1 Isabelle NEWS -- history of user-relevant changes
2 =================================================
4 (Note: Isabelle/jEdit shows a tree-view of the NEWS file in Sidekick.)
7 New in Isabelle2017 (October 2017)
8 ----------------------------------
12 * Experimental support for Visual Studio Code (VSCode) as alternative
13 Isabelle/PIDE front-end, see also
14 https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=makarius.Isabelle2017
16 VSCode is a new type of application that continues the concepts of
17 "programmer's editor" and "integrated development environment" towards
18 fully semantic editing and debugging -- in a relatively light-weight
19 manner. Thus it fits nicely on top of the Isabelle/PIDE infrastructure.
20 Technically, VSCode is based on the Electron application framework
21 (Node.js + Chromium browser + V8), which is implemented in JavaScript
22 and TypeScript, while Isabelle/VSCode mainly consists of Isabelle/Scala
23 modules around a Language Server implementation.
25 * Theory names are qualified by the session name that they belong to.
26 This affects imports, but not the theory name space prefix (which is
27 just the theory base name as before).
29 In order to import theories from other sessions, the ROOT file format
30 provides a new 'sessions' keyword. In contrast, a theory that is
31 imported in the old-fashioned manner via an explicit file-system path
32 belongs to the current session, and might cause theory name conflicts
33 later on. Theories that are imported from other sessions are excluded
34 from the current session document. The command-line tool "isabelle
35 imports" helps to update theory imports.
37 * The main theory entry points for some non-HOL sessions have changed,
38 to avoid confusion with the global name "Main" of the session HOL. This
39 leads to the follow renamings:
41 CTT/Main.thy ~> CTT/CTT.thy
42 ZF/Main.thy ~> ZF/ZF.thy
43 ZF/Main_ZF.thy ~> ZF/ZF.thy
44 ZF/Main_ZFC.thy ~> ZF/ZFC.thy
45 ZF/ZF.thy ~> ZF/ZF_Base.thy
49 * Commands 'alias' and 'type_alias' introduce aliases for constants and
50 type constructors, respectively. This allows adhoc changes to name-space
51 accesses within global or local theory contexts, e.g. within a 'bundle'.
53 * Document antiquotations @{prf} and @{full_prf} output proof terms
54 (again) in the same way as commands 'prf' and 'full_prf'.
56 * Computations generated by the code generator can be embedded directly
57 into ML, alongside with @{code} antiquotations, using the following
60 @{computation ... terms: ... datatypes: ...} :
61 ((term -> term) -> 'ml option -> 'a) -> Proof.context -> term -> 'a
62 @{computation_conv ... terms: ... datatypes: ...} :
63 (Proof.context -> 'ml -> conv) -> Proof.context -> conv
64 @{computation_check terms: ... datatypes: ...} : Proof.context -> conv
66 See src/HOL/ex/Computations.thy,
67 src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Commutative_Ring.thy and
68 src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Reflective_Field.thy for examples and the
69 tutorial on code generation.
72 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
74 * Session-qualified theory imports allow the Prover IDE to process
75 arbitrary theory hierarchies independently of the underlying logic
76 session image (e.g. option "isabelle jedit -l"), but the directory
77 structure needs to be known in advance (e.g. option "isabelle jedit -d"
78 or a line in the file $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/ROOTS).
80 * The PIDE document model maintains file content independently of the
81 status of jEdit editor buffers. Reloading jEdit buffers no longer causes
82 changes of formal document content. Theory dependencies are always
83 resolved internally, without the need for corresponding editor buffers.
84 The system option "jedit_auto_load" has been discontinued: it is
85 effectively always enabled.
87 * The Theories dockable provides a "Purge" button, in order to restrict
88 the document model to theories that are required for open editor
91 * The Theories dockable indicates the overall status of checking of each
92 entry. When all forked tasks of a theory are finished, the border is
93 painted with thick lines; remaining errors in this situation are
94 represented by a different border color.
96 * Automatic indentation is more careful to avoid redundant spaces in
97 intermediate situations. Keywords are indented after input (via typed
98 characters or completion); see also option "jedit_indent_input".
100 * Action "isabelle.preview" opens an HTML preview of the current theory
101 document in the default web browser.
103 * Command-line invocation "isabelle jedit -R -l LOGIC" opens the ROOT
104 entry of the specified logic session in the editor, while its parent is
105 used for formal checking.
107 * The main Isabelle/jEdit plugin may be restarted manually (using the
108 jEdit Plugin Manager), as long as the "Isabelle Base" plugin remains
109 enabled at all times.
111 * Update to current jedit-5.4.0.
116 * Deleting the last code equations for a particular function using
117 [code del] results in function with no equations (runtime abort) rather
118 than an unimplemented function (generation time abort). Use explicit
119 [[code drop:]] to enforce the latter. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
121 * Proper concept of code declarations in code.ML:
122 - Regular code declarations act only on the global theory level, being
123 ignored with warnings if syntactically malformed.
124 - Explicitly global code declarations yield errors if syntactically
126 - Default code declarations are silently ignored if syntactically
128 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
130 * Clarified and standardized internal data bookkeeping of code
131 declarations: history of serials allows to track potentially
132 non-monotonous declarations appropriately. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
137 * The Nunchaku model finder is now part of "Main".
140 - A new option, 'smt_nat_as_int', has been added to translate 'nat' to
141 'int' and benefit from the SMT solver's theory reasoning. It is
143 - The legacy module "src/HOL/Library/Old_SMT.thy" has been removed.
144 - Several small issues have been rectified in the 'smt' command.
146 * (Co)datatype package: The 'size_gen_o_map' lemma is no longer
147 generated for datatypes with type class annotations. As a result, the
148 tactic that derives it no longer fails on nested datatypes. Slight
151 * Command and antiquotation "value" with modified default strategy:
152 terms without free variables are always evaluated using plain evaluation
153 only, with no fallback on normalization by evaluation. Minor
156 * Theories "GCD" and "Binomial" are already included in "Main" (instead
159 * Constant "surj" is a full input/output abbreviation (again).
160 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
162 * Dropped aliasses RangeP, DomainP for Rangep, Domainp respectively.
165 * Renamed ii to imaginary_unit in order to free up ii as a variable
166 name. The syntax \<i> remains available. INCOMPATIBILITY.
168 * Dropped abbreviations transP, antisymP, single_valuedP; use constants
169 transp, antisymp, single_valuedp instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
171 * Constant "subseq" in Topological_Spaces has been removed -- it is
172 subsumed by "strict_mono". Some basic lemmas specific to "subseq" have
173 been renamed accordingly, e.g. "subseq_o" -> "strict_mono_o" etc.
175 * Theory List: "sublist" renamed to "nths" in analogy with "nth", and
176 "sublisteq" renamed to "subseq". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
178 * Theory List: new generic function "sorted_wrt".
180 * Named theorems mod_simps covers various congruence rules concerning
181 mod, replacing former zmod_simps. INCOMPATIBILITY.
183 * Swapped orientation of congruence rules mod_add_left_eq,
184 mod_add_right_eq, mod_add_eq, mod_mult_left_eq, mod_mult_right_eq,
185 mod_mult_eq, mod_minus_eq, mod_diff_left_eq, mod_diff_right_eq,
186 mod_diff_eq. INCOMPATIBILITY.
188 * Generalized some facts:
191 zminus_zmod ~> mod_minus_eq
192 zdiff_zmod_left ~> mod_diff_left_eq
193 zdiff_zmod_right ~> mod_diff_right_eq
194 zmod_eq_dvd_iff ~> mod_eq_dvd_iff
197 * Algebraic type class hierarchy of euclidean (semi)rings in HOL:
198 euclidean_(semi)ring, euclidean_(semi)ring_cancel,
199 unique_euclidean_(semi)ring; instantiation requires provision of a
202 * Theory "HOL-Number_Theory.Euclidean_Algorithm" has been reworked:
203 - Euclidean induction is available as rule eucl_induct.
204 - Constants Euclidean_Algorithm.gcd, Euclidean_Algorithm.lcm,
205 Euclidean_Algorithm.Gcd and Euclidean_Algorithm.Lcm allow
206 easy instantiation of euclidean (semi)rings as GCD (semi)rings.
207 - Coefficients obtained by extended euclidean algorithm are
208 available as "bezout_coefficients".
211 * Theory "Number_Theory.Totient" introduces basic notions about Euler's
212 totient function previously hidden as solitary example in theory
213 Residues. Definition changed so that "totient 1 = 1" in agreement with
214 the literature. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
216 * New styles in theory "HOL-Library.LaTeXsugar":
217 - "dummy_pats" for printing equations with "_" on the lhs;
218 - "eta_expand" for printing eta-expanded terms.
220 * Theory "HOL-Library.Permutations": theorem bij_swap_ompose_bij has
221 been renamed to bij_swap_compose_bij. INCOMPATIBILITY.
223 * New theory "HOL-Library.Going_To_Filter" providing the "f going_to F"
224 filter for describing points x such that f(x) is in the filter F.
226 * Theory "HOL-Library.Formal_Power_Series": constants X/E/L/F have been
227 renamed to fps_X/fps_exp/fps_ln/fps_hypergeo to avoid polluting the name
228 space. INCOMPATIBILITY.
230 * Theory "HOL-Library.FinFun" has been moved to AFP (again).
233 * Theory "HOL-Library.FuncSet": some old and rarely used ASCII
234 replacement syntax has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY, standard syntax
235 with symbols should be used instead. The subsequent commands help to
236 reproduce the old forms, e.g. to simplify porting old theories:
239 "_PiE" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b set \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> 'b) set" ("(3PIE _:_./ _)" 10)
240 "_Pi" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b set \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> 'b) set" ("(3PI _:_./ _)" 10)
241 "_lam" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> 'b)" ("(3%_:_./ _)" [0,0,3] 3)
243 * Theory "HOL-Library.Multiset": the simprocs on subsets operators of
244 multisets have been renamed:
246 msetless_cancel_numerals ~> msetsubset_cancel
247 msetle_cancel_numerals ~> msetsubset_eq_cancel
251 * Theory "HOL-Library.Pattern_Aliases" provides input and output syntax
252 for pattern aliases as known from Haskell, Scala and ML.
254 * Theory "HOL-Library.Uprod" formalizes the type of unordered pairs.
256 * Session HOL-Analysis: more material involving arcs, paths, covering
257 spaces, innessential maps, retracts, infinite products, simplicial
258 complexes. Baire Category theorem. Major results include the Jordan
259 Curve Theorem and the Great Picard Theorem.
261 * Session HOL-Algebra has been extended by additional lattice theory:
262 the Knaster-Tarski fixed point theorem and Galois Connections.
264 * Sessions HOL-Computational_Algebra and HOL-Number_Theory: new notions
265 of squarefreeness, n-th powers, and prime powers.
267 * Session "HOL-Computional_Algebra" covers many previously scattered
268 theories, notably Euclidean_Algorithm, Factorial_Ring,
269 Formal_Power_Series, Fraction_Field, Fundamental_Theorem_Algebra,
270 Normalized_Fraction, Polynomial_FPS, Polynomial, Primes. Minor
276 * Isabelle/Scala: the SQL module supports access to relational
277 databases, either as plain file (SQLite) or full-scale server
278 (PostgreSQL via local port or remote ssh connection).
280 * Results of "isabelle build" are recorded as SQLite database (i.e.
281 "Application File Format" in the sense of
282 https://www.sqlite.org/appfileformat.html). This allows systematic
283 access via operations from module Sessions.Store in Isabelle/Scala.
285 * System option "parallel_proofs" is 1 by default (instead of more
286 aggressive 2). This requires less heap space and avoids burning parallel
287 CPU cycles, while full subproof parallelization is enabled for repeated
288 builds (according to parallel_subproofs_threshold).
290 * System option "record_proofs" allows to change the global
291 Proofterm.proofs variable for a session. Regular values are are 0, 1, 2;
292 a negative value means the current state in the ML heap image remains
295 * Isabelle settings variable ISABELLE_SCALA_BUILD_OPTIONS has been
296 renamed to ISABELLE_SCALAC_OPTIONS. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
298 * Isabelle settings variables ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM,
299 ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM32, ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM64 indicate the
300 native Windows platform (independently of the Cygwin installation). This
301 is analogous to ISABELLE_PLATFORM, ISABELLE_PLATFORM32,
304 * Command-line tool "isabelle build_docker" builds a Docker image from
305 the Isabelle application bundle for Linux. See also
306 https://hub.docker.com/r/makarius/isabelle
308 * Command-line tool "isabelle vscode_server" provides a Language Server
309 Protocol implementation, e.g. for the Visual Studio Code editor. It
310 serves as example for alternative PIDE front-ends.
312 * Command-line tool "isabelle imports" helps to maintain theory imports
313 wrt. session structure. Examples for the main Isabelle distribution:
315 isabelle imports -I -a
316 isabelle imports -U -a
317 isabelle imports -U -i -a
318 isabelle imports -M -a -d '~~/src/Benchmarks'
321 New in Isabelle2016-1 (December 2016)
322 -------------------------------------
326 * Splitter in proof methods "simp", "auto" and friends:
327 - The syntax "split add" has been discontinued, use plain "split",
329 - For situations with many conditional or case expressions, there is
330 an alternative splitting strategy that can be much faster. It is
331 selected by writing "split!" instead of "split". It applies safe
332 introduction and elimination rules after each split rule. As a
333 result the subgoal may be split into several subgoals.
335 * Command 'bundle' provides a local theory target to define a bundle
336 from the body of specification commands (such as 'declare',
337 'declaration', 'notation', 'lemmas', 'lemma'). For example:
345 * Command 'unbundle' is like 'include', but works within a local theory
346 context. Unlike "context includes ... begin", the effect of 'unbundle'
347 on the target context persists, until different declarations are given.
349 * Simplified outer syntax: uniform category "name" includes long
350 identifiers. Former "xname" / "nameref" / "name reference" has been
353 * Embedded content (e.g. the inner syntax of types, terms, props) may be
354 delimited uniformly via cartouches. This works better than old-fashioned
355 quotes when sub-languages are nested.
357 * Mixfix annotations support general block properties, with syntax
358 "(\<open>x=a y=b z \<dots>\<close>". Notable property names are "indent", "consistent",
359 "unbreakable", "markup". The existing notation "(DIGITS" is equivalent
360 to "(\<open>indent=DIGITS\<close>". The former notation "(00" for unbreakable blocks
361 is superseded by "(\<open>unbreabable\<close>" --- rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
363 * Proof method "blast" is more robust wrt. corner cases of Pure
364 statements without object-logic judgment.
366 * Commands 'prf' and 'full_prf' are somewhat more informative (again):
367 proof terms are reconstructed and cleaned from administrative thm nodes.
369 * Code generator: config option "code_timing" triggers measurements of
370 different phases of code generation. See src/HOL/ex/Code_Timing.thy for
373 * Code generator: implicits in Scala (stemming from type class
374 instances) are generated into companion object of corresponding type
375 class, to resolve some situations where ambiguities may occur.
377 * Solve direct: option "solve_direct_strict_warnings" gives explicit
378 warnings for lemma statements with trivial proofs.
381 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
383 * More aggressive flushing of machine-generated input, according to
384 system option editor_generated_input_delay (in addition to existing
385 editor_input_delay for regular user edits). This may affect overall PIDE
386 reactivity and CPU usage.
388 * Syntactic indentation according to Isabelle outer syntax. Action
389 "indent-lines" (shortcut C+i) indents the current line according to
390 command keywords and some command substructure. Action
391 "isabelle.newline" (shortcut ENTER) indents the old and the new line
392 according to command keywords only; see also option
393 "jedit_indent_newline".
395 * Semantic indentation for unstructured proof scripts ('apply' etc.) via
396 number of subgoals. This requires information of ongoing document
397 processing and may thus lag behind, when the user is editing too
398 quickly; see also option "jedit_script_indent" and
399 "jedit_script_indent_limit".
401 * Refined folding mode "isabelle" based on Isar syntax: 'next' and 'qed'
402 are treated as delimiters for fold structure; 'begin' and 'end'
403 structure of theory specifications is treated as well.
405 (* hint by Makarius how to introduce templates, referring to
406 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/repos/isabelle/rev/9f8d06f23c09
407 Here Output.information writes to respective window.
408 Isac needs output into main window, probably as done by metis.
410 * Command 'proof' provides information about proof outline with cases,
411 e.g. for proof methods "cases", "induct", "goal_cases".
413 * Completion templates for commands involving "begin ... end" blocks,
414 e.g. 'context', 'notepad'.
416 * Sidekick parser "isabelle-context" shows nesting of context blocks
417 according to 'begin' and 'end' structure.
419 * Highlighting of entity def/ref positions wrt. cursor.
421 * Action "isabelle.select-entity" (shortcut CS+ENTER) selects all
422 occurrences of the formal entity at the caret position. This facilitates
425 * PIDE document markup works across multiple Isar commands, e.g. the
426 results established at the end of a proof are properly identified in the
429 * Cartouche abbreviations work both for " and ` to accomodate typical
430 situations where old ASCII notation may be updated.
432 * Dockable window "Symbols" also provides access to 'abbrevs' from the
433 outer syntax of the current theory buffer. This provides clickable
434 syntax templates, including entries with empty abbrevs name (which are
435 inaccessible via keyboard completion).
437 * IDE support for the Isabelle/Pure bootstrap process, with the
438 following independent stages:
443 src/Pure/ML_Bootstrap.thy
445 The ML ROOT files act like quasi-theories in the context of theory
446 ML_Bootstrap: this allows continuous checking of all loaded ML files.
447 The theory files are presented with a modified header to import Pure
448 from the running Isabelle instance. Results from changed versions of
449 each stage are *not* propagated to the next stage, and isolated from the
450 actual Isabelle/Pure that runs the IDE itself. The sequential
451 dependencies of the above files are only observed for batch build.
453 * Isabelle/ML and Standard ML files are presented in Sidekick with the
454 tree structure of section headings: this special comment format is
455 described in "implementation" chapter 0, e.g. (*** section ***).
457 * Additional abbreviations for syntactic completion may be specified
458 within the theory header as 'abbrevs'. The theory syntax for 'keywords'
459 has been simplified accordingly: optional abbrevs need to go into the
460 new 'abbrevs' section.
462 * Global abbreviations via $ISABELLE_HOME/etc/abbrevs and
463 $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/abbrevs are no longer supported. Minor
464 INCOMPATIBILITY, use 'abbrevs' within theory header instead.
466 * Action "isabelle.keymap-merge" asks the user to resolve pending
467 Isabelle keymap changes that are in conflict with the current jEdit
468 keymap; non-conflicting changes are always applied implicitly. This
469 action is automatically invoked on Isabelle/jEdit startup and thus
470 increases chances that users see new keyboard shortcuts when re-using
473 * ML and document antiquotations for file-systems paths are more uniform
476 @{path NAME} -- no file-system check
477 @{file NAME} -- check for plain file
478 @{dir NAME} -- check for directory
480 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, former uses of @{file} and @{file_unchecked} may
484 *** Document preparation ***
486 * New symbol \<circle>, e.g. for temporal operator.
488 * New document and ML antiquotation @{locale} for locales, similar to
489 existing antiquotation @{class}.
491 * Mixfix annotations support delimiters like \<^control>\<open>cartouche\<close> --
492 this allows special forms of document output.
494 * Raw LaTeX output now works via \<^latex>\<open>...\<close> instead of raw control
495 symbol \<^raw:...>. INCOMPATIBILITY, notably for LaTeXsugar.thy and its
498 * \<^raw:...> symbols are no longer supported.
500 * Old 'header' command is no longer supported (legacy since
506 * Many specification elements support structured statements with 'if' /
507 'for' eigen-context, e.g. 'axiomatization', 'abbreviation',
508 'definition', 'inductive', 'function'.
510 * Toplevel theorem statements support eigen-context notation with 'if' /
511 'for' (in postfix), which corresponds to 'assumes' / 'fixes' in the
512 traditional long statement form (in prefix). Local premises are called
513 "that" or "assms", respectively. Empty premises are *not* bound in the
514 context: INCOMPATIBILITY.
516 * Command 'define' introduces a local (non-polymorphic) definition, with
517 optional abstraction over local parameters. The syntax resembles
518 'definition' and 'obtain'. It fits better into the Isar language than
519 old 'def', which is now a legacy feature.
521 * Command 'obtain' supports structured statements with 'if' / 'for'
524 * Command '\<proof>' is an alias for 'sorry', with different
525 typesetting. E.g. to produce proof holes in examples and documentation.
527 * The defining position of a literal fact \<open>prop\<close> is maintained more
528 carefully, and made accessible as hyperlink in the Prover IDE.
530 * Commands 'finally' and 'ultimately' used to expose the result as
531 literal fact: this accidental behaviour has been discontinued. Rare
532 INCOMPATIBILITY, use more explicit means to refer to facts in Isar.
534 * Command 'axiomatization' has become more restrictive to correspond
535 better to internal axioms as singleton facts with mandatory name. Minor
538 * Proof methods may refer to the main facts via the dynamic fact
539 "method_facts". This is particularly useful for Eisbach method
542 * Proof method "use" allows to modify the main facts of a given method
546 (use facts in \<open>simp add: ...\<close>)
548 * The old proof method "default" has been removed (legacy since
549 Isabelle2016). INCOMPATIBILITY, use "standard" instead.
554 * Pure provides basic versions of proof methods "simp" and "simp_all"
555 that only know about meta-equality (==). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in
556 theory imports that merge Pure with e.g. Main of Isabelle/HOL: the order
557 is relevant to avoid confusion of Pure.simp vs. HOL.simp.
559 * The command 'unfolding' and proof method "unfold" include a second
560 stage where given equations are passed through the attribute "abs_def"
561 before rewriting. This ensures that definitions are fully expanded,
562 regardless of the actual parameters that are provided. Rare
563 INCOMPATIBILITY in some corner cases: use proof method (simp only:)
564 instead, or declare [[unfold_abs_def = false]] in the proof context.
566 * Type-inference improves sorts of newly introduced type variables for
567 the object-logic, using its base sort (i.e. HOL.type for Isabelle/HOL).
568 Thus terms like "f x" or "\<And>x. P x" without any further syntactic context
569 produce x::'a::type in HOL instead of x::'a::{} in Pure. Rare
570 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to provide explicit type constraints for Pure
571 types where this is really intended.
576 * New proof method "argo" using the built-in Argo solver based on SMT
577 technology. The method can be used to prove goals of quantifier-free
578 propositional logic, goals based on a combination of quantifier-free
579 propositional logic with equality, and goals based on a combination of
580 quantifier-free propositional logic with linear real arithmetic
581 including min/max/abs. See HOL/ex/Argo_Examples.thy for examples.
583 * The new "nunchaku" command integrates the Nunchaku model finder. The
584 tool is experimental. See ~~/src/HOL/Nunchaku/Nunchaku.thy for details.
586 * Metis: The problem encoding has changed very slightly. This might
587 break existing proofs. INCOMPATIBILITY.
590 - The MaSh relevance filter is now faster than before.
591 - Produce syntactically correct Vampire 4.0 problem files.
593 * (Co)datatype package:
594 - New commands for defining corecursive functions and reasoning about
595 them in "~~/src/HOL/Library/BNF_Corec.thy": 'corec', 'corecursive',
596 'friend_of_corec', and 'corecursion_upto'; and 'corec_unique' proof
597 method. See 'isabelle doc corec'.
598 - The predicator :: ('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> 'a F \<Rightarrow> bool is now a first-class
599 citizen in bounded natural functors.
600 - 'primrec' now allows nested calls through the predicator in addition
602 - 'bnf' automatically discharges reflexive proof obligations.
603 - 'bnf' outputs a slightly modified proof obligation expressing rel in
605 (not giving a specification for rel makes this one reflexive).
606 - 'bnf' outputs a new proof obligation expressing pred in terms of set
607 (not giving a specification for pred makes this one reflexive).
608 INCOMPATIBILITY: manual 'bnf' declarations may need adjustment.
610 rel_prod_apply ~> rel_prod_inject
611 pred_prod_apply ~> pred_prod_inject
613 - The "size" plugin has been made compatible again with locales.
614 - The theorems about "rel" and "set" may have a slightly different (but
618 * The 'coinductive' command produces a proper coinduction rule for
619 mutual coinductive predicates. This new rule replaces the old rule,
620 which exposed details of the internal fixpoint construction and was
621 hard to use. INCOMPATIBILITY.
623 * New abbreviations for negated existence (but not bounded existence):
625 \<nexists>x. P x \<equiv> \<not> (\<exists>x. P x)
626 \<nexists>!x. P x \<equiv> \<not> (\<exists>!x. P x)
628 * The print mode "HOL" for ASCII syntax of binders "!", "?", "?!", "@"
629 has been removed for output. It is retained for input only, until it is
630 eliminated altogether.
632 * The unique existence quantifier no longer provides 'binder' syntax,
633 but uses syntax translations (as for bounded unique existence). Thus
634 iterated quantification \<exists>!x y. P x y with its slightly confusing
635 sequential meaning \<exists>!x. \<exists>!y. P x y is no longer possible. Instead,
636 pattern abstraction admits simultaneous unique existence \<exists>!(x, y). P x y
637 (analogous to existing notation \<exists>!(x, y)\<in>A. P x y). Potential
638 INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations.
640 * Conventional syntax "%(). t" for unit abstractions. Slight syntactic
643 * Renamed constants and corresponding theorems:
648 listprod ~> prod_list
652 * Sligthly more standardized theorem names:
653 sgn_times ~> sgn_mult
654 sgn_mult' ~> Real_Vector_Spaces.sgn_mult
655 divide_zero_left ~> div_0
656 zero_mod_left ~> mod_0
657 divide_zero ~> div_by_0
659 nonzero_mult_divide_cancel_left ~> nonzero_mult_div_cancel_left
660 div_mult_self1_is_id ~> nonzero_mult_div_cancel_left
661 nonzero_mult_divide_cancel_right ~> nonzero_mult_div_cancel_right
662 div_mult_self2_is_id ~> nonzero_mult_div_cancel_right
663 is_unit_divide_mult_cancel_left ~> is_unit_div_mult_cancel_left
664 is_unit_divide_mult_cancel_right ~> is_unit_div_mult_cancel_right
665 mod_div_equality ~> div_mult_mod_eq
666 mod_div_equality2 ~> mult_div_mod_eq
667 mod_div_equality3 ~> mod_div_mult_eq
668 mod_div_equality4 ~> mod_mult_div_eq
669 minus_div_eq_mod ~> minus_div_mult_eq_mod
670 minus_div_eq_mod2 ~> minus_mult_div_eq_mod
671 minus_mod_eq_div ~> minus_mod_eq_div_mult
672 minus_mod_eq_div2 ~> minus_mod_eq_mult_div
673 div_mod_equality' ~> minus_mod_eq_div_mult [symmetric]
674 mod_div_equality' ~> minus_div_mult_eq_mod [symmetric]
675 zmod_zdiv_equality ~> mult_div_mod_eq [symmetric]
676 zmod_zdiv_equality' ~> minus_div_mult_eq_mod [symmetric]
677 Divides.mult_div_cancel ~> minus_mod_eq_mult_div [symmetric]
678 mult_div_cancel ~> minus_mod_eq_mult_div [symmetric]
679 zmult_div_cancel ~> minus_mod_eq_mult_div [symmetric]
680 div_1 ~> div_by_Suc_0
681 mod_1 ~> mod_by_Suc_0
684 * New type class "idom_abs_sgn" specifies algebraic properties
685 of sign and absolute value functions. Type class "sgn_if" has
686 disappeared. Slight INCOMPATIBILITY.
688 * Dedicated syntax LENGTH('a) for length of types.
690 * Characters (type char) are modelled as finite algebraic type
691 corresponding to {0..255}.
693 - Logical representation:
694 * 0 is instantiated to the ASCII zero character.
695 * All other characters are represented as "Char n"
696 with n being a raw numeral expression less than 256.
697 * Expressions of the form "Char n" with n greater than 255
699 - Printing and parsing:
700 * Printable characters are printed and parsed as "CHR ''\<dots>''"
702 * The ASCII zero character is printed and parsed as "0".
703 * All other canonical characters are printed as "CHR 0xXX"
704 with XX being the hexadecimal character code. "CHR n"
705 is parsable for every numeral expression n.
706 * Non-canonical characters have no special syntax and are
707 printed as their logical representation.
708 - Explicit conversions from and to the natural numbers are
709 provided as char_of_nat, nat_of_char (as before).
710 - The auxiliary nibble type has been discontinued.
714 * Type class "div" with operation "mod" renamed to type class "modulo"
715 with operation "modulo", analogously to type class "divide". This
716 eliminates the need to qualify any of those names in the presence of
717 infix "mod" syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
719 * Statements and proofs of Knaster-Tarski fixpoint combinators lfp/gfp
720 have been clarified. The fixpoint properties are lfp_fixpoint, its
721 symmetric lfp_unfold (as before), and the duals for gfp. Auxiliary items
722 for the proof (lfp_lemma2 etc.) are no longer exported, but can be
723 easily recovered by composition with eq_refl. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
725 * Constant "surj" is a mere input abbreviation, to avoid hiding an
726 equation in term output. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
728 * Command 'code_reflect' accepts empty constructor lists for datatypes,
729 which renders those abstract effectively.
731 * Command 'export_code' checks given constants for abstraction
732 violations: a small guarantee that given constants specify a safe
733 interface for the generated code.
735 * Code generation for Scala: ambiguous implicts in class diagrams are
736 spelt out explicitly.
738 * Static evaluators (Code_Evaluation.static_* in Isabelle/ML) rely on
739 explicitly provided auxiliary definitions for required type class
740 dictionaries rather than half-working magic. INCOMPATIBILITY, see the
741 tutorial on code generation for details.
743 * Theory Set_Interval: substantial new theorems on indexed sums and
746 * Locale bijection establishes convenient default simp rules such as
747 "inv f (f a) = a" for total bijections.
749 * Abstract locales semigroup, abel_semigroup, semilattice,
750 semilattice_neutr, ordering, ordering_top, semilattice_order,
751 semilattice_neutr_order, comm_monoid_set, semilattice_set,
752 semilattice_neutr_set, semilattice_order_set,
753 semilattice_order_neutr_set monoid_list, comm_monoid_list,
754 comm_monoid_list_set, comm_monoid_mset, comm_monoid_fun use boldified
755 syntax uniformly that does not clash with corresponding global syntax.
758 * Former locale lifting_syntax is now a bundle, which is easier to
759 include in a local context or theorem statement, e.g. "context includes
760 lifting_syntax begin ... end". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
762 * Some old / obsolete theorems have been renamed / removed, potential
765 nat_less_cases -- removed, use linorder_cases instead
766 inv_image_comp -- removed, use image_inv_f_f instead
767 image_surj_f_inv_f ~> image_f_inv_f
769 * Some theorems about groups and orders have been generalised from
770 groups to semi-groups that are also monoids:
773 less_add_same_cancel1
774 less_add_same_cancel2
777 add_less_same_cancel1
778 add_less_same_cancel2
780 * Some simplifications theorems about rings have been removed, since
781 superseeded by a more general version:
782 less_add_cancel_left_greater_zero ~> less_add_same_cancel1
783 less_add_cancel_right_greater_zero ~> less_add_same_cancel2
784 less_eq_add_cancel_left_greater_eq_zero ~> le_add_same_cancel1
785 less_eq_add_cancel_right_greater_eq_zero ~> le_add_same_cancel2
786 less_eq_add_cancel_left_less_eq_zero ~> add_le_same_cancel1
787 less_eq_add_cancel_right_less_eq_zero ~> add_le_same_cancel2
788 less_add_cancel_left_less_zero ~> add_less_same_cancel1
789 less_add_cancel_right_less_zero ~> add_less_same_cancel2
792 * Renamed split_if -> if_split and split_if_asm -> if_split_asm to
793 resemble the f.split naming convention, INCOMPATIBILITY.
795 * Added class topological_monoid.
797 * The following theorems have been renamed:
799 setsum_left_distrib ~> sum_distrib_right
800 setsum_right_distrib ~> sum_distrib_left
804 * Compound constants INFIMUM and SUPREMUM are mere abbreviations now.
807 * "Gcd (f ` A)" and "Lcm (f ` A)" are printed with optional
808 comprehension-like syntax analogously to "Inf (f ` A)" and "Sup (f `
811 * Class semiring_Lcd merged into semiring_Gcd. INCOMPATIBILITY.
813 * The type class ordered_comm_monoid_add is now called
814 ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_add. A new type class ordered_comm_monoid_add
815 is introduced as the combination of ordered_ab_semigroup_add +
816 comm_monoid_add. INCOMPATIBILITY.
818 * Introduced the type classes canonically_ordered_comm_monoid_add and
821 * Introduced the type class ordered_ab_semigroup_monoid_add_imp_le. When
822 instantiating linordered_semiring_strict and ordered_ab_group_add, an
823 explicit instantiation of ordered_ab_semigroup_monoid_add_imp_le might
824 be required. INCOMPATIBILITY.
826 * Dropped various legacy fact bindings, whose replacements are often
827 of a more general type also:
828 lcm_left_commute_nat ~> lcm.left_commute
829 lcm_left_commute_int ~> lcm.left_commute
830 gcd_left_commute_nat ~> gcd.left_commute
831 gcd_left_commute_int ~> gcd.left_commute
832 gcd_greatest_iff_nat ~> gcd_greatest_iff
833 gcd_greatest_iff_int ~> gcd_greatest_iff
834 coprime_dvd_mult_nat ~> coprime_dvd_mult
835 coprime_dvd_mult_int ~> coprime_dvd_mult
836 zpower_numeral_even ~> power_numeral_even
837 gcd_mult_cancel_nat ~> gcd_mult_cancel
838 gcd_mult_cancel_int ~> gcd_mult_cancel
839 div_gcd_coprime_nat ~> div_gcd_coprime
840 div_gcd_coprime_int ~> div_gcd_coprime
841 zpower_numeral_odd ~> power_numeral_odd
842 zero_less_int_conv ~> of_nat_0_less_iff
843 gcd_greatest_nat ~> gcd_greatest
844 gcd_greatest_int ~> gcd_greatest
845 coprime_mult_nat ~> coprime_mult
846 coprime_mult_int ~> coprime_mult
847 lcm_commute_nat ~> lcm.commute
848 lcm_commute_int ~> lcm.commute
849 int_less_0_conv ~> of_nat_less_0_iff
850 gcd_commute_nat ~> gcd.commute
851 gcd_commute_int ~> gcd.commute
852 Gcd_insert_nat ~> Gcd_insert
853 Gcd_insert_int ~> Gcd_insert
854 of_int_int_eq ~> of_int_of_nat_eq
855 lcm_least_nat ~> lcm_least
856 lcm_least_int ~> lcm_least
857 lcm_assoc_nat ~> lcm.assoc
858 lcm_assoc_int ~> lcm.assoc
859 int_le_0_conv ~> of_nat_le_0_iff
860 int_eq_0_conv ~> of_nat_eq_0_iff
861 Gcd_empty_nat ~> Gcd_empty
862 Gcd_empty_int ~> Gcd_empty
863 gcd_assoc_nat ~> gcd.assoc
864 gcd_assoc_int ~> gcd.assoc
865 zero_zle_int ~> of_nat_0_le_iff
866 lcm_dvd2_nat ~> dvd_lcm2
867 lcm_dvd2_int ~> dvd_lcm2
868 lcm_dvd1_nat ~> dvd_lcm1
869 lcm_dvd1_int ~> dvd_lcm1
870 gcd_zero_nat ~> gcd_eq_0_iff
871 gcd_zero_int ~> gcd_eq_0_iff
872 gcd_dvd2_nat ~> gcd_dvd2
873 gcd_dvd2_int ~> gcd_dvd2
874 gcd_dvd1_nat ~> gcd_dvd1
875 gcd_dvd1_int ~> gcd_dvd1
876 int_numeral ~> of_nat_numeral
877 lcm_ac_nat ~> ac_simps
878 lcm_ac_int ~> ac_simps
879 gcd_ac_nat ~> ac_simps
880 gcd_ac_int ~> ac_simps
881 abs_int_eq ~> abs_of_nat
882 zless_int ~> of_nat_less_iff
883 zdiff_int ~> of_nat_diff
884 zadd_int ~> of_nat_add
885 int_mult ~> of_nat_mult
886 int_Suc ~> of_nat_Suc
887 inj_int ~> inj_of_nat
890 Lcm_empty_nat ~> Lcm_empty
891 Lcm_empty_int ~> Lcm_empty
892 Lcm_insert_nat ~> Lcm_insert
893 Lcm_insert_int ~> Lcm_insert
894 comp_fun_idem_gcd_nat ~> comp_fun_idem_gcd
895 comp_fun_idem_gcd_int ~> comp_fun_idem_gcd
896 comp_fun_idem_lcm_nat ~> comp_fun_idem_lcm
897 comp_fun_idem_lcm_int ~> comp_fun_idem_lcm
898 Lcm_eq_0 ~> Lcm_eq_0_I
899 Lcm0_iff ~> Lcm_0_iff
900 Lcm_dvd_int ~> Lcm_least
901 divides_mult_nat ~> divides_mult
902 divides_mult_int ~> divides_mult
903 lcm_0_nat ~> lcm_0_right
904 lcm_0_int ~> lcm_0_right
905 lcm_0_left_nat ~> lcm_0_left
906 lcm_0_left_int ~> lcm_0_left
907 dvd_gcd_D1_nat ~> dvd_gcdD1
908 dvd_gcd_D1_int ~> dvd_gcdD1
909 dvd_gcd_D2_nat ~> dvd_gcdD2
910 dvd_gcd_D2_int ~> dvd_gcdD2
911 coprime_dvd_mult_iff_nat ~> coprime_dvd_mult_iff
912 coprime_dvd_mult_iff_int ~> coprime_dvd_mult_iff
913 realpow_minus_mult ~> power_minus_mult
914 realpow_Suc_le_self ~> power_Suc_le_self
915 dvd_Gcd, dvd_Gcd_nat, dvd_Gcd_int removed in favour of Gcd_greatest
918 * Renamed HOL/Quotient_Examples/FSet.thy to
919 HOL/Quotient_Examples/Quotient_FSet.thy INCOMPATIBILITY.
921 * Session HOL-Library: theory FinFun bundles "finfun_syntax" and
922 "no_finfun_syntax" allow to control optional syntax in local contexts;
923 this supersedes former theory FinFun_Syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY, e.g. use
924 "unbundle finfun_syntax" to imitate import of
925 "~~/src/HOL/Library/FinFun_Syntax".
927 * Session HOL-Library: theory Multiset_Permutations (executably) defines
928 the set of permutations of a given set or multiset, i.e. the set of all
929 lists that contain every element of the carrier (multi-)set exactly
932 * Session HOL-Library: multiset membership is now expressed using
933 set_mset rather than count.
935 - Expressions "count M a > 0" and similar simplify to membership
938 - Converting between "count M a = 0" and non-membership happens using
939 equations count_eq_zero_iff and not_in_iff.
941 - Rules count_inI and in_countE obtain facts of the form
942 "count M a = n" from membership.
944 - Rules count_in_diffI and in_diff_countE obtain facts of the form
945 "count M a = n + count N a" from membership on difference sets.
949 * Session HOL-Library: theory LaTeXsugar uses new-style "dummy_pats" for
950 displaying equations in functional programming style --- variables
951 present on the left-hand but not on the righ-hand side are replaced by
954 * Session HOL-Library: theory Combinator_PER provides combinator to
955 build partial equivalence relations from a predicate and an equivalence
958 * Session HOL-Library: theory Perm provides basic facts about almost
959 everywhere fix bijections.
961 * Session HOL-Library: theory Normalized_Fraction allows viewing an
962 element of a field of fractions as a normalized fraction (i.e. a pair of
963 numerator and denominator such that the two are coprime and the
964 denominator is normalized wrt. unit factors).
966 * Session HOL-NSA has been renamed to HOL-Nonstandard_Analysis.
