > (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+"
8678 * function bind_thms stores lists of theorems (cf. bind_thm);
8680 * new shorthand tactics ftac, eatac, datac, fatac;
8682 * qed (and friends) now accept "" as result name; in that case the
8683 theorem is not stored, but proper checks and presentation of the
8686 * theorem database now also indexes constants "Trueprop", "all",
8687 "==>", "=="; thus thms_containing, findI etc. may retrieve more rules;
8692 ** HOL arithmetic **
8694 * There are now decision procedures for linear arithmetic over nat and
8697 1. arith_tac copes with arbitrary formulae involving `=', `<', `<=',
8698 `+', `-', `Suc', `min', `max' and numerical constants; other subterms
8699 are treated as atomic; subformulae not involving type `nat' or `int'
8700 are ignored; quantified subformulae are ignored unless they are
8701 positive universal or negative existential. The tactic has to be
8702 invoked by hand and can be a little bit slow. In particular, the
8703 running time is exponential in the number of occurrences of `min' and
8704 `max', and `-' on `nat'.
8706 2. fast_arith_tac is a cut-down version of arith_tac: it only takes
8707 (negated) (in)equalities among the premises and the conclusion into
8708 account (i.e. no compound formulae) and does not know about `min' and
8709 `max', and `-' on `nat'. It is fast and is used automatically by the
8712 NB: At the moment, these decision procedures do not cope with mixed
8713 nat/int formulae where the two parts interact, such as `m < n ==>
8716 * HOL/Numeral provides a generic theory of numerals (encoded
8717 efficiently as bit strings); setup for types nat/int/real is in place;
8718 INCOMPATIBILITY: since numeral syntax is now polymorphic, rather than
8719 int, existing theories and proof scripts may require a few additional
8722 * integer division and remainder can now be performed on constant
8725 * many properties of integer multiplication, division and remainder
8728 * An interface to the Stanford Validity Checker (SVC) is available through the
8729 tactic svc_tac. Propositional tautologies and theorems of linear arithmetic
8730 are proved automatically. SVC must be installed separately, and its results
8731 must be TAKEN ON TRUST (Isabelle does not check the proofs, but tags any
8732 invocation of the underlying oracle). For SVC see
8733 http://verify.stanford.edu/SVC
8735 * IsaMakefile: the HOL-Real target now builds an actual image;
8740 * HOL/Real/HahnBanach: the Hahn-Banach theorem for real vector spaces
8741 (in Isabelle/Isar) -- by Gertrud Bauer;
8743 * HOL/BCV: generic model of bytecode verification, i.e. data-flow
8744 analysis for assembly languages with subtypes;
8746 * HOL/TLA (Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions): major reorganization
8747 -- avoids syntactic ambiguities and treats state, transition, and
8748 temporal levels more uniformly; introduces INCOMPATIBILITIES due to
8749 changed syntax and (many) tactics;
8751 * HOL/inductive: Now also handles more general introduction rules such
8752 as "ALL y. (y, x) : r --> y : acc r ==> x : acc r"; monotonicity
8753 theorems are now maintained within the theory (maintained via the
8756 * HOL/datatype: Now also handles arbitrarily branching datatypes
8757 (using function types) such as
8759 datatype 'a tree = Atom 'a | Branch "nat => 'a tree"
8761 * HOL/record: record_simproc (part of the default simpset) takes care
8762 of selectors applied to updated records; record_split_tac is no longer
8763 part of the default claset; update_defs may now be removed from the
8764 simpset in many cases; COMPATIBILITY: old behavior achieved by
8766 claset_ref () := claset() addSWrapper record_split_wrapper;
8767 Delsimprocs [record_simproc]
8769 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
8770 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
8772 * HOL/recdef (TFL): 'congs' syntax now expects comma separated list of theorem
8773 names rather than an ML expression;
8775 * HOL/defer_recdef (TFL): like recdef but the well-founded relation can be
8776 supplied later. Program schemes can be defined, such as
8777 "While B C s = (if B s then While B C (C s) else s)"
8778 where the well-founded relation can be chosen after B and C have been given.