968 * Session HOL-Multivariate_Analysis has been renamed to HOL-Analysis.
970 * Session HOL-Analysis: measure theory has been moved here from
971 HOL-Probability. When importing HOL-Analysis some theorems need
972 additional name spaces prefixes due to name clashes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
974 * Session HOL-Analysis: more complex analysis including Cauchy's
975 inequality, Liouville theorem, open mapping theorem, maximum modulus
976 principle, Residue theorem, Schwarz Lemma.
978 * Session HOL-Analysis: Theory of polyhedra: faces, extreme points,
979 polytopes, and the Krein–Milman Minkowski theorem.
981 * Session HOL-Analysis: Numerous results ported from the HOL Light
982 libraries: homeomorphisms, continuous function extensions, invariance of
985 * Session HOL-Probability: the type of emeasure and nn_integral was
986 changed from ereal to ennreal, INCOMPATIBILITY.
988 emeasure :: 'a measure \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> ennreal
989 nn_integral :: 'a measure \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> ennreal) \<Rightarrow> ennreal
991 * Session HOL-Probability: Code generation and QuickCheck for
992 Probability Mass Functions.
994 * Session HOL-Probability: theory Random_Permutations contains some
995 theory about choosing a permutation of a set uniformly at random and
996 folding over a list in random order.
998 * Session HOL-Probability: theory SPMF formalises discrete
999 subprobability distributions.
1001 * Session HOL-Library: the names of multiset theorems have been
1002 normalised to distinguish which ordering the theorems are about
1004 mset_less_eqI ~> mset_subset_eqI
1005 mset_less_insertD ~> mset_subset_insertD
1006 mset_less_eq_count ~> mset_subset_eq_count
1007 mset_less_diff_self ~> mset_subset_diff_self
1008 mset_le_exists_conv ~> mset_subset_eq_exists_conv
1009 mset_le_mono_add_right_cancel ~> mset_subset_eq_mono_add_right_cancel
1010 mset_le_mono_add_left_cancel ~> mset_subset_eq_mono_add_left_cancel
1011 mset_le_mono_add ~> mset_subset_eq_mono_add
1012 mset_le_add_left ~> mset_subset_eq_add_left
1013 mset_le_add_right ~> mset_subset_eq_add_right
1014 mset_le_single ~> mset_subset_eq_single
1015 mset_le_multiset_union_diff_commute ~> mset_subset_eq_multiset_union_diff_commute
1016 diff_le_self ~> diff_subset_eq_self
1017 mset_leD ~> mset_subset_eqD
1018 mset_lessD ~> mset_subsetD
1019 mset_le_insertD ~> mset_subset_eq_insertD
1020 mset_less_of_empty ~> mset_subset_of_empty
1021 mset_less_size ~> mset_subset_size
1022 wf_less_mset_rel ~> wf_subset_mset_rel
1023 count_le_replicate_mset_le ~> count_le_replicate_mset_subset_eq
1024 mset_remdups_le ~> mset_remdups_subset_eq
1025 ms_lesseq_impl ~> subset_eq_mset_impl
1027 Some functions have been renamed:
1028 ms_lesseq_impl -> subset_eq_mset_impl
1030 * HOL-Library: multisets are now ordered with the multiset ordering
1031 #\<subseteq># ~> \<le>
1033 le_multiset ~> less_eq_multiset
1034 less_multiset ~> le_multiset
1037 * Session HOL-Library: the prefix multiset_order has been discontinued:
1038 the theorems can be directly accessed. As a consequence, the lemmas
1039 "order_multiset" and "linorder_multiset" have been discontinued, and the
1040 interpretations "multiset_linorder" and "multiset_wellorder" have been
1041 replaced by instantiations. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1043 * Session HOL-Library: some theorems about the multiset ordering have
1046 le_multiset_def ~> less_eq_multiset_def
1047 less_multiset_def ~> le_multiset_def
1048 less_eq_imp_le_multiset ~> subset_eq_imp_le_multiset
1049 mult_less_not_refl ~> mset_le_not_refl
1050 mult_less_trans ~> mset_le_trans
1051 mult_less_not_sym ~> mset_le_not_sym
1052 mult_less_asym ~> mset_le_asym
1053 mult_less_irrefl ~> mset_le_irrefl
1054 union_less_mono2{,1,2} ~> union_le_mono2{,1,2}
1056 le_multiset\<^sub>H\<^sub>O ~> less_eq_multiset\<^sub>H\<^sub>O
1057 le_multiset_total ~> less_eq_multiset_total
1058 less_multiset_right_total ~> subset_eq_imp_le_multiset
1059 le_multiset_empty_left ~> less_eq_multiset_empty_left
1060 le_multiset_empty_right ~> less_eq_multiset_empty_right
1061 less_multiset_empty_right ~> le_multiset_empty_left
1062 less_multiset_empty_left ~> le_multiset_empty_right
1063 union_less_diff_plus ~> union_le_diff_plus
1064 ex_gt_count_imp_less_multiset ~> ex_gt_count_imp_le_multiset
1065 less_multiset_plus_left_nonempty ~> le_multiset_plus_left_nonempty
1066 le_multiset_plus_right_nonempty ~> le_multiset_plus_right_nonempty
1069 * Session HOL-Library: the lemma mset_map has now the attribute [simp].
1072 * Session HOL-Library: some theorems about multisets have been removed.
1073 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the following replacements:
1075 le_multiset_plus_plus_left_iff ~> add_less_cancel_right
1076 less_multiset_plus_plus_left_iff ~> add_less_cancel_right
1077 le_multiset_plus_plus_right_iff ~> add_less_cancel_left
1078 less_multiset_plus_plus_right_iff ~> add_less_cancel_left
1079 add_eq_self_empty_iff ~> add_cancel_left_right
1080 mset_subset_add_bothsides ~> subset_mset.add_less_cancel_right
1081 mset_less_add_bothsides ~> subset_mset.add_less_cancel_right
1082 mset_le_add_bothsides ~> subset_mset.add_less_cancel_right
1083 empty_inter ~> subset_mset.inf_bot_left
1084 inter_empty ~> subset_mset.inf_bot_right
1085 empty_sup ~> subset_mset.sup_bot_left
1086 sup_empty ~> subset_mset.sup_bot_right
1087 bdd_below_multiset ~> subset_mset.bdd_above_bot
1088 subset_eq_empty ~> subset_mset.le_zero_eq
1089 le_empty ~> subset_mset.le_zero_eq
1090 mset_subset_empty_nonempty ~> subset_mset.zero_less_iff_neq_zero
1091 mset_less_empty_nonempty ~> subset_mset.zero_less_iff_neq_zero
1093 * Session HOL-Library: some typeclass constraints about multisets have
1094 been reduced from ordered or linordered to preorder. Multisets have the
1095 additional typeclasses order_bot, no_top,
1096 ordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le, ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_add,
1097 linordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add, and
1098 ordered_ab_semigroup_monoid_add_imp_le. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1100 * Session HOL-Library: there are some new simplification rules about
1101 multisets, the multiset ordering, and the subset ordering on multisets.
1104 * Session HOL-Library: the subset ordering on multisets has now the
1105 interpretations ordered_ab_semigroup_monoid_add_imp_le and
1106 bounded_lattice_bot. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1108 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: single has been removed in favor
1109 of add_mset that roughly corresponds to Set.insert. Some theorems have
1112 single_not_empty ~> add_mset_not_empty or empty_not_add_mset
1113 fold_mset_insert ~> fold_mset_add_mset
1114 image_mset_insert ~> image_mset_add_mset
1115 union_single_eq_diff
1116 multi_self_add_other_not_self
1117 diff_single_eq_union
1120 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: some theorems have been changed
1121 to use add_mset instead of single:
1124 multi_self_add_other_not_self
1125 diff_single_eq_union
1126 union_single_eq_diff
1127 union_single_eq_member
1132 multiset_add_sub_el_shuffle
1133 mset_subset_eq_insertD
1135 insert_subset_eq_iff
1136 insert_union_subset_iff
1137 multi_psub_of_add_self
1146 size_eq_Suc_imp_eq_union
1147 multi_nonempty_split
1152 mset_zip_take_Cons_drop_twice
1158 le_multiset_right_total
1160 multiset_induct2_size
1164 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: the definitions of some
1165 constants have changed to use add_mset instead of adding a single
1178 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: due to the above changes, the
1179 attributes of some multiset theorems have been changed:
1181 insert_DiffM [] ~> [simp]
1182 insert_DiffM2 [simp] ~> []
1183 diff_add_mset_swap [simp]
1184 fold_mset_add_mset [simp]
1185 diff_diff_add [simp] (for multisets only)
1186 diff_cancel [simp] ~> []
1187 count_single [simp] ~> []
1188 set_mset_single [simp] ~> []
1189 size_multiset_single [simp] ~> []
1190 size_single [simp] ~> []
1191 image_mset_single [simp] ~> []
1192 mset_subset_eq_mono_add_right_cancel [simp] ~> []
1193 mset_subset_eq_mono_add_left_cancel [simp] ~> []
1194 fold_mset_single [simp] ~> []
1195 subset_eq_empty [simp] ~> []
1196 empty_sup [simp] ~> []
1197 sup_empty [simp] ~> []
1198 inter_empty [simp] ~> []
1199 empty_inter [simp] ~> []
1202 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: the order of the variables in
1203 the second cases of multiset_induct, multiset_induct2_size,
1204 multiset_induct2 has been changed (e.g. Add A a ~> Add a A).
1207 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: there is now a simplification
1208 procedure on multisets. It mimics the behavior of the procedure on
1209 natural numbers. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1211 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: renamed sums and products of
1215 msetprod ~> prod_mset
1217 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: the notation for intersection
1218 and union of multisets have been changed:
1220 #\<inter> ~> \<inter>#
1221 #\<union> ~> \<union>#
1225 * Session HOL-Library, theory Multiset: the lemma
1226 one_step_implies_mult_aux on multisets has been removed, use
1227 one_step_implies_mult instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1229 * Session HOL-Library: theory Complete_Partial_Order2 provides reasoning
1230 support for monotonicity and continuity in chain-complete partial orders
1231 and about admissibility conditions for fixpoint inductions.
1233 * Session HOL-Library: theory Library/Polynomial contains also
1234 derivation of polynomials (formerly in Library/Poly_Deriv) but not
1235 gcd/lcm on polynomials over fields. This has been moved to a separate
1236 theory Library/Polynomial_GCD_euclidean.thy, to pave way for a possible
1237 future different type class instantiation for polynomials over factorial
1238 rings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1240 * Session HOL-Library: theory Sublist provides function "prefixes" with
1241 the following renaming
1244 prefix -> strict_prefix
1246 suffix -> strict_suffix
1248 Added theory of longest common prefixes.
1250 * Session HOL-Number_Theory: algebraic foundation for primes:
1251 Generalisation of predicate "prime" and introduction of predicates
1252 "prime_elem", "irreducible", a "prime_factorization" function, and the
1253 "factorial_ring" typeclass with instance proofs for nat, int, poly. Some
1254 theorems now have different names, most notably "prime_def" is now
1255 "prime_nat_iff". INCOMPATIBILITY.
1257 * Session Old_Number_Theory has been removed, after porting remaining
1260 * Session HOL-Types_To_Sets provides an experimental extension of
1261 Higher-Order Logic to allow translation of types to sets.
1266 * Integer.gcd and Integer.lcm use efficient operations from the Poly/ML
1267 library (notably for big integers). Subtle change of semantics:
1268 Integer.gcd and Integer.lcm both normalize the sign, results are never
1269 negative. This coincides with the definitions in HOL/GCD.thy.
1272 * Structure Rat for rational numbers is now an integral part of
1273 Isabelle/ML, with special notation @int/nat or @int for numerals (an
1274 abbreviation for antiquotation @{Pure.rat argument}) and ML pretty
1275 printing. Standard operations on type Rat.rat are provided via ad-hoc
1276 overloading of + - * / < <= > >= ~ abs. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to
1277 use + instead of +/ etc. Moreover, exception Rat.DIVZERO has been
1278 superseded by General.Div.
1280 * ML antiquotation @{path} is superseded by @{file}, which ensures that
1281 the argument is a plain file. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1283 * Antiquotation @{make_string} is available during Pure bootstrap --
1284 with approximative output quality.
1286 * Low-level ML system structures (like PolyML and RunCall) are no longer
1287 exposed to Isabelle/ML user-space. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
1289 * The ML function "ML" provides easy access to run-time compilation.
1290 This is particularly useful for conditional compilation, without
1291 requiring separate files.
1293 * Option ML_exception_debugger controls detailed exception trace via the
1294 Poly/ML debugger. Relevant ML modules need to be compiled beforehand
1295 with ML_file_debug, or with ML_file and option ML_debugger enabled. Note
1296 debugger information requires consirable time and space: main
1297 Isabelle/HOL with full debugger support may need ML_system_64.
1299 * Local_Theory.restore has been renamed to Local_Theory.reset to
1300 emphasize its disruptive impact on the cumulative context, notably the
1301 scope of 'private' or 'qualified' names. Note that Local_Theory.reset is
1302 only appropriate when targets are managed, e.g. starting from a global
1303 theory and returning to it. Regular definitional packages should use
1304 balanced blocks of Local_Theory.open_target versus
1305 Local_Theory.close_target instead. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
1307 * Structure TimeLimit (originally from the SML/NJ library) has been
1308 replaced by structure Timeout, with slightly different signature.
1311 * Discontinued cd and pwd operations, which are not well-defined in a
1312 multi-threaded environment. Note that files are usually located
1313 relatively to the master directory of a theory (see also
1314 File.full_path). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
1316 * Binding.empty_atts supersedes Thm.empty_binding and
1317 Attrib.empty_binding. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1322 * SML/NJ and old versions of Poly/ML are no longer supported.
1324 * Poly/ML heaps now follow the hierarchy of sessions, and thus require
1325 much less disk space.
1327 * The Isabelle ML process is now managed directly by Isabelle/Scala, and
1328 shell scripts merely provide optional command-line access. In
1331 . Scala module ML_Process to connect to the raw ML process,
1332 with interaction via stdin/stdout/stderr or in batch mode;
1333 . command-line tool "isabelle console" as interactive wrapper;
1334 . command-line tool "isabelle process" as batch mode wrapper.
1336 * The executable "isabelle_process" has been discontinued. Tools and
1337 prover front-ends should use ML_Process or Isabelle_Process in
1338 Isabelle/Scala. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1340 * New command-line tool "isabelle process" supports ML evaluation of
1341 literal expressions (option -e) or files (option -f) in the context of a
1342 given heap image. Errors lead to premature exit of the ML process with
1345 * The command-line tool "isabelle build" supports option -N for cyclic
1346 shuffling of NUMA CPU nodes. This may help performance tuning on Linux
1347 servers with separate CPU/memory modules.
1349 * System option "threads" (for the size of the Isabelle/ML thread farm)
1350 is also passed to the underlying ML runtime system as --gcthreads,
1351 unless there is already a default provided via ML_OPTIONS settings.
1353 * System option "checkpoint" helps to fine-tune the global heap space
1354 management of isabelle build. This is relevant for big sessions that may
1355 exhaust the small 32-bit address space of the ML process (which is used
1358 * System option "profiling" specifies the mode for global ML profiling
1359 in "isabelle build". Possible values are "time", "allocations". The
1360 command-line tool "isabelle profiling_report" helps to digest the
1361 resulting log files.
1363 * System option "ML_process_policy" specifies an optional command prefix
1364 for the underlying ML process, e.g. to control CPU affinity on
1365 multiprocessor systems. The "isabelle jedit" tool allows to override the
1366 implicit default via option -p.
1368 * Command-line tool "isabelle console" provides option -r to help to
1369 bootstrapping Isabelle/Pure interactively.
1371 * Command-line tool "isabelle yxml" has been discontinued.
1372 INCOMPATIBILITY, use operations from the modules "XML" and "YXML" in
1373 Isabelle/ML or Isabelle/Scala.
1375 * Many Isabelle tools that require a Java runtime system refer to the
1376 settings ISABELLE_TOOL_JAVA_OPTIONS32 / ISABELLE_TOOL_JAVA_OPTIONS64,
1377 depending on the underlying platform. The settings for "isabelle build"
1378 ISABELLE_BUILD_JAVA_OPTIONS32 / ISABELLE_BUILD_JAVA_OPTIONS64 have been
1379 discontinued. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
1381 * The Isabelle system environment always ensures that the main
1382 executables are found within the shell search $PATH: "isabelle" and
1383 "isabelle_scala_script".
1385 * Isabelle tools may consist of .scala files: the Scala compiler is
1386 invoked on the spot. The source needs to define some object that extends
1389 * File.bash_string, File.bash_path etc. represent Isabelle/ML and
1390 Isabelle/Scala strings authentically within GNU bash. This is useful to
1391 produce robust shell scripts under program control, without worrying
1392 about spaces or special characters. Note that user output works via
1393 Path.print (ML) or Path.toString (Scala). INCOMPATIBILITY, the old (and
1394 less versatile) operations File.shell_quote, File.shell_path etc. have
1397 * The isabelle_java executable allows to run a Java process within the
1398 name space of Java and Scala components that are bundled with Isabelle,
1399 but without the Isabelle settings environment.
1401 * Isabelle/Scala: the SSH module supports ssh and sftp connections, for
1402 remote command-execution and file-system access. This resembles
1403 operations from module File and Isabelle_System to some extent. Note
1404 that Path specifications need to be resolved remotely via
1405 ssh.remote_path instead of File.standard_path: the implicit process
1406 environment is different, Isabelle settings are not available remotely.
1408 * Isabelle/Scala: the Mercurial module supports repositories via the
1409 regular hg command-line interface. The repositroy clone and working
1410 directory may reside on a local or remote file-system (via ssh
1415 New in Isabelle2016 (February 2016)
1416 -----------------------------------
1420 * Eisbach is now based on Pure instead of HOL. Objects-logics may import
1421 either the theory ~~/src/HOL/Eisbach/Eisbach (for HOL etc.) or
1422 ~~/src/HOL/Eisbach/Eisbach_Old_Appl_Syntax (for FOL, ZF etc.). Note that
1423 the HOL-Eisbach session located in ~~/src/HOL/Eisbach/ contains further
1424 examples that do require HOL.
1426 * Better resource usage on all platforms (Linux, Windows, Mac OS X) for
1427 both Isabelle/ML and Isabelle/Scala. Slightly reduced heap space usage.
1429 * Former "xsymbols" syntax with Isabelle symbols is used by default,
1430 without any special print mode. Important ASCII replacement syntax
1431 remains available under print mode "ASCII", but less important syntax
1432 has been removed (see below).
1434 * Support for more arrow symbols, with rendering in LaTeX and Isabelle
1435 fonts: \<Lleftarrow> \<Rrightarrow> \<longlongleftarrow> \<longlongrightarrow> \<longlonglongleftarrow> \<longlonglongrightarrow>.
1437 * Special notation \<struct> for the first implicit 'structure' in the
1438 context has been discontinued. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY, use explicit
1439 structure name instead, notably in indexed notation with block-subscript
1440 (e.g. \<odot>\<^bsub>A\<^esub>).
1442 * The glyph for \<diamond> in the IsabelleText font now corresponds better to its
1443 counterpart \<box> as quantifier-like symbol. A small diamond is available as
1444 \<diamondop>; the old symbol \<struct> loses this rendering and any special
1447 * Syntax for formal comments "-- text" now also supports the symbolic
1448 form "\<comment> text". Command-line tool "isabelle update_cartouches -c" helps
1449 to update old sources.
1451 * Toplevel theorem statements have been simplified as follows:
1454 schematic_lemma ~> schematic_goal
1455 schematic_theorem ~> schematic_goal
1456 schematic_corollary ~> schematic_goal
1458 Command-line tool "isabelle update_theorems" updates theory sources
1461 * Toplevel theorem statement 'proposition' is another alias for
1464 * The old 'defs' command has been removed (legacy since Isabelle2014).
1465 INCOMPATIBILITY, use regular 'definition' instead. Overloaded and/or
1466 deferred definitions require a surrounding 'overloading' block.
1469 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
1471 * IDE support for the source-level debugger of Poly/ML, to work with
1472 Isabelle/ML and official Standard ML. Option "ML_debugger" and commands
1473 'ML_file_debug', 'ML_file_no_debug', 'SML_file_debug',
1474 'SML_file_no_debug' control compilation of sources with or without
1475 debugging information. The Debugger panel allows to set breakpoints (via
1476 context menu), step through stopped threads, evaluate local ML
1477 expressions etc. At least one Debugger view needs to be active to have
1478 any effect on the running ML program.
1480 * The State panel manages explicit proof state output, with dynamic
1481 auto-update according to cursor movement. Alternatively, the jEdit
1482 action "isabelle.update-state" (shortcut S+ENTER) triggers manual
1485 * The Output panel no longer shows proof state output by default, to
1486 avoid GUI overcrowding. INCOMPATIBILITY, use the State panel instead or
1487 enable option "editor_output_state".
1489 * The text overview column (status of errors, warnings etc.) is updated
1490 asynchronously, leading to much better editor reactivity. Moreover, the
1491 full document node content is taken into account. The width of the
1492 column is scaled according to the main text area font, for improved
1495 * The main text area no longer changes its color hue in outdated
1496 situations. The text overview column takes over the role to indicate
1497 unfinished edits in the PIDE pipeline. This avoids flashing text display
1498 due to ad-hoc updates by auxiliary GUI components, such as the State
1501 * Slightly improved scheduling for urgent print tasks (e.g. command
1502 state output, interactive queries) wrt. long-running background tasks.
1504 * Completion of symbols via prefix of \<name> or \<^name> or \name is
1505 always possible, independently of the language context. It is never
1506 implicit: a popup will show up unconditionally.
1508 * Additional abbreviations for syntactic completion may be specified in
1509 $ISABELLE_HOME/etc/abbrevs and $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/abbrevs, with
1510 support for simple templates using ASCII 007 (bell) as placeholder.
1512 * Symbols \<oplus>, \<Oplus>, \<otimes>, \<Otimes>, \<odot>, \<Odot>, \<ominus>, \<oslash> no longer provide abbreviations for
1513 completion like "+o", "*o", ".o" etc. -- due to conflicts with other
1514 ASCII syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY, use plain backslash-completion or define
1515 suitable abbreviations in $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/abbrevs.
1517 * Action "isabelle-emph" (with keyboard shortcut C+e LEFT) controls
1518 emphasized text style; the effect is visible in document output, not in
1521 * Action "isabelle-reset" now uses keyboard shortcut C+e BACK_SPACE,
1522 instead of former C+e LEFT.
1524 * The command-line tool "isabelle jedit" and the isabelle.Main
1525 application wrapper treat the default $USER_HOME/Scratch.thy more
1526 uniformly, and allow the dummy file argument ":" to open an empty buffer
1529 * New command-line tool "isabelle jedit_client" allows to connect to an
1530 already running Isabelle/jEdit process. This achieves the effect of
1531 single-instance applications seen on common GUI desktops.
1533 * The default look-and-feel for Linux is the traditional "Metal", which
1534 works better with GUI scaling for very high-resolution displays (e.g.
1535 4K). Moreover, it is generally more robust than "Nimbus".
1537 * Update to jedit-5.3.0, with improved GUI scaling and support of
1538 high-resolution displays (e.g. 4K).
1540 * The main Isabelle executable is managed as single-instance Desktop
1541 application uniformly on all platforms: Linux, Windows, Mac OS X.
1544 *** Document preparation ***
1546 * Commands 'paragraph' and 'subparagraph' provide additional section
1547 headings. Thus there are 6 levels of standard headings, as in HTML.
1549 * Command 'text_raw' has been clarified: input text is processed as in
1550 'text' (with antiquotations and control symbols). The key difference is
1551 the lack of the surrounding isabelle markup environment in output.
1553 * Text is structured in paragraphs and nested lists, using notation that
1554 is similar to Markdown. The control symbols for list items are as
1559 \<^descr> description
1561 * There is a new short form for antiquotations with a single argument
1562 that is a cartouche: \<^name>\<open>...\<close> is equivalent to @{name \<open>...\<close>} and
1563 \<open>...\<close> without control symbol is equivalent to @{cartouche \<open>...\<close>}.
1564 \<^name> without following cartouche is equivalent to @{name}. The
1565 standard Isabelle fonts provide glyphs to render important control
1566 symbols, e.g. "\<^verbatim>", "\<^emph>", "\<^bold>".
1568 * Antiquotations @{noindent}, @{smallskip}, @{medskip}, @{bigskip} with
1569 corresponding control symbols \<^noindent>, \<^smallskip>, \<^medskip>, \<^bigskip> specify spacing formally, using
1570 standard LaTeX macros of the same names.
1572 * Antiquotation @{cartouche} in Isabelle/Pure is the same as @{text}.
1573 Consequently, \<open>...\<close> without any decoration prints literal quasi-formal
1574 text. Command-line tool "isabelle update_cartouches -t" helps to update
1575 old sources, by approximative patching of the content of string and
1576 cartouche tokens seen in theory sources.
1578 * The @{text} antiquotation now ignores the antiquotation option
1579 "source". The given text content is output unconditionally, without any
1580 surrounding quotes etc. Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY, put quotes into the
1581 argument where they are really intended, e.g. @{text \<open>"foo"\<close>}. Initial
1582 or terminal spaces are ignored.
1584 * Antiquotations @{emph} and @{bold} output LaTeX source recursively,
1585 adding appropriate text style markup. These may be used in the short
1586 form \<^emph>\<open>...\<close> and \<^bold>\<open>...\<close>.
1588 * Document antiquotation @{footnote} outputs LaTeX source recursively,
1589 marked as \footnote{}. This may be used in the short form \<^footnote>\<open>...\<close>.
1591 * Antiquotation @{verbatim [display]} supports option "indent".
1593 * Antiquotation @{theory_text} prints uninterpreted theory source text
1594 (Isar outer syntax with command keywords etc.). This may be used in the
1595 short form \<^theory_text>\<open>...\<close>. @{theory_text [display]} supports option "indent".
1597 * Antiquotation @{doc ENTRY} provides a reference to the given
1598 documentation, with a hyperlink in the Prover IDE.
1600 * Antiquotations @{command}, @{method}, @{attribute} print checked
1601 entities of the Isar language.
1603 * HTML presentation uses the standard IsabelleText font and Unicode
1604 rendering of Isabelle symbols like Isabelle/Scala/jEdit. The former
1605 print mode "HTML" loses its special meaning.
1610 * Local goals ('have', 'show', 'hence', 'thus') allow structured rule
1611 statements like fixes/assumes/shows in theorem specifications, but the
1612 notation is postfix with keywords 'if' (or 'when') and 'for'. For
1615 have result: "C x y"
1617 for x :: 'a and y :: 'a
1620 The local assumptions are bound to the name "that". The result is
1621 exported from context of the statement as usual. The above roughly
1622 corresponds to a raw proof block like this:
1625 fix x :: 'a and y :: 'a
1626 assume that: "A x" "B y"
1627 have "C x y" <proof>
1631 The keyword 'when' may be used instead of 'if', to indicate 'presume'
1632 instead of 'assume' above.
1634 * Assumptions ('assume', 'presume') allow structured rule statements
1635 using 'if' and 'for', similar to 'have' etc. above. For example:
1637 assume result: "C x y"
1639 for x :: 'a and y :: 'a
1641 This assumes "\<And>x y::'a. A x \<Longrightarrow> B y \<Longrightarrow> C x y" and produces a general
1642 result as usual: "A ?x \<Longrightarrow> B ?y \<Longrightarrow> C ?x ?y".
1644 Vacuous quantification in assumptions is omitted, i.e. a for-context
1645 only effects propositions according to actual use of variables. For
1648 assume "A x" and "B y" for x and y
1652 assume "\<And>x. A x" and "\<And>y. B y"
1654 * The meaning of 'show' with Pure rule statements has changed: premises
1655 are treated in the sense of 'assume', instead of 'presume'. This means,
1656 a goal like "\<And>x. A x \<Longrightarrow> B x \<Longrightarrow> C x" can be solved completely as
1659 show "\<And>x. A x \<Longrightarrow> B x \<Longrightarrow> C x"
1663 show "C x" if "A x" "B x" for x
1665 Rare INCOMPATIBILITY, the old behaviour may be recovered as follows:
1667 show "C x" when "A x" "B x" for x
1669 * New command 'consider' states rules for generalized elimination and
1670 case splitting. This is like a toplevel statement "theorem obtains" used
1671 within a proof body; or like a multi-branch 'obtain' without activation
1672 of the local context elements yet.
1674 * Proof method "cases" allows to specify the rule as first entry of
1675 chained facts. This is particularly useful with 'consider':
1677 consider (a) A | (b) B | (c) C <proof>
1681 then show ?thesis <proof>
1684 then show ?thesis <proof>
1687 then show ?thesis <proof>
1690 * Command 'case' allows fact name and attribute specification like this:
1693 case a [attributes]: (c xs)
1695 Facts that are introduced by invoking the case context are uniformly
1696 qualified by "a"; the same name is used for the cumulative fact. The old
1697 form "case (c xs) [attributes]" is no longer supported. Rare
1698 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt uses of case facts in exotic situations,
1699 and always put attributes in front.
1701 * The standard proof method of commands 'proof' and '..' is now called
1702 "standard" to make semantically clear what it is; the old name "default"
1703 is still available as legacy for some time. Documentation now explains
1704 '..' more accurately as "by standard" instead of "by rule".
1706 * Nesting of Isar goal structure has been clarified: the context after
1707 the initial backwards refinement is retained for the whole proof, within
1708 all its context sections (as indicated via 'next'). This is e.g.
1709 relevant for 'using', 'including', 'supply':
1711 have "A \<and> A" if a: A for A
1719 * Command 'obtain' binds term abbreviations (via 'is' patterns) in the
1720 proof body as well, abstracted over relevant parameters.
1722 * Improved type-inference for theorem statement 'obtains': separate
1723 parameter scope for of each clause.
1725 * Term abbreviations via 'is' patterns also work for schematic
1726 statements: result is abstracted over unknowns.
1728 * Command 'subgoal' allows to impose some structure on backward
1729 refinements, to avoid proof scripts degenerating into long of 'apply'
1730 sequences. Further explanations and examples are given in the isar-ref
1733 * Command 'supply' supports fact definitions during goal refinement
1736 * Proof method "goal_cases" turns the current subgoals into cases within
1737 the context; the conclusion is bound to variable ?case in each case. For
1740 lemma "\<And>x. A x \<Longrightarrow> B x \<Longrightarrow> C x"
1741 and "\<And>y z. U y \<Longrightarrow> V z \<Longrightarrow> W y z"
1744 then show ?case using \<open>A x\<close> \<open>B x\<close> sorry
1747 then show ?case using \<open>U y\<close> \<open>V z\<close> sorry
1750 lemma "\<And>x. A x \<Longrightarrow> B x \<Longrightarrow> C x"
1751 and "\<And>y z. U y \<Longrightarrow> V z \<Longrightarrow> W y z"
1754 then show ?case using prems sorry
1757 then show ?case using prems sorry
1760 * The undocumented feature of implicit cases goal1, goal2, goal3, etc.
1761 is marked as legacy, and will be removed eventually. The proof method
1762 "goals" achieves a similar effect within regular Isar; often it can be
1763 done more adequately by other means (e.g. 'consider').
1765 * The vacuous fact "TERM x" may be established "by fact" or as `TERM x`
1766 as well, not just "by this" or "." as before.
1768 * Method "sleep" succeeds after a real-time delay (in seconds). This is
1769 occasionally useful for demonstration and testing purposes.
1774 * Qualifiers in locale expressions default to mandatory ('!') regardless
1775 of the command. Previously, for 'locale' and 'sublocale' the default was
1776 optional ('?'). The old synatx '!' has been discontinued.
1777 INCOMPATIBILITY, remove '!' and add '?' as required.
1779 * Keyword 'rewrites' identifies rewrite morphisms in interpretation
1780 commands. Previously, the keyword was 'where'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1782 * More gentle suppression of syntax along locale morphisms while
1783 printing terms. Previously 'abbreviation' and 'notation' declarations
1784 would be suppressed for morphisms except term identity. Now
1785 'abbreviation' is also kept for morphims that only change the involved
1786 parameters, and only 'notation' is suppressed. This can be of great help
1787 when working with complex locale hierarchies, because proof states are
1788 displayed much more succinctly. It also means that only notation needs
1789 to be redeclared if desired, as illustrated by this example:
1791 locale struct = fixes composition :: "'a => 'a => 'a" (infixl "\<cdot>" 65)
1793 definition derived (infixl "\<odot>" 65) where ...
1797 left: struct composition + right: struct composition'
1798 for composition (infix "\<cdot>" 65) and composition' (infix "\<cdot>''" 65)
1800 notation right.derived ("\<odot>''")
1803 * Command 'global_interpretation' issues interpretations into global
1804 theories, with optional rewrite definitions following keyword 'defines'.
1806 * Command 'sublocale' accepts optional rewrite definitions after keyword
1809 * Command 'permanent_interpretation' has been discontinued. Use
1810 'global_interpretation' or 'sublocale' instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1812 * Command 'print_definitions' prints dependencies of definitional
1813 specifications. This functionality used to be part of 'print_theory'.
1815 * Configuration option rule_insts_schematic has been discontinued
1816 (intermediate legacy feature in Isabelle2015). INCOMPATIBILITY.
1818 * Abbreviations in type classes now carry proper sort constraint. Rare
1819 INCOMPATIBILITY in situations where the previous misbehaviour has been
1822 * Refinement of user-space type system in type classes: pseudo-local
1823 operations behave more similar to abbreviations. Potential
1824 INCOMPATIBILITY in exotic situations.
1829 * The 'typedef' command has been upgraded from a partially checked
1830 "axiomatization", to a full definitional specification that takes the
1831 global collection of overloaded constant / type definitions into
1832 account. Type definitions with open dependencies on overloaded
1833 definitions need to be specified as "typedef (overloaded)". This
1834 provides extra robustness in theory construction. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
1836 * Qualification of various formal entities in the libraries is done more
1837 uniformly via "context begin qualified definition ... end" instead of
1838 old-style "hide_const (open) ...". Consequently, both the defined
1839 constant and its defining fact become qualified, e.g. Option.is_none and
1840 Option.is_none_def. Occasional INCOMPATIBILITY in applications.
1842 * Some old and rarely used ASCII replacement syntax has been removed.
1843 INCOMPATIBILITY, standard syntax with symbols should be used instead.
1844 The subsequent commands help to reproduce the old forms, e.g. to
1845 simplify porting old theories:
1847 notation iff (infixr "<->" 25)
1849 notation Times (infixr "<*>" 80)
1851 type_notation Map.map (infixr "~=>" 0)
1852 notation Map.map_comp (infixl "o'_m" 55)
1854 type_notation FinFun.finfun ("(_ =>f /_)" [22, 21] 21)
1856 notation FuncSet.funcset (infixr "->" 60)
1857 notation FuncSet.extensional_funcset (infixr "->\<^sub>E" 60)
1859 notation Omega_Words_Fun.conc (infixr "conc" 65)
1861 notation Preorder.equiv ("op ~~")
1862 and Preorder.equiv ("(_/ ~~ _)" [51, 51] 50)
1864 notation (in topological_space) tendsto (infixr "--->" 55)
1865 notation (in topological_space) LIMSEQ ("((_)/ ----> (_))" [60, 60] 60)
1866 notation LIM ("((_)/ -- (_)/ --> (_))" [60, 0, 60] 60)
1868 notation NSA.approx (infixl "@=" 50)
1869 notation NSLIMSEQ ("((_)/ ----NS> (_))" [60, 60] 60)
1870 notation NSLIM ("((_)/ -- (_)/ --NS> (_))" [60, 0, 60] 60)
1872 * The alternative notation "\<Colon>" for type and sort constraints has been
1873 removed: in LaTeX document output it looks the same as "::".
1874 INCOMPATIBILITY, use plain "::" instead.
1876 * Commands 'inductive' and 'inductive_set' work better when names for
1877 intro rules are omitted: the "cases" and "induct" rules no longer
1878 declare empty case_names, but no case_names at all. This allows to use
1879 numbered cases in proofs, without requiring method "goal_cases".
1881 * Inductive definitions ('inductive', 'coinductive', etc.) expose
1882 low-level facts of the internal construction only if the option
1883 "inductive_internals" is enabled. This refers to the internal predicate
1884 definition and its monotonicity result. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
1886 * Recursive function definitions ('fun', 'function', 'partial_function')
1887 expose low-level facts of the internal construction only if the option
1888 "function_internals" is enabled. Its internal inductive definition is
1889 also subject to "inductive_internals". Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
1891 * BNF datatypes ('datatype', 'codatatype', etc.) expose low-level facts
1892 of the internal construction only if the option "bnf_internals" is
1893 enabled. This supersedes the former option "bnf_note_all". Rare
1896 * Combinator to represent case distinction on products is named
1897 "case_prod", uniformly, discontinuing any input aliasses. Very popular
1898 theorem aliasses have been retained.
1901 PairE ~> prod.exhaust
1902 Pair_eq ~> prod.inject
1903 pair_collapse ~> prod.collapse
1904 Pair_fst_snd_eq ~> prod_eq_iff
1905 split_twice ~> prod.case_distrib
1906 split_weak_cong ~> prod.case_cong_weak
1907 split_split ~> prod.split
1908 split_split_asm ~> prod.split_asm
1909 splitI ~> case_prodI
1910 splitD ~> case_prodD
1911 splitI2 ~> case_prodI2
1912 splitI2' ~> case_prodI2'
1913 splitE ~> case_prodE
1914 splitE' ~> case_prodE'
1915 split_pair ~> case_prod_Pair
1916 split_eta ~> case_prod_eta
1917 split_comp ~> case_prod_comp
1918 mem_splitI ~> mem_case_prodI
1919 mem_splitI2 ~> mem_case_prodI2
1920 mem_splitE ~> mem_case_prodE
1921 The_split ~> The_case_prod
1922 cond_split_eta ~> cond_case_prod_eta
1923 Collect_split_in_rel_leE ~> Collect_case_prod_in_rel_leE
1924 Collect_split_in_rel_leI ~> Collect_case_prod_in_rel_leI
1925 in_rel_Collect_split_eq ~> in_rel_Collect_case_prod_eq
1926 Collect_split_Grp_eqD ~> Collect_case_prod_Grp_eqD
1927 Collect_split_Grp_inD ~> Collect_case_prod_Grp_in
1928 Domain_Collect_split ~> Domain_Collect_case_prod
1929 Image_Collect_split ~> Image_Collect_case_prod
1930 Range_Collect_split ~> Range_Collect_case_prod
1931 Eps_split ~> Eps_case_prod
1932 Eps_split_eq ~> Eps_case_prod_eq
1933 split_rsp ~> case_prod_rsp
1934 curry_split ~> curry_case_prod
1935 split_curry ~> case_prod_curry
1937 Changes in structure HOLogic:
1938 split_const ~> case_prod_const
1939 mk_split ~> mk_case_prod
1940 mk_psplits ~> mk_ptupleabs
1941 strip_psplits ~> strip_ptupleabs
1945 * The coercions to type 'real' have been reorganised. The function
1946 'real' is no longer overloaded, but has type 'nat => real' and
1947 abbreviates of_nat for that type. Also 'real_of_int :: int => real'
1948 abbreviates of_int for that type. Other overloaded instances of 'real'
1949 have been replaced by 'real_of_ereal' and 'real_of_float'.
1951 Consolidated facts (among others):
1952 real_of_nat_le_iff -> of_nat_le_iff
1953 real_of_nat_numeral of_nat_numeral
1954 real_of_int_zero of_int_0
1955 real_of_nat_zero of_nat_0
1956 real_of_one of_int_1
1957 real_of_int_add of_int_add
1958 real_of_nat_add of_nat_add
1959 real_of_int_diff of_int_diff
1960 real_of_nat_diff of_nat_diff
1961 floor_subtract floor_diff_of_int
1962 real_of_int_inject of_int_eq_iff
1963 real_of_int_gt_zero_cancel_iff of_int_0_less_iff
1964 real_of_int_ge_zero_cancel_iff of_int_0_le_iff
1965 real_of_nat_ge_zero of_nat_0_le_iff
1966 real_of_int_ceiling_ge le_of_int_ceiling
1967 ceiling_less_eq ceiling_less_iff
1968 ceiling_le_eq ceiling_le_iff
1969 less_floor_eq less_floor_iff
1970 floor_less_eq floor_less_iff
1971 floor_divide_eq_div floor_divide_of_int_eq
1972 real_of_int_zero_cancel of_nat_eq_0_iff
1973 ceiling_real_of_int ceiling_of_int
1977 * Theory Map: lemma map_of_is_SomeD was a clone of map_of_SomeD and has
1978 been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1980 * Quickcheck setup for finite sets.
1982 * Discontinued simp_legacy_precond. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
1985 - The MaSh relevance filter has been sped up.
1986 - Proof reconstruction has been improved, to minimize the incidence of
1987 cases where Sledgehammer gives a proof that does not work.
1988 - Auto Sledgehammer now minimizes and preplays the results.
1989 - Handle Vampire 4.0 proof output without raising exception.
1990 - Eliminated "MASH" environment variable. Use the "MaSh" option in
1991 Isabelle/jEdit instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1992 - Eliminated obsolete "blocking" option and related subcommands.
1995 - Fixed soundness bug in translation of "finite" predicate.
1996 - Fixed soundness bug in "destroy_constrs" optimization.
1997 - Fixed soundness bug in translation of "rat" type.
1998 - Removed "check_potential" and "check_genuine" options.
1999 - Eliminated obsolete "blocking" option.
2001 * (Co)datatype package:
2002 - New commands "lift_bnf" and "copy_bnf" for lifting (copying) a BNF
2003 structure on the raw type to an abstract type defined using typedef.
2004 - Always generate "case_transfer" theorem.
2005 - For mutual types, generate slightly stronger "rel_induct",
2006 "rel_coinduct", and "coinduct" theorems. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2007 - Allow discriminators and selectors with the same name as the type
2009 - Avoid various internal name clashes (e.g., 'datatype f = f').
2011 * Transfer: new methods for interactive debugging of 'transfer' and
2012 'transfer_prover': 'transfer_start', 'transfer_step', 'transfer_end',
2013 'transfer_prover_start' and 'transfer_prover_end'.
2015 * New diagnostic command print_record for displaying record definitions.
2017 * Division on integers is bootstrapped directly from division on
2018 naturals and uses generic numeral algorithm for computations. Slight
2019 INCOMPATIBILITY, simproc numeral_divmod replaces and generalizes former
2020 simprocs binary_int_div and binary_int_mod
2022 * Tightened specification of class semiring_no_zero_divisors. Minor
2025 * Class algebraic_semidom introduces common algebraic notions of
2026 integral (semi)domains, particularly units. Although logically subsumed
2027 by fields, is is not a super class of these in order not to burden
2028 fields with notions that are trivial there.
2030 * Class normalization_semidom specifies canonical representants for
2031 equivalence classes of associated elements in an integral (semi)domain.
2032 This formalizes associated elements as well.
2034 * Abstract specification of gcd/lcm operations in classes semiring_gcd,
2035 semiring_Gcd, semiring_Lcd. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: facts gcd_nat.commute
2036 and gcd_int.commute are subsumed by gcd.commute, as well as
2037 gcd_nat.assoc and gcd_int.assoc by gcd.assoc.
2039 * Former constants Fields.divide (_ / _) and Divides.div (_ div _) are
2040 logically unified to Rings.divide in syntactic type class Rings.divide,
2041 with infix syntax (_ div _). Infix syntax (_ / _) for field division is
2042 added later as abbreviation in class Fields.inverse. INCOMPATIBILITY,
2043 instantiations must refer to Rings.divide rather than the former
2044 separate constants, hence infix syntax (_ / _) is usually not available
2045 during instantiation.
2047 * New cancellation simprocs for boolean algebras to cancel complementary
2048 terms for sup and inf. For example, "sup x (sup y (- x))" simplifies to
2049 "top". INCOMPATIBILITY.
2051 * Class uniform_space introduces uniform spaces btw topological spaces
2052 and metric spaces. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: open_<type>_def needs to be
2053 introduced in the form of an uniformity. Some constants are more general
2054 now, it may be necessary to add type class constraints.
2056 open_real_def \<leadsto> open_dist
2057 open_complex_def \<leadsto> open_dist
2059 * Library/Monad_Syntax: notation uses symbols \<bind> and \<then>. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2062 - Renamed multiset inclusion operators:
2070 - Added multiset inclusion operator syntax:
2075 - "'a multiset" is no longer an instance of the "order",
2076 "ordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le", "ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_diff",
2077 "semilattice_inf", and "semilattice_sup" type classes. The theorems
2078 previously provided by these type classes (directly or indirectly)
2079 are now available through the "subset_mset" interpretation
2080 (e.g. add_mono ~> subset_mset.add_mono).
2082 - Renamed conversions:
2084 multiset_of_set ~> mset_set
2088 mset_le_def ~> subseteq_mset_def
2089 mset_less_def ~> subset_mset_def
2090 less_eq_multiset.rep_eq ~> subseteq_mset_def
2092 - Removed lemmas generated by lift_definition:
2093 less_eq_multiset.abs_eq, less_eq_multiset.rsp,
2094 less_eq_multiset.transfer, less_eq_multiset_def
2097 * Library/Omega_Words_Fun: Infinite words modeled as functions nat \<Rightarrow> 'a.
2099 * Library/Bourbaki_Witt_Fixpoint: Added formalisation of the
2100 Bourbaki-Witt fixpoint theorem for increasing functions in
2101 chain-complete partial orders.
2103 * Library/Old_Recdef: discontinued obsolete 'defer_recdef' command.
2104 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use 'function' instead.
2106 * Library/Periodic_Fun: a locale that provides convenient lemmas for
2109 * Library/Formal_Power_Series: proper definition of division (with
2110 remainder) for formal power series; instances for Euclidean Ring and
2113 * HOL-Imperative_HOL: obsolete theory Legacy_Mrec has been removed.
2115 * HOL-Statespace: command 'statespace' uses mandatory qualifier for
2116 import of parent, as for general 'locale' expressions. INCOMPATIBILITY,
2117 remove '!' and add '?' as required.
2119 * HOL-Decision_Procs: The "approximation" method works with "powr"
2120 (exponentiation on real numbers) again.
2122 * HOL-Multivariate_Analysis: theory Cauchy_Integral_Thm with Contour
2123 integrals (= complex path integrals), Cauchy's integral theorem, winding
2124 numbers and Cauchy's integral formula, Liouville theorem, Fundamental
2125 Theorem of Algebra. Ported from HOL Light.
2127 * HOL-Multivariate_Analysis: topological concepts such as connected
2128 components, homotopic paths and the inside or outside of a set.
2130 * HOL-Multivariate_Analysis: radius of convergence of power series and
2131 various summability tests; Harmonic numbers and the Euler–Mascheroni
2132 constant; the Generalised Binomial Theorem; the complex and real
2133 Gamma/log-Gamma/Digamma/ Polygamma functions and their most important
2136 * HOL-Probability: The central limit theorem based on Levy's uniqueness
2137 and continuity theorems, weak convergence, and characterisitc functions.
2139 * HOL-Data_Structures: new and growing session of standard data
2145 * The following combinators for low-level profiling of the ML runtime
2146 system are available:
2148 profile_time (*CPU time*)
2149 profile_time_thread (*CPU time on this thread*)
2150 profile_allocations (*overall heap allocations*)
2152 * Antiquotation @{undefined} or \<^undefined> inlines (raise Match).
2154 * Antiquotation @{method NAME} inlines the (checked) name of the given
2157 * Pretty printing of Poly/ML compiler output in Isabelle has been
2158 improved: proper treatment of break offsets and blocks with consistent
2161 * The auxiliary module Pure/display.ML has been eliminated. Its
2162 elementary thm print operations are now in Pure/more_thm.ML and thus
2163 called Thm.pretty_thm, Thm.string_of_thm etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2165 * Simproc programming interfaces have been simplified:
2166 Simplifier.make_simproc and Simplifier.define_simproc supersede various
2167 forms of Simplifier.mk_simproc, Simplifier.simproc_global etc. Note that
2168 term patterns for the left-hand sides are specified with implicitly
2169 fixed variables, like top-level theorem statements. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2171 * Instantiation rules have been re-organized as follows:
2173 Thm.instantiate (*low-level instantiation with named arguments*)
2174 Thm.instantiate' (*version with positional arguments*)
2176 Drule.infer_instantiate (*instantiation with type inference*)
2177 Drule.infer_instantiate' (*version with positional arguments*)
2179 The LHS only requires variable specifications, instead of full terms.
2180 Old cterm_instantiate is superseded by infer_instantiate.
2181 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to re-adjust some ML names and types accordingly.
2183 * Old tactic shorthands atac, rtac, etac, dtac, ftac have been
2184 discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY, use regular assume_tac, resolve_tac etc.
2185 instead (with proper context).
2187 * Thm.instantiate (and derivatives) no longer require the LHS of the
2188 instantiation to be certified: plain variables are given directly.
2190 * Subgoal.SUBPROOF and Subgoal.FOCUS combinators use anonymous
2191 quasi-bound variables (like the Simplifier), instead of accidentally
2192 named local fixes. This has the potential to improve stability of proof
2193 tools, but can also cause INCOMPATIBILITY for tools that don't observe
2194 the proof context discipline.
2196 * Isar proof methods are based on a slightly more general type
2197 context_tactic, which allows to change the proof context dynamically
2198 (e.g. to update cases) and indicate explicit Seq.Error results. Former
2199 METHOD_CASES is superseded by CONTEXT_METHOD; further combinators are
2200 provided in src/Pure/Isar/method.ML for convenience. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2205 * Command-line tool "isabelle console" enables print mode "ASCII".
2207 * Command-line tool "isabelle update_then" expands old Isar command
2213 This syntax is more orthogonal and improves readability and
2214 maintainability of proofs.
2216 * Global session timeout is multiplied by timeout_scale factor. This
2217 allows to adjust large-scale tests (e.g. AFP) to overall hardware
2220 * Property values in etc/symbols may contain spaces, if written with the
2221 replacement character "␣" (Unicode point 0x2324). For example:
2223 \<star> code: 0x0022c6 group: operator font: Deja␣Vu␣Sans␣Mono
2225 * Java runtime environment for x86_64-windows allows to use larger heap
2228 * Java runtime options are determined separately for 32bit vs. 64bit
2229 platforms as follows.
2231 - Isabelle desktop application: platform-specific files that are
2232 associated with the main app bundle
2234 - isabelle jedit: settings
2235 JEDIT_JAVA_SYSTEM_OPTIONS
2236 JEDIT_JAVA_OPTIONS32 vs. JEDIT_JAVA_OPTIONS64
2238 - isabelle build: settings
2239 ISABELLE_BUILD_JAVA_OPTIONS32 vs. ISABELLE_BUILD_JAVA_OPTIONS64
2241 * Bash shell function "jvmpath" has been renamed to "platform_path": it
2242 is relevant both for Poly/ML and JVM processes.
2244 * Poly/ML default platform architecture may be changed from 32bit to
2245 64bit via system option ML_system_64. A system restart (and rebuild) is
2246 required after change.
2248 * Poly/ML 5.6 runs natively on x86-windows and x86_64-windows, which
2249 both allow larger heap space than former x86-cygwin.
2251 * Heap images are 10-15% smaller due to less wasteful persistent theory
2252 content (using ML type theory_id instead of theory);
2256 New in Isabelle2015 (May 2015)
2257 ------------------------------
2261 * Local theory specification commands may have a 'private' or
2262 'qualified' modifier to restrict name space accesses to the local scope,
2263 as provided by some "context begin ... end" block. For example:
2268 private definition ...
2271 qualified definition ...
2279 * Command 'experiment' opens an anonymous locale context with private
2282 * Command 'notepad' requires proper nesting of begin/end and its proof
2283 structure in the body: 'oops' is no longer supported here. Minor
2284 INCOMPATIBILITY, use 'sorry' instead.
2286 * Command 'named_theorems' declares a dynamic fact within the context,
2287 together with an attribute to maintain the content incrementally. This
2288 supersedes functor Named_Thms in Isabelle/ML, but with a subtle change
2289 of semantics due to external visual order vs. internal reverse order.
2291 * 'find_theorems': search patterns which are abstractions are
2292 schematically expanded before search. Search results match the naive
2293 expectation more closely, particularly wrt. abbreviations.
2296 * Commands 'method_setup' and 'attribute_setup' now work within a local
2299 * Outer syntax commands are managed authentically within the theory
2300 context, without implicit global state. Potential for accidental
2301 INCOMPATIBILITY, make sure that required theories are really imported.
2303 * Historical command-line terminator ";" is no longer accepted (and
2304 already used differently in Isar). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use "isabelle
2305 update_semicolons" to remove obsolete semicolons from old theory
2308 * Structural composition of proof methods (meth1; meth2) in Isar
2309 corresponds to (tac1 THEN_ALL_NEW tac2) in ML.
2311 * The Eisbach proof method language allows to define new proof methods
2312 by combining existing ones with their usual syntax. The "match" proof
2313 method provides basic fact/term matching in addition to
2314 premise/conclusion matching through Subgoal.focus, and binds fact names
2315 from matches as well as term patterns within matches. The Isabelle
2316 documentation provides an entry "eisbach" for the Eisbach User Manual.
2317 Sources and various examples are in ~~/src/HOL/Eisbach/.
2320 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
2322 * Improved folding mode "isabelle" based on Isar syntax. Alternatively,
2323 the "sidekick" mode may be used for document structure.
2325 * Extended bracket matching based on Isar language structure. System
2326 option jedit_structure_limit determines maximum number of lines to scan
2329 * Support for BibTeX files: context menu, context-sensitive token
2330 marker, SideKick parser.
2332 * Document antiquotation @{cite} provides formal markup, which is
2333 interpreted semi-formally based on .bib files that happen to be open in
2334 the editor (hyperlinks, completion etc.).
2336 * Less waste of vertical space via negative line spacing (see Global
2337 Options / Text Area).
2339 * Improved graphview panel with optional output of PNG or PDF, for
2340 display of 'thy_deps', 'class_deps' etc.
2342 * The commands 'thy_deps' and 'class_deps' allow optional bounds to
2343 restrict the visualized hierarchy.
2345 * Improved scheduling for asynchronous print commands (e.g. provers
2346 managed by the Sledgehammer panel) wrt. ongoing document processing.
2349 *** Document preparation ***
2351 * Document markup commands 'chapter', 'section', 'subsection',
2352 'subsubsection', 'text', 'txt', 'text_raw' work uniformly in any
2353 context, even before the initial 'theory' command. Obsolete proof
2354 commands 'sect', 'subsect', 'subsubsect', 'txt_raw' have been
2355 discontinued, use 'section', 'subsection', 'subsubsection', 'text_raw'
2356 instead. The old 'header' command is still retained for some time, but
2357 should be replaced by 'chapter', 'section' etc. (using "isabelle
2358 update_header"). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2360 * Official support for "tt" style variants, via \isatt{...} or
2361 \begin{isabellett}...\end{isabellett}. The somewhat fragile \verb or
2362 verbatim environment of LaTeX is no longer used. This allows @{ML} etc.
2363 as argument to other macros (such as footnotes).
2365 * Document antiquotation @{verbatim} prints ASCII text literally in "tt"
2368 * Discontinued obsolete option "document_graph": session_graph.pdf is
2369 produced unconditionally for HTML browser_info and PDF-LaTeX document.
2371 * Diagnostic commands and document markup commands within a proof do not
2372 affect the command tag for output. Thus commands like 'thm' are subject
2373 to proof document structure, and no longer "stick out" accidentally.
2374 Commands 'text' and 'txt' merely differ in the LaTeX style, not their
2375 tags. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in exotic situations.
2377 * System option "pretty_margin" is superseded by "thy_output_margin",
2378 which is also accessible via document antiquotation option "margin".
2379 Only the margin for document output may be changed, but not the global
2380 pretty printing: that is 76 for plain console output, and adapted
2381 dynamically in GUI front-ends. Implementations of document
2382 antiquotations need to observe the margin explicitly according to
2383 Thy_Output.string_of_margin. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2385 * Specification of 'document_files' in the session ROOT file is
2386 mandatory for document preparation. The legacy mode with implicit
2387 copying of the document/ directory is no longer supported. Minor
2393 * Proof methods with explicit instantiation ("rule_tac", "subgoal_tac"
2394 etc.) allow an optional context of local variables ('for' declaration):
2395 these variables become schematic in the instantiated theorem; this
2396 behaviour is analogous to 'for' in attributes "where" and "of".
2397 Configuration option rule_insts_schematic (default false) controls use
2398 of schematic variables outside the context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY,
2399 declare rule_insts_schematic = true temporarily and update to use local
2400 variable declarations or dummy patterns instead.
2402 * Explicit instantiation via attributes "where", "of", and proof methods
2403 "rule_tac" with derivatives like "subgoal_tac" etc. admit dummy patterns
2404 ("_") that stand for anonymous local variables.
2406 * Generated schematic variables in standard format of exported facts are
2407 incremented to avoid material in the proof context. Rare
2408 INCOMPATIBILITY, explicit instantiation sometimes needs to refer to
2411 * Lexical separation of signed and unsigned numerals: categories "num"
2412 and "float" are unsigned. INCOMPATIBILITY: subtle change in precedence
2413 of numeral signs, particularly in expressions involving infix syntax
2416 * Old inner token category "xnum" has been discontinued. Potential
2417 INCOMPATIBILITY for exotic syntax: may use mixfix grammar with "num"
2418 token category instead.
2423 * New (co)datatype package:
2424 - The 'datatype_new' command has been renamed 'datatype'. The old
2425 command of that name is now called 'old_datatype' and is provided
2426 by "~~/src/HOL/Library/Old_Datatype.thy". See
2427 'isabelle doc datatypes' for information on porting.
2430 disc_corec ~> corec_disc
2431 disc_corec_iff ~> corec_disc_iff
2432 disc_exclude ~> distinct_disc
2433 disc_exhaust ~> exhaust_disc
2434 disc_map_iff ~> map_disc_iff
2435 sel_corec ~> corec_sel
2436 sel_exhaust ~> exhaust_sel
2439 sel_split ~> split_sel
2440 sel_split_asm ~> split_sel_asm
2441 strong_coinduct ~> coinduct_strong
2442 weak_case_cong ~> case_cong_weak
2444 - The "no_code" option to "free_constructors", "datatype_new", and
2445 "codatatype" has been renamed "plugins del: code".
2447 - The rules "set_empty" have been removed. They are easy
2448 consequences of other set rules "by auto".
2450 - The rule "set_cases" is now registered with the "[cases set]"
2451 attribute. This can influence the behavior of the "cases" proof
2452 method when more than one case rule is applicable (e.g., an
2453 assumption is of the form "w : set ws" and the method "cases w"
2454 is invoked). The solution is to specify the case rule explicitly
2455 (e.g. "cases w rule: widget.exhaust").
2458 BNF_Comp ~> BNF_Composition
2459 BNF_FP_Base ~> BNF_Fixpoint_Base
2460 BNF_GFP ~> BNF_Greatest_Fixpoint
2461 BNF_LFP ~> BNF_Least_Fixpoint
2462 BNF_Constructions_on_Wellorders ~> BNF_Wellorder_Constructions
2463 Cardinals/Constructions_on_Wellorders ~> Cardinals/Wellorder_Constructions
2465 - Lifting and Transfer setup for basic HOL types sum and prod (also
2466 option) is now performed by the BNF package. Theories Lifting_Sum,
2467 Lifting_Product and Lifting_Option from Main became obsolete and
2468 were removed. Changed definitions of the relators rel_prod and
2469 rel_sum (using inductive).
2470 INCOMPATIBILITY: use rel_prod.simps and rel_sum.simps instead
2471 of rel_prod_def and rel_sum_def.
2472 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: (rarely used by name) transfer theorem names
2473 changed (e.g. map_prod_transfer ~> prod.map_transfer).
2474 - Parametricity theorems for map functions, relators, set functions,
2475 constructors, case combinators, discriminators, selectors and
2476 (co)recursors are automatically proved and registered as transfer
2479 * Old datatype package:
2480 - The old 'datatype' command has been renamed 'old_datatype', and
2481 'rep_datatype' has been renamed 'old_rep_datatype'. They are
2482 provided by "~~/src/HOL/Library/Old_Datatype.thy". See
2483 'isabelle doc datatypes' for information on porting.
2486 weak_case_cong ~> case_cong_weak
2489 ~~/src/HOL/Datatype.thy ~> ~~/src/HOL/Library/Old_Datatype.thy
2493 - Fixed soundness bug related to the strict and non-strict subset
2497 - CVC4 is now included with Isabelle instead of CVC3 and run by
2499 - Z3 is now always enabled by default, now that it is fully open
2500 source. The "z3_non_commercial" option is discontinued.
2501 - Minimization is now always enabled by default.
2502 Removed sub-command:
2504 - Proof reconstruction, both one-liners and Isar, has been
2505 dramatically improved.
2506 - Improved support for CVC4 and veriT.
2508 * Old and new SMT modules:
2509 - The old 'smt' method has been renamed 'old_smt' and moved to
2510 'src/HOL/Library/Old_SMT.thy'. It is provided for compatibility,
2511 until applications have been ported to use the new 'smt' method. For
2512 the method to work, an older version of Z3 (e.g. Z3 3.2 or 4.0) must
2513 be installed, and the environment variable "OLD_Z3_SOLVER" must
2516 - The 'smt2' method has been renamed 'smt'.
2518 - New option 'smt_reconstruction_step_timeout' to limit the
2519 reconstruction time of Z3 proof steps in the new 'smt' method.
2520 - New option 'smt_statistics' to display statistics of the new 'smt'
2521 method, especially runtime statistics of Z3 proof reconstruction.
2523 * Lifting: command 'lift_definition' allows to execute lifted constants
2524 that have as a return type a datatype containing a subtype. This
2525 overcomes long-time limitations in the area of code generation and
2526 lifting, and avoids tedious workarounds.
2528 * Command and antiquotation "value" provide different evaluation slots
2529 (again), where the previous strategy (NBE after ML) serves as default.
2530 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2532 * Add NO_MATCH-simproc, allows to check for syntactic non-equality.
2534 * field_simps: Use NO_MATCH-simproc for distribution rules, to avoid
2535 non-termination in case of distributing a division. With this change
2536 field_simps is in some cases slightly less powerful, if it fails try to
2537 add algebra_simps, or use divide_simps. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2539 * Separate class no_zero_divisors has been given up in favour of fully
2540 algebraic semiring_no_zero_divisors. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2542 * Class linordered_semidom really requires no zero divisors.
2545 * Classes division_ring, field and linordered_field always demand
2546 "inverse 0 = 0". Given up separate classes division_ring_inverse_zero,
2547 field_inverse_zero and linordered_field_inverse_zero. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2549 * Classes cancel_ab_semigroup_add / cancel_monoid_add specify explicit
2550 additive inverse operation. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2552 * Complex powers and square roots. The functions "ln" and "powr" are now
2553 overloaded for types real and complex, and 0 powr y = 0 by definition.
2554 INCOMPATIBILITY: type constraints may be necessary.
2556 * The functions "sin" and "cos" are now defined for any type of sort
2557 "{real_normed_algebra_1,banach}" type, so in particular on "real" and
2558 "complex" uniformly. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: type constraints may be
2561 * New library of properties of the complex transcendental functions sin,
2562 cos, tan, exp, Ln, Arctan, Arcsin, Arccos. Ported from HOL Light.
2564 * The factorial function, "fact", now has type "nat => 'a" (of a sort
2565 that admits numeric types including nat, int, real and complex.
2566 INCOMPATIBILITY: an expression such as "fact 3 = 6" may require a type
2567 constraint, and the combination "real (fact k)" is likely to be
2568 unsatisfactory. If a type conversion is still necessary, then use
2569 "of_nat (fact k)" or "real_of_nat (fact k)".
2571 * Removed functions "natfloor" and "natceiling", use "nat o floor" and
2572 "nat o ceiling" instead. A few of the lemmas have been retained and
2573 adapted: in their names "natfloor"/"natceiling" has been replaced by
2574 "nat_floor"/"nat_ceiling".
2576 * Qualified some duplicated fact names required for boostrapping the
2577 type class hierarchy:
2578 ab_add_uminus_conv_diff ~> diff_conv_add_uminus
2579 field_inverse_zero ~> inverse_zero
2580 field_divide_inverse ~> divide_inverse
2581 field_inverse ~> left_inverse
2582 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2584 * Eliminated fact duplicates:
2585 mult_less_imp_less_right ~> mult_right_less_imp_less
2586 mult_less_imp_less_left ~> mult_left_less_imp_less
2587 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2589 * Fact consolidation: even_less_0_iff is subsumed by
2590 double_add_less_zero_iff_single_add_less_zero (simp by default anyway).
2592 * Generalized and consolidated some theorems concerning divsibility:
2593 dvd_reduce ~> dvd_add_triv_right_iff
2594 dvd_plus_eq_right ~> dvd_add_right_iff
2595 dvd_plus_eq_left ~> dvd_add_left_iff
2596 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2598 * "even" and "odd" are mere abbreviations for "2 dvd _" and "~ 2 dvd _"
2599 and part of theory Main.
2600 even_def ~> even_iff_mod_2_eq_zero
2603 * Lemma name consolidation: divide_Numeral1 ~> divide_numeral_1. Minor
2606 * Bootstrap of listsum as special case of abstract product over lists.
2608 listsum_def ~> listsum.eq_foldr
2611 * Product over lists via constant "listprod".
2613 * Theory List: renamed drop_Suc_conv_tl and nth_drop' to
2616 * New infrastructure for compiling, running, evaluating and testing
2617 generated code in target languages in HOL/Library/Code_Test. See
2618 HOL/Codegenerator_Test/Code_Test* for examples.
2621 - Introduced "replicate_mset" operation.
2622 - Introduced alternative characterizations of the multiset ordering in
2623 "Library/Multiset_Order".
2624 - Renamed multiset ordering:
2627 \<subset># ~> #\<subset>#
2628 \<subseteq># ~> #\<subseteq>#
2630 - Introduced abbreviations for ill-named multiset operations:
2631 <#, \<subset># abbreviate < (strict subset)
2632 <=#, \<le>#, \<subseteq># abbreviate <= (subset or equal)
2635 in_multiset_of ~> in_multiset_in_set
2636 Multiset.fold ~> fold_mset
2637 Multiset.filter ~> filter_mset
2639 - Removed mcard, is equal to size.
2641 image_mset.id [simp]
2642 image_mset_id [simp]
2643 elem_multiset_of_set [simp, intro]
2644 comp_fun_commute_plus_mset [simp]
2645 comp_fun_commute.fold_mset_insert [OF comp_fun_commute_plus_mset, simp]
2646 in_mset_fold_plus_iff [iff]
2647 set_of_Union_mset [simp]
2648 in_Union_mset_iff [iff]
2651 * Library/Sum_of_Squares: simplified and improved "sos" method. Always
2652 use local CSDP executable, which is much faster than the NEOS server.
2653 The "sos_cert" functionality is invoked as "sos" with additional
2654 argument. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2656 * HOL-Decision_Procs: New counterexample generator quickcheck
2657 [approximation] for inequalities of transcendental functions. Uses
2658 hardware floating point arithmetic to randomly discover potential
2659 counterexamples. Counterexamples are certified with the "approximation"
2660 method. See HOL/Decision_Procs/ex/Approximation_Quickcheck_Ex.thy for
2663 * HOL-Probability: Reworked measurability prover
2664 - applies destructor rules repeatedly
2665 - removed application splitting (replaced by destructor rule)
2666 - added congruence rules to rewrite measure spaces under the sets
2669 * New proof method "rewrite" (in theory ~~/src/HOL/Library/Rewrite) for
2670 single-step rewriting with subterm selection based on patterns.
2675 * Subtle change of name space policy: undeclared entries are now
2676 considered inaccessible, instead of accessible via the fully-qualified
2677 internal name. This mainly affects Name_Space.intern (and derivatives),
2678 which may produce an unexpected Long_Name.hidden prefix. Note that
2679 contemporary applications use the strict Name_Space.check (and
2680 derivatives) instead, which is not affected by the change. Potential
2681 INCOMPATIBILITY in rare applications of Name_Space.intern.
2683 * Subtle change of error semantics of Toplevel.proof_of: regular user
2684 ERROR instead of internal Toplevel.UNDEF.
2686 * Basic combinators map, fold, fold_map, split_list, apply are available
2687 as parameterized antiquotations, e.g. @{map 4} for lists of quadruples.
2689 * Renamed "pairself" to "apply2", in accordance to @{apply 2}.
2692 * Former combinators NAMED_CRITICAL and CRITICAL for central critical
2693 sections have been discontinued, in favour of the more elementary
2694 Multithreading.synchronized and its high-level derivative
2695 Synchronized.var (which is usually sufficient in applications). Subtle
2696 INCOMPATIBILITY: synchronized access needs to be atomic and cannot be
2699 * Synchronized.value (ML) is actually synchronized (as in Scala): subtle
2700 change of semantics with minimal potential for INCOMPATIBILITY.
2702 * The main operations to certify logical entities are Thm.ctyp_of and
2703 Thm.cterm_of with a local context; old-style global theory variants are
2704 available as Thm.global_ctyp_of and Thm.global_cterm_of.
2707 * Elementary operations in module Thm are no longer pervasive.
2708 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use qualified Thm.prop_of, Thm.cterm_of,
2711 * Proper context for various elementary tactics: assume_tac,
2712 resolve_tac, eresolve_tac, dresolve_tac, forward_tac, match_tac,
2713 compose_tac, Splitter.split_tac etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2715 * Tactical PARALLEL_ALLGOALS is the most common way to refer to
2718 * Goal.prove_multi is superseded by the fully general Goal.prove_common,
2719 which also allows to specify a fork priority.
2721 * Antiquotation @{command_spec "COMMAND"} is superseded by
2722 @{command_keyword COMMAND} (usually without quotes and with PIDE
2723 markup). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2725 * Cartouches within ML sources are turned into values of type
2726 Input.source (with formal position information).
2731 * The Isabelle tool "update_cartouches" changes theory files to use
2732 cartouches instead of old-style {* verbatim *} or `alt_string` tokens.
2734 * The Isabelle tool "build" provides new options -X, -k, -x.
2736 * Discontinued old-fashioned "codegen" tool. Code generation can always
2737 be externally triggered using an appropriate ROOT file plus a
2738 corresponding theory. Parametrization is possible using environment
2739 variables, or ML snippets in the most extreme cases. Minor
2742 * JVM system property "isabelle.threads" determines size of Scala thread
2743 pool, like Isabelle system option "threads" for ML.
2745 * JVM system property "isabelle.laf" determines the default Swing
2746 look-and-feel, via internal class name or symbolic name as in the jEdit
2747 menu Global Options / Appearance.
2749 * Support for Proof General and Isar TTY loop has been discontinued.
2750 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use standard PIDE infrastructure instead.
2754 New in Isabelle2014 (August 2014)
2755 ---------------------------------
2759 * Support for official Standard ML within the Isabelle context.
2760 Command 'SML_file' reads and evaluates the given Standard ML file.
2761 Toplevel bindings are stored within the theory context; the initial
2762 environment is restricted to the Standard ML implementation of
2763 Poly/ML, without the add-ons of Isabelle/ML. Commands 'SML_import'
2764 and 'SML_export' allow to exchange toplevel bindings between the two
2765 separate environments. See also ~~/src/Tools/SML/Examples.thy for
2768 * Standard tactics and proof methods such as "clarsimp", "auto" and
2769 "safe" now preserve equality hypotheses "x = expr" where x is a free
2770 variable. Locale assumptions and chained facts containing "x"
2771 continue to be useful. The new method "hypsubst_thin" and the
2772 configuration option "hypsubst_thin" (within the attribute name space)
2773 restore the previous behavior. INCOMPATIBILITY, especially where
2774 induction is done after these methods or when the names of free and
2775 bound variables clash. As first approximation, old proofs may be
2776 repaired by "using [[hypsubst_thin = true]]" in the critical spot.
2778 * More static checking of proof methods, which allows the system to
2779 form a closure over the concrete syntax. Method arguments should be
2780 processed in the original proof context as far as possible, before
2781 operating on the goal state. In any case, the standard discipline for
2782 subgoal-addressing needs to be observed: no subgoals or a subgoal
2783 number that is out of range produces an empty result sequence, not an
2784 exception. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY for non-conformant tactical
2787 * Lexical syntax (inner and outer) supports text cartouches with
2788 arbitrary nesting, and without escapes of quotes etc. The Prover IDE
2789 supports input via ` (backquote).
2791 * The outer syntax categories "text" (for formal comments and document
2792 markup commands) and "altstring" (for literal fact references) allow
2793 cartouches as well, in addition to the traditional mix of quotations.
2795 * Syntax of document antiquotation @{rail} now uses \<newline> instead
2796 of "\\", to avoid the optical illusion of escaped backslash within
2797 string token. General renovation of its syntax using text cartouches.
2798 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2800 * Discontinued legacy_isub_isup, which was a temporary workaround for
2801 Isabelle/ML in Isabelle2013-1. The prover process no longer accepts
2802 old identifier syntax with \<^isub> or \<^isup>. Potential
2805 * Document antiquotation @{url} produces markup for the given URL,
2806 which results in an active hyperlink within the text.
2808 * Document antiquotation @{file_unchecked} is like @{file}, but does
2809 not check existence within the file-system.
2811 * Updated and extended manuals: codegen, datatypes, implementation,
2812 isar-ref, jedit, system.
2815 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
2817 * Improved Document panel: simplified interaction where every single
2818 mouse click (re)opens document via desktop environment or as jEdit
2821 * Support for Navigator plugin (with toolbar buttons), with connection
2824 * Auxiliary files ('ML_file' etc.) are managed by the Prover IDE.
2825 Open text buffers take precedence over copies within the file-system.
2827 * Improved support for Isabelle/ML, with jEdit mode "isabelle-ml" for
2830 * Improved syntactic and semantic completion mechanism, with simple
2831 templates, completion language context, name-space completion,
2832 file-name completion, spell-checker completion.
2834 * Refined GUI popup for completion: more robust key/mouse event
2835 handling and propagation to enclosing text area -- avoid loosing
2836 keystrokes with slow / remote graphics displays.
2838 * Completion popup supports both ENTER and TAB (default) to select an
2839 item, depending on Isabelle options.
2841 * Refined insertion of completion items wrt. jEdit text: multiple
2842 selections, rectangular selections, rectangular selection as "tall
2845 * Integrated spell-checker for document text, comments etc. with
2846 completion popup and context-menu.
2848 * More general "Query" panel supersedes "Find" panel, with GUI access
2849 to commands 'find_theorems' and 'find_consts', as well as print
2850 operations for the context. Minor incompatibility in keyboard
2851 shortcuts etc.: replace action isabelle-find by isabelle-query.
2853 * Search field for all output panels ("Output", "Query", "Info" etc.)
2854 to highlight text via regular expression.
2856 * Option "jedit_print_mode" (see also "Plugin Options / Isabelle /
2857 General") allows to specify additional print modes for the prover
2858 process, without requiring old-fashioned command-line invocation of
2859 "isabelle jedit -m MODE".
2861 * More support for remote files (e.g. http) using standard Java
2862 networking operations instead of jEdit virtual file-systems.
2864 * Empty editors buffers that are no longer required (e.g.\ via theory
2865 imports) are automatically removed from the document model.
2867 * Improved monitor panel.
2869 * Improved Console/Scala plugin: more uniform scala.Console output,
2870 more robust treatment of threads and interrupts.
2872 * Improved management of dockable windows: clarified keyboard focus
2873 and window placement wrt. main editor view; optional menu item to
2874 "Detach" a copy where this makes sense.
2876 * New Simplifier Trace panel provides an interactive view of the
2877 simplification process, enabled by the "simp_trace_new" attribute
2883 * Low-level type-class commands 'classes', 'classrel', 'arities' have
2884 been discontinued to avoid the danger of non-trivial axiomatization
2885 that is not immediately visible. INCOMPATIBILITY, use regular
2886 'instance' command with proof. The required OFCLASS(...) theorem
2887 might be postulated via 'axiomatization' beforehand, or the proof
2888 finished trivially if the underlying class definition is made vacuous
2889 (without any assumptions). See also Isabelle/ML operations
2890 Axclass.class_axiomatization, Axclass.classrel_axiomatization,
2891 Axclass.arity_axiomatization.
2893 * Basic constants of Pure use more conventional names and are always
2894 qualified. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY, but with potentially serious
2895 consequences, notably for tools in Isabelle/ML. The following
2896 renaming needs to be applied:
2902 dummy_pattern ~> Pure.dummy_pattern
2904 Systematic porting works by using the following theory setup on a
2905 *previous* Isabelle version to introduce the new name accesses for the
2911 |> Sign.const_alias (Binding.qualify true "Pure" @{binding eq}) "=="
2912 |> Sign.const_alias (Binding.qualify true "Pure" @{binding imp}) "==>"
2913 |> Sign.const_alias (Binding.qualify true "Pure" @{binding all}) "all"
2914 |> Sign.restore_naming thy
2917 Thus ML antiquotations like @{const_name Pure.eq} may be used already.
2918 Later the application is moved to the current Isabelle version, and
2919 the auxiliary aliases are deleted.
2921 * Attributes "where" and "of" allow an optional context of local
2922 variables ('for' declaration): these variables become schematic in the
2923 instantiated theorem.
2925 * Obsolete attribute "standard" has been discontinued (legacy since
2926 Isabelle2012). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, use explicit 'for' context
2927 where instantiations with schematic variables are intended (for
2928 declaration commands like 'lemmas' or attributes like "of"). The
2929 following temporary definition may help to port old applications:
2931 attribute_setup standard =
2932 "Scan.succeed (Thm.rule_attribute (K Drule.export_without_context))"
2934 * More thorough check of proof context for goal statements and
2935 attributed fact expressions (concerning background theory, declared
2936 hyps). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, tools need to observe standard
2937 context discipline. See also Assumption.add_assumes and the more
2938 primitive Thm.assume_hyps.
2940 * Inner syntax token language allows regular quoted strings "..."
2941 (only makes sense in practice, if outer syntax is delimited
2942 differently, e.g. via cartouches).
2944 * Command 'print_term_bindings' supersedes 'print_binds' for clarity,
2945 but the latter is retained some time as Proof General legacy.
2947 * Code generator preprocessor: explicit control of simp tracing on a
2948 per-constant basis. See attribute "code_preproc".
2953 * Code generator: enforce case of identifiers only for strict target
2954 language requirements. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2956 * Code generator: explicit proof contexts in many ML interfaces.
2959 * Code generator: minimize exported identifiers by default. Minor
2962 * Code generation for SML and OCaml: dropped arcane "no_signatures"
2963 option. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2965 * "declare [[code abort: ...]]" replaces "code_abort ...".
2968 * "declare [[code drop: ...]]" drops all code equations associated
2969 with the given constants.
2971 * Code generations are provided for make, fields, extend and truncate
2972 operations on records.
2974 * Command and antiquotation "value" are now hardcoded against nbe and
2975 ML. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2977 * Renamed command 'enriched_type' to 'functor'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2979 * The symbol "\<newline>" may be used within char or string literals
2980 to represent (Char Nibble0 NibbleA), i.e. ASCII newline.