8780 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
8781 INCOMPATIBILITY: while [] and infix # syntax is still there, of
8782 course, ML tools referring to List.list.op # etc. have to be adapted;
8784 * HOL_quantifiers flag superseded by "HOL" print mode, which is
8785 disabled by default; run isabelle with option -m HOL to get back to
8786 the original Gordon/HOL-style output;
8788 * HOL/Ord.thy: new bounded quantifier syntax (input only): ALL x<y. P,
8789 ALL x<=y. P, EX x<y. P, EX x<=y. P;
8791 * HOL basic syntax simplified (more orthogonal): all variants of
8792 All/Ex now support plain / symbolic / HOL notation; plain syntax for
8793 Eps operator is provided as well: "SOME x. P[x]";
8795 * HOL/Sum.thy: sum_case has been moved to HOL/Datatype;
8797 * HOL/Univ.thy: infix syntax <*>, <+>, <**>, <+> eliminated and made
8798 thus available for user theories;
8800 * HOLCF/IOA/Sequents: renamed 'Cons' to 'Consq' to avoid clash with
8801 HOL/List; hardly an INCOMPATIBILITY since '>>' syntax is used all the
8804 * HOL: new tactic smp_tac: int -> int -> tactic, which applies spec
8805 several times and then mp;
8810 * the notation <<...>> is now available as a notation for sequences of
8813 * the simplifier is now installed
8815 * the axiom system has been generalized (thanks to Soren Heilmann)
8817 * the classical reasoner now has a default rule database
8822 * new primrec section allows primitive recursive functions to be given
8823 directly (as in HOL) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
8825 * new tactics induct_tac and exhaust_tac for induction (or case
8826 analysis) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
8828 * the datatype declaration of type T now defines the recursor T_rec;
8830 * simplification automatically does freeness reasoning for datatype
8833 * automatic type-inference, with AddTCs command to insert new
8834 type-checking rules;
8836 * datatype introduction rules are now added as Safe Introduction rules
8839 * the syntax "if P then x else y" is now available in addition to
8843 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
8845 * tuned simplifier trace output; new flag debug_simp;
8847 * structures Vartab / Termtab (instances of TableFun) offer efficient
8848 tables indexed by indexname_ord / term_ord (compatible with aconv);
8850 * AxClass.axclass_tac lost the theory argument;
8852 * tuned current_goals_markers semantics: begin / end goal avoids
8853 printing empty lines;
8855 * removed prs and prs_fn hook, which was broken because it did not
8856 include \n in its semantics, forcing writeln to add one
8857 uncoditionally; replaced prs_fn by writeln_fn; consider std_output:
8858 string -> unit if you really want to output text without newline;
8860 * Symbol.output subject to print mode; INCOMPATIBILITY: defaults to
8861 plain output, interface builders may have to enable 'isabelle_font'
8862 mode to get Isabelle font glyphs as before;
8864 * refined token_translation interface; INCOMPATIBILITY: output length
8865 now of type real instead of int;
8867 * theory loader actions may be traced via new ThyInfo.add_hook
8868 interface (see src/Pure/Thy/thy_info.ML); example application: keep
8869 your own database of information attached to *whole* theories -- as
8870 opposed to intra-theory data slots offered via TheoryDataFun;
8872 * proper handling of dangling sort hypotheses (at last!);
8873 Thm.strip_shyps and Drule.strip_shyps_warning take care of removing
8874 extra sort hypotheses that can be witnessed from the type signature;
8875 the force_strip_shyps flag is gone, any remaining shyps are simply
8876 left in the theorem (with a warning issued by strip_shyps_warning);
8880 New in Isabelle98-1 (October 1998)
8881 ----------------------------------
8883 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
8885 * several changes of automated proof tools;
8887 * HOL: major changes to the inductive and datatype packages, including
8888 some minor incompatibilities of theory syntax;
8890 * HOL: renamed r^-1 to 'converse' from 'inverse'; 'inj_onto' is now
8893 * HOL: removed duplicate thms in Arith:
8894 less_imp_add_less should be replaced by trans_less_add1
8895 le_imp_add_le should be replaced by trans_le_add1
8897 * HOL: unary minus is now overloaded (new type constraints may be
8900 * HOL and ZF: unary minus for integers is now #- instead of #~. In
8901 ZF, expressions such as n#-1 must be changed to n#- 1, since #-1 is
8902 now taken as an integer constant.
8904 * Pure: ML function 'theory_of' renamed to 'theory';
8910 1. Asm_full_simp_tac is now more aggressive.
8911 1. It will sometimes reorient premises if that increases their power to
8913 2. It does no longer proceed strictly from left to right but may also
8914 rotate premises to achieve further simplification.
8915 For compatibility reasons there is now Asm_lr_simp_tac which is like the
8916 old Asm_full_simp_tac in that it does not rotate premises.
8917 2. The simplifier now knows a little bit about nat-arithmetic.
8919 * Classical reasoner: wrapper mechanism for the classical reasoner now
8920 allows for selected deletion of wrappers, by introduction of names for
8921 wrapper functionals. This implies that addbefore, addSbefore,
8922 addaltern, and addSaltern now take a pair (name, tactic) as argument,
8923 and that adding two tactics with the same name overwrites the first
8924 one (emitting a warning).