2982 * Qualified String.implode and String.explode. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2984 * Simplifier: Enhanced solver of preconditions of rewrite rules can
2985 now deal with conjunctions. For help with converting proofs, the old
2986 behaviour of the simplifier can be restored like this: declare/using
2987 [[simp_legacy_precond]]. This configuration option will disappear
2988 again in the future. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2990 * Simproc "finite_Collect" is no longer enabled by default, due to
2991 spurious crashes and other surprises. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
2993 * Moved new (co)datatype package and its dependencies from session
2994 "HOL-BNF" to "HOL". The commands 'bnf', 'wrap_free_constructors',
2995 'datatype_new', 'codatatype', 'primcorec', 'primcorecursive' are now
2996 part of theory "Main".
2999 FunDef.thy ~> Fun_Def.thy (and Fun_Def_Base.thy)
3000 Library/Wfrec.thy ~> Wfrec.thy
3001 Library/Zorn.thy ~> Zorn.thy
3002 Cardinals/Order_Relation.thy ~> Order_Relation.thy
3003 Library/Order_Union.thy ~> Cardinals/Order_Union.thy
3004 Cardinals/Cardinal_Arithmetic_Base.thy ~> BNF_Cardinal_Arithmetic.thy
3005 Cardinals/Cardinal_Order_Relation_Base.thy ~> BNF_Cardinal_Order_Relation.thy
3006 Cardinals/Constructions_on_Wellorders_Base.thy ~> BNF_Constructions_on_Wellorders.thy
3007 Cardinals/Wellorder_Embedding_Base.thy ~> BNF_Wellorder_Embedding.thy
3008 Cardinals/Wellorder_Relation_Base.thy ~> BNF_Wellorder_Relation.thy
3009 BNF/Ctr_Sugar.thy ~> Ctr_Sugar.thy
3010 BNF/Basic_BNFs.thy ~> Basic_BNFs.thy
3011 BNF/BNF_Comp.thy ~> BNF_Comp.thy
3012 BNF/BNF_Def.thy ~> BNF_Def.thy
3013 BNF/BNF_FP_Base.thy ~> BNF_FP_Base.thy
3014 BNF/BNF_GFP.thy ~> BNF_GFP.thy
3015 BNF/BNF_LFP.thy ~> BNF_LFP.thy
3016 BNF/BNF_Util.thy ~> BNF_Util.thy
3017 BNF/Coinduction.thy ~> Coinduction.thy
3018 BNF/More_BNFs.thy ~> Library/More_BNFs.thy
3019 BNF/Countable_Type.thy ~> Library/Countable_Set_Type.thy
3020 BNF/Examples/* ~> BNF_Examples/*
3023 Wellorder_Extension.thy (split from Zorn.thy)
3024 Library/Cardinal_Notations.thy
3025 Library/BNF_Axomatization.thy
3026 BNF_Examples/Misc_Primcorec.thy
3027 BNF_Examples/Stream_Processor.thy
3029 Discontinued theories:
3031 BNF/Equiv_Relations_More.thy
3035 * New (co)datatype package:
3036 - Command 'primcorec' is fully implemented.
3037 - Command 'datatype_new' generates size functions ("size_xxx" and
3038 "size") as required by 'fun'.
3039 - BNFs are integrated with the Lifting tool and new-style
3040 (co)datatypes with Transfer.
3042 datatype_new_compat ~> datatype_compat
3043 primrec_new ~> primrec
3044 wrap_free_constructors ~> free_constructors
3046 - The generated constants "xxx_case" and "xxx_rec" have been renamed
3047 "case_xxx" and "rec_xxx" (e.g., "prod_case" ~> "case_prod").
3049 - The constant "xxx_(un)fold" and related theorems are no longer
3050 generated. Use "xxx_(co)rec" or define "xxx_(un)fold" manually
3051 using "prim(co)rec".
3053 - No discriminators are generated for nullary constructors by
3054 default, eliminating the need for the odd "=:" syntax.
3056 - No discriminators or selectors are generated by default by
3057 "datatype_new", unless custom names are specified or the new
3058 "discs_sels" option is passed.
3061 * Old datatype package:
3062 - The generated theorems "xxx.cases" and "xxx.recs" have been
3063 renamed "xxx.case" and "xxx.rec" (e.g., "sum.cases" ->
3064 "sum.case"). INCOMPATIBILITY.
3065 - The generated constants "xxx_case", "xxx_rec", and "xxx_size" have
3066 been renamed "case_xxx", "rec_xxx", and "size_xxx" (e.g.,
3067 "prod_case" ~> "case_prod"). INCOMPATIBILITY.
3069 * The types "'a list" and "'a option", their set and map functions,
3070 their relators, and their selectors are now produced using the new
3071 BNF-based datatype package.
3074 Option.set ~> set_option
3075 Option.map ~> map_option
3076 option_rel ~> rel_option
3079 set_def ~> set_rec[abs_def]
3080 map_def ~> map_rec[abs_def]
3081 Option.map_def ~> map_option_case[abs_def] (with "case_option" instead of "rec_option")
3082 option.recs ~> option.rec
3083 list_all2_def ~> list_all2_iff
3084 set.simps ~> set_simps (or the slightly different "list.set")
3085 map.simps ~> list.map
3086 hd.simps ~> list.sel(1)
3087 tl.simps ~> list.sel(2-3)
3088 the.simps ~> option.sel
3092 * The following map functions and relators have been renamed:
3094 map_pair ~> map_prod
3095 prod_rel ~> rel_prod
3099 filter_rel ~> rel_filter
3100 fset_rel ~> rel_fset (in "src/HOL/Library/FSet.thy")
3101 cset_rel ~> rel_cset (in "src/HOL/Library/Countable_Set_Type.thy")
3102 vset ~> rel_vset (in "src/HOL/Library/Quotient_Set.thy")
3106 * Lifting and Transfer:
3107 - a type variable as a raw type is supported
3108 - stronger reflexivity prover
3109 - rep_eq is always generated by lift_definition
3110 - setup for Lifting/Transfer is now automated for BNFs
3111 + holds for BNFs that do not contain a dead variable
3112 + relator_eq, relator_mono, relator_distr, relator_domain,
3113 relator_eq_onp, quot_map, transfer rules for bi_unique, bi_total,
3114 right_unique, right_total, left_unique, left_total are proved
3116 + definition of a predicator is generated automatically
3117 + simplification rules for a predicator definition are proved
3118 automatically for datatypes
3119 - consolidation of the setup of Lifting/Transfer
3120 + property that a relator preservers reflexivity is not needed any
3122 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3123 + left_total and left_unique rules are now transfer rules
3124 (reflexivity_rule attribute not needed anymore)
3126 + Domainp does not have to be a separate assumption in
3127 relator_domain theorems (=> more natural statement)
3129 - registration of code equations is more robust
3130 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3131 - respectfulness proof obligation is preprocessed to a more readable
3133 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3134 - eq_onp is always unfolded in respectfulness proof obligation
3135 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3136 - unregister lifting setup for Code_Numeral.integer and
3137 Code_Numeral.natural
3138 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3139 - Lifting.invariant -> eq_onp
3142 * New internal SAT solver "cdclite" that produces models and proof
3143 traces. This solver replaces the internal SAT solvers "enumerate" and
3144 "dpll". Applications that explicitly used one of these two SAT
3145 solvers should use "cdclite" instead. In addition, "cdclite" is now
3146 the default SAT solver for the "sat" and "satx" proof methods and
3147 corresponding tactics; the old default can be restored using "declare
3148 [[sat_solver = zchaff_with_proofs]]". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3150 * SMT module: A new version of the SMT module, temporarily called
3151 "SMT2", uses SMT-LIB 2 and supports recent versions of Z3 (e.g.,
3152 4.3). The new proof method is called "smt2". CVC3 and CVC4 are also
3153 supported as oracles. Yices is no longer supported, because no version
3154 of the solver can handle both SMT-LIB 2 and quantifiers.
3156 * Activation of Z3 now works via "z3_non_commercial" system option
3157 (without requiring restart), instead of former settings variable
3158 "Z3_NON_COMMERCIAL". The option can be edited in Isabelle/jEdit menu
3159 Plugin Options / Isabelle / General.
3162 - Z3 can now produce Isar proofs.
3164 . New SML-based learning algorithms eliminate the dependency on
3165 Python and increase performance and reliability.
3166 . MaSh and MeSh are now used by default together with the
3167 traditional MePo (Meng-Paulson) relevance filter. To disable
3168 MaSh, set the "MaSh" system option in Isabelle/jEdit Plugin
3169 Options / Isabelle / General to "none".
3173 isar_compress ~> compress
3178 * Removed solvers remote_cvc3 and remote_z3. Use cvc3 and z3 instead.
3181 - Fixed soundness bug whereby mutually recursive datatypes could
3182 take infinite values.
3183 - Fixed soundness bug with low-level number functions such as
3184 "Abs_Integ" and "Rep_Integ".
3185 - Removed "std" option.
3186 - Renamed "show_datatypes" to "show_types" and "hide_datatypes" to
3189 * Metis: Removed legacy proof method 'metisFT'. Use 'metis
3190 (full_types)' instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3192 * Try0: Added 'algebra' and 'meson' to the set of proof methods.
3194 * Adjustion of INF and SUP operations:
3195 - Elongated constants INFI and SUPR to INFIMUM and SUPREMUM.
3196 - Consolidated theorem names containing INFI and SUPR: have INF and
3197 SUP instead uniformly.
3198 - More aggressive normalization of expressions involving INF and Inf
3200 - INF_image and SUP_image do not unfold composition.
3201 - Dropped facts INF_comp, SUP_comp.
3202 - Default congruence rules strong_INF_cong and strong_SUP_cong, with
3203 simplifier implication in premises. Generalize and replace former
3208 * SUP and INF generalized to conditionally_complete_lattice.
3210 * Swapped orientation of facts image_comp and vimage_comp:
3212 image_compose ~> image_comp [symmetric]
3213 image_comp ~> image_comp [symmetric]
3214 vimage_compose ~> vimage_comp [symmetric]
3215 vimage_comp ~> vimage_comp [symmetric]
3219 * Theory reorganization: split of Big_Operators.thy into
3220 Groups_Big.thy and Lattices_Big.thy.
3222 * Consolidated some facts about big group operators:
3224 setsum_0' ~> setsum.neutral
3225 setsum_0 ~> setsum.neutral_const
3226 setsum_addf ~> setsum.distrib
3227 setsum_cartesian_product ~> setsum.cartesian_product
3228 setsum_cases ~> setsum.If_cases
3229 setsum_commute ~> setsum.commute
3230 setsum_cong ~> setsum.cong
3231 setsum_delta ~> setsum.delta
3232 setsum_delta' ~> setsum.delta'
3233 setsum_diff1' ~> setsum.remove
3234 setsum_empty ~> setsum.empty
3235 setsum_infinite ~> setsum.infinite
3236 setsum_insert ~> setsum.insert
3237 setsum_inter_restrict'' ~> setsum.inter_filter
3238 setsum_mono_zero_cong_left ~> setsum.mono_neutral_cong_left
3239 setsum_mono_zero_cong_right ~> setsum.mono_neutral_cong_right
3240 setsum_mono_zero_left ~> setsum.mono_neutral_left
3241 setsum_mono_zero_right ~> setsum.mono_neutral_right
3242 setsum_reindex ~> setsum.reindex
3243 setsum_reindex_cong ~> setsum.reindex_cong
3244 setsum_reindex_nonzero ~> setsum.reindex_nontrivial
3245 setsum_restrict_set ~> setsum.inter_restrict
3246 setsum_Plus ~> setsum.Plus
3247 setsum_setsum_restrict ~> setsum.commute_restrict
3248 setsum_Sigma ~> setsum.Sigma
3249 setsum_subset_diff ~> setsum.subset_diff
3250 setsum_Un_disjoint ~> setsum.union_disjoint
3251 setsum_UN_disjoint ~> setsum.UNION_disjoint
3252 setsum_Un_Int ~> setsum.union_inter
3253 setsum_Union_disjoint ~> setsum.Union_disjoint
3254 setsum_UNION_zero ~> setsum.Union_comp
3255 setsum_Un_zero ~> setsum.union_inter_neutral
3256 strong_setprod_cong ~> setprod.strong_cong
3257 strong_setsum_cong ~> setsum.strong_cong
3258 setprod_1' ~> setprod.neutral
3259 setprod_1 ~> setprod.neutral_const
3260 setprod_cartesian_product ~> setprod.cartesian_product
3261 setprod_cong ~> setprod.cong
3262 setprod_delta ~> setprod.delta
3263 setprod_delta' ~> setprod.delta'
3264 setprod_empty ~> setprod.empty
3265 setprod_infinite ~> setprod.infinite
3266 setprod_insert ~> setprod.insert
3267 setprod_mono_one_cong_left ~> setprod.mono_neutral_cong_left
3268 setprod_mono_one_cong_right ~> setprod.mono_neutral_cong_right
3269 setprod_mono_one_left ~> setprod.mono_neutral_left
3270 setprod_mono_one_right ~> setprod.mono_neutral_right
3271 setprod_reindex ~> setprod.reindex
3272 setprod_reindex_cong ~> setprod.reindex_cong
3273 setprod_reindex_nonzero ~> setprod.reindex_nontrivial
3274 setprod_Sigma ~> setprod.Sigma
3275 setprod_subset_diff ~> setprod.subset_diff
3276 setprod_timesf ~> setprod.distrib
3277 setprod_Un2 ~> setprod.union_diff2
3278 setprod_Un_disjoint ~> setprod.union_disjoint
3279 setprod_UN_disjoint ~> setprod.UNION_disjoint
3280 setprod_Un_Int ~> setprod.union_inter
3281 setprod_Union_disjoint ~> setprod.Union_disjoint
3282 setprod_Un_one ~> setprod.union_inter_neutral
3284 Dropped setsum_cong2 (simple variant of setsum.cong).
3285 Dropped setsum_inter_restrict' (simple variant of setsum.inter_restrict)
3286 Dropped setsum_reindex_id, setprod_reindex_id
3287 (simple variants of setsum.reindex [symmetric], setprod.reindex [symmetric]).
3291 * Abolished slightly odd global lattice interpretation for min/max.
3293 Fact consolidations:
3294 min_max.inf_assoc ~> min.assoc
3295 min_max.inf_commute ~> min.commute
3296 min_max.inf_left_commute ~> min.left_commute
3297 min_max.inf_idem ~> min.idem
3298 min_max.inf_left_idem ~> min.left_idem
3299 min_max.inf_right_idem ~> min.right_idem
3300 min_max.sup_assoc ~> max.assoc
3301 min_max.sup_commute ~> max.commute
3302 min_max.sup_left_commute ~> max.left_commute
3303 min_max.sup_idem ~> max.idem
3304 min_max.sup_left_idem ~> max.left_idem
3305 min_max.sup_inf_distrib1 ~> max_min_distrib2
3306 min_max.sup_inf_distrib2 ~> max_min_distrib1
3307 min_max.inf_sup_distrib1 ~> min_max_distrib2
3308 min_max.inf_sup_distrib2 ~> min_max_distrib1
3309 min_max.distrib ~> min_max_distribs
3310 min_max.inf_absorb1 ~> min.absorb1
3311 min_max.inf_absorb2 ~> min.absorb2
3312 min_max.sup_absorb1 ~> max.absorb1
3313 min_max.sup_absorb2 ~> max.absorb2
3314 min_max.le_iff_inf ~> min.absorb_iff1
3315 min_max.le_iff_sup ~> max.absorb_iff2
3316 min_max.inf_le1 ~> min.cobounded1
3317 min_max.inf_le2 ~> min.cobounded2
3318 le_maxI1, min_max.sup_ge1 ~> max.cobounded1
3319 le_maxI2, min_max.sup_ge2 ~> max.cobounded2
3320 min_max.le_infI1 ~> min.coboundedI1
3321 min_max.le_infI2 ~> min.coboundedI2
3322 min_max.le_supI1 ~> max.coboundedI1
3323 min_max.le_supI2 ~> max.coboundedI2
3324 min_max.less_infI1 ~> min.strict_coboundedI1
3325 min_max.less_infI2 ~> min.strict_coboundedI2
3326 min_max.less_supI1 ~> max.strict_coboundedI1
3327 min_max.less_supI2 ~> max.strict_coboundedI2
3328 min_max.inf_mono ~> min.mono
3329 min_max.sup_mono ~> max.mono
3330 min_max.le_infI, min_max.inf_greatest ~> min.boundedI
3331 min_max.le_supI, min_max.sup_least ~> max.boundedI
3332 min_max.le_inf_iff ~> min.bounded_iff
3333 min_max.le_sup_iff ~> max.bounded_iff
3335 For min_max.inf_sup_aci, prefer (one of) min.commute, min.assoc,
3336 min.left_commute, min.left_idem, max.commute, max.assoc,
3337 max.left_commute, max.left_idem directly.
3339 For min_max.inf_sup_ord, prefer (one of) min.cobounded1,
3340 min.cobounded2, max.cobounded1m max.cobounded2 directly.
3342 For min_ac or max_ac, prefer more general collection ac_simps.
3346 * Theorem disambiguation Inf_le_Sup (on finite sets) ~>
3347 Inf_fin_le_Sup_fin. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3349 * Qualified constant names Wellfounded.acc, Wellfounded.accp.
3352 * Fact generalization and consolidation:
3353 neq_one_mod_two, mod_2_not_eq_zero_eq_one_int ~> not_mod_2_eq_0_eq_1
3357 * Purely algebraic definition of even. Fact generalization and
3359 nat_even_iff_2_dvd, int_even_iff_2_dvd ~> even_iff_2_dvd
3360 even_zero_(nat|int) ~> even_zero
3364 * Abolished neg_numeral.
3365 - Canonical representation for minus one is "- 1".
3366 - Canonical representation for other negative numbers is "- (numeral _)".
3367 - When devising rule sets for number calculation, consider the
3368 following canonical cases: 0, 1, numeral _, - 1, - numeral _.
3369 - HOLogic.dest_number also recognizes numerals in non-canonical forms
3370 like "numeral One", "- numeral One", "- 0" and even "- ... - _".
3371 - Syntax for negative numerals is mere input syntax.
3375 * Reduced name variants for rules on associativity and commutativity:
3377 add_assoc ~> add.assoc
3378 add_commute ~> add.commute
3379 add_left_commute ~> add.left_commute
3380 mult_assoc ~> mult.assoc
3381 mult_commute ~> mult.commute
3382 mult_left_commute ~> mult.left_commute
3383 nat_add_assoc ~> add.assoc
3384 nat_add_commute ~> add.commute
3385 nat_add_left_commute ~> add.left_commute
3386 nat_mult_assoc ~> mult.assoc
3387 nat_mult_commute ~> mult.commute
3388 eq_assoc ~> iff_assoc
3389 eq_left_commute ~> iff_left_commute
3393 * Fact collections add_ac and mult_ac are considered old-fashioned.
3394 Prefer ac_simps instead, or specify rules
3395 (add|mult).(assoc|commute|left_commute) individually.
3397 * Elimination of fact duplicates:
3398 equals_zero_I ~> minus_unique
3399 diff_eq_0_iff_eq ~> right_minus_eq
3400 nat_infinite ~> infinite_UNIV_nat
3401 int_infinite ~> infinite_UNIV_int
3405 * Fact name consolidation:
3406 diff_def, diff_minus, ab_diff_minus ~> diff_conv_add_uminus
3407 minus_le_self_iff ~> neg_less_eq_nonneg
3408 le_minus_self_iff ~> less_eq_neg_nonpos
3409 neg_less_nonneg ~> neg_less_pos
3410 less_minus_self_iff ~> less_neg_neg [simp]
3414 * More simplification rules on unary and binary minus:
3415 add_diff_cancel, add_diff_cancel_left, add_le_same_cancel1,
3416 add_le_same_cancel2, add_less_same_cancel1, add_less_same_cancel2,
3417 add_minus_cancel, diff_add_cancel, le_add_same_cancel1,
3418 le_add_same_cancel2, less_add_same_cancel1, less_add_same_cancel2,
3419 minus_add_cancel, uminus_add_conv_diff. These correspondingly have
3420 been taken away from fact collections algebra_simps and field_simps.
3423 To restore proofs, the following patterns are helpful:
3425 a) Arbitrary failing proof not involving "diff_def":
3426 Consider simplification with algebra_simps or field_simps.
3428 b) Lifting rules from addition to subtraction:
3429 Try with "using <rule for addition> of [... "- _" ...]" by simp".
3431 c) Simplification with "diff_def": just drop "diff_def".
3432 Consider simplification with algebra_simps or field_simps;
3433 or the brute way with
3434 "simp add: diff_conv_add_uminus del: add_uminus_conv_diff".
3436 * Introduce bdd_above and bdd_below in theory
3437 Conditionally_Complete_Lattices, use them instead of explicitly
3438 stating boundedness of sets.
3440 * ccpo.admissible quantifies only over non-empty chains to allow more
3441 syntax-directed proof rules; the case of the empty chain shows up as
3442 additional case in fixpoint induction proofs. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3444 * Removed and renamed theorems in Series:
3445 summable_le ~> suminf_le
3446 suminf_le ~> suminf_le_const
3447 series_pos_le ~> setsum_le_suminf
3448 series_pos_less ~> setsum_less_suminf
3449 suminf_ge_zero ~> suminf_nonneg
3450 suminf_gt_zero ~> suminf_pos
3451 suminf_gt_zero_iff ~> suminf_pos_iff
3452 summable_sumr_LIMSEQ_suminf ~> summable_LIMSEQ
3453 suminf_0_le ~> suminf_nonneg [rotate]
3454 pos_summable ~> summableI_nonneg_bounded
3455 ratio_test ~> summable_ratio_test
3457 removed series_zero, replaced by sums_finite
3459 removed auxiliary lemmas:
3461 sumr_offset, sumr_offset2, sumr_offset3, sumr_offset4, sumr_group,
3462 half, le_Suc_ex_iff, lemma_realpow_diff_sumr,
3463 real_setsum_nat_ivl_bounded, summable_le2, ratio_test_lemma2,
3464 sumr_minus_one_realpow_zerom, sumr_one_lb_realpow_zero,
3465 summable_convergent_sumr_iff, sumr_diff_mult_const
3469 * Replace (F)DERIV syntax by has_derivative:
3470 - "(f has_derivative f') (at x within s)" replaces "FDERIV f x : s : f'"
3472 - "(f has_field_derivative f') (at x within s)" replaces "DERIV f x : s : f'"
3474 - "f differentiable at x within s" replaces "_ differentiable _ in _" syntax
3476 - removed constant isDiff
3478 - "DERIV f x : f'" and "FDERIV f x : f'" syntax is only available as
3481 - "DERIV f x : s : f'" and "FDERIV f x : s : f'" syntax removed.
3483 - Renamed FDERIV_... lemmas to has_derivative_...
3485 - renamed deriv (the syntax constant used for "DERIV _ _ :> _") to DERIV
3487 - removed DERIV_intros, has_derivative_eq_intros
3489 - introduced derivative_intros and deriative_eq_intros which
3490 includes now rules for DERIV, has_derivative and
3491 has_vector_derivative.
3494 differentiable_def ~> real_differentiable_def
3495 differentiableE ~> real_differentiableE
3496 fderiv_def ~> has_derivative_at
3497 field_fderiv_def ~> field_has_derivative_at
3498 isDiff_der ~> differentiable_def
3499 deriv_fderiv ~> has_field_derivative_def
3500 deriv_def ~> DERIV_def
3504 * Include more theorems in continuous_intros. Remove the
3505 continuous_on_intros, isCont_intros collections, these facts are now
3506 in continuous_intros.
3508 * Theorems about complex numbers are now stated only using Re and Im,
3509 the Complex constructor is not used anymore. It is possible to use
3510 primcorec to defined the behaviour of a complex-valued function.
3512 Removed theorems about the Complex constructor from the simpset, they
3513 are available as the lemma collection legacy_Complex_simps. This
3516 i_complex_of_real: "ii * complex_of_real r = Complex 0 r".
3518 Instead the reverse direction is supported with
3519 Complex_eq: "Complex a b = a + \<i> * b"
3521 Moved csqrt from Fundamental_Algebra_Theorem to Complex.
3524 Re/Im ~> complex.sel
3525 complex_Re/Im_zero ~> zero_complex.sel
3526 complex_Re/Im_add ~> plus_complex.sel
3527 complex_Re/Im_minus ~> uminus_complex.sel
3528 complex_Re/Im_diff ~> minus_complex.sel
3529 complex_Re/Im_one ~> one_complex.sel
3530 complex_Re/Im_mult ~> times_complex.sel
3531 complex_Re/Im_inverse ~> inverse_complex.sel
3532 complex_Re/Im_scaleR ~> scaleR_complex.sel
3533 complex_Re/Im_i ~> ii.sel
3534 complex_Re/Im_cnj ~> cnj.sel
3535 Re/Im_cis ~> cis.sel
3537 complex_divide_def ~> divide_complex_def
3538 complex_norm_def ~> norm_complex_def
3539 cmod_def ~> norm_complex_de
3553 * Theory Lubs moved HOL image to HOL-Library. It is replaced by
3554 Conditionally_Complete_Lattices. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3556 * HOL-Library: new theory src/HOL/Library/Tree.thy.
3558 * HOL-Library: removed theory src/HOL/Library/Kleene_Algebra.thy; it
3559 is subsumed by session Kleene_Algebra in AFP.
3561 * HOL-Library / theory RBT: various constants and facts are hidden;
3562 lifting setup is unregistered. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3564 * HOL-Cardinals: new theory src/HOL/Cardinals/Ordinal_Arithmetic.thy.
3566 * HOL-Word: bit representations prefer type bool over type bit.
3570 - Abandoned fact collection "word_arith_alts", which is a duplicate
3571 of "word_arith_wis".
3572 - Dropped first (duplicated) element in fact collections
3573 "sint_word_ariths", "word_arith_alts", "uint_word_ariths",
3574 "uint_word_arith_bintrs".
3576 * HOL-Number_Theory:
3577 - consolidated the proofs of the binomial theorem
3578 - the function fib is again of type nat => nat and not overloaded
3579 - no more references to Old_Number_Theory in the HOL libraries
3584 * HOL-Multivariate_Analysis:
3585 - Type class ordered_real_vector for ordered vector spaces.
3586 - New theory Complex_Basic_Analysis defining complex derivatives,
3587 holomorphic functions, etc., ported from HOL Light's canal.ml.
3588 - Changed order of ordered_euclidean_space to be compatible with
3589 pointwise ordering on products. Therefore instance of
3590 conditionally_complete_lattice and ordered_real_vector.
3591 INCOMPATIBILITY: use box instead of greaterThanLessThan or
3592 explicit set-comprehensions with eucl_less for other (half-)open
3594 - removed dependencies on type class ordered_euclidean_space with
3595 introduction of "cbox" on euclidean_space
3598 mem_interval ~> mem_box
3599 interval_eq_empty ~> box_eq_empty
3600 interval_ne_empty ~> box_ne_empty
3601 interval_sing(1) ~> cbox_sing
3602 interval_sing(2) ~> box_sing
3603 subset_interval_imp ~> subset_box_imp
3604 subset_interval ~> subset_box
3605 open_interval ~> open_box
3606 closed_interval ~> closed_cbox
3607 interior_closed_interval ~> interior_cbox
3608 bounded_closed_interval ~> bounded_cbox
3609 compact_interval ~> compact_cbox
3610 bounded_subset_closed_interval_symmetric ~> bounded_subset_cbox_symmetric
3611 bounded_subset_closed_interval ~> bounded_subset_cbox
3612 mem_interval_componentwiseI ~> mem_box_componentwiseI
3613 convex_box ~> convex_prod
3614 rel_interior_real_interval ~> rel_interior_real_box
3615 convex_interval ~> convex_box
3616 convex_hull_eq_real_interval ~> convex_hull_eq_real_cbox
3617 frechet_derivative_within_closed_interval ~> frechet_derivative_within_cbox
3618 content_closed_interval' ~> content_cbox'
3619 elementary_subset_interval ~> elementary_subset_box
3620 diameter_closed_interval ~> diameter_cbox
3621 frontier_closed_interval ~> frontier_cbox
3622 frontier_open_interval ~> frontier_box
3623 bounded_subset_open_interval_symmetric ~> bounded_subset_box_symmetric
3624 closure_open_interval ~> closure_box
3625 open_closed_interval_convex ~> open_cbox_convex
3626 open_interval_midpoint ~> box_midpoint
3627 content_image_affinity_interval ~> content_image_affinity_cbox
3628 is_interval_interval ~> is_interval_cbox + is_interval_box + is_interval_closed_interval
3629 bounded_interval ~> bounded_closed_interval + bounded_boxes
3631 - respective theorems for intervals over the reals:
3632 content_closed_interval + content_cbox
3633 has_integral + has_integral_real
3634 fine_division_exists + fine_division_exists_real
3635 has_integral_null + has_integral_null_real
3636 tagged_division_union_interval + tagged_division_union_interval_real
3637 has_integral_const + has_integral_const_real
3638 integral_const + integral_const_real
3639 has_integral_bound + has_integral_bound_real
3640 integrable_continuous + integrable_continuous_real
3641 integrable_subinterval + integrable_subinterval_real
3642 has_integral_reflect_lemma + has_integral_reflect_lemma_real
3643 integrable_reflect + integrable_reflect_real
3644 integral_reflect + integral_reflect_real
3645 image_affinity_interval + image_affinity_cbox
3646 image_smult_interval + image_smult_cbox
3647 integrable_const + integrable_const_ivl
3648 integrable_on_subinterval + integrable_on_subcbox
3651 derivative_linear ~> has_derivative_bounded_linear
3652 derivative_is_linear ~> has_derivative_linear
3653 bounded_linear_imp_linear ~> bounded_linear.linear
3656 - Renamed positive_integral to nn_integral:
3658 . Renamed all lemmas "*positive_integral*" to *nn_integral*"
3659 positive_integral_positive ~> nn_integral_nonneg
3661 . Renamed abbreviation integral\<^sup>P to integral\<^sup>N.
3663 - replaced the Lebesgue integral on real numbers by the more general
3664 Bochner integral for functions into a real-normed vector space.
3666 integral_zero ~> integral_zero / integrable_zero
3667 integral_minus ~> integral_minus / integrable_minus
3668 integral_add ~> integral_add / integrable_add
3669 integral_diff ~> integral_diff / integrable_diff
3670 integral_setsum ~> integral_setsum / integrable_setsum
3671 integral_multc ~> integral_mult_left / integrable_mult_left
3672 integral_cmult ~> integral_mult_right / integrable_mult_right
3673 integral_triangle_inequality~> integral_norm_bound
3674 integrable_nonneg ~> integrableI_nonneg
3675 integral_positive ~> integral_nonneg_AE
3676 integrable_abs_iff ~> integrable_abs_cancel
3677 positive_integral_lim_INF ~> nn_integral_liminf
3678 lebesgue_real_affine ~> lborel_real_affine
3679 borel_integral_has_integral ~> has_integral_lebesgue_integral
3680 integral_indicator ~>
3681 integral_real_indicator / integrable_real_indicator
3682 positive_integral_fst ~> nn_integral_fst'
3683 positive_integral_fst_measurable ~> nn_integral_fst
3684 positive_integral_snd_measurable ~> nn_integral_snd
3686 integrable_fst_measurable ~>
3687 integral_fst / integrable_fst / AE_integrable_fst
3689 integrable_snd_measurable ~>
3690 integral_snd / integrable_snd / AE_integrable_snd
3692 integral_monotone_convergence ~>
3693 integral_monotone_convergence / integrable_monotone_convergence
3695 integral_monotone_convergence_at_top ~>
3696 integral_monotone_convergence_at_top /
3697 integrable_monotone_convergence_at_top
3699 has_integral_iff_positive_integral_lebesgue ~>
3700 has_integral_iff_has_bochner_integral_lebesgue_nonneg
3702 lebesgue_integral_has_integral ~>
3703 has_integral_integrable_lebesgue_nonneg
3705 positive_integral_lebesgue_has_integral ~>
3706 integral_has_integral_lebesgue_nonneg /
3707 integrable_has_integral_lebesgue_nonneg
3709 lebesgue_integral_real_affine ~>
3710 nn_integral_real_affine
3712 has_integral_iff_positive_integral_lborel ~>
3713 integral_has_integral_nonneg / integrable_has_integral_nonneg
3715 The following theorems where removed:
3717 lebesgue_integral_nonneg
3718 lebesgue_integral_uminus
3719 lebesgue_integral_cmult
3720 lebesgue_integral_multc
3721 lebesgue_integral_cmult_nonneg
3722 integral_cmul_indicator
3725 - Formalized properties about exponentially, Erlang, and normal
3726 distributed random variables.
3728 * HOL-Decision_Procs: Separate command 'approximate' for approximative
3729 computation in src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Approximation. Minor
3735 * The signature and semantics of Document.Snapshot.cumulate_markup /
3736 select_markup have been clarified. Markup is now traversed in the
3737 order of reports given by the prover: later markup is usually more
3738 specific and may override results accumulated so far. The elements
3739 guard is mandatory and checked precisely. Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY.
3741 * Substantial reworking of internal PIDE protocol communication
3742 channels. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3747 * Subtle change of semantics of Thm.eq_thm: theory stamps are not
3748 compared (according to Thm.thm_ord), but assumed to be covered by the
3749 current background theory. Thus equivalent data produced in different
3750 branches of the theory graph usually coincides (e.g. relevant for
3751 theory merge). Note that the softer Thm.eq_thm_prop is often more
3752 appropriate than Thm.eq_thm.
3754 * Proper context for basic Simplifier operations: rewrite_rule,
3755 rewrite_goals_rule, rewrite_goals_tac etc. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to
3756 pass runtime Proof.context (and ensure that the simplified entity
3757 actually belongs to it).
3759 * Proper context discipline for read_instantiate and instantiate_tac:
3760 variables that are meant to become schematic need to be given as
3761 fixed, and are generalized by the explicit context of local variables.
3762 This corresponds to Isar attributes "where" and "of" with 'for'
3763 declaration. INCOMPATIBILITY, also due to potential change of indices
3764 of schematic variables.
3766 * Moved ML_Compiler.exn_trace and other operations on exceptions to
3767 structure Runtime. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3769 * Discontinued old Toplevel.debug in favour of system option
3770 "ML_exception_trace", which may be also declared within the context
3771 via "declare [[ML_exception_trace = true]]". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3773 * Renamed configuration option "ML_trace" to "ML_source_trace". Minor
3776 * Configuration option "ML_print_depth" controls the pretty-printing
3777 depth of the ML compiler within the context. The old print_depth in
3778 ML is still available as default_print_depth, but rarely used. Minor
3781 * Toplevel function "use" refers to raw ML bootstrap environment,
3782 without Isar context nor antiquotations. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3783 Note that 'ML_file' is the canonical command to load ML files into the
3786 * Simplified programming interface to define ML antiquotations, see
3787 structure ML_Antiquotation. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3789 * ML antiquotation @{here} refers to its source position, which is
3790 occasionally useful for experimentation and diagnostic purposes.
3792 * ML antiquotation @{path} produces a Path.T value, similarly to
3793 Path.explode, but with compile-time check against the file-system and
3794 some PIDE markup. Note that unlike theory source, ML does not have a
3795 well-defined master directory, so an absolute symbolic path
3796 specification is usually required, e.g. "~~/src/HOL".
3798 * ML antiquotation @{print} inlines a function to print an arbitrary
3799 ML value, which is occasionally useful for diagnostic or demonstration
3805 * Proof General with its traditional helper scripts is now an optional
3806 Isabelle component, e.g. see ProofGeneral-4.2-2 from the Isabelle
3807 component repository http://isabelle.in.tum.de/components/. Note that
3808 the "system" manual provides general explanations about add-on
3809 components, especially those that are not bundled with the release.
3811 * The raw Isabelle process executable has been renamed from
3812 "isabelle-process" to "isabelle_process", which conforms to common
3813 shell naming conventions, and allows to define a shell function within
3814 the Isabelle environment to avoid dynamic path lookup. Rare
3815 incompatibility for old tools that do not use the ISABELLE_PROCESS
3818 * Former "isabelle tty" has been superseded by "isabelle console",
3819 with implicit build like "isabelle jedit", and without the mostly
3820 obsolete Isar TTY loop.
3822 * Simplified "isabelle display" tool. Settings variables DVI_VIEWER
3823 and PDF_VIEWER now refer to the actual programs, not shell
3824 command-lines. Discontinued option -c: invocation may be asynchronous
3825 via desktop environment, without any special precautions. Potential
3826 INCOMPATIBILITY with ambitious private settings.
3828 * Removed obsolete "isabelle unsymbolize". Note that the usual format
3829 for email communication is the Unicode rendering of Isabelle symbols,
3830 as produced by Isabelle/jEdit, for example.
3832 * Removed obsolete tool "wwwfind". Similar functionality may be
3833 integrated into Isabelle/jEdit eventually.
3835 * Improved 'display_drafts' concerning desktop integration and
3836 repeated invocation in PIDE front-end: re-use single file
3837 $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/tmp/drafts.pdf and corresponding views.
3839 * Session ROOT specifications require explicit 'document_files' for
3840 robust dependencies on LaTeX sources. Only these explicitly given
3841 files are copied to the document output directory, before document
3842 processing is started.
3844 * Windows: support for regular TeX installation (e.g. MiKTeX) instead
3845 of TeX Live from Cygwin.
3849 New in Isabelle2013-2 (December 2013)
3850 -------------------------------------
3852 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
3854 * More robust editing of running commands with internal forks,
3855 e.g. non-terminating 'by' steps.
3857 * More relaxed Sledgehammer panel: avoid repeated application of query
3858 after edits surrounding the command location.
3860 * More status information about commands that are interrupted
3861 accidentally (via physical event or Poly/ML runtime system signal,
3862 e.g. out-of-memory).
3867 * More robust termination of external processes managed by
3868 Isabelle/ML: support cancellation of tasks within the range of
3869 milliseconds, as required for PIDE document editing with automatically
3870 tried tools (e.g. Sledgehammer).
3872 * Reactivated Isabelle/Scala kill command for external processes on
3873 Mac OS X, which was accidentally broken in Isabelle2013-1 due to a
3874 workaround for some Debian/Ubuntu Linux versions from 2013.
3878 New in Isabelle2013-1 (November 2013)
3879 -------------------------------------
3883 * Discontinued obsolete 'uses' within theory header. Note that
3884 commands like 'ML_file' work without separate declaration of file
3885 dependencies. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3887 * Discontinued redundant 'use' command, which was superseded by
3888 'ML_file' in Isabelle2013. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3890 * Simplified subscripts within identifiers, using plain \<^sub>
3891 instead of the second copy \<^isub> and \<^isup>. Superscripts are
3892 only for literal tokens within notation; explicit mixfix annotations
3893 for consts or fixed variables may be used as fall-back for unusual
3894 names. Obsolete \<twosuperior> has been expanded to \<^sup>2 in
3895 Isabelle/HOL. INCOMPATIBILITY, use "isabelle update_sub_sup" to
3896 standardize symbols as a starting point for further manual cleanup.
3897 The ML reference variable "legacy_isub_isup" may be set as temporary
3898 workaround, to make the prover accept a subset of the old identifier
3901 * Document antiquotations: term style "isub" has been renamed to
3902 "sub". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3904 * Uniform management of "quick_and_dirty" as system option (see also
3905 "isabelle options"), configuration option within the context (see also
3906 Config.get in Isabelle/ML), and attribute in Isabelle/Isar. Minor
3907 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use more official Isabelle means to access
3908 quick_and_dirty, instead of historical poking into mutable reference.
3910 * Renamed command 'print_configs' to 'print_options'. Minor
3913 * Proper diagnostic command 'print_state'. Old 'pr' (with its
3914 implicit change of some global references) is retained for now as
3915 control command, e.g. for ProofGeneral 3.7.x.
3917 * Discontinued 'print_drafts' command with its old-fashioned PS output
3918 and Unix command-line print spooling. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: use
3919 'display_drafts' instead and print via the regular document viewer.
3921 * Updated and extended "isar-ref" and "implementation" manual,
3922 eliminated old "ref" manual.
3925 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
3927 * New manual "jedit" for Isabelle/jEdit, see isabelle doc or
3928 Documentation panel.
3930 * Dockable window "Documentation" provides access to Isabelle
3933 * Dockable window "Find" provides query operations for formal entities
3934 (GUI front-end to 'find_theorems' command).
3936 * Dockable window "Sledgehammer" manages asynchronous / parallel
3937 sledgehammer runs over existing document sources, independently of
3938 normal editing and checking process.
3940 * Dockable window "Timing" provides an overview of relevant command
3941 timing information, depending on option jedit_timing_threshold. The
3942 same timing information is shown in the extended tooltip of the
3943 command keyword, when hovering the mouse over it while the CONTROL or
3944 COMMAND modifier is pressed.
3946 * Improved dockable window "Theories": Continuous checking of proof
3947 document (visible and required parts) may be controlled explicitly,
3948 using check box or shortcut "C+e ENTER". Individual theory nodes may
3949 be marked explicitly as required and checked in full, using check box
3950 or shortcut "C+e SPACE".
3952 * Improved completion mechanism, which is now managed by the
3953 Isabelle/jEdit plugin instead of SideKick. Refined table of Isabelle
3954 symbol abbreviations (see $ISABELLE_HOME/etc/symbols).
3956 * Standard jEdit keyboard shortcut C+b complete-word is remapped to
3957 isabelle.complete for explicit completion in Isabelle sources.
3958 INCOMPATIBILITY wrt. jEdit defaults, may have to invent new shortcuts
3959 to resolve conflict.
3961 * Improved support of various "minor modes" for Isabelle NEWS,
3962 options, session ROOT etc., with completion and SideKick tree view.
3964 * Strictly monotonic document update, without premature cancellation of
3965 running transactions that are still needed: avoid reset/restart of
3966 such command executions while editing.
3968 * Support for asynchronous print functions, as overlay to existing
3971 * Support for automatic tools in HOL, which try to prove or disprove
3972 toplevel theorem statements.
3974 * Action isabelle.reset-font-size resets main text area font size
3975 according to Isabelle/Scala plugin option "jedit_font_reset_size" (see
3976 also "Plugin Options / Isabelle / General"). It can be bound to some
3977 keyboard shortcut by the user (e.g. C+0 and/or C+NUMPAD0).
3979 * File specifications in jEdit (e.g. file browser) may refer to
3980 $ISABELLE_HOME and $ISABELLE_HOME_USER on all platforms. Discontinued
3981 obsolete $ISABELLE_HOME_WINDOWS variable.
3983 * Improved support for Linux look-and-feel "GTK+", see also "Utilities
3984 / Global Options / Appearance".
3986 * Improved support of native Mac OS X functionality via "MacOSX"
3987 plugin, which is now enabled by default.
3992 * Commands 'interpretation' and 'sublocale' are now target-sensitive.
3993 In particular, 'interpretation' allows for non-persistent
3994 interpretation within "context ... begin ... end" blocks offering a
3995 light-weight alternative to 'sublocale'. See "isar-ref" manual for
3998 * Improved locales diagnostic command 'print_dependencies'.
4000 * Discontinued obsolete 'axioms' command, which has been marked as
4001 legacy since Isabelle2009-2. INCOMPATIBILITY, use 'axiomatization'
4002 instead, while observing its uniform scope for polymorphism.
4004 * Discontinued empty name bindings in 'axiomatization'.
4007 * System option "proofs" has been discontinued. Instead the global
4008 state of Proofterm.proofs is persistently compiled into logic images
4009 as required, notably HOL-Proofs. Users no longer need to change
4010 Proofterm.proofs dynamically. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4012 * Syntax translation functions (print_translation etc.) always depend
4013 on Proof.context. Discontinued former "(advanced)" option -- this is
4014 now the default. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4016 * Former global reference trace_unify_fail is now available as
4017 configuration option "unify_trace_failure" (global context only).
4019 * SELECT_GOAL now retains the syntactic context of the overall goal
4020 state (schematic variables etc.). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in rare
4026 * Stronger precedence of syntax for big intersection and union on
4027 sets, in accordance with corresponding lattice operations.
4030 * Notation "{p:A. P}" now allows tuple patterns as well.
4032 * Nested case expressions are now translated in a separate check phase
4033 rather than during parsing. The data for case combinators is separated
4034 from the datatype package. The declaration attribute
4035 "case_translation" can be used to register new case combinators:
4037 declare [[case_translation case_combinator constructor1 ... constructorN]]
4040 - 'code_printing' unifies 'code_const' / 'code_type' / 'code_class' /
4042 - 'code_identifier' declares name hints for arbitrary identifiers in
4043 generated code, subsuming 'code_modulename'.
4045 See the isar-ref manual for syntax diagrams, and the HOL theories for
4048 * Attibute 'code': 'code' now declares concrete and abstract code
4049 equations uniformly. Use explicit 'code equation' and 'code abstract'
4050 to distinguish both when desired.
4052 * Discontinued theories Code_Integer and Efficient_Nat by a more
4053 fine-grain stack of theories Code_Target_Int, Code_Binary_Nat,
4054 Code_Target_Nat and Code_Target_Numeral. See the tutorial on code
4055 generation for details. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4057 * Numeric types are mapped by default to target language numerals:
4058 natural (replaces former code_numeral) and integer (replaces former
4059 code_int). Conversions are available as integer_of_natural /
4060 natural_of_integer / integer_of_nat / nat_of_integer (in HOL) and
4061 Code_Numeral.integer_of_natural / Code_Numeral.natural_of_integer (in
4062 ML). INCOMPATIBILITY.
4064 * Function package: For mutually recursive functions f and g, separate
4065 cases rules f.cases and g.cases are generated instead of unusable
4066 f_g.cases which exposed internal sum types. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY,
4067 in the case that the unusable rule was used nevertheless.
4069 * Function package: For each function f, new rules f.elims are
4070 generated, which eliminate equalities of the form "f x = t".
4072 * New command 'fun_cases' derives ad-hoc elimination rules for
4073 function equations as simplified instances of f.elims, analogous to
4074 inductive_cases. See ~~/src/HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy for some examples.
4077 - parametrized correspondence relations are now supported:
4078 + parametricity theorems for the raw term can be specified in
4079 the command lift_definition, which allow us to generate stronger
4081 + setup_lifting generates stronger transfer rules if parametric
4082 correspondence relation can be generated
4083 + various new properties of the relator must be specified to support
4085 + parametricity theorem for the Quotient relation can be specified
4086 - setup_lifting generates domain rules for the Transfer package
4087 - stronger reflexivity prover of respectfulness theorems for type
4089 - ===> and --> are now local. The symbols can be introduced
4090 by interpreting the locale lifting_syntax (typically in an
4092 - Lifting/Transfer relevant parts of Library/Quotient_* are now in
4093 Main. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
4094 - new commands for restoring and deleting Lifting/Transfer context:
4095 lifting_forget, lifting_update
4096 - the command print_quotmaps was renamed to print_quot_maps.
4100 - better support for domains in Transfer: replace Domainp T
4101 by the actual invariant in a transferred goal
4102 - transfer rules can have as assumptions other transfer rules
4103 - Experimental support for transferring from the raw level to the
4104 abstract level: Transfer.transferred attribute
4105 - Attribute version of the transfer method: untransferred attribute
4107 * Reification and reflection:
4108 - Reification is now directly available in HOL-Main in structure
4110 - Reflection now handles multiple lists with variables also.
4111 - The whole reflection stack has been decomposed into conversions.
4114 * Revised devices for recursive definitions over finite sets:
4115 - Only one fundamental fold combinator on finite set remains:
4116 Finite_Set.fold :: ('a => 'b => 'b) => 'b => 'a set => 'b
4117 This is now identity on infinite sets.
4118 - Locales ("mini packages") for fundamental definitions with
4119 Finite_Set.fold: folding, folding_idem.
4120 - Locales comm_monoid_set, semilattice_order_set and
4121 semilattice_neutr_order_set for big operators on sets.
4122 See theory Big_Operators for canonical examples.
4123 Note that foundational constants comm_monoid_set.F and
4124 semilattice_set.F correspond to former combinators fold_image
4125 and fold1 respectively. These are now gone. You may use
4126 those foundational constants as substitutes, but it is
4127 preferable to interpret the above locales accordingly.
4128 - Dropped class ab_semigroup_idem_mult (special case of lattice,
4129 no longer needed in connection with Finite_Set.fold etc.)
4131 card.union_inter ~> card_Un_Int [symmetric]
4132 card.union_disjoint ~> card_Un_disjoint
4135 * Locale hierarchy for abstract orderings and (semi)lattices.
4137 * Complete_Partial_Order.admissible is defined outside the type class
4138 ccpo, but with mandatory prefix ccpo. Admissibility theorems lose the
4139 class predicate assumption or sort constraint when possible.
4142 * Introduce type class "conditionally_complete_lattice": Like a
4143 complete lattice but does not assume the existence of the top and
4144 bottom elements. Allows to generalize some lemmas about reals and
4145 extended reals. Removed SupInf and replaced it by the instantiation
4146 of conditionally_complete_lattice for real. Renamed lemmas about
4147 conditionally-complete lattice from Sup_... to cSup_... and from
4148 Inf_... to cInf_... to avoid hidding of similar complete lattice
4151 * Introduce type class linear_continuum as combination of
4152 conditionally-complete lattices and inner dense linorders which have
4153 more than one element. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4155 * Introduced type classes order_top and order_bot. The old classes top
4156 and bot only contain the syntax without assumptions. INCOMPATIBILITY:
4157 Rename bot -> order_bot, top -> order_top
4159 * Introduce type classes "no_top" and "no_bot" for orderings without
4160 top and bottom elements.
4162 * Split dense_linorder into inner_dense_order and no_top, no_bot.
4164 * Complex_Main: Unify and move various concepts from
4165 HOL-Multivariate_Analysis to HOL-Complex_Main.
4167 - Introduce type class (lin)order_topology and
4168 linear_continuum_topology. Allows to generalize theorems about
4169 limits and order. Instances are reals and extended reals.
4171 - continuous and continuos_on from Multivariate_Analysis:
4172 "continuous" is the continuity of a function at a filter. "isCont"
4173 is now an abbrevitation: "isCont x f == continuous (at _) f".
4175 Generalized continuity lemmas from isCont to continuous on an
4178 - compact from Multivariate_Analysis. Use Bolzano's lemma to prove
4179 compactness of closed intervals on reals. Continuous functions
4180 attain infimum and supremum on compact sets. The inverse of a
4181 continuous function is continuous, when the function is continuous
4184 - connected from Multivariate_Analysis. Use it to prove the
4185 intermediate value theorem. Show connectedness of intervals on
4186 linear_continuum_topology).
4188 - first_countable_topology from Multivariate_Analysis. Is used to
4189 show equivalence of properties on the neighbourhood filter of x and
4190 on all sequences converging to x.
4192 - FDERIV: Definition of has_derivative moved to Deriv.thy. Moved
4193 theorems from Library/FDERIV.thy to Deriv.thy and base the
4194 definition of DERIV on FDERIV. Add variants of DERIV and FDERIV
4195 which are restricted to sets, i.e. to represent derivatives from
4198 - Removed the within-filter. It is replaced by the principal filter:
4200 F within X = inf F (principal X)
4202 - Introduce "at x within U" as a single constant, "at x" is now an
4203 abbreviation for "at x within UNIV"
4205 - Introduce named theorem collections tendsto_intros,
4206 continuous_intros, continuous_on_intros and FDERIV_intros. Theorems
4207 in tendsto_intros (or FDERIV_intros) are also available as
4208 tendsto_eq_intros (or FDERIV_eq_intros) where the right-hand side
4209 is replaced by a congruence rule. This allows to apply them as
4210 intro rules and then proving equivalence by the simplifier.
4212 - Restructured theories in HOL-Complex_Main:
4214 + Moved RealDef and RComplete into Real
4216 + Introduced Topological_Spaces and moved theorems about
4217 topological spaces, filters, limits and continuity to it
4219 + Renamed RealVector to Real_Vector_Spaces
4221 + Split Lim, SEQ, Series into Topological_Spaces,
4222 Real_Vector_Spaces, and Limits
4224 + Moved Ln and Log to Transcendental
4226 + Moved theorems about continuity from Deriv to Topological_Spaces
4228 - Remove various auxiliary lemmas.
4233 - Added option "spy".
4234 - Reduce incidence of "too high arity" errors.
4238 isar_shrink ~> isar_compress
4240 - Added options "isar_try0", "spy".
4241 - Better support for "isar_proofs".
4242 - MaSh has been fined-tuned and now runs as a local server.
4244 * Improved support for ad hoc overloading of constants (see also
4245 isar-ref manual and ~~/src/HOL/ex/Adhoc_Overloading_Examples.thy).
4247 * Library/Polynomial.thy:
4248 - Use lifting for primitive definitions.
4249 - Explicit conversions from and to lists of coefficients, used for
4251 - Replaced recursion operator poly_rec by fold_coeffs.
4252 - Prefer pre-existing gcd operation for gcd.
4254 poly_eq_iff ~> poly_eq_poly_eq_iff
4255 poly_ext ~> poly_eqI
4256 expand_poly_eq ~> poly_eq_iff
4259 * New Library/Simps_Case_Conv.thy: Provides commands simps_of_case and
4260 case_of_simps to convert function definitions between a list of
4261 equations with patterns on the lhs and a single equation with case
4262 expressions on the rhs. See also Ex/Simps_Case_Conv_Examples.thy.
4264 * New Library/FSet.thy: type of finite sets defined as a subtype of
4265 sets defined by Lifting/Transfer.
4267 * Discontinued theory src/HOL/Library/Eval_Witness. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4269 * Consolidation of library theories on product orders:
4271 Product_Lattice ~> Product_Order -- pointwise order on products
4272 Product_ord ~> Product_Lexorder -- lexicographic order on products
4276 * Imperative-HOL: The MREC combinator is considered legacy and no
4277 longer included by default. INCOMPATIBILITY, use partial_function
4278 instead, or import theory Legacy_Mrec as a fallback.
4280 * HOL-Algebra: Discontinued theories ~~/src/HOL/Algebra/abstract and
4281 ~~/src/HOL/Algebra/poly. Existing theories should be based on
4282 ~~/src/HOL/Library/Polynomial instead. The latter provides
4283 integration with HOL's type classes for rings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4286 - Various improvements to BNF-based (co)datatype package, including
4287 new commands "primrec_new", "primcorec", and
4288 "datatype_new_compat", as well as documentation. See
4289 "datatypes.pdf" for details.
4290 - New "coinduction" method to avoid some boilerplate (compared to
4293 data ~> datatype_new
4294 codata ~> codatatype
4296 - Renamed many generated theorems, including
4298 map_comp' ~> map_comp
4308 * Spec_Check is a Quickcheck tool for Isabelle/ML. The ML function
4309 "check_property" allows to check specifications of the form "ALL x y
4310 z. prop x y z". See also ~~/src/Tools/Spec_Check/ with its
4311 Examples.thy in particular.
4313 * Improved printing of exception trace in Poly/ML 5.5.1, with regular
4314 tracing output in the command transaction context instead of physical
4315 stdout. See also Toplevel.debug, Toplevel.debugging and
4316 ML_Compiler.exn_trace.
4318 * ML type "theory" is now immutable, without any special treatment of
4319 drafts or linear updates (which could lead to "stale theory" errors in
4320 the past). Discontinued obsolete operations like Theory.copy,
4321 Theory.checkpoint, and the auxiliary type theory_ref. Minor
4324 * More uniform naming of goal functions for skipped proofs:
4326 Skip_Proof.prove ~> Goal.prove_sorry
4327 Skip_Proof.prove_global ~> Goal.prove_sorry_global
4329 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4331 * Simplifier tactics and tools use proper Proof.context instead of
4332 historic type simpset. Old-style declarations like addsimps,
4333 addsimprocs etc. operate directly on Proof.context. Raw type simpset
4334 retains its use as snapshot of the main Simplifier context, using
4335 simpset_of and put_simpset on Proof.context. INCOMPATIBILITY -- port
4336 old tools by making them depend on (ctxt : Proof.context) instead of
4337 (ss : simpset), then turn (simpset_of ctxt) into ctxt.
4339 * Modifiers for classical wrappers (e.g. addWrapper, delWrapper)
4340 operate on Proof.context instead of claset, for uniformity with addIs,
4341 addEs, addDs etc. Note that claset_of and put_claset allow to manage
4342 clasets separately from the context.
4344 * Discontinued obsolete ML antiquotations @{claset} and @{simpset}.
4345 INCOMPATIBILITY, use @{context} instead.
4347 * Antiquotation @{theory_context A} is similar to @{theory A}, but
4348 presents the result as initial Proof.context.
4353 * Discontinued obsolete isabelle usedir, mkdir, make -- superseded by
4354 "isabelle build" in Isabelle2013. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4356 * Discontinued obsolete isabelle-process options -f and -u (former
4357 administrative aliases of option -e). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4359 * Discontinued obsolete isabelle print tool, and PRINT_COMMAND
4362 * Discontinued ISABELLE_DOC_FORMAT settings variable and historic
4363 document formats: dvi.gz, ps, ps.gz -- the default document format is
4366 * Isabelle settings variable ISABELLE_BUILD_JAVA_OPTIONS allows to
4367 specify global resources of the JVM process run by isabelle build.
4369 * Toplevel executable $ISABELLE_HOME/bin/isabelle_scala_script allows
4370 to run Isabelle/Scala source files as standalone programs.
4372 * Improved "isabelle keywords" tool (for old-style ProofGeneral
4373 keyword tables): use Isabelle/Scala operations, which inspect outer
4374 syntax without requiring to build sessions first.
4376 * Sessions may be organized via 'chapter' specifications in the ROOT
4377 file, which determines a two-level hierarchy of browser info. The old
4378 tree-like organization via implicit sub-session relation (with its
4379 tendency towards erratic fluctuation of URLs) has been discontinued.
4380 The default chapter is called "Unsorted". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
4381 for HTML presentation of theories.
4385 New in Isabelle2013 (February 2013)
4386 -----------------------------------
4390 * Theorem status about oracles and unfinished/failed future proofs is
4391 no longer printed by default, since it is incompatible with
4392 incremental / parallel checking of the persistent document model. ML
4393 function Thm.peek_status may be used to inspect a snapshot of the
4394 ongoing evaluation process. Note that in batch mode --- notably
4395 isabelle build --- the system ensures that future proofs of all
4396 accessible theorems in the theory context are finished (as before).
4398 * Configuration option show_markup controls direct inlining of markup
4399 into the printed representation of formal entities --- notably type
4400 and sort constraints. This enables Prover IDE users to retrieve that
4401 information via tooltips in the output window, for example.
4403 * Command 'ML_file' evaluates ML text from a file directly within the
4404 theory, without any predeclaration via 'uses' in the theory header.
4406 * Old command 'use' command and corresponding keyword 'uses' in the
4407 theory header are legacy features and will be discontinued soon.
4408 Tools that load their additional source files may imitate the
4409 'ML_file' implementation, such that the system can take care of
4410 dependencies properly.
4412 * Discontinued obsolete method fastsimp / tactic fast_simp_tac, which
4413 is called fastforce / fast_force_tac already since Isabelle2011-1.
4415 * Updated and extended "isar-ref" and "implementation" manual, reduced
4416 remaining material in old "ref" manual.
4418 * Improved support for auxiliary contexts that indicate block structure
4419 for specifications. Nesting of "context fixes ... context assumes ..."
4420 and "class ... context ...".
4422 * Attribute "consumes" allows a negative value as well, which is
4423 interpreted relatively to the total number of premises of the rule in
4424 the target context. This form of declaration is stable when exported
4425 from a nested 'context' with additional assumptions. It is the
4426 preferred form for definitional packages, notably cases/rules produced
4427 in HOL/inductive and HOL/function.
4429 * More informative error messages for Isar proof commands involving
4430 lazy enumerations (method applications etc.).
4432 * Refined 'help' command to retrieve outer syntax commands according
4433 to name patterns (with clickable results).
4436 *** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***
4438 * Parallel terminal proofs ('by') are enabled by default, likewise
4439 proofs that are built into packages like 'datatype', 'function'. This
4440 allows to "run ahead" checking the theory specifications on the
4441 surface, while the prover is still crunching on internal
4442 justifications. Unfinished / cancelled proofs are restarted as
4443 required to complete full proof checking eventually.
4445 * Improved output panel with tooltips, hyperlinks etc. based on the
4446 same Rich_Text_Area as regular Isabelle/jEdit buffers. Activation of
4447 tooltips leads to some window that supports the same recursively,
4448 which can lead to stacks of tooltips as the semantic document content
4449 is explored. ESCAPE closes the whole stack, individual windows may be
4450 closed separately, or detached to become independent jEdit dockables.
4452 * Improved support for commands that produce graph output: the text
4453 message contains a clickable area to open a new instance of the graph
4456 * More robust incremental parsing of outer syntax (partial comments,
4457 malformed symbols). Changing the balance of open/close quotes and
4458 comment delimiters works more conveniently with unfinished situations
4459 that frequently occur in user interaction.
4461 * More efficient painting and improved reactivity when editing large
4462 files. More scalable management of formal document content.
4464 * Smarter handling of tracing messages: prover process pauses after
4465 certain number of messages per command transaction, with some user
4466 dialog to stop or continue. This avoids swamping the front-end with
4467 potentially infinite message streams.
4469 * More plugin options and preferences, based on Isabelle/Scala. The
4470 jEdit plugin option panel provides access to some Isabelle/Scala
4471 options, including tuning parameters for editor reactivity and color
4474 * Dockable window "Symbols" provides some editing support for Isabelle
4477 * Dockable window "Monitor" shows ML runtime statistics. Note that
4478 continuous display of the chart slows down the system.
4480 * Improved editing support for control styles: subscript, superscript,
4481 bold, reset of style -- operating on single symbols or text
4482 selections. Cf. keyboard shortcuts C+e DOWN/UP/RIGHT/LEFT.
4484 * Actions isabelle.increase-font-size and isabelle.decrease-font-size
4485 adjust the main text area font size, and its derivatives for output,
4486 tooltips etc. Cf. keyboard shortcuts C-PLUS and C-MINUS, which often
4487 need to be adapted to local keyboard layouts.
4489 * More reactive completion popup by default: use \t (TAB) instead of
4490 \n (NEWLINE) to minimize intrusion into regular flow of editing. See
4491 also "Plugin Options / SideKick / General / Code Completion Options".
4493 * Implicit check and build dialog of the specified logic session
4494 image. For example, HOL, HOLCF, HOL-Nominal can be produced on
4495 demand, without bundling big platform-dependent heap images in the
4496 Isabelle distribution.
4498 * Uniform Java 7 platform on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows: recent updates
4499 from Oracle provide better multi-platform experience. This version is
4500 now bundled exclusively with Isabelle.
4505 * Code generation for Haskell: restrict unqualified imports from
4506 Haskell Prelude to a small set of fundamental operations.
4508 * Command 'export_code': relative file names are interpreted
4509 relatively to master directory of current theory rather than the
4510 rather arbitrary current working directory. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4512 * Discontinued obsolete attribute "COMP". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY,
4513 use regular rule composition via "OF" / "THEN", or explicit proof
4514 structure instead. Note that Isabelle/ML provides a variety of
4515 operators like COMP, INCR_COMP, COMP_INCR, which need to be applied
4516 with some care where this is really required.
4518 * Command 'typ' supports an additional variant with explicit sort
4519 constraint, to infer and check the most general type conforming to a
4520 given sort. Example (in HOL):
4522 typ "_ * _ * bool * unit" :: finite
4524 * Command 'locale_deps' visualizes all locales and their relations as
4532 - Added MaSh relevance filter based on machine-learning; see the
4533 Sledgehammer manual for details.
4534 - Polished Isar proofs generated with "isar_proofs" option.
4535 - Rationalized type encodings ("type_enc" option).
4536 - Renamed "kill_provers" subcommand to "kill_all".
4538 isar_proof ~> isar_proofs
4539 isar_shrink_factor ~> isar_shrink
4540 max_relevant ~> max_facts
4541 relevance_thresholds ~> fact_thresholds
4543 * Quickcheck: added an optimisation for equality premises. It is
4544 switched on by default, and can be switched off by setting the
4545 configuration quickcheck_optimise_equality to false.
4547 * Quotient: only one quotient can be defined by quotient_type
4551 - generation of an abstraction function equation in lift_definition
4552 - quot_del attribute
4553 - renamed no_abs_code -> no_code (INCOMPATIBILITY.)
4555 * Simproc "finite_Collect" rewrites set comprehensions into pointfree
4558 * Preprocessing of the code generator rewrites set comprehensions into
4559 pointfree expressions.
4561 * The SMT solver Z3 has now by default a restricted set of directly
4562 supported features. For the full set of features (div/mod, nonlinear
4563 arithmetic, datatypes/records) with potential proof reconstruction
4564 failures, enable the configuration option "z3_with_extensions". Minor
4567 * Simplified 'typedef' specifications: historical options for implicit
4568 set definition and alternative name have been discontinued. The
4569 former behavior of "typedef (open) t = A" is now the default, but
4570 written just "typedef t = A". INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt theories
4573 * Removed constant "chars"; prefer "Enum.enum" on type "char"
4574 directly. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4576 * Moved operation product, sublists and n_lists from theory Enum to
4577 List. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4579 * Theorem UN_o generalized to SUP_comp. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4581 * Class "comm_monoid_diff" formalises properties of bounded
4582 subtraction, with natural numbers and multisets as typical instances.
4584 * Added combinator "Option.these" with type "'a option set => 'a set".
4586 * Theory "Transitive_Closure": renamed lemmas
4588 reflcl_tranclp -> reflclp_tranclp
4589 rtranclp_reflcl -> rtranclp_reflclp
4593 * Theory "Rings": renamed lemmas (in class semiring)
4595 left_distrib ~> distrib_right
4596 right_distrib ~> distrib_left
4600 * Generalized the definition of limits:
4602 - Introduced the predicate filterlim (LIM x F. f x :> G) which
4603 expresses that when the input values x converge to F then the
4604 output f x converges to G.
4606 - Added filters for convergence to positive (at_top) and negative
4609 - Moved infinity in the norm (at_infinity) from
4610 Multivariate_Analysis to Complex_Main.
4612 - Removed real_tendsto_inf, it is superseded by "LIM x F. f x :>
4617 * Theory "Library/Option_ord" provides instantiation of option type to
4618 lattice type classes.
4620 * Theory "Library/Multiset": renamed
4622 constant fold_mset ~> Multiset.fold
4623 fact fold_mset_commute ~> fold_mset_comm
4627 * Renamed theory Library/List_Prefix to Library/Sublist, with related
4630 - Renamed constants (and related lemmas)
4633 strict_prefix ~> prefix
4635 - Replaced constant "postfix" by "suffixeq" with swapped argument
4636 order (i.e., "postfix xs ys" is now "suffixeq ys xs") and dropped
4637 old infix syntax "xs >>= ys"; use "suffixeq ys xs" instead.
4638 Renamed lemmas accordingly.
4640 - Added constant "list_hembeq" for homeomorphic embedding on
4641 lists. Added abbreviation "sublisteq" for special case
4642 "list_hembeq (op =)".
4644 - Theory Library/Sublist no longer provides "order" and "bot" type
4645 class instances for the prefix order (merely corresponding locale
4646 interpretations). The type class instances are now in theory
4647 Library/Prefix_Order.
4649 - The sublist relation of theory Library/Sublist_Order is now based
4650 on "Sublist.sublisteq". Renamed lemmas accordingly:
4652 le_list_append_le_same_iff ~> Sublist.sublisteq_append_le_same_iff
4653 le_list_append_mono ~> Sublist.list_hembeq_append_mono
4654 le_list_below_empty ~> Sublist.list_hembeq_Nil, Sublist.list_hembeq_Nil2
4655 le_list_Cons_EX ~> Sublist.list_hembeq_ConsD
4656 le_list_drop_Cons2 ~> Sublist.sublisteq_Cons2'
4657 le_list_drop_Cons_neq ~> Sublist.sublisteq_Cons2_neq
4658 le_list_drop_Cons ~> Sublist.sublisteq_Cons'
4659 le_list_drop_many ~> Sublist.sublisteq_drop_many
4660 le_list_filter_left ~> Sublist.sublisteq_filter_left
4661 le_list_rev_drop_many ~> Sublist.sublisteq_rev_drop_many
4662 le_list_rev_take_iff ~> Sublist.sublisteq_append
4663 le_list_same_length ~> Sublist.sublisteq_same_length
4664 le_list_take_many_iff ~> Sublist.sublisteq_append'
4665 less_eq_list.drop ~> less_eq_list_drop
4666 less_eq_list.induct ~> less_eq_list_induct
4667 not_le_list_length ~> Sublist.not_sublisteq_length
4671 * New theory Library/Countable_Set.
4673 * Theory Library/Debug and Library/Parallel provide debugging and
4674 parallel execution for code generated towards Isabelle/ML.
4676 * Theory Library/FuncSet: Extended support for Pi and extensional and
4677 introduce the extensional dependent function space "PiE". Replaced
4678 extensional_funcset by an abbreviation, and renamed lemmas from
4679 extensional_funcset to PiE as follows:
4681 extensional_empty ~> PiE_empty
4682 extensional_funcset_empty_domain ~> PiE_empty_domain
4683 extensional_funcset_empty_range ~> PiE_empty_range
4684 extensional_funcset_arb ~> PiE_arb
4685 extensional_funcset_mem ~> PiE_mem
4686 extensional_funcset_extend_domainI ~> PiE_fun_upd
4687 extensional_funcset_restrict_domain ~> fun_upd_in_PiE
4688 extensional_funcset_extend_domain_eq ~> PiE_insert_eq
4689 card_extensional_funcset ~> card_PiE
4690 finite_extensional_funcset ~> finite_PiE
4694 * Theory Library/FinFun: theory of almost everywhere constant
4695 functions (supersedes the AFP entry "Code Generation for Functions as
4698 * Theory Library/Phantom: generic phantom type to make a type
4699 parameter appear in a constant's type. This alternative to adding
4700 TYPE('a) as another parameter avoids unnecessary closures in generated
4703 * Theory Library/RBT_Impl: efficient construction of red-black trees
4704 from sorted associative lists. Merging two trees with rbt_union may
4705 return a structurally different tree than before. Potential
4708 * Theory Library/IArray: immutable arrays with code generation.
4710 * Theory Library/Finite_Lattice: theory of finite lattices.
4712 * HOL/Multivariate_Analysis: replaced
4714 "basis :: 'a::euclidean_space => nat => real"
4715 "\<Chi>\<Chi> :: (nat => real) => 'a::euclidean_space"
4717 on euclidean spaces by using the inner product "_ \<bullet> _" with
4718 vectors from the Basis set: "\<Chi>\<Chi> i. f i" is superseded by
4719 "SUM i : Basis. f i * r i".
4721 With this change the following constants are also changed or removed:
4723 DIM('a) :: nat ~> card (Basis :: 'a set) (is an abbreviation)
4724 a $$ i ~> inner a i (where i : Basis)
4726 \<pi>, \<pi>' removed
4728 Theorems about these constants where removed.
4732 component_le_norm ~> Basis_le_norm
4733 euclidean_eq ~> euclidean_eq_iff
4734 differential_zero_maxmin_component ~> differential_zero_maxmin_cart
4735 euclidean_simps ~> inner_simps
4736 independent_basis ~> independent_Basis
4737 span_basis ~> span_Basis
4738 in_span_basis ~> in_span_Basis
4739 norm_bound_component_le ~> norm_boound_Basis_le
4740 norm_bound_component_lt ~> norm_boound_Basis_lt
4741 component_le_infnorm ~> Basis_le_infnorm
4747 - Added simproc "measurable" to automatically prove measurability.
4749 - Added induction rules for sigma sets with disjoint union
4750 (sigma_sets_induct_disjoint) and for Borel-measurable functions
4751 (borel_measurable_induct).
4753 - Added the Daniell-Kolmogorov theorem (the existence the limit of a
4756 * HOL/Cardinals: Theories of ordinals and cardinals (supersedes the
4757 AFP entry "Ordinals_and_Cardinals").
4759 * HOL/BNF: New (co)datatype package based on bounded natural functors
4760 with support for mixed, nested recursion and interesting non-free
4763 * HOL/Finite_Set and Relation: added new set and relation operations
4764 expressed by Finite_Set.fold.
4766 * New theory HOL/Library/RBT_Set: implementation of sets by red-black
4767 trees for the code generator.
4769 * HOL/Library/RBT and HOL/Library/Mapping have been converted to
4771 possible INCOMPATIBILITY.
4773 * HOL/Set: renamed Set.project -> Set.filter
4777 *** Document preparation ***
4779 * Dropped legacy antiquotations "term_style" and "thm_style", since
4780 styles may be given as arguments to "term" and "thm" already.
4781 Discontinued legacy styles "prem1" .. "prem19".
4783 * Default LaTeX rendering for \<euro> is now based on eurosym package,
4784 instead of slightly exotic babel/greek.
4786 * Document variant NAME may use different LaTeX entry point
4787 document/root_NAME.tex if that file exists, instead of the common
4790 * Simplified custom document/build script, instead of old-style
4791 document/IsaMakefile. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4796 * The default limit for maximum number of worker threads is now 8,
4797 instead of 4, in correspondence to capabilities of contemporary
4798 hardware and Poly/ML runtime system.
4800 * Type Seq.results and related operations support embedded error
4801 messages within lazy enumerations, and thus allow to provide
4802 informative errors in the absence of any usable results.
4804 * Renamed Position.str_of to Position.here to emphasize that this is a
4805 formal device to inline positions into message text, but not
4806 necessarily printing visible text.
4811 * Advanced support for Isabelle sessions and build management, see
4812 "system" manual for the chapter of that name, especially the "isabelle
4813 build" tool and its examples. The "isabelle mkroot" tool prepares
4814 session root directories for use with "isabelle build", similar to
4815 former "isabelle mkdir" for "isabelle usedir". Note that this affects
4816 document preparation as well. INCOMPATIBILITY, isabelle usedir /
4817 mkdir / make are rendered obsolete.
4819 * Discontinued obsolete Isabelle/build script, it is superseded by the
4820 regular isabelle build tool. For example:
4822 isabelle build -s -b HOL
4824 * Discontinued obsolete "isabelle makeall".
4826 * Discontinued obsolete IsaMakefile and ROOT.ML files from the
4827 Isabelle distribution, except for rudimentary src/HOL/IsaMakefile that
4828 provides some traditional targets that invoke "isabelle build". Note
4829 that this is inefficient! Applications of Isabelle/HOL involving
4830 "isabelle make" should be upgraded to use "isabelle build" directly.
4832 * The "isabelle options" tool prints Isabelle system options, as
4833 required for "isabelle build", for example.
4835 * The "isabelle logo" tool produces EPS and PDF format simultaneously.
4836 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY in command-line options.
4838 * The "isabelle install" tool has now a simpler command-line. Minor
4841 * The "isabelle components" tool helps to resolve add-on components
4842 that are not bundled, or referenced from a bare-bones repository
4843 version of Isabelle.
4845 * Settings variable ISABELLE_PLATFORM_FAMILY refers to the general
4846 platform family: "linux", "macos", "windows".
4848 * The ML system is configured as regular component, and no longer
4849 picked up from some surrounding directory. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
4850 for home-made settings.
4852 * Improved ML runtime statistics (heap, threads, future tasks etc.).
4854 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.2.1, which was the last version
4855 without exception positions and advanced ML compiler/toplevel
4858 * Discontinued special treatment of Proof General -- no longer guess
4859 PROOFGENERAL_HOME based on accidental file-system layout. Minor
4860 INCOMPATIBILITY: provide PROOFGENERAL_HOME and PROOFGENERAL_OPTIONS
4861 settings manually, or use a Proof General version that has been
4862 bundled as Isabelle component.
4866 New in Isabelle2012 (May 2012)
4867 ------------------------------
4871 * Prover IDE (PIDE) improvements:
4873 - more robust Sledgehammer integration (as before the sledgehammer
4874 command-line needs to be typed into the source buffer)
4875 - markup for bound variables
4876 - markup for types of term variables (displayed as tooltips)
4877 - support for user-defined Isar commands within the running session
4878 - improved support for Unicode outside original 16bit range
4879 e.g. glyph for \<A> (thanks to jEdit 4.5.1)
4881 * Forward declaration of outer syntax keywords within the theory
4882 header -- minor INCOMPATIBILITY for user-defined commands. Allow new
4883 commands to be used in the same theory where defined.
4885 * Auxiliary contexts indicate block structure for specifications with
4886 additional parameters and assumptions. Such unnamed contexts may be
4887 nested within other targets, like 'theory', 'locale', 'class',
4888 'instantiation' etc. Results from the local context are generalized
4889 accordingly and applied to the enclosing target context. Example:
4893 assumes xy: "x = y" and yz: "y = z"
4896 lemma my_trans: "x = z" using xy yz by simp
4902 The most basic application is to factor-out context elements of
4903 several fixes/assumes/shows theorem statements, e.g. see
4904 ~~/src/HOL/Isar_Examples/Group_Context.thy
4906 Any other local theory specification element works within the "context
4907 ... begin ... end" block as well.
4909 * Bundled declarations associate attributed fact expressions with a
4910 given name in the context. These may be later included in other
4911 contexts. This allows to manage context extensions casually, without
4912 the logical dependencies of locales and locale interpretation. See
4913 commands 'bundle', 'include', 'including' etc. in the isar-ref manual.
4915 * Commands 'lemmas' and 'theorems' allow local variables using 'for'
4916 declaration, and results are standardized before being stored. Thus
4917 old-style "standard" after instantiation or composition of facts
4918 becomes obsolete. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, due to potential change of
4919 indices of schematic variables.
4921 * Rule attributes in local theory declarations (e.g. locale or class)
4922 are now statically evaluated: the resulting theorem is stored instead
4923 of the original expression. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
4924 the historic accident of dynamic re-evaluation in interpretations
4927 * New tutorial "Programming and Proving in Isabelle/HOL"
4928 ("prog-prove"). It completely supersedes "A Tutorial Introduction to
4929 Structured Isar Proofs" ("isar-overview"), which has been removed. It
4930 also supersedes "Isabelle/HOL, A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order
4931 Logic" as the recommended beginners tutorial, but does not cover all
4932 of the material of that old tutorial.
4934 * Updated and extended reference manuals: "isar-ref",
4935 "implementation", "system"; reduced remaining material in old "ref"
4941 * Command 'definition' no longer exports the foundational "raw_def"
4942 into the user context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, may use the regular
4943 "def" result with attribute "abs_def" to imitate the old version.
4945 * Attribute "abs_def" turns an equation of the form "f x y == t" into
4946 "f == %x y. t", which ensures that "simp" or "unfold" steps always
4947 expand it. This also works for object-logic equality. (Formerly
4948 undocumented feature.)
4950 * Sort constraints are now propagated in simultaneous statements, just
4951 like type constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
4952 distinct sorts used to be assigned accidentally. For example:
4954 lemma "P (x::'a::foo)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)" -- "now illegal"
4956 lemma "P (x::'a)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)"
4957 -- "now uniform 'a::bar instead of default sort for first occurrence (!)"
4959 * Rule composition via attribute "OF" (or ML functions OF/MRS) is more
4960 tolerant against multiple unifiers, as long as the final result is
4961 unique. (As before, rules are composed in canonical right-to-left
4962 order to accommodate newly introduced premises.)
4964 * Renamed some inner syntax categories:
4970 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that in practice "num_const" or
4971 "num_position" etc. are mainly used instead (which also include
4972 position information via constraints).
4974 * Simplified configuration options for syntax ambiguity: see
4975 "syntax_ambiguity_warning" and "syntax_ambiguity_limit" in isar-ref
4976 manual. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
4978 * Discontinued configuration option "syntax_positions": atomic terms
4979 in parse trees are always annotated by position constraints.