8925 type wrapper = (int -> tactic) -> (int -> tactic)
8926 setWrapper, setSWrapper, compWrapper and compSWrapper are replaced by
8927 addWrapper, addSWrapper: claset * (string * wrapper) -> claset
8928 delWrapper, delSWrapper: claset * string -> claset
8929 getWrapper is renamed to appWrappers, getSWrapper to appSWrappers;
8931 * Classical reasoner: addbefore/addSbefore now have APPEND/ORELSE
8932 semantics; addbefore now affects only the unsafe part of step_tac
8933 etc.; this affects addss/auto_tac/force_tac, so EXISTING PROOFS MAY
8934 FAIL, but proofs should be fixable easily, e.g. by replacing Auto_tac
8937 * Classical reasoner: setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to
8938 compWrapper; added safe wrapper (and access functions for it);
8940 * HOL/split_all_tac is now much faster and fails if there is nothing
8941 to split. Some EXISTING PROOFS MAY REQUIRE ADAPTION because the order
8942 and the names of the automatically generated variables have changed.
8943 split_all_tac has moved within claset() from unsafe wrappers to safe
8944 wrappers, which means that !!-bound variables are split much more
8945 aggressively, and safe_tac and clarify_tac now split such variables.
8946 If this splitting is not appropriate, use delSWrapper "split_all_tac".
8947 Note: the same holds for record_split_tac, which does the job of
8948 split_all_tac for record fields.
8950 * HOL/Simplifier: Rewrite rules for case distinctions can now be added
8951 permanently to the default simpset using Addsplits just like
8952 Addsimps. They can be removed via Delsplits just like
8953 Delsimps. Lower-case versions are also available.
8955 * HOL/Simplifier: The rule split_if is now part of the default
8956 simpset. This means that the simplifier will eliminate all occurrences
8957 of if-then-else in the conclusion of a goal. To prevent this, you can
8958 either remove split_if completely from the default simpset by
8959 `Delsplits [split_if]' or remove it in a specific call of the
8960 simplifier using `... delsplits [split_if]'. You can also add/delete
8961 other case splitting rules to/from the default simpset: every datatype
8962 generates suitable rules `split_t_case' and `split_t_case_asm' (where
8963 t is the name of the datatype).
8965 * Classical reasoner / Simplifier combination: new force_tac (and
8966 derivatives Force_tac, force) combines rewriting and classical
8967 reasoning (and whatever other tools) similarly to auto_tac, but is
8968 aimed to solve the given subgoal completely.
8973 * new top-level commands `Goal' and `Goalw' that improve upon `goal'
8974 and `goalw': the theory is no longer needed as an explicit argument -
8975 the current theory context is used; assumptions are no longer returned
8976 at the ML-level unless one of them starts with ==> or !!; it is
8977 recommended to convert to these new commands using isatool fixgoal
8978 (backup your sources first!);
8980 * new top-level commands 'thm' and 'thms' for retrieving theorems from
8981 the current theory context, and 'theory' to lookup stored theories;
8983 * new theory section 'locale' for declaring constants, assumptions and
8984 definitions that have local scope;
8986 * new theory section 'nonterminals' for purely syntactic types;
8988 * new theory section 'setup' for generic ML setup functions
8989 (e.g. package initialization);
8991 * the distribution now includes Isabelle icons: see
8992 lib/logo/isabelle-{small,tiny}.xpm;
8994 * isatool install - install binaries with absolute references to
8997 * isatool logo -- create instances of the Isabelle logo (as EPS);
8999 * print mode 'emacs' reserved for Isamode;
9001 * support multiple print (ast) translations per constant name;
9003 * theorems involving oracles are now printed with a suffixed [!];
9008 * there is now a tutorial on Isabelle/HOL (do 'isatool doc tutorial');
9010 * HOL/inductive package reorganized and improved: now supports mutual
9016 oddI "n : EVEN ==> Suc n : ODD"
9017 evenI "n : ODD ==> Suc n : EVEN"
9019 new theorem list "elims" contains an elimination rule for each of the
9020 recursive sets; inductive definitions now handle disjunctive premises
9021 correctly (also ZF);
9023 INCOMPATIBILITIES: requires Inductive as an ancestor; component
9024 "mutual_induct" no longer exists - the induction rule is always
9025 contained in "induct";
9028 * HOL/datatype package re-implemented and greatly improved: now
9029 supports mutually recursive datatypes such as
9032 'a aexp = IF_THEN_ELSE ('a bexp) ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
9033 | SUM ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
9034 | DIFF ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
9037 'a bexp = LESS ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
9038 | AND ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
9039 | OR ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
9041 as well as indirectly recursive datatypes such as
9044 ('a, 'b) term = Var 'a
9045 | App 'b ((('a, 'b) term) list)
9047 The new tactic mutual_induct_tac [<var_1>, ..., <var_n>] i performs
9048 induction on mutually / indirectly recursive datatypes.