4981 * Old code generator for SML and its commands 'code_module',
4982 'code_library', 'consts_code', 'types_code' have been discontinued.
4983 Use commands of the generic code generator instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4985 * Redundant attribute "code_inline" has been discontinued. Use
4986 "code_unfold" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4988 * Dropped attribute "code_unfold_post" in favor of the its dual
4989 "code_abbrev", which yields a common pattern in definitions like
4991 definition [code_abbrev]: "f = t"
4995 * Obsolete 'types' command has been discontinued. Use 'type_synonym'
4996 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4998 * Discontinued old "prems" fact, which used to refer to the accidental
4999 collection of foundational premises in the context (already marked as
5000 legacy since Isabelle2011).
5005 * Type 'a set is now a proper type constructor (just as before
5006 Isabelle2008). Definitions mem_def and Collect_def have disappeared.
5007 Non-trivial INCOMPATIBILITY. For developments keeping predicates and
5008 sets separate, it is often sufficient to rephrase some set S that has
5009 been accidentally used as predicates by "%x. x : S", and some
5010 predicate P that has been accidentally used as set by "{x. P x}".
5011 Corresponding proofs in a first step should be pruned from any
5012 tinkering with former theorems mem_def and Collect_def as far as
5015 For developments which deliberately mix predicates and sets, a
5016 planning step is necessary to determine what should become a predicate
5017 and what a set. It can be helpful to carry out that step in
5018 Isabelle2011-1 before jumping right into the current release.
5020 * Code generation by default implements sets as container type rather
5021 than predicates. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5023 * New type synonym 'a rel = ('a * 'a) set
5025 * The representation of numerals has changed. Datatype "num"
5026 represents strictly positive binary numerals, along with functions
5027 "numeral :: num => 'a" and "neg_numeral :: num => 'a" to represent
5028 positive and negated numeric literals, respectively. See also
5029 definitions in ~~/src/HOL/Num.thy. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, some
5030 user theories may require adaptations as follows:
5032 - Theorems with number_ring or number_semiring constraints: These
5033 classes are gone; use comm_ring_1 or comm_semiring_1 instead.
5035 - Theories defining numeric types: Remove number, number_semiring,
5036 and number_ring instances. Defer all theorems about numerals until
5037 after classes one and semigroup_add have been instantiated.
5039 - Numeral-only simp rules: Replace each rule having a "number_of v"
5040 pattern with two copies, one for numeral and one for neg_numeral.
5042 - Theorems about subclasses of semiring_1 or ring_1: These classes
5043 automatically support numerals now, so more simp rules and
5044 simprocs may now apply within the proof.
5046 - Definitions and theorems using old constructors Pls/Min/Bit0/Bit1:
5047 Redefine using other integer operations.
5049 * Transfer: New package intended to generalize the existing
5050 "descending" method and related theorem attributes from the Quotient
5051 package. (Not all functionality is implemented yet, but future
5052 development will focus on Transfer as an eventual replacement for the
5053 corresponding parts of the Quotient package.)
5055 - transfer_rule attribute: Maintains a collection of transfer rules,
5056 which relate constants at two different types. Transfer rules may
5057 relate different type instances of the same polymorphic constant,
5058 or they may relate an operation on a raw type to a corresponding
5059 operation on an abstract type (quotient or subtype). For example:
5061 ((A ===> B) ===> list_all2 A ===> list_all2 B) map map
5062 (cr_int ===> cr_int ===> cr_int) (%(x,y) (u,v). (x+u, y+v)) plus_int
5064 - transfer method: Replaces a subgoal on abstract types with an
5065 equivalent subgoal on the corresponding raw types. Constants are
5066 replaced with corresponding ones according to the transfer rules.
5067 Goals are generalized over all free variables by default; this is
5068 necessary for variables whose types change, but can be overridden
5069 for specific variables with e.g. "transfer fixing: x y z". The
5070 variant transfer' method allows replacing a subgoal with one that
5071 is logically stronger (rather than equivalent).
5073 - relator_eq attribute: Collects identity laws for relators of
5074 various type constructors, e.g. "list_all2 (op =) = (op =)". The
5075 transfer method uses these lemmas to infer transfer rules for
5076 non-polymorphic constants on the fly.
5078 - transfer_prover method: Assists with proving a transfer rule for a
5079 new constant, provided the constant is defined in terms of other
5080 constants that already have transfer rules. It should be applied
5081 after unfolding the constant definitions.
5083 - HOL/ex/Transfer_Int_Nat.thy: Example theory demonstrating transfer
5084 from type nat to type int.
5086 * Lifting: New package intended to generalize the quotient_definition
5087 facility of the Quotient package; designed to work with Transfer.
5089 - lift_definition command: Defines operations on an abstract type in
5090 terms of a corresponding operation on a representation
5091 type. Example syntax:
5093 lift_definition dlist_insert :: "'a => 'a dlist => 'a dlist"
5096 Users must discharge a respectfulness proof obligation when each
5097 constant is defined. (For a type copy, i.e. a typedef with UNIV,
5098 the proof is discharged automatically.) The obligation is
5099 presented in a user-friendly, readable form; a respectfulness
5100 theorem in the standard format and a transfer rule are generated
5103 - Integration with code_abstype: For typedefs (e.g. subtypes
5104 corresponding to a datatype invariant, such as dlist),
5105 lift_definition generates a code certificate theorem and sets up
5106 code generation for each constant.
5108 - setup_lifting command: Sets up the Lifting package to work with a
5109 user-defined type. The user must provide either a quotient theorem
5110 or a type_definition theorem. The package configures transfer
5111 rules for equality and quantifiers on the type, and sets up the
5112 lift_definition command to work with the type.
5114 - Usage examples: See Quotient_Examples/Lift_DList.thy,
5115 Quotient_Examples/Lift_RBT.thy, Quotient_Examples/Lift_FSet.thy,
5116 Word/Word.thy and Library/Float.thy.
5120 - The 'quotient_type' command now supports a 'morphisms' option with
5121 rep and abs functions, similar to typedef.
5123 - 'quotient_type' sets up new types to work with the Lifting and
5124 Transfer packages, as with 'setup_lifting'.
5126 - The 'quotient_definition' command now requires the user to prove a
5127 respectfulness property at the point where the constant is
5128 defined, similar to lift_definition; INCOMPATIBILITY.
5130 - Renamed predicate 'Quotient' to 'Quotient3', and renamed theorems
5131 accordingly, INCOMPATIBILITY.
5133 * New diagnostic command 'find_unused_assms' to find potentially
5134 superfluous assumptions in theorems using Quickcheck.
5138 - Quickcheck returns variable assignments as counterexamples, which
5139 allows to reveal the underspecification of functions under test.
5140 For example, refuting "hd xs = x", it presents the variable
5141 assignment xs = [] and x = a1 as a counterexample, assuming that
5142 any property is false whenever "hd []" occurs in it.
5144 These counterexample are marked as potentially spurious, as
5145 Quickcheck also returns "xs = []" as a counterexample to the
5146 obvious theorem "hd xs = hd xs".
5148 After finding a potentially spurious counterexample, Quickcheck
5149 continues searching for genuine ones.
5151 By default, Quickcheck shows potentially spurious and genuine
5152 counterexamples. The option "genuine_only" sets quickcheck to only
5153 show genuine counterexamples.
5155 - The command 'quickcheck_generator' creates random and exhaustive
5156 value generators for a given type and operations.
5158 It generates values by using the operations as if they were
5159 constructors of that type.
5161 - Support for multisets.
5163 - Added "use_subtype" options.
5165 - Added "quickcheck_locale" configuration to specify how to process
5166 conjectures in a locale context.
5168 * Nitpick: Fixed infinite loop caused by the 'peephole_optim' option
5169 and affecting 'rat' and 'real'.
5172 - Integrated more tightly with SPASS, as described in the ITP 2012
5173 paper "More SPASS with Isabelle".
5174 - Made it try "smt" as a fallback if "metis" fails or times out.
5175 - Added support for the following provers: Alt-Ergo (via Why3 and
5176 TFF1), iProver, iProver-Eq.
5177 - Sped up the minimizer.
5178 - Added "lam_trans", "uncurry_aliases", and "minimize" options.
5179 - Renamed "slicing" ("no_slicing") option to "slice" ("dont_slice").
5180 - Renamed "sound" option to "strict".
5182 * Metis: Added possibility to specify lambda translations scheme as a
5183 parenthesized argument (e.g., "by (metis (lifting) ...)").
5185 * SMT: Renamed "smt_fixed" option to "smt_read_only_certificates".
5187 * Command 'try0': Renamed from 'try_methods'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5189 * New "case_product" attribute to generate a case rule doing multiple
5190 case distinctions at the same time. E.g.
5192 list.exhaust [case_product nat.exhaust]
5194 produces a rule which can be used to perform case distinction on both
5197 * New "eventually_elim" method as a generalized variant of the
5198 eventually_elim* rules. Supports structured proofs.
5200 * Typedef with implicit set definition is considered legacy. Use
5201 "typedef (open)" form instead, which will eventually become the
5204 * Record: code generation can be switched off manually with
5206 declare [[record_coden = false]] -- "default true"
5208 * Datatype: type parameters allow explicit sort constraints.
5210 * Concrete syntax for case expressions includes constraints for source
5211 positions, and thus produces Prover IDE markup for its bindings.
5212 INCOMPATIBILITY for old-style syntax translations that augment the
5213 pattern notation; e.g. see src/HOL/HOLCF/One.thy for translations of
5216 * Clarified attribute "mono_set": pure declaration without modifying
5217 the result of the fact expression.
5219 * More default pred/set conversions on a couple of relation operations
5220 and predicates. Added powers of predicate relations. Consolidation
5221 of some relation theorems:
5223 converse_def ~> converse_unfold
5224 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
5225 symp_def ~> (modified, use symp_def and sym_def instead)
5226 transp_def ~> transp_trans
5227 Domain_def ~> Domain_unfold
5228 Range_def ~> Domain_converse [symmetric]
5230 Generalized theorems INF_INT_eq, INF_INT_eq2, SUP_UN_eq, SUP_UN_eq2.
5232 See theory "Relation" for examples for making use of pred/set
5233 conversions by means of attributes "to_set" and "to_pred".
5237 * Renamed facts about the power operation on relations, i.e., relpow
5238 to match the constant's name:
5240 rel_pow_1 ~> relpow_1
5241 rel_pow_0_I ~> relpow_0_I
5242 rel_pow_Suc_I ~> relpow_Suc_I
5243 rel_pow_Suc_I2 ~> relpow_Suc_I2
5244 rel_pow_0_E ~> relpow_0_E
5245 rel_pow_Suc_E ~> relpow_Suc_E
5246 rel_pow_E ~> relpow_E
5247 rel_pow_Suc_D2 ~> relpow_Suc_D2
5248 rel_pow_Suc_E2 ~> relpow_Suc_E2
5249 rel_pow_Suc_D2' ~> relpow_Suc_D2'
5250 rel_pow_E2 ~> relpow_E2
5251 rel_pow_add ~> relpow_add
5252 rel_pow_commute ~> relpow
5253 rel_pow_empty ~> relpow_empty:
5254 rtrancl_imp_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_UN_relpow
5255 rel_pow_imp_rtrancl ~> relpow_imp_rtrancl
5256 rtrancl_is_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_is_UN_relpow
5257 rtrancl_imp_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_relpow
5258 rel_pow_fun_conv ~> relpow_fun_conv
5259 rel_pow_finite_bounded1 ~> relpow_finite_bounded1
5260 rel_pow_finite_bounded ~> relpow_finite_bounded
5261 rtrancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_finite_eq_relpow
5262 trancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> trancl_finite_eq_relpow
5263 single_valued_rel_pow ~> single_valued_relpow
5267 * Theory Relation: Consolidated constant name for relation composition
5268 and corresponding theorem names:
5270 - Renamed constant rel_comp to relcomp.
5272 - Dropped abbreviation pred_comp. Use relcompp instead.
5276 rel_compI ~> relcompI
5277 rel_compEpair ~> relcompEpair
5278 rel_compE ~> relcompE
5279 pred_comp_rel_comp_eq ~> relcompp_relcomp_eq
5280 rel_comp_empty1 ~> relcomp_empty1
5281 rel_comp_mono ~> relcomp_mono
5282 rel_comp_subset_Sigma ~> relcomp_subset_Sigma
5283 rel_comp_distrib ~> relcomp_distrib
5284 rel_comp_distrib2 ~> relcomp_distrib2
5285 rel_comp_UNION_distrib ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib
5286 rel_comp_UNION_distrib2 ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib2
5287 single_valued_rel_comp ~> single_valued_relcomp
5288 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
5289 converse_rel_comp ~> converse_relcomp
5290 pred_compI ~> relcomppI
5291 pred_compE ~> relcomppE
5292 pred_comp_bot1 ~> relcompp_bot1
5293 pred_comp_bot2 ~> relcompp_bot2
5294 transp_pred_comp_less_eq ~> transp_relcompp_less_eq
5295 pred_comp_mono ~> relcompp_mono
5296 pred_comp_distrib ~> relcompp_distrib
5297 pred_comp_distrib2 ~> relcompp_distrib2
5298 converse_pred_comp ~> converse_relcompp
5300 finite_rel_comp ~> finite_relcomp
5302 set_rel_comp ~> set_relcomp
5306 * Theory Divides: Discontinued redundant theorems about div and mod.
5307 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
5309 DIVISION_BY_ZERO ~> div_by_0, mod_by_0
5310 zdiv_self ~> div_self
5311 zmod_self ~> mod_self
5314 zdiv_zmod_equality ~> div_mod_equality2
5315 zdiv_zmod_equality2 ~> div_mod_equality
5316 zmod_zdiv_trivial ~> mod_div_trivial
5317 zdiv_zminus_zminus ~> div_minus_minus
5318 zmod_zminus_zminus ~> mod_minus_minus
5319 zdiv_zminus2 ~> div_minus_right
5320 zmod_zminus2 ~> mod_minus_right
5321 zdiv_minus1_right ~> div_minus1_right
5322 zmod_minus1_right ~> mod_minus1_right
5323 zdvd_mult_div_cancel ~> dvd_mult_div_cancel
5324 zmod_zmult1_eq ~> mod_mult_right_eq
5325 zpower_zmod ~> power_mod
5326 zdvd_zmod ~> dvd_mod
5327 zdvd_zmod_imp_zdvd ~> dvd_mod_imp_dvd
5328 mod_mult_distrib ~> mult_mod_left
5329 mod_mult_distrib2 ~> mult_mod_right
5331 * Removed redundant theorems nat_mult_2 and nat_mult_2_right; use
5332 generic mult_2 and mult_2_right instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5334 * Finite_Set.fold now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5336 * Consolidated theorem names concerning fold combinators:
5338 inf_INFI_fold_inf ~> inf_INF_fold_inf
5339 sup_SUPR_fold_sup ~> sup_SUP_fold_sup
5340 INFI_fold_inf ~> INF_fold_inf
5341 SUPR_fold_sup ~> SUP_fold_sup
5342 union_set ~> union_set_fold
5343 minus_set ~> minus_set_fold
5344 INFI_set_fold ~> INF_set_fold
5345 SUPR_set_fold ~> SUP_set_fold
5346 INF_code ~> INF_set_foldr
5347 SUP_code ~> SUP_set_foldr
5348 foldr.simps ~> foldr.simps (in point-free formulation)
5349 foldr_fold_rev ~> foldr_conv_fold
5350 foldl_fold ~> foldl_conv_fold
5351 foldr_foldr ~> foldr_conv_foldl
5352 foldl_foldr ~> foldl_conv_foldr
5353 fold_set_remdups ~> fold_set_fold_remdups
5354 fold_set ~> fold_set_fold
5355 fold1_set ~> fold1_set_fold
5359 * Dropped rarely useful theorems concerning fold combinators:
5360 foldl_apply, foldl_fun_comm, foldl_rev, fold_weak_invariant,
5361 rev_foldl_cons, fold_set_remdups, fold_set, fold_set1,
5362 concat_conv_foldl, foldl_weak_invariant, foldl_invariant,
5363 foldr_invariant, foldl_absorb0, foldl_foldr1_lemma, foldl_foldr1,
5364 listsum_conv_fold, listsum_foldl, sort_foldl_insort, foldl_assoc,
5365 foldr_conv_foldl, start_le_sum, elem_le_sum, sum_eq_0_conv.
5366 INCOMPATIBILITY. For the common phrases "%xs. List.foldr plus xs 0"
5367 and "List.foldl plus 0", prefer "List.listsum". Otherwise it can be
5368 useful to boil down "List.foldr" and "List.foldl" to "List.fold" by
5369 unfolding "foldr_conv_fold" and "foldl_conv_fold".
5371 * Dropped lemmas minus_set_foldr, union_set_foldr, union_coset_foldr,
5372 inter_coset_foldr, Inf_fin_set_foldr, Sup_fin_set_foldr,
5373 Min_fin_set_foldr, Max_fin_set_foldr, Inf_set_foldr, Sup_set_foldr,
5374 INF_set_foldr, SUP_set_foldr. INCOMPATIBILITY. Prefer corresponding
5375 lemmas over fold rather than foldr, or make use of lemmas
5376 fold_conv_foldr and fold_rev.
5378 * Congruence rules Option.map_cong and Option.bind_cong for recursion
5379 through option types.
5381 * "Transitive_Closure.ntrancl": bounded transitive closure on
5384 * Constant "Set.not_member" now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5386 * Theory Int: Discontinued many legacy theorems specific to type int.
5387 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
5389 zminus_zminus ~> minus_minus
5390 zminus_0 ~> minus_zero
5391 zminus_zadd_distrib ~> minus_add_distrib
5392 zadd_commute ~> add_commute
5393 zadd_assoc ~> add_assoc
5394 zadd_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
5397 zadd_0 ~> add_0_left
5398 zadd_0_right ~> add_0_right
5399 zadd_zminus_inverse2 ~> left_minus
5400 zmult_zminus ~> mult_minus_left
5401 zmult_commute ~> mult_commute
5402 zmult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
5403 zadd_zmult_distrib ~> left_distrib
5404 zadd_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_distrib
5405 zdiff_zmult_distrib ~> left_diff_distrib
5406 zdiff_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_diff_distrib
5407 zmult_1 ~> mult_1_left
5408 zmult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
5409 zle_refl ~> order_refl
5410 zle_trans ~> order_trans
5411 zle_antisym ~> order_antisym
5412 zle_linear ~> linorder_linear
5413 zless_linear ~> linorder_less_linear
5414 zadd_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
5415 zadd_strict_right_mono ~> add_strict_right_mono
5416 zadd_zless_mono ~> add_less_le_mono
5417 int_0_less_1 ~> zero_less_one
5418 int_0_neq_1 ~> zero_neq_one
5420 zpower_zadd_distrib ~> power_add
5421 zero_less_zpower_abs_iff ~> zero_less_power_abs_iff
5422 zero_le_zpower_abs ~> zero_le_power_abs
5424 * Theory Deriv: Renamed
5426 DERIV_nonneg_imp_nonincreasing ~> DERIV_nonneg_imp_nondecreasing
5428 * Theory Library/Multiset: Improved code generation of multisets.
5430 * Theory HOL/Library/Set_Algebras: Addition and multiplication on sets
5431 are expressed via type classes again. The special syntax
5432 \<oplus>/\<otimes> has been replaced by plain +/*. Removed constant
5433 setsum_set, which is now subsumed by Big_Operators.setsum.
5436 * Theory HOL/Library/Diagonalize has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY,
5437 use theory HOL/Library/Nat_Bijection instead.
5439 * Theory HOL/Library/RBT_Impl: Backing implementation of red-black
5440 trees is now inside a type class context. Names of affected
5441 operations and lemmas have been prefixed by rbt_. INCOMPATIBILITY for
5442 theories working directly with raw red-black trees, adapt the names as
5446 bulkload -> rbt_bulkload
5447 del_from_left -> rbt_del_from_left
5448 del_from_right -> rbt_del_from_right
5450 delete -> rbt_delete
5452 insert -> rbt_insert
5453 insertw -> rbt_insert_with
5454 insert_with_key -> rbt_insert_with_key
5455 map_entry -> rbt_map_entry
5456 lookup -> rbt_lookup
5457 sorted -> rbt_sorted
5458 tree_greater -> rbt_greater
5459 tree_less -> rbt_less
5460 tree_less_symbol -> rbt_less_symbol
5462 union_with -> rbt_union_with
5463 union_with_key -> rbt_union_with_key
5466 balance_left_sorted -> balance_left_rbt_sorted
5467 balance_left_tree_greater -> balance_left_rbt_greater
5468 balance_left_tree_less -> balance_left_rbt_less
5469 balance_right_sorted -> balance_right_rbt_sorted
5470 balance_right_tree_greater -> balance_right_rbt_greater
5471 balance_right_tree_less -> balance_right_rbt_less
5472 balance_sorted -> balance_rbt_sorted
5473 balance_tree_greater -> balance_rbt_greater
5474 balance_tree_less -> balance_rbt_less
5475 bulkload_is_rbt -> rbt_bulkload_is_rbt
5476 combine_sorted -> combine_rbt_sorted
5477 combine_tree_greater -> combine_rbt_greater
5478 combine_tree_less -> combine_rbt_less
5479 delete_in_tree -> rbt_delete_in_tree
5480 delete_is_rbt -> rbt_delete_is_rbt
5481 del_from_left_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_greater
5482 del_from_left_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_less
5483 del_from_right_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_greater
5484 del_from_right_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_less
5485 del_in_tree -> rbt_del_in_tree
5486 del_inv1_inv2 -> rbt_del_inv1_inv2
5487 del_sorted -> rbt_del_rbt_sorted
5488 del_tree_greater -> rbt_del_rbt_greater
5489 del_tree_less -> rbt_del_rbt_less
5490 dom_lookup_Branch -> dom_rbt_lookup_Branch
5491 entries_lookup -> entries_rbt_lookup
5492 finite_dom_lookup -> finite_dom_rbt_lookup
5493 insert_sorted -> rbt_insert_rbt_sorted
5494 insertw_is_rbt -> rbt_insertw_is_rbt
5495 insertwk_is_rbt -> rbt_insertwk_is_rbt
5496 insertwk_sorted -> rbt_insertwk_rbt_sorted
5497 insertw_sorted -> rbt_insertw_rbt_sorted
5498 ins_sorted -> ins_rbt_sorted
5499 ins_tree_greater -> ins_rbt_greater
5500 ins_tree_less -> ins_rbt_less
5501 is_rbt_sorted -> is_rbt_rbt_sorted
5502 lookup_balance -> rbt_lookup_balance
5503 lookup_bulkload -> rbt_lookup_rbt_bulkload
5504 lookup_delete -> rbt_lookup_rbt_delete
5505 lookup_Empty -> rbt_lookup_Empty
5506 lookup_from_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_from_in_tree
5507 lookup_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_in_tree
5508 lookup_ins -> rbt_lookup_ins
5509 lookup_insert -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insert
5510 lookup_insertw -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertw
5511 lookup_insertwk -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertwk
5512 lookup_keys -> rbt_lookup_keys
5513 lookup_map -> rbt_lookup_map
5514 lookup_map_entry -> rbt_lookup_rbt_map_entry
5515 lookup_tree_greater -> rbt_lookup_rbt_greater
5516 lookup_tree_less -> rbt_lookup_rbt_less
5517 lookup_union -> rbt_lookup_rbt_union
5518 map_entry_color_of -> rbt_map_entry_color_of
5519 map_entry_inv1 -> rbt_map_entry_inv1
5520 map_entry_inv2 -> rbt_map_entry_inv2
5521 map_entry_is_rbt -> rbt_map_entry_is_rbt
5522 map_entry_sorted -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_sorted
5523 map_entry_tree_greater -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_greater
5524 map_entry_tree_less -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_less
5525 map_tree_greater -> map_rbt_greater
5526 map_tree_less -> map_rbt_less
5527 map_sorted -> map_rbt_sorted
5528 paint_sorted -> paint_rbt_sorted
5529 paint_lookup -> paint_rbt_lookup
5530 paint_tree_greater -> paint_rbt_greater
5531 paint_tree_less -> paint_rbt_less
5532 sorted_entries -> rbt_sorted_entries
5533 tree_greater_eq_trans -> rbt_greater_eq_trans
5534 tree_greater_nit -> rbt_greater_nit
5535 tree_greater_prop -> rbt_greater_prop
5536 tree_greater_simps -> rbt_greater_simps
5537 tree_greater_trans -> rbt_greater_trans
5538 tree_less_eq_trans -> rbt_less_eq_trans
5539 tree_less_nit -> rbt_less_nit
5540 tree_less_prop -> rbt_less_prop
5541 tree_less_simps -> rbt_less_simps
5542 tree_less_trans -> rbt_less_trans
5543 tree_ord_props -> rbt_ord_props
5544 union_Branch -> rbt_union_Branch
5545 union_is_rbt -> rbt_union_is_rbt
5546 unionw_is_rbt -> rbt_unionw_is_rbt
5547 unionwk_is_rbt -> rbt_unionwk_is_rbt
5548 unionwk_sorted -> rbt_unionwk_rbt_sorted
5550 * Theory HOL/Library/Float: Floating point numbers are now defined as
5551 a subset of the real numbers. All operations are defined using the
5552 lifing-framework and proofs use the transfer method. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5559 round_down -> float_round_down
5560 round_up -> float_round_up
5564 ceiling_fl, lb_mult, lb_mod, ub_mult, ub_mod
5567 abs_float_def -> Float.compute_float_abs
5568 bitlen_ge0 -> bitlen_nonneg
5569 bitlen.simps -> Float.compute_bitlen
5570 float_components -> Float_mantissa_exponent
5571 float_divl.simps -> Float.compute_float_divl
5572 float_divr.simps -> Float.compute_float_divr
5573 float_eq_odd -> mult_powr_eq_mult_powr_iff
5574 float_power -> real_of_float_power
5575 lapprox_posrat_def -> Float.compute_lapprox_posrat
5576 lapprox_rat.simps -> Float.compute_lapprox_rat
5577 le_float_def' -> Float.compute_float_le
5578 le_float_def -> less_eq_float.rep_eq
5579 less_float_def' -> Float.compute_float_less
5580 less_float_def -> less_float.rep_eq
5581 normfloat_def -> Float.compute_normfloat
5582 normfloat_imp_odd_or_zero -> mantissa_not_dvd and mantissa_noteq_0
5583 normfloat -> normfloat_def
5584 normfloat_unique -> use normfloat_def
5585 number_of_float_Float -> Float.compute_float_numeral, Float.compute_float_neg_numeral
5586 one_float_def -> Float.compute_float_one
5587 plus_float_def -> Float.compute_float_plus
5588 rapprox_posrat_def -> Float.compute_rapprox_posrat
5589 rapprox_rat.simps -> Float.compute_rapprox_rat
5590 real_of_float_0 -> zero_float.rep_eq
5591 real_of_float_1 -> one_float.rep_eq
5592 real_of_float_abs -> abs_float.rep_eq
5593 real_of_float_add -> plus_float.rep_eq
5594 real_of_float_minus -> uminus_float.rep_eq
5595 real_of_float_mult -> times_float.rep_eq
5596 real_of_float_simp -> Float.rep_eq
5597 real_of_float_sub -> minus_float.rep_eq
5598 round_down.simps -> Float.compute_float_round_down
5599 round_up.simps -> Float.compute_float_round_up
5600 times_float_def -> Float.compute_float_times
5601 uminus_float_def -> Float.compute_float_uminus
5602 zero_float_def -> Float.compute_float_zero
5604 Lemmas not necessary anymore, use the transfer method:
5605 bitlen_B0, bitlen_B1, bitlen_ge1, bitlen_Min, bitlen_Pls, float_divl,
5606 float_divr, float_le_simp, float_less1_mantissa_bound,
5607 float_less_simp, float_less_zero, float_le_zero,
5608 float_pos_less1_e_neg, float_pos_m_pos, float_split, float_split2,
5609 floor_pos_exp, lapprox_posrat, lapprox_posrat_bottom, lapprox_rat,
5610 lapprox_rat_bottom, normalized_float, rapprox_posrat,
5611 rapprox_posrat_le1, rapprox_rat, real_of_float_ge0_exp,
5612 real_of_float_neg_exp, real_of_float_nge0_exp, round_down floor_fl,
5613 round_up, zero_le_float, zero_less_float
5615 * New theory HOL/Library/DAList provides an abstract type for
5616 association lists with distinct keys.
5618 * Session HOL/IMP: Added new theory of abstract interpretation of
5621 * Session HOL-Import: Re-implementation from scratch is faster,
5622 simpler, and more scalable. Requires a proof bundle, which is
5623 available as an external component. Discontinued old (and mostly
5624 dead) Importer for HOL4 and HOL Light. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5626 * Session HOL-Word: Discontinued many redundant theorems specific to
5627 type 'a word. INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems
5630 word_sub_alt ~> word_sub_wi
5631 word_add_alt ~> word_add_def
5632 word_mult_alt ~> word_mult_def
5633 word_minus_alt ~> word_minus_def
5634 word_0_alt ~> word_0_wi
5635 word_1_alt ~> word_1_wi
5636 word_add_0 ~> add_0_left
5637 word_add_0_right ~> add_0_right
5638 word_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
5639 word_mult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
5640 word_add_commute ~> add_commute
5641 word_add_assoc ~> add_assoc
5642 word_add_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
5643 word_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
5644 word_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
5645 word_mult_left_commute ~> mult_left_commute
5646 word_left_distrib ~> left_distrib
5647 word_right_distrib ~> right_distrib
5648 word_left_minus ~> left_minus
5649 word_diff_0_right ~> diff_0_right
5650 word_diff_self ~> diff_self
5651 word_sub_def ~> diff_minus
5652 word_diff_minus ~> diff_minus
5653 word_add_ac ~> add_ac
5654 word_mult_ac ~> mult_ac
5655 word_plus_ac0 ~> add_0_left add_0_right add_ac
5656 word_times_ac1 ~> mult_1_left mult_1_right mult_ac
5657 word_order_trans ~> order_trans
5658 word_order_refl ~> order_refl
5659 word_order_antisym ~> order_antisym
5660 word_order_linear ~> linorder_linear
5661 lenw1_zero_neq_one ~> zero_neq_one
5662 word_number_of_eq ~> number_of_eq
5663 word_of_int_add_hom ~> wi_hom_add
5664 word_of_int_sub_hom ~> wi_hom_sub
5665 word_of_int_mult_hom ~> wi_hom_mult
5666 word_of_int_minus_hom ~> wi_hom_neg
5667 word_of_int_succ_hom ~> wi_hom_succ
5668 word_of_int_pred_hom ~> wi_hom_pred
5669 word_of_int_0_hom ~> word_0_wi
5670 word_of_int_1_hom ~> word_1_wi
5672 * Session HOL-Word: New proof method "word_bitwise" for splitting
5673 machine word equalities and inequalities into logical circuits,
5674 defined in HOL/Word/WordBitwise.thy. Supports addition, subtraction,
5675 multiplication, shifting by constants, bitwise operators and numeric
5676 constants. Requires fixed-length word types, not 'a word. Solves
5677 many standard word identities outright and converts more into first
5678 order problems amenable to blast or similar. See also examples in
5679 HOL/Word/Examples/WordExamples.thy.
5681 * Session HOL-Probability: Introduced the type "'a measure" to
5682 represent measures, this replaces the records 'a algebra and 'a
5683 measure_space. The locales based on subset_class now have two
5684 locale-parameters the space \<Omega> and the set of measurable sets M.
5685 The product of probability spaces uses now the same constant as the
5686 finite product of sigma-finite measure spaces "PiM :: ('i => 'a)
5687 measure". Most constants are defined now outside of locales and gain
5688 an additional parameter, like null_sets, almost_eventually or \<mu>'.
5689 Measure space constructions for distributions and densities now got
5690 their own constants distr and density. Instead of using locales to
5691 describe measure spaces with a finite space, the measure count_space
5692 and point_measure is introduced. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5696 finite_measure.\<mu>' -> measure
5697 product_algebra_generator -> prod_algebra
5698 product_prob_space.emb -> prod_emb
5699 product_prob_space.infprod_algebra -> PiM
5702 completeable_measure_space
5703 finite_measure_space
5705 finite_product_finite_prob_space
5706 finite_product_sigma_algebra
5707 finite_sigma_algebra
5709 pair_finite_prob_space
5710 pair_finite_sigma_algebra
5713 product_sigma_algebra
5717 distribution -> use distr measure, or distributed predicate
5719 joint_distribution -> use distr measure, or distributed predicate
5720 pair_measure_generator
5721 product_prob_space.infprod_algebra -> use PiM
5724 Replacement theorems:
5725 finite_additivity_sufficient -> ring_of_sets.countably_additiveI_finite
5726 finite_measure.empty_measure -> measure_empty
5727 finite_measure.finite_continuity_from_above -> finite_measure.finite_Lim_measure_decseq
5728 finite_measure.finite_continuity_from_below -> finite_measure.finite_Lim_measure_incseq
5729 finite_measure.finite_measure_countably_subadditive -> finite_measure.finite_measure_subadditive_countably
5730 finite_measure.finite_measure_eq -> finite_measure.emeasure_eq_measure
5731 finite_measure.finite_measure -> finite_measure.emeasure_finite
5732 finite_measure.finite_measure_finite_singleton -> finite_measure.finite_measure_eq_setsum_singleton
5733 finite_measure.positive_measure' -> measure_nonneg
5734 finite_measure.real_measure -> finite_measure.emeasure_real
5735 finite_product_prob_space.finite_measure_times -> finite_product_prob_space.finite_measure_PiM_emb
5736 finite_product_sigma_algebra.in_P -> sets_PiM_I_finite
5737 finite_product_sigma_algebra.P_empty -> space_PiM_empty, sets_PiM_empty
5738 information_space.conditional_entropy_eq -> information_space.conditional_entropy_simple_distributed
5739 information_space.conditional_entropy_positive -> information_space.conditional_entropy_nonneg_simple
5740 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_eq_mutual_information -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_eq_mutual_information_simple
5741 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_generic_positive -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_nonneg_simple
5742 information_space.conditional_mutual_information_positive -> information_space.conditional_mutual_information_nonneg_simple
5743 information_space.entropy_commute -> information_space.entropy_commute_simple
5744 information_space.entropy_eq -> information_space.entropy_simple_distributed
5745 information_space.entropy_generic_eq -> information_space.entropy_simple_distributed
5746 information_space.entropy_positive -> information_space.entropy_nonneg_simple
5747 information_space.entropy_uniform_max -> information_space.entropy_uniform
5748 information_space.KL_eq_0_imp -> information_space.KL_eq_0_iff_eq
5749 information_space.KL_eq_0 -> information_space.KL_same_eq_0
5750 information_space.KL_ge_0 -> information_space.KL_nonneg
5751 information_space.mutual_information_eq -> information_space.mutual_information_simple_distributed
5752 information_space.mutual_information_positive -> information_space.mutual_information_nonneg_simple
5753 Int_stable_cuboids -> Int_stable_atLeastAtMost
5754 Int_stable_product_algebra_generator -> positive_integral
5755 measure_preserving -> equality "distr M N f = N" "f : measurable M N"
5756 measure_space.additive -> emeasure_additive
5757 measure_space.AE_iff_null_set -> AE_iff_null
5758 measure_space.almost_everywhere_def -> eventually_ae_filter
5759 measure_space.almost_everywhere_vimage -> AE_distrD
5760 measure_space.continuity_from_above -> INF_emeasure_decseq
5761 measure_space.continuity_from_above_Lim -> Lim_emeasure_decseq
5762 measure_space.continuity_from_below_Lim -> Lim_emeasure_incseq
5763 measure_space.continuity_from_below -> SUP_emeasure_incseq
5764 measure_space_density -> emeasure_density
5765 measure_space.density_is_absolutely_continuous -> absolutely_continuousI_density
5766 measure_space.integrable_vimage -> integrable_distr
5767 measure_space.integral_translated_density -> integral_density
5768 measure_space.integral_vimage -> integral_distr
5769 measure_space.measure_additive -> plus_emeasure
5770 measure_space.measure_compl -> emeasure_compl
5771 measure_space.measure_countable_increasing -> emeasure_countable_increasing
5772 measure_space.measure_countably_subadditive -> emeasure_subadditive_countably
5773 measure_space.measure_decseq -> decseq_emeasure
5774 measure_space.measure_Diff -> emeasure_Diff
5775 measure_space.measure_Diff_null_set -> emeasure_Diff_null_set
5776 measure_space.measure_eq_0 -> emeasure_eq_0
5777 measure_space.measure_finitely_subadditive -> emeasure_subadditive_finite
5778 measure_space.measure_finite_singleton -> emeasure_eq_setsum_singleton
5779 measure_space.measure_incseq -> incseq_emeasure
5780 measure_space.measure_insert -> emeasure_insert
5781 measure_space.measure_mono -> emeasure_mono
5782 measure_space.measure_not_negative -> emeasure_not_MInf
5783 measure_space.measure_preserving_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
5784 measure_space.measure_setsum -> setsum_emeasure
5785 measure_space.measure_setsum_split -> setsum_emeasure_cover
5786 measure_space.measure_space_vimage -> emeasure_distr
5787 measure_space.measure_subadditive_finite -> emeasure_subadditive_finite
5788 measure_space.measure_subadditive -> subadditive
5789 measure_space.measure_top -> emeasure_space
5790 measure_space.measure_UN_eq_0 -> emeasure_UN_eq_0
5791 measure_space.measure_Un_null_set -> emeasure_Un_null_set
5792 measure_space.positive_integral_translated_density -> positive_integral_density
5793 measure_space.positive_integral_vimage -> positive_integral_distr
5794 measure_space.real_continuity_from_above -> Lim_measure_decseq
5795 measure_space.real_continuity_from_below -> Lim_measure_incseq
5796 measure_space.real_measure_countably_subadditive -> measure_subadditive_countably
5797 measure_space.real_measure_Diff -> measure_Diff
5798 measure_space.real_measure_finite_Union -> measure_finite_Union
5799 measure_space.real_measure_setsum_singleton -> measure_eq_setsum_singleton
5800 measure_space.real_measure_subadditive -> measure_subadditive
5801 measure_space.real_measure_Union -> measure_Union
5802 measure_space.real_measure_UNION -> measure_UNION
5803 measure_space.simple_function_vimage -> simple_function_comp
5804 measure_space.simple_integral_vimage -> simple_integral_distr
5805 measure_space.simple_integral_vimage -> simple_integral_distr
5806 measure_unique_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
5807 measure_unique_Int_stable_vimage -> measure_eqI_generator_eq
5808 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_cut_fst -> sets_Pair1
5809 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_cut_snd -> sets_Pair2
5810 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_pair_image_fst -> measurable_Pair1
5811 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_pair_image_snd -> measurable_Pair2
5812 pair_sigma_algebra.measurable_product_swap -> measurable_pair_swap_iff
5813 pair_sigma_algebra.pair_sigma_algebra_measurable -> measurable_pair_swap
5814 pair_sigma_algebra.pair_sigma_algebra_swap_measurable -> measurable_pair_swap'
5815 pair_sigma_algebra.sets_swap -> sets_pair_swap
5816 pair_sigma_finite.measure_cut_measurable_fst -> pair_sigma_finite.measurable_emeasure_Pair1
5817 pair_sigma_finite.measure_cut_measurable_snd -> pair_sigma_finite.measurable_emeasure_Pair2
5818 pair_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_swap -> pair_sigma_finite.distr_pair_swap
5819 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_alt2 -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_alt2
5820 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_alt -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_alt
5821 pair_sigma_finite.pair_measure_times -> pair_sigma_finite.emeasure_pair_measure_Times
5822 prob_space.indep_distribution_eq_measure -> prob_space.indep_vars_iff_distr_eq_PiM
5823 prob_space.indep_var_distributionD -> prob_space.indep_var_distribution_eq
5824 prob_space.measure_space_1 -> prob_space.emeasure_space_1
5825 prob_space.prob_space_vimage -> prob_space_distr
5826 prob_space.random_variable_restrict -> measurable_restrict
5827 prob_space_unique_Int_stable -> measure_eqI_prob_space
5828 product_algebraE -> prod_algebraE_all
5829 product_algebra_generator_der -> prod_algebra_eq_finite
5830 product_algebra_generator_into_space -> prod_algebra_sets_into_space
5831 product_algebraI -> sets_PiM_I_finite
5832 product_measure_exists -> product_sigma_finite.sigma_finite
5833 product_prob_space.finite_index_eq_finite_product -> product_prob_space.sets_PiM_generator
5834 product_prob_space.finite_measure_infprod_emb_Pi -> product_prob_space.measure_PiM_emb
5835 product_prob_space.infprod_spec -> product_prob_space.emeasure_PiM_emb_not_empty
5836 product_prob_space.measurable_component -> measurable_component_singleton
5837 product_prob_space.measurable_emb -> measurable_prod_emb
5838 product_prob_space.measurable_into_infprod_algebra -> measurable_PiM_single
5839 product_prob_space.measurable_singleton_infprod -> measurable_component_singleton
5840 product_prob_space.measure_emb -> emeasure_prod_emb
5841 product_prob_space.measure_preserving_restrict -> product_prob_space.distr_restrict
5842 product_sigma_algebra.product_algebra_into_space -> space_closed
5843 product_sigma_finite.measure_fold -> product_sigma_finite.distr_merge
5844 product_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_component_singelton -> product_sigma_finite.distr_singleton
5845 product_sigma_finite.measure_preserving_merge -> product_sigma_finite.distr_merge
5846 sequence_space.measure_infprod -> sequence_space.measure_PiM_countable
5847 sets_product_algebra -> sets_PiM
5848 sigma_algebra.measurable_sigma -> measurable_measure_of
5849 sigma_finite_measure.disjoint_sigma_finite -> sigma_finite_disjoint
5850 sigma_finite_measure.RN_deriv_vimage -> sigma_finite_measure.RN_deriv_distr
5851 sigma_product_algebra_sigma_eq -> sigma_prod_algebra_sigma_eq
5852 space_product_algebra -> space_PiM
5854 * Session HOL-TPTP: support to parse and import TPTP problems (all
5855 languages) into Isabelle/HOL.