9050 Primrec equations are now stored in theory and can be accessed via
9051 <function_name>.simps.
9055 - Theories using datatypes must now have theory Datatype as an
9057 - The specific <typename>.induct_tac no longer exists - use the
9058 generic induct_tac instead.
9059 - natE has been renamed to nat.exhaust - use exhaust_tac
9060 instead of res_inst_tac ... natE. Note that the variable
9061 names in nat.exhaust differ from the names in natE, this
9062 may cause some "fragile" proofs to fail.
9063 - The theorems split_<typename>_case and split_<typename>_case_asm
9064 have been renamed to <typename>.split and <typename>.split_asm.
9065 - Since default sorts of type variables are now handled correctly,
9066 some datatype definitions may have to be annotated with explicit
9068 - Primrec definitions no longer require function name and type
9069 of recursive argument.
9071 Consider using isatool fixdatatype to adapt your theories and proof
9072 scripts to the new package (backup your sources first!).
9075 * HOL/record package: considerably improved implementation; now
9076 includes concrete syntax for record types, terms, updates; theorems
9077 for surjective pairing and splitting !!-bound record variables; proof
9078 support is as follows:
9080 1) standard conversions (selectors or updates applied to record
9081 constructor terms) are part of the standard simpset;
9083 2) inject equations of the form ((x, y) = (x', y')) == x=x' & y=y' are
9084 made part of standard simpset and claset via addIffs;
9086 3) a tactic for record field splitting (record_split_tac) is part of
9087 the standard claset (addSWrapper);
9089 To get a better idea about these rules you may retrieve them via
9090 something like 'thms "foo.simps"' or 'thms "foo.iffs"', where "foo" is
9091 the name of your record type.
9093 The split tactic 3) conceptually simplifies by the following rule:
9095 "(!!x. PROP ?P x) == (!!a b. PROP ?P (a, b))"
9097 Thus any record variable that is bound by meta-all will automatically
9098 blow up into some record constructor term, consequently the
9099 simplifications of 1), 2) apply. Thus force_tac, auto_tac etc. shall
9100 solve record problems automatically.
9103 * reorganized the main HOL image: HOL/Integ and String loaded by
9104 default; theory Main includes everything;
9106 * automatic simplification of integer sums and comparisons, using cancellation;
9108 * added option_map_eq_Some and not_Some_eq to the default simpset and claset;
9110 * added disj_not1 = "(~P | Q) = (P --> Q)" to the default simpset;
9112 * many new identities for unions, intersections, set difference, etc.;
9114 * expand_if, expand_split, expand_sum_case and expand_nat_case are now
9115 called split_if, split_split, split_sum_case and split_nat_case (to go
9116 with add/delsplits);
9118 * HOL/Prod introduces simplification procedure unit_eq_proc rewriting
9119 (?x::unit) = (); this is made part of the default simpset, which COULD
9120 MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL under rare circumstances (consider
9121 'Delsimprocs [unit_eq_proc];' as last resort); also note that
9122 unit_abs_eta_conv is added in order to counter the effect of
9123 unit_eq_proc on (%u::unit. f u), replacing it by f rather than by
9126 * HOL/Fun INCOMPATIBILITY: `inj_onto' is now called `inj_on' (which
9129 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
9130 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
9131 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
9133 * HOL/Relation INCOMPATIBILITY: renamed the relational operator r^-1
9134 to 'converse' from 'inverse' (for compatibility with ZF and some
9137 * HOL/recdef can now declare non-recursive functions, with {} supplied as
9138 the well-founded relation;
9140 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: the complement of set A is now written -A instead of
9141 Compl A. The "Compl" syntax remains available as input syntax for this
9144 * HOL/Update: new theory of function updates:
9145 f(a:=b) == %x. if x=a then b else f x
9146 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
9148 * HOL/Vimage: new theory for inverse image of a function, syntax f-``B;
9151 - new function list_update written xs[i:=v] that updates the i-th
9152 list position. May also be iterated as in xs[i:=a,j:=b,...].
9153 - new function `upt' written [i..j(] which generates the list
9154 [i,i+1,...,j-1], i.e. the upper bound is excluded. To include the upper
9155 bound write [i..j], which is a shorthand for [i..j+1(].
9156 - new lexicographic orderings and corresponding wellfoundedness theorems.
9159 - removed 'pred' (predecessor) function;
9160 - generalized some theorems about n-1;
9161 - many new laws about "div" and "mod";
9162 - new laws about greatest common divisors (see theory ex/Primes);
9164 * HOL/Relation: renamed the relational operator r^-1 "converse"
9165 instead of "inverse";
9167 * HOL/Induct/Multiset: a theory of multisets, including the wellfoundedness
9168 of the multiset ordering;
9170 * directory HOL/Real: a construction of the reals using Dedekind cuts
9171 (not included by default);
9173 * directory HOL/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY formalism;
9175 * directory HOL/Hoare: a new version of Hoare logic which permits many-sorted
9176 programs, i.e. different program variables may have different types.
9178 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
9179 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
9180 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
9185 * theory Main includes everything; INCOMPATIBILITY: theory ZF.thy contains
9186 only the theorems proved on ZF.ML;
9188 * ZF INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
9189 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
9190 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
9192 * ZF/Update: new theory of function updates
9193 with default rewrite rule f(x:=y) ` z = if(z=x, y, f`z)
9194 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
9196 * in let x=t in u(x), neither t nor u(x) has to be an FOL term.
9198 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
9199 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
9200 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
9202 * case_tac provided for compatibility with HOL
9203 (like the old excluded_middle_tac, but with subgoals swapped)
9206 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
9208 * Pure: several new basic modules made available for general use, see
9209 also src/Pure/README;
9211 * improved the theory data mechanism to support encapsulation (data
9212 kind name replaced by private Object.kind, acting as authorization
9213 key); new type-safe user interface via functor TheoryDataFun; generic
9214 print_data function becomes basically useless;
9216 * removed global_names compatibility flag -- all theory declarations
9217 are qualified by default;
9219 * module Pure/Syntax now offers quote / antiquote translation
9220 functions (useful for Hoare logic etc. with implicit dependencies);
9221 see HOL/ex/Antiquote for an example use;
9223 * Simplifier now offers conversions (asm_)(full_)rewrite: simpset ->
9226 * new tactical CHANGED_GOAL for checking that a tactic modifies a
9229 * Display.print_goals function moved to Locale.print_goals;
9231 * standard print function for goals supports current_goals_markers
9232 variable for marking begin of proof, end of proof, start of goal; the
9233 default is ("", "", ""); setting current_goals_markers := ("<proof>",
9234 "</proof>", "<goal>") causes SGML like tagged proof state printing,
9239 New in Isabelle98 (January 1998)
9240 --------------------------------
9242 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
9244 * changed lexical syntax of terms / types: dots made part of long
9245 identifiers, e.g. "%x.x" no longer possible, should be "%x. x";
9247 * simpset (and claset) reference variable replaced by functions
9248 simpset / simpset_ref;
9250 * no longer supports theory aliases (via merge) and non-trivial
9251 implicit merge of thms' signatures;
9253 * most internal names of constants changed due to qualified names;
9255 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML);
9258 *** General Changes ***
9260 * hierachically structured name spaces (for consts, types, axms, thms
9261 etc.); new lexical class 'longid' (e.g. Foo.bar.x) may render much of
9262 old input syntactically incorrect (e.g. "%x.x"); COMPATIBILITY:
9263 isatool fixdots ensures space after dots (e.g. "%x. x"); set
9264 long_names for fully qualified output names; NOTE: ML programs
9265 (special tactics, packages etc.) referring to internal names may have
9266 to be adapted to cope with fully qualified names; in case of severe
9267 backward campatibility problems try setting 'global_names' at compile
9268 time to have enrything declared within a flat name space; one may also
9269 fine tune name declarations in theories via the 'global' and 'local'
9272 * reimplemented the implicit simpset and claset using the new anytype
9273 data filed in signatures; references simpset:simpset ref etc. are
9274 replaced by functions simpset:unit->simpset and
9275 simpset_ref:unit->simpset ref; COMPATIBILITY: use isatool fixclasimp
9276 to patch your ML files accordingly;
9278 * HTML output now includes theory graph data for display with Java
9279 applet or isatool browser; data generated automatically via isatool
9280 usedir (see -i option, ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS);
9282 * defs may now be conditional; improved rewrite_goals_tac to handle
9283 conditional equations;
9285 * defs now admits additional type arguments, using TYPE('a) syntax;
9287 * theory aliases via merge (e.g. M=A+B+C) no longer supported, always
9288 creates a new theory node; implicit merge of thms' signatures is
9289 restricted to 'trivial' ones; COMPATIBILITY: one may have to use
9290 transfer:theory->thm->thm in (rare) cases;
9292 * improved handling of draft signatures / theories; draft thms (and