5860 * New "case_product" attribute (see HOL).
5865 * Greater support for structured proofs involving induction or case
5868 * Much greater use of mathematical symbols.
5870 * Removal of many ML theorem bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5875 * Antiquotation @{keyword "name"} produces a parser for outer syntax
5876 from a minor keyword introduced via theory header declaration.
5878 * Antiquotation @{command_spec "name"} produces the
5879 Outer_Syntax.command_spec from a major keyword introduced via theory
5880 header declaration; it can be passed to Outer_Syntax.command etc.
5882 * Local_Theory.define no longer hard-wires default theorem name
5883 "foo_def", but retains the binding as given. If that is Binding.empty
5884 / Attrib.empty_binding, the result is not registered as user-level
5885 fact. The Local_Theory.define_internal variant allows to specify a
5886 non-empty name (used for the foundation in the background theory),
5887 while omitting the fact binding in the user-context. Potential
5888 INCOMPATIBILITY for derived definitional packages: need to specify
5889 naming policy for primitive definitions more explicitly.
5891 * Renamed Thm.capply to Thm.apply, and Thm.cabs to Thm.lambda in
5892 conformance with similar operations in structure Term and Logic.
5894 * Antiquotation @{attributes [...]} embeds attribute source
5895 representation into the ML text, which is particularly useful with
5896 declarations like Local_Theory.note.
5898 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
5899 ProofContext has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5901 * Refined Local_Theory.declaration {syntax, pervasive}, with subtle
5902 change of semantics: update is applied to auxiliary local theory
5905 * Modernized some old-style infix operations:
5907 addeqcongs ~> Simplifier.add_eqcong
5908 deleqcongs ~> Simplifier.del_eqcong
5909 addcongs ~> Simplifier.add_cong
5910 delcongs ~> Simplifier.del_cong
5911 setmksimps ~> Simplifier.set_mksimps
5912 setmkcong ~> Simplifier.set_mkcong
5913 setmksym ~> Simplifier.set_mksym
5914 setmkeqTrue ~> Simplifier.set_mkeqTrue
5915 settermless ~> Simplifier.set_termless
5916 setsubgoaler ~> Simplifier.set_subgoaler
5917 addsplits ~> Splitter.add_split
5918 delsplits ~> Splitter.del_split
5923 * USER_HOME settings variable points to cross-platform user home
5924 directory, which coincides with HOME on POSIX systems only. Likewise,
5925 the Isabelle path specification "~" now expands to $USER_HOME, instead
5926 of former $HOME. A different default for USER_HOME may be set
5927 explicitly in shell environment, before Isabelle settings are
5928 evaluated. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: need to adapt Isabelle path where
5929 the generic user home was intended.
5931 * ISABELLE_HOME_WINDOWS refers to ISABELLE_HOME in windows file name
5932 notation, which is useful for the jEdit file browser, for example.
5934 * ISABELLE_JDK_HOME settings variable points to JDK with javac and jar
5939 New in Isabelle2011-1 (October 2011)
5940 ------------------------------------
5944 * Improved Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE (PIDE), which can be invoked as
5945 "isabelle jedit" or "ISABELLE_HOME/Isabelle" on the command line.
5947 - Management of multiple theory files directly from the editor
5948 buffer store -- bypassing the file-system (no requirement to save
5949 files for checking).
5951 - Markup of formal entities within the text buffer, with semantic
5952 highlighting, tooltips and hyperlinks to jump to defining source
5955 - Improved text rendering, with sub/superscripts in the source
5956 buffer (including support for copy/paste wrt. output panel, HTML
5957 theory output and other non-Isabelle text boxes).
5959 - Refined scheduling of proof checking and printing of results,
5960 based on interactive editor view. (Note: jEdit folding and
5961 narrowing allows to restrict buffer perspectives explicitly.)
5963 - Reduced CPU performance requirements, usable on machines with few
5966 - Reduced memory requirements due to pruning of unused document
5967 versions (garbage collection).
5969 See also ~~/src/Tools/jEdit/README.html for further information,
5970 including some remaining limitations.
5972 * Theory loader: source files are exclusively located via the master
5973 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
5974 The global load path (such as src/HOL/Library) has been discontinued.
5975 Note that the path element ~~ may be used to reference theories in the
5976 Isabelle home folder -- for instance, "~~/src/HOL/Library/FuncSet".
5979 * Theory loader: source files are identified by content via SHA1
5980 digests. Discontinued former path/modtime identification and optional
5981 ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT plugin scripts.
5983 * Parallelization of nested Isar proofs is subject to
5984 Goal.parallel_proofs_threshold (default 100). See also isabelle
5987 * Name space: former unsynchronized references are now proper
5988 configuration options, with more conventional names:
5990 long_names ~> names_long
5991 short_names ~> names_short
5992 unique_names ~> names_unique
5994 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, need to declare options in context like this:
5996 declare [[names_unique = false]]
5998 * Literal facts `prop` may contain dummy patterns, e.g. `_ = _`. Note
5999 that the result needs to be unique, which means fact specifications
6000 may have to be refined after enriching a proof context.
6002 * Attribute "case_names" has been refined: the assumptions in each case
6003 can be named now by following the case name with [name1 name2 ...].
6005 * Isabelle/Isar reference manual has been updated and extended:
6006 - "Synopsis" provides a catalog of main Isar language concepts.
6007 - Formal references in syntax diagrams, via @{rail} antiquotation.
6008 - Updated material from classic "ref" manual, notably about
6009 "Classical Reasoner".
6014 * Class bot and top require underlying partial order rather than
6015 preorder: uniqueness of bot and top is guaranteed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6017 * Class complete_lattice: generalized a couple of lemmas from sets;
6018 generalized theorems INF_cong and SUP_cong. New type classes for
6019 complete boolean algebras and complete linear orders. Lemmas
6020 Inf_less_iff, less_Sup_iff, INF_less_iff, less_SUP_iff now reside in
6021 class complete_linorder.
6023 Changed proposition of lemmas Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, Inf_fun_def,
6024 Sup_fun_def, Inf_apply, Sup_apply.
6026 Removed redundant lemmas (the right hand side gives hints how to
6027 replace them for (metis ...), or (simp only: ...) proofs):
6029 Inf_singleton ~> Inf_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Inf_empty inf_top_right]
6030 Sup_singleton ~> Sup_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Sup_empty sup_bot_right]
6031 Inf_binary ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
6032 Sup_binary ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
6033 Int_eq_Inter ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
6034 Un_eq_Union ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
6035 Inter_def ~> INF_def, image_def
6036 Union_def ~> SUP_def, image_def
6037 INT_eq ~> INF_def, and image_def
6038 UN_eq ~> SUP_def, and image_def
6039 INF_subset ~> INF_superset_mono [OF _ order_refl]
6041 More consistent and comprehensive names:
6043 INTER_eq_Inter_image ~> INF_def
6044 UNION_eq_Union_image ~> SUP_def
6047 INF_leI ~> INF_lower
6048 INF_leI2 ~> INF_lower2
6049 le_INFI ~> INF_greatest
6050 le_SUPI ~> SUP_upper
6051 le_SUPI2 ~> SUP_upper2
6052 SUP_leI ~> SUP_least
6053 INFI_bool_eq ~> INF_bool_eq
6054 SUPR_bool_eq ~> SUP_bool_eq
6055 INFI_apply ~> INF_apply
6056 SUPR_apply ~> SUP_apply
6057 INTER_def ~> INTER_eq
6058 UNION_def ~> UNION_eq
6062 * Renamed theory Complete_Lattice to Complete_Lattices.
6065 * Theory Complete_Lattices: lemmas Inf_eq_top_iff, INF_eq_top_iff,
6066 INF_image, Inf_insert, INF_top, Inf_top_conv, INF_top_conv, SUP_bot,
6067 Sup_bot_conv, SUP_bot_conv, Sup_eq_top_iff, SUP_eq_top_iff, SUP_image,
6068 Sup_insert are now declared as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6070 * Theory Lattice: lemmas compl_inf_bot, compl_le_comp_iff,
6071 compl_sup_top, inf_idem, inf_left_idem, inf_sup_absorb, sup_idem,
6072 sup_inf_absob, sup_left_idem are now declared as [simp]. Minor
6075 * Added syntactic classes "inf" and "sup" for the respective
6076 constants. INCOMPATIBILITY: Changes in the argument order of the
6077 (mostly internal) locale predicates for some derived classes.
6079 * Theorem collections ball_simps and bex_simps do not contain theorems
6080 referring to UNION any longer; these have been moved to collection
6081 UN_ball_bex_simps. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6083 * Theory Archimedean_Field: floor now is defined as parameter of a
6084 separate type class floor_ceiling.
6086 * Theory Finite_Set: more coherent development of fold_set locales:
6088 locale fun_left_comm ~> locale comp_fun_commute
6089 locale fun_left_comm_idem ~> locale comp_fun_idem
6091 Both use point-free characterization; interpretation proofs may need
6092 adjustment. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6094 * Theory Limits: Type "'a net" has been renamed to "'a filter", in
6095 accordance with standard mathematical terminology. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6097 * Theory Complex_Main: The locale interpretations for the
6098 bounded_linear and bounded_bilinear locales have been removed, in
6099 order to reduce the number of duplicate lemmas. Users must use the
6100 original names for distributivity theorems, potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
6102 divide.add ~> add_divide_distrib
6103 divide.diff ~> diff_divide_distrib
6104 divide.setsum ~> setsum_divide_distrib
6105 mult.add_right ~> right_distrib
6106 mult.diff_right ~> right_diff_distrib
6107 mult_right.setsum ~> setsum_right_distrib
6108 mult_left.diff ~> left_diff_distrib
6110 * Theory Complex_Main: Several redundant theorems have been removed or
6111 replaced by more general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6113 real_diff_def ~> minus_real_def
6114 real_divide_def ~> divide_real_def
6115 real_less_def ~> less_le
6116 real_abs_def ~> abs_real_def
6117 real_sgn_def ~> sgn_real_def
6118 real_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
6119 real_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
6120 real_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
6121 real_add_mult_distrib ~> left_distrib
6122 real_zero_not_eq_one ~> zero_neq_one
6123 real_mult_inverse_left ~> left_inverse
6124 INVERSE_ZERO ~> inverse_zero
6125 real_le_refl ~> order_refl
6126 real_le_antisym ~> order_antisym
6127 real_le_trans ~> order_trans
6128 real_le_linear ~> linear
6129 real_le_eq_diff ~> le_iff_diff_le_0
6130 real_add_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
6131 real_mult_order ~> mult_pos_pos
6132 real_mult_less_mono2 ~> mult_strict_left_mono
6133 real_of_int_real_of_nat ~> real_of_int_of_nat_eq
6134 real_0_le_divide_iff ~> zero_le_divide_iff
6135 realpow_two_disj ~> power2_eq_iff
6136 real_squared_diff_one_factored ~> square_diff_one_factored
6137 realpow_two_diff ~> square_diff_square_factored
6138 reals_complete2 ~> complete_real
6139 real_sum_squared_expand ~> power2_sum
6140 exp_ln_eq ~> ln_unique
6142 expi_zero ~> exp_zero
6143 lemma_DERIV_subst ~> DERIV_cong
6144 LIMSEQ_Zfun_iff ~> tendsto_Zfun_iff
6145 LIMSEQ_const ~> tendsto_const
6146 LIMSEQ_norm ~> tendsto_norm
6147 LIMSEQ_add ~> tendsto_add
6148 LIMSEQ_minus ~> tendsto_minus
6149 LIMSEQ_minus_cancel ~> tendsto_minus_cancel
6150 LIMSEQ_diff ~> tendsto_diff
6151 bounded_linear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
6152 bounded_bilinear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
6153 LIMSEQ_mult ~> tendsto_mult
6154 LIMSEQ_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
6155 LIMSEQ_divide ~> tendsto_divide
6156 LIMSEQ_pow ~> tendsto_power
6157 LIMSEQ_setsum ~> tendsto_setsum
6158 LIMSEQ_setprod ~> tendsto_setprod
6159 LIMSEQ_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
6160 LIMSEQ_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
6161 LIMSEQ_imp_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
6162 LIMSEQ_add_minus ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_minus]
6163 LIMSEQ_add_const ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_const]
6164 LIMSEQ_diff_const ~> tendsto_diff [OF _ tendsto_const]
6165 LIMSEQ_Complex ~> tendsto_Complex
6166 LIM_ident ~> tendsto_ident_at
6167 LIM_const ~> tendsto_const
6168 LIM_add ~> tendsto_add
6169 LIM_add_zero ~> tendsto_add_zero
6170 LIM_minus ~> tendsto_minus
6171 LIM_diff ~> tendsto_diff
6172 LIM_norm ~> tendsto_norm
6173 LIM_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero
6174 LIM_norm_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_norm_zero_cancel
6175 LIM_norm_zero_iff ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
6176 LIM_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
6177 LIM_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero
6178 LIM_rabs_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_cancel
6179 LIM_rabs_zero_iff ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
6180 LIM_compose ~> tendsto_compose
6181 LIM_mult ~> tendsto_mult
6182 LIM_scaleR ~> tendsto_scaleR
6183 LIM_of_real ~> tendsto_of_real
6184 LIM_power ~> tendsto_power
6185 LIM_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
6186 LIM_sgn ~> tendsto_sgn
6187 isCont_LIM_compose ~> isCont_tendsto_compose
6188 bounded_linear.LIM ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
6189 bounded_linear.LIM_zero ~> bounded_linear.tendsto_zero
6190 bounded_bilinear.LIM ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
6191 bounded_bilinear.LIM_prod_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_zero
6192 bounded_bilinear.LIM_left_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_left_zero
6193 bounded_bilinear.LIM_right_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_right_zero
6194 LIM_inverse_fun ~> tendsto_inverse [OF tendsto_ident_at]
6196 * Theory Complex_Main: The definition of infinite series was
6197 generalized. Now it is defined on the type class {topological_space,
6198 comm_monoid_add}. Hence it is useable also for extended real numbers.
6200 * Theory Complex_Main: The complex exponential function "expi" is now
6201 a type-constrained abbreviation for "exp :: complex => complex"; thus
6202 several polymorphic lemmas about "exp" are now applicable to "expi".
6206 - Theory Library/Code_Char_ord provides native ordering of
6207 characters in the target language.
6209 - Commands code_module and code_library are legacy, use export_code
6212 - Method "evaluation" is legacy, use method "eval" instead.
6214 - Legacy evaluator "SML" is deactivated by default. May be
6215 reactivated by the following theory command:
6217 setup {* Value.add_evaluator ("SML", Codegen.eval_term) *}
6219 * Declare ext [intro] by default. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
6221 * New proof method "induction" that gives induction hypotheses the
6222 name "IH", thus distinguishing them from further hypotheses that come
6223 from rule induction. The latter are still called "hyps". Method
6224 "induction" is a thin wrapper around "induct" and follows the same
6227 * Method "fastsimp" has been renamed to "fastforce", but "fastsimp" is
6228 still available as a legacy feature for some time.
6231 - Added "need" and "total_consts" options.
6232 - Reintroduced "show_skolems" option by popular demand.
6233 - Renamed attribute: nitpick_def ~> nitpick_unfold.
6237 - Use quasi-sound (and efficient) translations by default.
6238 - Added support for the following provers: E-ToFoF, LEO-II,
6239 Satallax, SNARK, Waldmeister, and Z3 with TPTP syntax.
6240 - Automatically preplay and minimize proofs before showing them if
6241 this can be done within reasonable time.
6242 - sledgehammer available_provers ~> sledgehammer supported_provers.
6244 - Added "preplay_timeout", "slicing", "type_enc", "sound",
6245 "max_mono_iters", and "max_new_mono_instances" options.
6246 - Removed "explicit_apply" and "full_types" options as well as "Full
6247 Types" Proof General menu item. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6250 - Removed "metisF" -- use "metis" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6251 - Obsoleted "metisFT" -- use "metis (full_types)" instead.
6255 - Renamed 'try_methods' and added "simp:", "intro:", "dest:", and
6256 "elim:" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6257 - Introduced 'try' that not only runs 'try_methods' but also
6258 'solve_direct', 'sledgehammer', 'quickcheck', and 'nitpick'.
6261 - Added "eval" option to evaluate terms for the found counterexample
6262 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
6263 - Added post-processing of terms to obtain readable counterexamples
6264 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
6265 - New counterexample generator quickcheck[narrowing] enables
6266 narrowing-based testing. Requires the Glasgow Haskell compiler
6267 with its installation location defined in the Isabelle settings
6268 environment as ISABELLE_GHC.
6269 - Removed quickcheck tester "SML" based on the SML code generator
6270 (formly in HOL/Library).
6272 * Function package: discontinued option "tailrec". INCOMPATIBILITY,
6273 use 'partial_function' instead.
6275 * Theory Library/Extended_Reals replaces now the positive extended
6276 reals found in probability theory. This file is extended by
6277 Multivariate_Analysis/Extended_Real_Limits.
6279 * Theory Library/Old_Recdef: old 'recdef' package has been moved here,
6280 from where it must be imported explicitly if it is really required.
6283 * Theory Library/Wfrec: well-founded recursion combinator "wfrec" has
6284 been moved here. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6286 * Theory Library/Saturated provides type of numbers with saturated
6289 * Theory Library/Product_Lattice defines a pointwise ordering for the
6290 product type 'a * 'b, and provides instance proofs for various order
6291 and lattice type classes.
6293 * Theory Library/Countable now provides the "countable_datatype" proof
6294 method for proving "countable" class instances for datatypes.
6296 * Theory Library/Cset_Monad allows do notation for computable sets
6297 (cset) via the generic monad ad-hoc overloading facility.
6299 * Library: Theories of common data structures are split into theories
6300 for implementation, an invariant-ensuring type, and connection to an
6301 abstract type. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6303 - RBT is split into RBT and RBT_Mapping.
6304 - AssocList is split and renamed into AList and AList_Mapping.
6305 - DList is split into DList_Impl, DList, and DList_Cset.
6306 - Cset is split into Cset and List_Cset.
6308 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity has been renamed to
6309 Library/Extended_Nat, with name changes of the following types and
6312 type inat ~> type enat
6314 Infty ~> infinity (overloaded)
6318 Every theorem name containing "inat", "Fin", "Infty", or "iSuc" has
6319 been renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6321 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: The euclidean_space type class now
6322 fixes a constant "Basis :: 'a set" consisting of the standard
6323 orthonormal basis for the type. Users now have the option of
6324 quantifying over this set instead of using the "basis" function, e.g.
6325 "ALL x:Basis. P x" vs "ALL i<DIM('a). P (basis i)".
6327 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Type "('a, 'b) cart" has been renamed
6328 to "('a, 'b) vec" (the syntax "'a ^ 'b" remains unaffected). Constants
6329 "Cart_nth" and "Cart_lambda" have been respectively renamed to
6330 "vec_nth" and "vec_lambda"; theorems mentioning those names have
6331 changed to match. Definition theorems for overloaded constants now use
6332 the standard "foo_vec_def" naming scheme. A few other theorems have
6333 been renamed as follows (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6335 Cart_eq ~> vec_eq_iff
6336 dist_nth_le_cart ~> dist_vec_nth_le
6337 tendsto_vector ~> vec_tendstoI
6338 Cauchy_vector ~> vec_CauchyI
6340 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Several duplicate theorems have been
6341 removed, and other theorems have been renamed or replaced with more
6342 general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6344 finite_choice ~> finite_set_choice
6345 eventually_conjI ~> eventually_conj
6346 eventually_and ~> eventually_conj_iff
6347 eventually_false ~> eventually_False
6348 setsum_norm ~> norm_setsum
6349 Lim_sequentially ~> LIMSEQ_def
6350 Lim_ident_at ~> LIM_ident
6351 Lim_const ~> tendsto_const
6352 Lim_cmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF tendsto_const]
6353 Lim_neg ~> tendsto_minus
6354 Lim_add ~> tendsto_add
6355 Lim_sub ~> tendsto_diff
6356 Lim_mul ~> tendsto_scaleR
6357 Lim_vmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF _ tendsto_const]
6358 Lim_null_norm ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff [symmetric]
6359 Lim_linear ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
6360 Lim_component ~> tendsto_euclidean_component
6361 Lim_component_cart ~> tendsto_vec_nth
6362 Lim_inner ~> tendsto_inner [OF tendsto_const]
6363 dot_lsum ~> inner_setsum_left
6364 dot_rsum ~> inner_setsum_right
6365 continuous_cmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF continuous_const]
6366 continuous_neg ~> continuous_minus
6367 continuous_sub ~> continuous_diff
6368 continuous_vmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF _ continuous_const]
6369 continuous_mul ~> continuous_scaleR
6370 continuous_inv ~> continuous_inverse
6371 continuous_at_within_inv ~> continuous_at_within_inverse
6372 continuous_at_inv ~> continuous_at_inverse
6373 continuous_at_norm ~> continuous_norm [OF continuous_at_id]
6374 continuous_at_infnorm ~> continuous_infnorm [OF continuous_at_id]
6375 continuous_at_component ~> continuous_component [OF continuous_at_id]
6376 continuous_on_neg ~> continuous_on_minus
6377 continuous_on_sub ~> continuous_on_diff
6378 continuous_on_cmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF continuous_on_const]
6379 continuous_on_vmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF _ continuous_on_const]
6380 continuous_on_mul ~> continuous_on_scaleR
6381 continuous_on_mul_real ~> continuous_on_mult
6382 continuous_on_inner ~> continuous_on_inner [OF continuous_on_const]
6383 continuous_on_norm ~> continuous_on_norm [OF continuous_on_id]
6384 continuous_on_inverse ~> continuous_on_inv
6385 uniformly_continuous_on_neg ~> uniformly_continuous_on_minus
6386 uniformly_continuous_on_sub ~> uniformly_continuous_on_diff
6387 subset_interior ~> interior_mono
6388 subset_closure ~> closure_mono
6389 closure_univ ~> closure_UNIV
6390 real_arch_lt ~> reals_Archimedean2
6391 real_arch ~> reals_Archimedean3
6392 real_abs_norm ~> abs_norm_cancel
6393 real_abs_sub_norm ~> norm_triangle_ineq3
6394 norm_cauchy_schwarz_abs ~> Cauchy_Schwarz_ineq2
6396 * Session HOL-Probability:
6397 - Caratheodory's extension lemma is now proved for ring_of_sets.
6398 - Infinite products of probability measures are now available.
6399 - Sigma closure is independent, if the generator is independent
6400 - Use extended reals instead of positive extended
6401 reals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6403 * Session HOLCF: Discontinued legacy theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
6405 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
6406 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
6407 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
6408 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
6409 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
6410 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
6411 monofun_fun_fun ~> fun_belowD
6412 monofun_fun_arg ~> monofunE
6413 monofun_lub_fun ~> adm_monofun [THEN admD]
6414 cont_lub_fun ~> adm_cont [THEN admD]
6415 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
6416 cont_Rep_CFun_app ~> cont_APP_app
6417 cont_Rep_CFun_app_app ~> cont_APP_app_app
6418 cont_cfun_fun ~> cont_Rep_cfun1 [THEN contE]
6419 cont_cfun_arg ~> cont_Rep_cfun2 [THEN contE]
6420 contlub_cfun ~> lub_APP [symmetric]
6421 contlub_LAM ~> lub_LAM [symmetric]
6424 lift_distinct1 ~> lift.distinct(1)
6425 lift_distinct2 ~> lift.distinct(2)
6426 Def_not_UU ~> lift.distinct(2)
6427 Def_inject ~> lift.inject
6428 below_UU_iff ~> below_bottom_iff
6429 eq_UU_iff ~> eq_bottom_iff
6432 *** Document preparation ***
6434 * Antiquotation @{rail} layouts railroad syntax diagrams, see also
6435 isar-ref manual, both for description and actual application of the
6438 * Antiquotation @{value} evaluates the given term and presents its
6441 * Antiquotations: term style "isub" provides ad-hoc conversion of
6442 variables x1, y23 into subscripted form x\<^isub>1,
6443 y\<^isub>2\<^isub>3.
6445 * Predefined LaTeX macros for Isabelle symbols \<bind> and \<then>
6446 (e.g. see ~~/src/HOL/Library/Monad_Syntax.thy).
6448 * Localized \isabellestyle switch can be used within blocks or groups
6451 \isabellestyle{it} %preferred default
6452 {\isabellestylett @{text "typewriter stuff"}}
6454 * Discontinued special treatment of hard tabulators. Implicit
6455 tab-width is now defined as 1. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY for visual
6461 * The inner syntax of sort/type/term/prop supports inlined YXML
6462 representations within quoted string tokens. By encoding logical
6463 entities via Term_XML (in ML or Scala) concrete syntax can be
6464 bypassed, which is particularly useful for producing bits of text
6465 under external program control.
6467 * Antiquotations for ML and document preparation are managed as theory
6468 data, which requires explicit setup.
6470 * Isabelle_Process.is_active allows tools to check if the official
6471 process wrapper is running (Isabelle/Scala/jEdit) or the old TTY loop
6472 (better known as Proof General).
6474 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
6475 ProofContext is still available for some time as legacy alias.
6477 * Structure Timing provides various operations for timing; supersedes
6478 former start_timing/end_timing etc.
6480 * Path.print is the official way to show file-system paths to users
6481 (including quotes etc.).
6483 * Inner syntax: identifiers in parse trees of generic categories
6484 "logic", "aprop", "idt" etc. carry position information (disguised as
6485 type constraints). Occasional INCOMPATIBILITY with non-compliant
6486 translations that choke on unexpected type constraints. Positions can
6487 be stripped in ML translations via Syntax.strip_positions /
6488 Syntax.strip_positions_ast, or via the syntax constant
6489 "_strip_positions" within parse trees. As last resort, positions can
6490 be disabled via the configuration option Syntax.positions, which is
6491 called "syntax_positions" in Isar attribute syntax.
6493 * Discontinued special status of various ML structures that contribute
6494 to structure Syntax (Ast, Lexicon, Mixfix, Parser, Printer etc.): less
6495 pervasive content, no inclusion in structure Syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY,
6496 refer directly to Ast.Constant, Lexicon.is_identifier,
6497 Syntax_Trans.mk_binder_tr etc.
6499 * Typed print translation: discontinued show_sorts argument, which is
6500 already available via context of "advanced" translation.
6502 * Refined PARALLEL_GOALS tactical: degrades gracefully for schematic
6503 goal states; body tactic needs to address all subgoals uniformly.
6505 * Slightly more special eq_list/eq_set, with shortcut involving
6506 pointer equality (assumes that eq relation is reflexive).
6508 * Classical tactics use proper Proof.context instead of historic types
6509 claset/clasimpset. Old-style declarations like addIs, addEs, addDs
6510 operate directly on Proof.context. Raw type claset retains its use as
6511 snapshot of the classical context, which can be recovered via
6512 (put_claset HOL_cs) etc. Type clasimpset has been discontinued.
6513 INCOMPATIBILITY, classical tactics and derived proof methods require
6514 proper Proof.context.
6519 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.2, which was the last version
6520 without proper multithreading and TimeLimit implementation.
6522 * Discontinued old lib/scripts/polyml-platform, which has been
6523 obsolete since Isabelle2009-2.
6525 * Various optional external tools are referenced more robustly and
6526 uniformly by explicit Isabelle settings as follows:
6528 ISABELLE_CSDP (formerly CSDP_EXE)
6529 ISABELLE_GHC (formerly EXEC_GHC or GHC_PATH)
6530 ISABELLE_OCAML (formerly EXEC_OCAML)
6531 ISABELLE_SWIPL (formerly EXEC_SWIPL)
6532 ISABELLE_YAP (formerly EXEC_YAP)
6534 Note that automated detection from the file-system or search path has
6535 been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6537 * Scala layer provides JVM method invocation service for static
6538 methods of type (String)String, see Invoke_Scala.method in ML. For
6541 Invoke_Scala.method "java.lang.System.getProperty" "java.home"
6543 Together with YXML.string_of_body/parse_body and XML.Encode/Decode
6544 this allows to pass structured values between ML and Scala.
6546 * The IsabelleText fonts includes some further glyphs to support the
6547 Prover IDE. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: users who happen to have
6548 installed a local copy (which is normally *not* required) need to
6549 delete or update it from ~~/lib/fonts/.
6553 New in Isabelle2011 (January 2011)
6554 ----------------------------------
6558 * Experimental Prover IDE based on Isabelle/Scala and jEdit (see
6559 src/Tools/jEdit). This also serves as IDE for Isabelle/ML, with
6560 useful tooltips and hyperlinks produced from its static analysis. The
6561 bundled component provides an executable Isabelle tool that can be run
6564 Isabelle2011/bin/isabelle jedit
6566 * Significantly improved Isabelle/Isar implementation manual.
6568 * System settings: ISABELLE_HOME_USER now includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER
6569 (and thus refers to something like $HOME/.isabelle/Isabelle2011),
6570 while the default heap location within that directory lacks that extra
6571 suffix. This isolates multiple Isabelle installations from each
6572 other, avoiding problems with old settings in new versions.
6573 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to copy/upgrade old user settings manually.
6575 * Source files are always encoded as UTF-8, instead of old-fashioned
6576 ISO-Latin-1. INCOMPATIBILITY. Isabelle LaTeX documents might require
6577 the following package declarations:
6579 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
6580 \usepackage{textcomp}
6582 * Explicit treatment of UTF-8 sequences as Isabelle symbols, such that
6583 a Unicode character is treated as a single symbol, not a sequence of
6584 non-ASCII bytes as before. Since Isabelle/ML string literals may
6585 contain symbols without further backslash escapes, Unicode can now be
6586 used here as well. Recall that Symbol.explode in ML provides a
6587 consistent view on symbols, while raw explode (or String.explode)
6588 merely give a byte-oriented representation.
6590 * Theory loader: source files are primarily located via the master
6591 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
6592 The global load path is still partially available as legacy feature.
6593 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY due to subtle change in file lookup: use
6594 explicit paths, relatively to the theory.
6596 * Special treatment of ML file names has been discontinued.
6597 Historically, optional extensions .ML or .sml were added on demand --
6598 at the cost of clarity of file dependencies. Recall that Isabelle/ML
6599 files exclusively use the .ML extension. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
6601 * Various options that affect pretty printing etc. are now properly
6602 handled within the context via configuration options, instead of
6603 unsynchronized references or print modes. There are both ML Config.T
6604 entities and Isar declaration attributes to access these.
6606 ML (Config.T) Isar (attribute)
6608 eta_contract eta_contract
6609 show_brackets show_brackets
6610 show_sorts show_sorts
6611 show_types show_types
6612 show_question_marks show_question_marks
6613 show_consts show_consts
6614 show_abbrevs show_abbrevs
6616 Syntax.ast_trace syntax_ast_trace
6617 Syntax.ast_stat syntax_ast_stat
6618 Syntax.ambiguity_level syntax_ambiguity_level
6620 Goal_Display.goals_limit goals_limit
6621 Goal_Display.show_main_goal show_main_goal
6623 Method.rule_trace rule_trace
6625 Thy_Output.display thy_output_display
6626 Thy_Output.quotes thy_output_quotes
6627 Thy_Output.indent thy_output_indent
6628 Thy_Output.source thy_output_source
6629 Thy_Output.break thy_output_break
6631 Note that corresponding "..._default" references in ML may only be
6632 changed globally at the ROOT session setup, but *not* within a theory.
6633 The option "show_abbrevs" supersedes the former print mode
6634 "no_abbrevs" with inverted meaning.
6636 * More systematic naming of some configuration options.
6639 trace_simp ~> simp_trace
6640 debug_simp ~> simp_debug
6642 * Support for real valued configuration options, using simplistic
6643 floating-point notation that coincides with the inner syntax for
6646 * Support for real valued preferences (with approximative PGIP type):
6647 front-ends need to accept "pgint" values in float notation.
6650 * The IsabelleText font now includes Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic from
6653 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.0 and 5.1 versions.
6658 * Command 'type_synonym' (with single argument) replaces somewhat
6659 outdated 'types', which is still available as legacy feature for some
6662 * Command 'nonterminal' (with 'and' separated list of arguments)
6663 replaces somewhat outdated 'nonterminals'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6665 * Command 'notepad' replaces former 'example_proof' for
6666 experimentation in Isar without any result. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6668 * Locale interpretation commands 'interpret' and 'sublocale' accept
6669 lists of equations to map definitions in a locale to appropriate
6670 entities in the context of the interpretation. The 'interpretation'
6671 command already provided this functionality.
6673 * Diagnostic command 'print_dependencies' prints the locale instances
6674 that would be activated if the specified expression was interpreted in
6675 the current context. Variant "print_dependencies!" assumes a context
6676 without interpretations.
6678 * Diagnostic command 'print_interps' prints interpretations in proofs
6679 in addition to interpretations in theories.
6681 * Discontinued obsolete 'global' and 'local' commands to manipulate
6682 the theory name space. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY. The ML functions
6683 Sign.root_path and Sign.local_path may be applied directly where this
6684 feature is still required for historical reasons.
6686 * Discontinued obsolete 'constdefs' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
6687 'definition' instead.
6689 * The "prems" fact, which refers to the accidental collection of
6690 foundational premises in the context, is now explicitly marked as
6691 legacy feature and will be discontinued soon. Consider using "assms"
6692 of the head statement or reference facts by explicit names.
6694 * Document antiquotations @{class} and @{type} print classes and type
6697 * Document antiquotation @{file} checks file/directory entries within
6698 the local file system.
6703 * Coercive subtyping: functions can be declared as coercions and type
6704 inference will add them as necessary upon input of a term. Theory
6705 Complex_Main declares real :: nat => real and real :: int => real as
6706 coercions. A coercion function f is declared like this:
6708 declare [[coercion f]]
6710 To lift coercions through type constructors (e.g. from nat => real to
6711 nat list => real list), map functions can be declared, e.g.
6713 declare [[coercion_map map]]
6715 Currently coercion inference is activated only in theories including
6716 real numbers, i.e. descendants of Complex_Main. This is controlled by
6717 the configuration option "coercion_enabled", e.g. it can be enabled in
6718 other theories like this:
6720 declare [[coercion_enabled]]
6722 * Command 'partial_function' provides basic support for recursive
6723 function definitions over complete partial orders. Concrete instances
6724 are provided for i) the option type, ii) tail recursion on arbitrary
6725 types, and iii) the heap monad of Imperative_HOL. See
6726 src/HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy and src/HOL/Imperative_HOL/ex/Linked_Lists.thy
6729 * Function package: f.psimps rules are no longer implicitly declared
6730 as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6732 * Datatype package: theorems generated for executable equality (class
6733 "eq") carry proper names and are treated as default code equations.
6735 * Inductive package: now offers command 'inductive_simps' to
6736 automatically derive instantiated and simplified equations for
6737 inductive predicates, similar to 'inductive_cases'.
6739 * Command 'enriched_type' allows to register properties of the
6740 functorial structure of types.
6742 * Improved infrastructure for term evaluation using code generator
6743 techniques, in particular static evaluation conversions.
6745 * Code generator: Scala (2.8 or higher) has been added to the target
6748 * Code generator: globbing constant expressions "*" and "Theory.*"
6749 have been replaced by the more idiomatic "_" and "Theory._".
6752 * Code generator: export_code without explicit file declaration prints
6753 to standard output. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6755 * Code generator: do not print function definitions for case
6756 combinators any longer.
6758 * Code generator: simplification with rules determined with
6759 src/Tools/Code/code_simp.ML and method "code_simp".
6761 * Code generator for records: more idiomatic representation of record
6762 types. Warning: records are not covered by ancient SML code
6763 generation any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY. In cases of need, a suitable
6764 rep_datatype declaration helps to succeed then:
6768 rep_datatype foo_ext ...
6770 * Records: logical foundation type for records does not carry a
6771 '_type' suffix any longer (obsolete due to authentic syntax).
6774 * Quickcheck now by default uses exhaustive testing instead of random
6775 testing. Random testing can be invoked by "quickcheck [random]",
6776 exhaustive testing by "quickcheck [exhaustive]".
6778 * Quickcheck instantiates polymorphic types with small finite
6779 datatypes by default. This enables a simple execution mechanism to
6780 handle quantifiers and function equality over the finite datatypes.
6782 * Quickcheck random generator has been renamed from "code" to
6783 "random". INCOMPATIBILITY.
6785 * Quickcheck now has a configurable time limit which is set to 30
6786 seconds by default. This can be changed by adding [timeout = n] to the
6787 quickcheck command. The time limit for Auto Quickcheck is still set
6790 * Quickcheck in locales considers interpretations of that locale for
6791 counter example search.
6794 - Added "smt" and "remote_smt" provers based on the "smt" proof
6795 method. See the Sledgehammer manual for details ("isabelle doc
6798 sledgehammer atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_provers
6799 sledgehammer atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_provers
6800 sledgehammer available_atps ~> sledgehammer available_provers
6803 sledgehammer [atps = ...] ~> sledgehammer [provers = ...]
6804 sledgehammer [atp = ...] ~> sledgehammer [prover = ...]
6805 sledgehammer [timeout = 77 s] ~> sledgehammer [timeout = 77]
6806 (and "ms" and "min" are no longer supported)
6811 nitpick [timeout = 77 s] ~> nitpick [timeout = 77]
6812 nitpick [tac_timeout = 777 ms] ~> nitpick [tac_timeout = 0.777]
6814 - Added support for partial quotient types.
6815 - Added local versions of the "Nitpick.register_xxx" functions.
6816 - Added "whack" option.
6817 - Allow registration of quotient types as codatatypes.
6818 - Improved "merge_type_vars" option to merge more types.