9293 ctyps, cterms) are automatically promoted to real ones;
9295 * slightly changed interfaces for oracles: admit many per theory, named
9296 (e.g. oracle foo = mlfun), additional name argument for invoke_oracle;
9298 * print_goals: optional output of const types (set show_consts and
9301 * improved output of warnings (###) and errors (***);
9303 * subgoal_tac displays a warning if the new subgoal has type variables;
9305 * removed old README and Makefiles;
9307 * replaced print_goals_ref hook by print_current_goals_fn and result_error_fn;
9309 * removed obsolete init_pps and init_database;
9311 * deleted the obsolete tactical STATE, which was declared by
9312 fun STATE tacfun st = tacfun st st;
9314 * cd and use now support path variables, e.g. $ISABELLE_HOME, or ~
9315 (which abbreviates $HOME);
9317 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML); COMPATIBILITY:
9318 use isatool fixseq to adapt your ML programs (this works for fully
9319 qualified references to the Sequence structure only!);
9321 * use_thy no longer requires writable current directory; it always
9322 reloads .ML *and* .thy file, if either one is out of date;
9325 *** Classical Reasoner ***
9327 * Clarify_tac, clarify_tac, clarify_step_tac, Clarify_step_tac: new
9328 tactics that use classical reasoning to simplify a subgoal without
9329 splitting it into several subgoals;
9331 * Safe_tac: like safe_tac but uses the default claset;
9336 * added simplification meta rules:
9337 (asm_)(full_)simplify: simpset -> thm -> thm;
9339 * simplifier.ML no longer part of Pure -- has to be loaded by object
9342 * added prems argument to simplification procedures;
9344 * HOL, FOL, ZF: added infix function `addsplits':
9345 instead of `<simpset> setloop (split_tac <thms>)'
9346 you can simply write `<simpset> addsplits <thms>'
9351 * TYPE('a) syntax for type reflection terms;
9353 * no longer handles consts with name "" -- declare as 'syntax' instead;
9355 * pretty printer: changed order of mixfix annotation preference (again!);
9357 * Pure: fixed idt/idts vs. pttrn/pttrns syntactic categories;
9362 * HOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
9363 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
9365 * HOL/TLA: Stephan Merz's formalization of Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions;
9367 * HOL/Auth: new protocol proofs including some for the Internet
9370 * HOL/Map: new theory of `maps' a la VDM;
9372 * HOL/simplifier: simplification procedures nat_cancel_sums for
9373 cancelling out common nat summands from =, <, <= (in)equalities, or
9374 differences; simplification procedures nat_cancel_factor for
9375 cancelling common factor from =, <, <= (in)equalities over natural
9376 sums; nat_cancel contains both kinds of procedures, it is installed by
9377 default in Arith.thy -- this COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL;
9379 * HOL/simplifier: terms of the form
9380 `? x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x)' (or t=x)
9382 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t)',
9383 and those of the form
9384 `! x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x) --> R(x)' (or t=x)
9386 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t) --> R(t)',
9389 Each datatype `t' now comes with a theorem `split_t_case' of the form
9391 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
9392 ( (!y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 --> P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) &
9394 (!y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn --> P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
9397 and a theorem `split_t_case_asm' of the form
9399 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
9400 ~( (? y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 & ~P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) |
9402 (? y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn & ~P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
9404 which can be added to a simpset via `addsplits'. The existing theorems
9405 expand_list_case and expand_option_case have been renamed to
9406 split_list_case and split_option_case.
9409 - `pred n' is automatically converted to `n-1'.
9410 Users are strongly encouraged not to use `pred' any longer,
9411 because it will disappear altogether at some point.
9412 - Users are strongly encouraged to write "0 < n" rather than
9413 "n ~= 0". Theorems and proof tools have been modified towards this
9417 the function "set_of_list" has been renamed "set" (and its theorems too);
9418 the function "nth" now takes its arguments in the reverse order and
9419 has acquired the infix notation "!" as in "xs!n".
9421 * HOL/Set: UNIV is now a constant and is no longer translated to Compl{};
9423 * HOL/Set: The operator (UN x.B x) now abbreviates (UN x:UNIV. B x) and its
9424 specialist theorems (like UN1_I) are gone. Similarly for (INT x.B x);
9426 * HOL/record: extensible records with schematic structural subtyping
9427 (single inheritance); EXPERIMENTAL version demonstrating the encoding,
9428 still lacks various theorems and concrete record syntax;
9433 * removed "axioms" and "generated by" sections;
9435 * replaced "ops" section by extended "consts" section, which is capable of
9436 handling the continuous function space "->" directly;
9439 . proves theorems immediately and stores them in the theory,
9440 . creates hierachical name space,
9441 . now uses normal mixfix annotations (instead of cinfix...),
9442 . minor changes to some names and values (for consistency),
9443 . e.g. cases -> casedist, dists_eq -> dist_eqs, [take_lemma] -> take_lemmas,
9444 . separator between mutual domain defs: changed "," to "and",
9445 . improved handling of sort constraints; now they have to
9446 appear on the left-hand side of the equations only;
9448 * fixed LAM <x,y,zs>.b syntax;
9450 * added extended adm_tac to simplifier in HOLCF -- can now discharge
9451 adm (%x. P (t x)), where P is chainfinite and t continuous;
9456 * FOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
9457 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
9459 * qed_spec_mp, qed_goal_spec_mp, qed_goalw_spec_mp are available, as
9460 in HOL, they strip ALL and --> from proved theorems;
9464 New in Isabelle94-8 (May 1997)
9465 ------------------------------
9467 *** General Changes ***
9469 * new utilities to build / run / maintain Isabelle etc. (in parts
9470 still somewhat experimental); old Makefiles etc. still functional;
9472 * new 'Isabelle System Manual';
9474 * INSTALL text, together with ./configure and ./build scripts;
9476 * reimplemented type inference for greater efficiency, better error
9477 messages and clean internal interface;
9479 * prlim command for dealing with lots of subgoals (an easier way of
9480 setting goals_limit);
9485 * supports alternative (named) syntax tables (parser and pretty
9486 printer); internal interface is provided by add_modesyntax(_i);
9488 * Pure, FOL, ZF, HOL, HOLCF now support symbolic input and output; to
9489 be used in conjunction with the Isabelle symbol font; uses the
9490 "symbols" syntax table;
9492 * added token_translation interface (may translate name tokens in
9493 arbitrary ways, dependent on their type (free, bound, tfree, ...) and
9494 the current print_mode); IMPORTANT: user print translation functions
9495 are responsible for marking newly introduced bounds
9496 (Syntax.mark_boundT);
9498 * token translations for modes "xterm" and "xterm_color" that display
9499 names in bold, underline etc. or colors (which requires a color
9502 * infixes may now be declared with names independent of their syntax;
9504 * added typed_print_translation (like print_translation, but may
9505 access type of constant);
9508 *** Classical Reasoner ***
9510 Blast_tac: a new tactic! It is often more powerful than fast_tac, but has
9511 some limitations. Blast_tac...
9512 + ignores addss, addbefore, addafter; this restriction is intrinsic
9513 + ignores elimination rules that don't have the correct format
9514 (the conclusion MUST be a formula variable)
9515 + ignores types, which can make HOL proofs fail
9516 + rules must not require higher-order unification, e.g. apply_type in ZF
9517 [message "Function Var's argument not a bound variable" relates to this]
9518 + its proof strategy is more general but can actually be slower
9520 * substitution with equality assumptions no longer permutes other
9523 * minor changes in semantics of addafter (now called addaltern); renamed
9524 setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to compWrapper; added safe wrapper
9525 (and access functions for it);
9527 * improved combination of classical reasoner and simplifier:
9528 + functions for handling clasimpsets
9529 + improvement of addss: now the simplifier is called _after_ the
9531 + safe variant of addss called addSss: uses safe simplifications
9532 _during_ the safe steps. It is more complete as it allows multiple
9533 instantiations of unknowns (e.g. with slow_tac).
9537 * added interface for simplification procedures (functions that
9538 produce *proven* rewrite rules on the fly, depending on current
9541 * ordering on terms as parameter (used for ordered rewriting);
9543 * new functions delcongs, deleqcongs, and Delcongs. richer rep_ss;
9545 * the solver is now split into a safe and an unsafe part.
9546 This should be invisible for the normal user, except that the
9547 functions setsolver and addsolver have been renamed to setSolver and
9548 addSolver; added safe_asm_full_simp_tac;
9553 * a generic induction tactic `induct_tac' which works for all datatypes and
9554 also for type `nat';
9556 * a generic case distinction tactic `exhaust_tac' which works for all
9557 datatypes and also for type `nat';
9559 * each datatype comes with a function `size';
9561 * patterns in case expressions allow tuple patterns as arguments to
9562 constructors, for example `case x of [] => ... | (x,y,z)#ps => ...';
9564 * primrec now also works with type nat;
9566 * recdef: a new declaration form, allows general recursive functions to be
9567 defined in theory files. See HOL/ex/Fib, HOL/ex/Primes, HOL/Subst/Unify.
9569 * the constant for negation has been renamed from "not" to "Not" to
9570 harmonize with FOL, ZF, LK, etc.;
9572 * HOL/ex/LFilter theory of a corecursive "filter" functional for
9575 * HOL/Modelcheck demonstrates invocation of model checker oracle;
9577 * HOL/ex/Ring.thy declares cring_simp, which solves equational
9578 problems in commutative rings, using axiomatic type classes for + and *;
9580 * more examples in HOL/MiniML and HOL/Auth;
9582 * more default rewrite rules for quantifiers, union/intersection;
9584 * a new constant `arbitrary == @x.False';
9586 * HOLCF/IOA replaces old HOL/IOA;
9588 * HOLCF changes: derived all rules and arities
9589 + axiomatic type classes instead of classes
9590 + typedef instead of faking type definitions
9591 + eliminated the internal constants less_fun, less_cfun, UU_fun, UU_cfun etc.
9592 + new axclasses cpo, chfin, flat with flat < chfin < pcpo < cpo < po
9593 + eliminated the types void, one, tr
9594 + use unit lift and bool lift (with translations) instead of one and tr
9595 + eliminated blift from Lift3.thy (use Def instead of blift)
9596 all eliminated rules are derived as theorems --> no visible changes ;
9601 * ZF now has Fast_tac, Simp_tac and Auto_tac. Union_iff is a now a default
9602 rewrite rule; this may affect some proofs. eq_cs is gone but can be put back
9603 as ZF_cs addSIs [equalityI];
9607 New in Isabelle94-7 (November 96)
9608 ---------------------------------
9610 * allowing negative levels (as offsets) in prlev and choplev;
9612 * super-linear speedup for large simplifications;
9614 * FOL, ZF and HOL now use miniscoping: rewriting pushes
9615 quantifications in as far as possible (COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS
9616 FAIL); can suppress it using the command Delsimps (ex_simps @
9617 all_simps); De Morgan laws are also now included, by default;
9619 * improved printing of ==> : ~:
9621 * new object-logic "Sequents" adds linear logic, while replacing LK
9622 and Modal (thanks to Sara Kalvala);
9624 * HOL/Auth: correctness proofs for authentication protocols;
9626 * HOL: new auto_tac combines rewriting and classical reasoning (many
9627 examples on HOL/Auth);
9629 * HOL: new command AddIffs for declaring theorems of the form P=Q to
9630 the rewriter and classical reasoner simultaneously;
9632 * function uresult no longer returns theorems in "standard" format;
9633 regain previous version by: val uresult = standard o uresult;
9640 * oracles -- these establish an interface between Isabelle and trusted
9641 external reasoners, which may deliver results as theorems;
9643 * proof objects (in particular record all uses of oracles);
9645 * Simp_tac, Fast_tac, etc. that refer to implicit simpset / claset;
9647 * "constdefs" section in theory files;
9649 * "primrec" section (HOL) no longer requires names;
9651 * internal type "tactic" now simply "thm -> thm Sequence.seq";
9658 * reduced space requirements;
9660 * automatic HTML generation from theories;
9662 * theory files no longer require "..." (quotes) around most types;
9664 * new examples, including two proofs of the Church-Rosser theorem;
9666 * non-curried (1994) version of HOL is no longer distributed;
9673 * greatly reduced space requirements;
9675 * theory files (.thy) no longer require \...\ escapes at line breaks;
9677 * searchable theorem database (see the section "Retrieving theorems" on
9678 page 8 of the Reference Manual);
9680 * new examples, including Grabczewski's monumental case study of the
9683 * The previous version of HOL renamed to Old_HOL;
9685 * The new version of HOL (previously called CHOL) uses a curried syntax
9686 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b);
9688 * Mutually recursive inductive definitions finally work in HOL;
9690 * In ZF, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions and
9691 translates to the operator "split";
9698 * new infix operator, addss, allowing the classical reasoner to
9699 perform simplification at each step of its search. Example:
9700 fast_tac (cs addss ss)
9702 * a new logic, CHOL, the same as HOL, but with a curried syntax
9703 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b). Also pairs
9704 look like (a,b) instead of <a,b>;
9706 * PLEASE NOTE: CHOL will eventually replace HOL!
9708 * In CHOL, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions.
9709 It translates to the operator "split". A new theory of integers is available;
9711 * In ZF, integer numerals now denote two's-complement binary integers.
9712 Arithmetic operations can be performed by rewriting. See ZF/ex/Bin.ML;
9714 * Many new examples: I/O automata, Church-Rosser theorem, equivalents
9715 of the Axiom of Choice;
9722 * Significantly faster resolution;
9724 * the different sections in a .thy file can now be mixed and repeated
9727 * Database of theorems for FOL, HOL and ZF. New
9728 commands including qed, qed_goal and bind_thm store theorems in the database.
9730 * Simple database queries: return a named theorem (get_thm) or all theorems of
9731 a given theory (thms_of), or find out what theory a theorem was proved in
9734 * Bugs fixed in the inductive definition and datatype packages;
9736 * The classical reasoner provides deepen_tac and depth_tac, making FOL_dup_cs
9737 and HOL_dup_cs obsolete;
9739 * Syntactic ambiguities caused by the new treatment of syntax in Isabelle94-1
9742 * Simpler definition of function space in ZF;
9744 * new results about cardinal and ordinal arithmetic in ZF;
9746 * 'subtype' facility in HOL for introducing new types as subsets of existing
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