6819 - Removed unsound "fast_descrs" option.
6820 - Added custom symmetry breaking for datatypes, making it possible to reach
6821 higher cardinalities.
6822 - Prevent the expansion of too large definitions.
6824 * Proof methods "metis" and "meson" now have configuration options
6825 "meson_trace", "metis_trace", and "metis_verbose" that can be enabled
6826 to diagnose these tools. E.g.
6828 using [[metis_trace = true]]
6830 * Auto Solve: Renamed "Auto Solve Direct". The tool is now available
6831 manually as command 'solve_direct'.
6833 * The default SMT solver Z3 must be enabled explicitly (due to
6834 licensing issues) by setting the environment variable
6835 Z3_NON_COMMERCIAL in etc/settings of the component, for example. For
6836 commercial applications, the SMT solver CVC3 is provided as fall-back;
6837 changing the SMT solver is done via the configuration option
6840 * Remote SMT solvers need to be referred to by the "remote_" prefix,
6841 i.e. "remote_cvc3" and "remote_z3".
6843 * Added basic SMT support for datatypes, records, and typedefs using
6844 the oracle mode (no proofs). Direct support of pairs has been dropped
6845 in exchange (pass theorems fst_conv snd_conv pair_collapse to the SMT
6846 support for a similar behavior). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
6848 * Changed SMT configuration options:
6850 z3_proofs ~> smt_oracle (with inverted meaning)
6851 z3_trace_assms ~> smt_trace_used_facts
6864 * Boogie output files (.b2i files) need to be declared in the theory
6867 * Simplification procedure "list_to_set_comprehension" rewrites list
6868 comprehensions applied to List.set to set comprehensions. Occasional
6869 INCOMPATIBILITY, may be deactivated like this:
6871 declare [[simproc del: list_to_set_comprehension]]
6873 * Removed old version of primrec package. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6875 * Removed simplifier congruence rule of "prod_case", as has for long
6876 been the case with "split". INCOMPATIBILITY.
6878 * String.literal is a type, but not a datatype. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6880 * Removed [split_format ... and ... and ...] version of
6881 [split_format]. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
6883 * Predicate "sorted" now defined inductively, with nice induction
6884 rules. INCOMPATIBILITY: former sorted.simps now named sorted_simps.
6886 * Constant "contents" renamed to "the_elem", to free the generic name
6887 contents for other uses. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6889 * Renamed class eq and constant eq (for code generation) to class
6890 equal and constant equal, plus renaming of related facts and various
6891 tuning. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6893 * Dropped type classes mult_mono and mult_mono1. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6895 * Removed output syntax "'a ~=> 'b" for "'a => 'b option".
6898 * Renamed theory Fset to Cset, type Fset.fset to Cset.set, in order to
6899 avoid confusion with finite sets. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6901 * Abandoned locales equiv, congruent and congruent2 for equivalence
6902 relations. INCOMPATIBILITY: use equivI rather than equiv_intro (same
6905 * Some previously unqualified names have been qualified:
6912 Trueprop ~> HOL.Trueprop
6917 op --> ~> HOL.implies
6929 Pair ~> Product_Type.Pair
6930 fst ~> Product_Type.fst
6931 snd ~> Product_Type.snd
6932 curry ~> Product_Type.curry
6934 Collect ~> Set.Collect
6938 * More canonical naming convention for some fundamental definitions:
6940 bot_bool_eq ~> bot_bool_def
6941 top_bool_eq ~> top_bool_def
6942 inf_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_def
6943 sup_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_def
6944 bot_fun_eq ~> bot_fun_def
6945 top_fun_eq ~> top_fun_def
6946 inf_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_def
6947 sup_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_def
6951 * More stylized fact names:
6953 expand_fun_eq ~> fun_eq_iff
6954 expand_set_eq ~> set_eq_iff
6956 nat_number ~> eval_nat_numeral
6960 * Refactoring of code-generation specific operations in theory List:
6966 mem_iff ~> member_def
6967 null_empty ~> null_def
6969 INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that these were not supposed to be used
6970 regularly unless for striking reasons; their main purpose was code
6973 Various operations from the Haskell prelude are used for generating
6976 * Term "bij f" is now an abbreviation of "bij_betw f UNIV UNIV". Term
6977 "surj f" is now an abbreviation of "range f = UNIV". The theorems
6978 bij_def and surj_def are unchanged. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6980 * Abolished some non-alphabetic type names: "prod" and "sum" replace
6981 "*" and "+" respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6983 * Name "Plus" of disjoint sum operator "<+>" is now hidden. Write
6984 "Sum_Type.Plus" instead.
6986 * Constant "split" has been merged with constant "prod_case"; names of
6987 ML functions, facts etc. involving split have been retained so far,
6988 though. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6990 * Dropped old infix syntax "_ mem _" for List.member; use "_ : set _"
6991 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6993 * Removed lemma "Option.is_none_none" which duplicates "is_none_def".
6996 * Former theory Library/Enum is now part of the HOL-Main image.
6997 INCOMPATIBILITY: all constants of the Enum theory now have to be
6998 referred to by its qualified name.
7001 nlists ~> Enum.nlists
7002 product ~> Enum.product
7004 * Theory Library/Monad_Syntax provides do-syntax for monad types.
7005 Syntax in Library/State_Monad has been changed to avoid ambiguities.
7008 * Theory Library/SetsAndFunctions has been split into
7009 Library/Function_Algebras and Library/Set_Algebras; canonical names
7010 for instance definitions for functions; various improvements.
7013 * Theory Library/Multiset provides stable quicksort implementation of
7016 * Theory Library/Multiset: renamed empty_idemp ~> empty_neutral.
7019 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: introduced a type class for euclidean
7020 space. Most theorems are now stated in terms of euclidean spaces
7021 instead of finite cartesian products.
7024 real ^ 'n ~> 'a::real_vector
7025 ~> 'a::euclidean_space
7026 ~> 'a::ordered_euclidean_space
7027 (depends on your needs)
7031 \<chi> x. _ ~> \<chi>\<chi> x. _
7034 Also note that the indices are now natural numbers and not from some
7035 finite type. Finite cartesian products of euclidean spaces, products
7036 of euclidean spaces the real and complex numbers are instantiated to
7037 be euclidean_spaces. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7039 * Session Probability: introduced pextreal as positive extended real
7040 numbers. Use pextreal as value for measures. Introduce the
7041 Radon-Nikodym derivative, product spaces and Fubini's theorem for
7042 arbitrary sigma finite measures. Introduces Lebesgue measure based on
7043 the integral in Multivariate Analysis. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7045 * Session Imperative_HOL: revamped, corrected dozens of inadequacies.
7048 * Session SPARK (with image HOL-SPARK) provides commands to load and
7049 prove verification conditions generated by the SPARK Ada program
7050 verifier. See also src/HOL/SPARK and src/HOL/SPARK/Examples.
7055 * Theorems for additive ring operations (locale abelian_monoid and
7056 descendants) are generated by interpretation from their multiplicative
7057 counterparts. Names (in particular theorem names) have the mandatory
7058 qualifier 'add'. Previous theorem names are redeclared for
7061 * Structure "int_ring" is now an abbreviation (previously a
7062 definition). This fits more natural with advanced interpretations.
7067 * The domain package now runs in definitional mode by default: The
7068 former command 'new_domain' is now called 'domain'. To use the domain
7069 package in its original axiomatic mode, use 'domain (unsafe)'.
7072 * The new class "domain" is now the default sort. Class "predomain"
7073 is an unpointed version of "domain". Theories can be updated by
7074 replacing sort annotations as shown below. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7076 'a::type ~> 'a::countable
7077 'a::cpo ~> 'a::predomain
7078 'a::pcpo ~> 'a::domain
7080 * The old type class "rep" has been superseded by class "domain".
7081 Accordingly, users of the definitional package must remove any
7082 "default_sort rep" declarations. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7084 * The domain package (definitional mode) now supports unpointed
7085 predomain argument types, as long as they are marked 'lazy'. (Strict
7086 arguments must be in class "domain".) For example, the following
7087 domain definition now works:
7089 domain natlist = nil | cons (lazy "nat discr") (lazy "natlist")
7091 * Theory HOLCF/Library/HOL_Cpo provides cpo and predomain class
7092 instances for types from main HOL: bool, nat, int, char, 'a + 'b,
7093 'a option, and 'a list. Additionally, it configures fixrec and the
7094 domain package to work with these types. For example:
7096 fixrec isInl :: "('a + 'b) u -> tr"
7097 where "isInl$(up$(Inl x)) = TT" | "isInl$(up$(Inr y)) = FF"
7099 domain V = VFun (lazy "V -> V") | VCon (lazy "nat") (lazy "V list")
7101 * The "(permissive)" option of fixrec has been replaced with a
7102 per-equation "(unchecked)" option. See
7103 src/HOL/HOLCF/Tutorial/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7105 * The "bifinite" class no longer fixes a constant "approx"; the class
7106 now just asserts that such a function exists. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7108 * Former type "alg_defl" has been renamed to "defl". HOLCF no longer
7109 defines an embedding of type 'a defl into udom by default; instances
7110 of "bifinite" and "domain" classes are available in
7111 src/HOL/HOLCF/Library/Defl_Bifinite.thy.
7113 * The syntax "REP('a)" has been replaced with "DEFL('a)".
7115 * The predicate "directed" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7117 * The type class "finite_po" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7119 * The function "cprod_map" has been renamed to "prod_map".
7122 * The monadic bind operator on each powerdomain has new binder syntax
7123 similar to sets, e.g. "\<Union>\<sharp>x\<in>xs. t" represents
7124 "upper_bind\<cdot>xs\<cdot>(\<Lambda> x. t)".
7126 * The infix syntax for binary union on each powerdomain has changed
7127 from e.g. "+\<sharp>" to "\<union>\<sharp>", for consistency with set
7128 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7130 * The constant "UU" has been renamed to "bottom". The syntax "UU" is
7131 still supported as an input translation.
7133 * Renamed some theorems (the original names are also still available).
7135 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
7136 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
7137 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
7138 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
7139 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
7140 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
7141 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
7143 * The Abs and Rep functions for various types have changed names.
7144 Related theorem names have also changed to match. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7146 Rep_CFun ~> Rep_cfun
7147 Abs_CFun ~> Abs_cfun
7148 Rep_Sprod ~> Rep_sprod
7149 Abs_Sprod ~> Abs_sprod
7150 Rep_Ssum ~> Rep_ssum
7151 Abs_Ssum ~> Abs_ssum
7153 * Lemmas with names of the form *_defined_iff or *_strict_iff have
7154 been renamed to *_bottom_iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7156 * Various changes to bisimulation/coinduction with domain package:
7158 - Definitions of "bisim" constants no longer mention definedness.
7159 - With mutual recursion, "bisim" predicate is now curried.
7160 - With mutual recursion, each type gets a separate coind theorem.
7161 - Variable names in bisim_def and coinduct rules have changed.
7165 * Case combinators generated by the domain package for type "foo" are
7166 now named "foo_case" instead of "foo_when". INCOMPATIBILITY.
7168 * Several theorems have been renamed to more accurately reflect the
7169 names of constants and types involved. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7171 thelub_const ~> lub_const
7172 lub_const ~> is_lub_const
7174 is_lub_lub ~> is_lubD2
7176 unique_lub ~> is_lub_unique
7177 is_ub_lub ~> is_lub_rangeD1
7178 lub_bin_chain ~> is_lub_bin_chain
7179 lub_fun ~> is_lub_fun
7180 thelub_fun ~> lub_fun
7181 thelub_cfun ~> lub_cfun
7182 thelub_Pair ~> lub_Pair
7183 lub_cprod ~> is_lub_prod
7184 thelub_cprod ~> lub_prod
7185 minimal_cprod ~> minimal_prod
7186 inst_cprod_pcpo ~> inst_prod_pcpo
7188 compact_UU ~> compact_bottom
7189 deflation_UU ~> deflation_bottom
7190 finite_deflation_UU ~> finite_deflation_bottom
7192 * Many legacy theorem names have been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7194 sq_ord_less_eq_trans ~> below_eq_trans
7195 sq_ord_eq_less_trans ~> eq_below_trans
7196 refl_less ~> below_refl
7197 trans_less ~> below_trans
7198 antisym_less ~> below_antisym
7199 antisym_less_inverse ~> po_eq_conv [THEN iffD1]
7200 box_less ~> box_below
7201 rev_trans_less ~> rev_below_trans
7202 not_less2not_eq ~> not_below2not_eq
7203 less_UU_iff ~> below_UU_iff
7204 flat_less_iff ~> flat_below_iff
7205 adm_less ~> adm_below
7206 adm_not_less ~> adm_not_below
7207 adm_compact_not_less ~> adm_compact_not_below
7208 less_fun_def ~> below_fun_def
7209 expand_fun_less ~> fun_below_iff
7210 less_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
7211 less_discr_def ~> below_discr_def
7212 discr_less_eq ~> discr_below_eq
7213 less_unit_def ~> below_unit_def
7214 less_cprod_def ~> below_prod_def
7215 prod_lessI ~> prod_belowI
7216 Pair_less_iff ~> Pair_below_iff
7217 fst_less_iff ~> fst_below_iff
7218 snd_less_iff ~> snd_below_iff
7219 expand_cfun_less ~> cfun_below_iff
7220 less_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
7221 injection_less ~> injection_below
7222 less_up_def ~> below_up_def
7223 not_Iup_less ~> not_Iup_below
7224 Iup_less ~> Iup_below
7226 Def_inject_less_eq ~> Def_below_Def
7227 Def_less_is_eq ~> Def_below_iff
7228 spair_less_iff ~> spair_below_iff
7229 less_sprod ~> below_sprod
7230 spair_less ~> spair_below
7231 sfst_less_iff ~> sfst_below_iff
7232 ssnd_less_iff ~> ssnd_below_iff
7233 fix_least_less ~> fix_least_below
7234 dist_less_one ~> dist_below_one
7235 less_ONE ~> below_ONE
7236 ONE_less_iff ~> ONE_below_iff
7237 less_sinlD ~> below_sinlD
7238 less_sinrD ~> below_sinrD
7243 * All constant names are now qualified internally and use proper
7244 identifiers, e.g. "IFOL.eq" instead of "op =". INCOMPATIBILITY.
7249 * Antiquotation @{assert} inlines a function bool -> unit that raises
7250 Fail if the argument is false. Due to inlining the source position of
7251 failed assertions is included in the error output.
7253 * Discontinued antiquotation @{theory_ref}, which is obsolete since ML
7254 text is in practice always evaluated with a stable theory checkpoint.
7255 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use (Theory.check_thy @{theory}) instead.
7257 * Antiquotation @{theory A} refers to theory A from the ancestry of
7258 the current context, not any accidental theory loader state as before.
7259 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, subtle change in semantics.
7261 * Syntax.pretty_priority (default 0) configures the required priority
7262 of pretty-printed output and thus affects insertion of parentheses.
7264 * Syntax.default_root (default "any") configures the inner syntax
7265 category (nonterminal symbol) for parsing of terms.
7267 * Former exception Library.UnequalLengths now coincides with
7268 ListPair.UnequalLengths.
7270 * Renamed structure MetaSimplifier to Raw_Simplifier. Note that the
7271 main functionality is provided by structure Simplifier.
7273 * Renamed raw "explode" function to "raw_explode" to emphasize its
7274 meaning. Note that internally to Isabelle, Symbol.explode is used in
7275 almost all situations.
7277 * Discontinued obsolete function sys_error and exception SYS_ERROR.
7278 See implementation manual for further details on exceptions in
7281 * Renamed setmp_noncritical to Unsynchronized.setmp to emphasize its
7284 * Renamed structure PureThy to Pure_Thy and moved most of its
7285 operations to structure Global_Theory, to emphasize that this is
7286 rarely-used global-only stuff.
7288 * Discontinued Output.debug. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use plain writeln
7289 instead (or tracing for high-volume output).
7291 * Configuration option show_question_marks only affects regular pretty
7292 printing of types and terms, not raw Term.string_of_vname.
7294 * ML_Context.thm and ML_Context.thms are no longer pervasive. Rare
7295 INCOMPATIBILITY, superseded by static antiquotations @{thm} and
7296 @{thms} for most purposes.
7298 * ML structure Unsynchronized is never opened, not even in Isar
7299 interaction mode as before. Old Unsynchronized.set etc. have been
7300 discontinued -- use plain := instead. This should be *rare* anyway,
7301 since modern tools always work via official context data, notably
7302 configuration options.
7304 * Parallel and asynchronous execution requires special care concerning
7305 interrupts. Structure Exn provides some convenience functions that
7306 avoid working directly with raw Interrupt. User code must not absorb
7307 interrupts -- intermediate handling (for cleanup etc.) needs to be
7308 followed by re-raising of the original exception. Another common
7309 source of mistakes are "handle _" patterns, which make the meaning of
7310 the program subject to physical effects of the environment.
7314 New in Isabelle2009-2 (June 2010)
7315 ---------------------------------
7319 * Authentic syntax for *all* logical entities (type classes, type
7320 constructors, term constants): provides simple and robust
7321 correspondence between formal entities and concrete syntax. Within
7322 the parse tree / AST representations, "constants" are decorated by
7323 their category (class, type, const) and spelled out explicitly with
7324 their full internal name.
7326 Substantial INCOMPATIBILITY concerning low-level syntax declarations
7327 and translations (translation rules and translation functions in ML).
7328 Some hints on upgrading:
7330 - Many existing uses of 'syntax' and 'translations' can be replaced
7331 by more modern 'type_notation', 'notation' and 'abbreviation',
7332 which are independent of this issue.
7334 - 'translations' require markup within the AST; the term syntax
7335 provides the following special forms:
7337 CONST c -- produces syntax version of constant c from context
7338 XCONST c -- literally c, checked as constant from context
7339 c -- literally c, if declared by 'syntax'
7341 Plain identifiers are treated as AST variables -- occasionally the
7342 system indicates accidental variables via the error "rhs contains
7345 Type classes and type constructors are marked according to their
7346 concrete syntax. Some old translations rules need to be written
7347 for the "type" category, using type constructor application
7348 instead of pseudo-term application of the default category
7351 - 'parse_translation' etc. in ML may use the following
7354 @{class_syntax c} -- type class c within parse tree / AST
7355 @{term_syntax c} -- type constructor c within parse tree / AST
7356 @{const_syntax c} -- ML version of "CONST c" above
7357 @{syntax_const c} -- literally c (checked wrt. 'syntax' declarations)
7359 - Literal types within 'typed_print_translations', i.e. those *not*
7360 represented as pseudo-terms are represented verbatim. Use @{class
7361 c} or @{type_name c} here instead of the above syntax
7364 Note that old non-authentic syntax was based on unqualified base
7365 names, so all of the above "constant" names would coincide. Recall
7366 that 'print_syntax' and ML_command "set Syntax.trace_ast" help to
7367 diagnose syntax problems.
7369 * Type constructors admit general mixfix syntax, not just infix.
7371 * Concrete syntax may be attached to local entities without a proof
7372 body, too. This works via regular mixfix annotations for 'fix',
7373 'def', 'obtain' etc. or via the explicit 'write' command, which is
7374 similar to the 'notation' command in theory specifications.
7376 * Discontinued unnamed infix syntax (legacy feature for many years) --
7377 need to specify constant name and syntax separately. Internal ML
7378 datatype constructors have been renamed from InfixName to Infix etc.
7379 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
7381 * Schematic theorem statements need to be explicitly markup as such,
7382 via commands 'schematic_lemma', 'schematic_theorem',
7383 'schematic_corollary'. Thus the relevance of the proof is made
7384 syntactically clear, which impacts performance in a parallel or
7385 asynchronous interactive environment. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
7387 * Use of cumulative prems via "!" in some proof methods has been
7388 discontinued (old legacy feature).
7390 * References 'trace_simp' and 'debug_simp' have been replaced by
7391 configuration options stored in the context. Enabling tracing (the
7392 case of debugging is similar) in proofs works via
7394 using [[trace_simp = true]]
7396 Tracing is then active for all invocations of the simplifier in
7397 subsequent goal refinement steps. Tracing may also still be enabled or
7398 disabled via the ProofGeneral settings menu.
7400 * Separate commands 'hide_class', 'hide_type', 'hide_const',
7401 'hide_fact' replace the former 'hide' KIND command. Minor
7404 * Improved parallelism of proof term normalization: usedir -p2 -q0 is
7405 more efficient than combinations with -q1 or -q2.
7410 * Proofterms record type-class reasoning explicitly, using the
7411 "unconstrain" operation internally. This eliminates all sort
7412 constraints from a theorem and proof, introducing explicit
7413 OFCLASS-premises. On the proof term level, this operation is
7414 automatically applied at theorem boundaries, such that closed proofs
7415 are always free of sort constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools that
7416 inspect proof terms.
7418 * Local theory specifications may depend on extra type variables that
7419 are not present in the result type -- arguments TYPE('a) :: 'a itself
7420 are added internally. For example:
7422 definition unitary :: bool where "unitary = (ALL (x::'a) y. x = y)"
7424 * Predicates of locales introduced by classes carry a mandatory
7425 "class" prefix. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7427 * Vacuous class specifications observe default sort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7429 * Old 'axclass' command has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
7432 * Command 'code_reflect' allows to incorporate generated ML code into
7433 runtime environment; replaces immature code_datatype antiquotation.
7436 * Code generator: simple concept for abstract datatypes obeying
7439 * Code generator: details of internal data cache have no impact on the
7440 user space functionality any longer.
7442 * Methods "unfold_locales" and "intro_locales" ignore non-locale
7443 subgoals. This is more appropriate for interpretations with 'where'.
7446 * Command 'example_proof' opens an empty proof body. This allows to
7447 experiment with Isar, without producing any persistent result.
7449 * Commands 'type_notation' and 'no_type_notation' declare type syntax
7450 within a local theory context, with explicit checking of the
7451 constructors involved (in contrast to the raw 'syntax' versions).
7453 * Commands 'types' and 'typedecl' now work within a local theory
7454 context -- without introducing dependencies on parameters or
7455 assumptions, which is not possible in Isabelle/Pure.
7457 * Command 'defaultsort' has been renamed to 'default_sort', it works
7458 within a local theory context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
7463 * Command 'typedef' now works within a local theory context -- without
7464 introducing dependencies on parameters or assumptions, which is not
7465 possible in Isabelle/Pure/HOL. Note that the logical environment may
7466 contain multiple interpretations of local typedefs (with different
7467 non-emptiness proofs), even in a global theory context.
7469 * New package for quotient types. Commands 'quotient_type' and
7470 'quotient_definition' may be used for defining types and constants by
7471 quotient constructions. An example is the type of integers created by
7472 quotienting pairs of natural numbers:
7475 intrel :: "(nat * nat) => (nat * nat) => bool"
7477 "intrel (x, y) (u, v) = (x + v = u + y)"
7479 quotient_type int = "nat * nat" / intrel
7480 by (auto simp add: equivp_def expand_fun_eq)
7483 "0::int" is "(0::nat, 0::nat)"
7485 The method "lifting" can be used to lift of theorems from the
7486 underlying "raw" type to the quotient type. The example
7487 src/HOL/Quotient_Examples/FSet.thy includes such a quotient
7488 construction and provides a reasoning infrastructure for finite sets.
7490 * Renamed Library/Quotient.thy to Library/Quotient_Type.thy to avoid
7491 clash with new theory Quotient in Main HOL.
7493 * Moved the SMT binding into the main HOL session, eliminating
7494 separate HOL-SMT session.
7496 * List membership infix mem operation is only an input abbreviation.
7499 * Theory Library/Word.thy has been removed. Use library Word/Word.thy
7500 for future developements; former Library/Word.thy is still present in
7501 the AFP entry RSAPPS.
7503 * Theorem Int.int_induct renamed to Int.int_of_nat_induct and is no
7504 longer shadowed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7506 * Dropped theorem duplicate comp_arith; use semiring_norm instead.
7509 * Dropped theorem RealPow.real_sq_order; use power2_le_imp_le instead.
7512 * Dropped normalizing_semiring etc; use the facts in semiring classes
7513 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7515 * Dropped several real-specific versions of lemmas about floor and
7516 ceiling; use the generic lemmas from theory "Archimedean_Field"
7517 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7519 floor_number_of_eq ~> floor_number_of
7520 le_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_floor
7521 le_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_le_floor
7522 le_floor_eq_one ~> one_le_floor
7523 floor_less_eq_number_of ~> floor_less_number_of
7524 floor_less_eq_zero ~> floor_less_zero
7525 floor_less_eq_one ~> floor_less_one
7526 less_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_floor
7527 less_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_less_floor
7528 less_floor_eq_one ~> one_less_floor
7529 floor_le_eq_number_of ~> floor_le_number_of
7530 floor_le_eq_zero ~> floor_le_zero
7531 floor_le_eq_one ~> floor_le_one
7532 floor_subtract_number_of ~> floor_diff_number_of
7533 floor_subtract_one ~> floor_diff_one
7534 ceiling_number_of_eq ~> ceiling_number_of
7535 ceiling_le_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_le_number_of
7536 ceiling_le_zero_eq ~> ceiling_le_zero
7537 ceiling_le_eq_one ~> ceiling_le_one
7538 less_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_ceiling
7539 less_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_less_ceiling
7540 less_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_less_ceiling
7541 ceiling_less_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_less_number_of
7542 ceiling_less_eq_zero ~> ceiling_less_zero
7543 ceiling_less_eq_one ~> ceiling_less_one
7544 le_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_ceiling
7545 le_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_le_ceiling
7546 le_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_le_ceiling
7547 ceiling_subtract_number_of ~> ceiling_diff_number_of
7548 ceiling_subtract_one ~> ceiling_diff_one
7550 * Theory "Finite_Set": various folding_XXX locales facilitate the
7551 application of the various fold combinators on finite sets.
7553 * Library theory "RBT" renamed to "RBT_Impl"; new library theory "RBT"
7554 provides abstract red-black tree type which is backed by "RBT_Impl" as
7555 implementation. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7557 * Theory Library/Coinductive_List has been removed -- superseded by
7558 AFP/thys/Coinductive.
7560 * Theory PReal, including the type "preal" and related operations, has
7561 been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7563 * Real: new development using Cauchy Sequences.
7565 * Split off theory "Big_Operators" containing setsum, setprod,
7566 Inf_fin, Sup_fin, Min, Max from theory Finite_Set. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7568 * Theory "Rational" renamed to "Rat", for consistency with "Nat",
7569 "Int" etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7571 * Constant Rat.normalize needs to be qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7573 * New set of rules "ac_simps" provides combined assoc / commute
7574 rewrites for all interpretations of the appropriate generic locales.
7576 * Renamed theory "OrderedGroup" to "Groups" and split theory
7577 "Ring_and_Field" into theories "Rings" and "Fields"; for more
7578 appropriate and more consistent names suitable for name prefixes
7579 within the HOL theories. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7581 * Some generic constants have been put to appropriate theories:
7582 - less_eq, less: Orderings
7583 - zero, one, plus, minus, uminus, times, abs, sgn: Groups
7584 - inverse, divide: Rings
7587 * More consistent naming of type classes involving orderings (and
7590 lower_semilattice ~> semilattice_inf
7591 upper_semilattice ~> semilattice_sup
7593 dense_linear_order ~> dense_linorder
7595 pordered_ab_group_add ~> ordered_ab_group_add
7596 pordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> ordered_ab_group_add_abs
7597 pordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add
7598 pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le
7599 pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
7600 pordered_cancel_comm_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_comm_semiring
7601 pordered_cancel_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_semiring
7602 pordered_comm_monoid_add ~> ordered_comm_monoid_add
7603 pordered_comm_ring ~> ordered_comm_ring
7604 pordered_comm_semiring ~> ordered_comm_semiring
7605 pordered_ring ~> ordered_ring
7606 pordered_ring_abs ~> ordered_ring_abs
7607 pordered_semiring ~> ordered_semiring
7609 ordered_ab_group_add ~> linordered_ab_group_add
7610 ordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_ab_semigroup_add
7611 ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
7612 ordered_comm_semiring_strict ~> linordered_comm_semiring_strict
7613 ordered_field ~> linordered_field
7614 ordered_field_no_lb ~> linordered_field_no_lb
7615 ordered_field_no_ub ~> linordered_field_no_ub
7616 ordered_field_dense_linear_order ~> dense_linordered_field
7617 ordered_idom ~> linordered_idom
7618 ordered_ring ~> linordered_ring
7619 ordered_ring_le_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_le_cancel_factor
7620 ordered_ring_less_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_less_cancel_factor
7621 ordered_ring_strict ~> linordered_ring_strict
7622 ordered_semidom ~> linordered_semidom
7623 ordered_semiring ~> linordered_semiring
7624 ordered_semiring_1 ~> linordered_semiring_1
7625 ordered_semiring_1_strict ~> linordered_semiring_1_strict
7626 ordered_semiring_strict ~> linordered_semiring_strict
7628 The following slightly odd type classes have been moved to a
7629 separate theory Library/Lattice_Algebras:
7631 lordered_ab_group_add ~> lattice_ab_group_add
7632 lordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> lattice_ab_group_add_abs
7633 lordered_ab_group_add_meet ~> semilattice_inf_ab_group_add
7634 lordered_ab_group_add_join ~> semilattice_sup_ab_group_add
7635 lordered_ring ~> lattice_ring
7639 * Refined field classes:
7640 - classes division_ring_inverse_zero, field_inverse_zero,
7641 linordered_field_inverse_zero include rule inverse 0 = 0 --
7642 subsumes former division_by_zero class;
7643 - numerous lemmas have been ported from field to division_ring.
7646 * Refined algebra theorem collections:
7647 - dropped theorem group group_simps, use algebra_simps instead;
7648 - dropped theorem group ring_simps, use field_simps instead;
7649 - proper theorem collection field_simps subsumes former theorem
7650 groups field_eq_simps and field_simps;
7651 - dropped lemma eq_minus_self_iff which is a duplicate for
7655 * Theory Finite_Set and List: some lemmas have been generalized from
7658 fun_left_comm_idem_inter ~> fun_left_comm_idem_inf
7659 fun_left_comm_idem_union ~> fun_left_comm_idem_sup
7660 inter_Inter_fold_inter ~> inf_Inf_fold_inf
7661 union_Union_fold_union ~> sup_Sup_fold_sup
7662 Inter_fold_inter ~> Inf_fold_inf
7663 Union_fold_union ~> Sup_fold_sup
7664 inter_INTER_fold_inter ~> inf_INFI_fold_inf
7665 union_UNION_fold_union ~> sup_SUPR_fold_sup
7666 INTER_fold_inter ~> INFI_fold_inf
7667 UNION_fold_union ~> SUPR_fold_sup
7669 * Theory "Complete_Lattice": lemmas top_def and bot_def have been
7670 replaced by the more convenient lemmas Inf_empty and Sup_empty.
7671 Dropped lemmas Inf_insert_simp and Sup_insert_simp, which are subsumed
7672 by Inf_insert and Sup_insert. Lemmas Inf_UNIV and Sup_UNIV replace
7673 former Inf_Univ and Sup_Univ. Lemmas inf_top_right and sup_bot_right
7674 subsume inf_top and sup_bot respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7676 * Reorganized theory Multiset: swapped notation of pointwise and
7679 - pointwise ordering is instance of class order with standard syntax
7681 - multiset ordering has syntax <=# and <#; partial order properties
7682 are provided by means of interpretation with prefix
7684 - less duplication, less historical organization of sections,
7685 conversion from associations lists to multisets, rudimentary code
7687 - use insert_DiffM2 [symmetric] instead of elem_imp_eq_diff_union,
7692 multiset_eq_conv_count_eq ~> multiset_ext_iff
7693 multi_count_ext ~> multiset_ext
7694 diff_union_inverse2 ~> diff_union_cancelR
7698 * Theory Permutation: replaced local "remove" by List.remove1.
7700 * Code generation: ML and OCaml code is decorated with signatures.
7702 * Theory List: added transpose.
7704 * Library/Nat_Bijection.thy is a collection of bijective functions
7705 between nat and other types, which supersedes the older libraries
7706 Library/Nat_Int_Bij.thy and HOLCF/NatIso.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7709 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat ~> prod_encode
7710 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2 ~> prod_decode
7711 Nat_Int_Bij.int_to_nat_bij ~> int_encode
7712 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_int_bij ~> int_decode
7713 Countable.pair_encode ~> prod_encode
7714 NatIso.prod2nat ~> prod_encode
7715 NatIso.nat2prod ~> prod_decode
7716 NatIso.sum2nat ~> sum_encode
7717 NatIso.nat2sum ~> sum_decode
7718 NatIso.list2nat ~> list_encode
7719 NatIso.nat2list ~> list_decode
7720 NatIso.set2nat ~> set_encode
7721 NatIso.nat2set ~> set_decode
7724 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_decode
7725 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_inj ~> inj_prod_encode
7726 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_surj ~> surj_prod_encode
7727 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_inj ~> inj_prod_decode
7728 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_surj ~> surj_prod_decode
7729 Nat_Int_Bij.i2n_n2i_id ~> int_encode_inverse
7730 Nat_Int_Bij.n2i_i2n_id ~> int_decode_inverse
7731 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_nat_to_int_bij ~> surj_int_encode
7732 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_int_to_nat_bij ~> surj_int_decode
7733 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_nat_to_int_bij ~> inj_int_encode
7734 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_int_to_nat_bij ~> inj_int_decode
7735 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_encode
7736 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_int_to_nat_bij ~> bij_int_decode
7739 - Renamed ATP commands:
7740 atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_atps
7741 atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_atps
7742 atp_messages ~> sledgehammer messages
7743 atp_minimize ~> sledgehammer minimize
7744 print_atps ~> sledgehammer available_atps
7746 - Added user's manual ("isabelle doc sledgehammer").
7747 - Added option syntax and "sledgehammer_params" to customize
7748 Sledgehammer's behavior. See the manual for details.
7749 - Modified the Isar proof reconstruction code so that it produces
7750 direct proofs rather than proofs by contradiction. (This feature
7751 is still experimental.)
7752 - Made Isar proof reconstruction work for SPASS, remote ATPs, and in
7754 - Added support for TPTP syntax for SPASS via the "spass_tptp" ATP.
7757 - Added and implemented "binary_ints" and "bits" options.
7758 - Added "std" option and implemented support for nonstandard models.
7759 - Added and implemented "finitize" option to improve the precision
7760 of infinite datatypes based on a monotonicity analysis.
7761 - Added support for quotient types.
7762 - Added support for "specification" and "ax_specification"
7764 - Added support for local definitions (for "function" and
7765 "termination" proofs).
7766 - Added support for term postprocessors.
7767 - Optimized "Multiset.multiset" and "FinFun.finfun".
7768 - Improved efficiency of "destroy_constrs" optimization.
7769 - Fixed soundness bugs related to "destroy_constrs" optimization and
7771 - Fixed soundness bug related to higher-order constructors.
7772 - Fixed soundness bug when "full_descrs" is enabled.
7773 - Improved precision of set constructs.
7774 - Added "atoms" option.
7775 - Added cache to speed up repeated Kodkod invocations on the same
7777 - Renamed "MiniSatJNI", "zChaffJNI", "BerkMinAlloy", and
7778 "SAT4JLight" to "MiniSat_JNI", "zChaff_JNI", "BerkMin_Alloy", and
7779 "SAT4J_Light". INCOMPATIBILITY.
7780 - Removed "skolemize", "uncurry", "sym_break", "flatten_prop",
7781 "sharing_depth", and "show_skolems" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7782 - Removed "nitpick_intro" attribute. INCOMPATIBILITY.
7784 * Method "induct" now takes instantiations of the form t, where t is not
7785 a variable, as a shorthand for "x == t", where x is a fresh variable.
7786 If this is not intended, t has to be enclosed in parentheses.
7787 By default, the equalities generated by definitional instantiations
7788 are pre-simplified, which may cause parameters of inductive cases
7789 to disappear, or may even delete some of the inductive cases.
7790 Use "induct (no_simp)" instead of "induct" to restore the old
7791 behaviour. The (no_simp) option is also understood by the "cases"
7792 and "nominal_induct" methods, which now perform pre-simplification, too.
7798 * Variable names in lemmas generated by the domain package have
7799 changed; the naming scheme is now consistent with the HOL datatype
7800 package. Some proof scripts may be affected, INCOMPATIBILITY.
7802 * The domain package no longer defines the function "foo_copy" for
7803 recursive domain "foo". The reach lemma is now stated directly in
7804 terms of "foo_take". Lemmas and proofs that mention "foo_copy" must
7805 be reformulated in terms of "foo_take", INCOMPATIBILITY.
7807 * Most definedness lemmas generated by the domain package (previously
7808 of the form "x ~= UU ==> foo$x ~= UU") now have an if-and-only-if form
7809 like "foo$x = UU <-> x = UU", which works better as a simp rule.
7810 Proofs that used definedness lemmas as intro rules may break,
7811 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
7813 * Induction and casedist rules generated by the domain package now
7814 declare proper case_names (one called "bottom", and one named for each
7815 constructor). INCOMPATIBILITY.
7817 * For mutually-recursive domains, separate "reach" and "take_lemma"
7818 rules are generated for each domain, INCOMPATIBILITY.
7820 foo_bar.reach ~> foo.reach bar.reach
7821 foo_bar.take_lemmas ~> foo.take_lemma bar.take_lemma
7823 * Some lemmas generated by the domain package have been renamed for
7824 consistency with the datatype package, INCOMPATIBILITY.
7826 foo.ind ~> foo.induct
7827 foo.finite_ind ~> foo.finite_induct
7828 foo.coind ~> foo.coinduct
7829 foo.casedist ~> foo.exhaust
7830 foo.exhaust ~> foo.nchotomy
7832 * For consistency with other definition packages, the fixrec package
7833 now generates qualified theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
7835 foo_simps ~> foo.simps
7836 foo_unfold ~> foo.unfold
7837 foo_induct ~> foo.induct
7839 * The "fixrec_simp" attribute has been removed. The "fixrec_simp"
7840 method and internal fixrec proofs now use the default simpset instead.
7843 * The "contlub" predicate has been removed. Proof scripts should use
7844 lemma contI2 in place of monocontlub2cont, INCOMPATIBILITY.
7846 * The "admw" predicate has been removed, INCOMPATIBILITY.
7848 * The constants cpair, cfst, and csnd have been removed in favor of
7849 Pair, fst, and snd from Isabelle/HOL, INCOMPATIBILITY.
7854 * Antiquotations for basic formal entities:
7856 @{class NAME} -- type class
7857 @{class_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of the above
7859 @{type_name NAME} -- logical type
7860 @{type_abbrev NAME} -- type abbreviation
7861 @{nonterminal NAME} -- type of concrete syntactic category
7862 @{type_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
7864 @{const_name NAME} -- logical constant (INCOMPATIBILITY)
7865 @{const_abbrev NAME} -- abbreviated constant
7866 @{const_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
7868 * Antiquotation @{syntax_const NAME} ensures that NAME refers to a raw
7869 syntax constant (cf. 'syntax' command).
7871 * Antiquotation @{make_string} inlines a function to print arbitrary
7872 values similar to the ML toplevel. The result is compiler dependent
7873 and may fall back on "?" in certain situations.
7875 * Diagnostic commands 'ML_val' and 'ML_command' may refer to
7876 antiquotations @{Isar.state} and @{Isar.goal}. This replaces impure
7877 Isar.state() and Isar.goal(), which belong to the old TTY loop and do
7878 not work with the asynchronous Isar document model.
7880 * Configuration options now admit dynamic default values, depending on
7881 the context or even global references.
7883 * SHA1.digest digests strings according to SHA-1 (see RFC 3174). It
7884 uses an efficient external library if available (for Poly/ML).
7886 * Renamed some important ML structures, while keeping the old names
7887 for some time as aliases within the structure Legacy:
7889 OuterKeyword ~> Keyword
7892 OuterSyntax ~> Outer_Syntax
7893 PrintMode ~> Print_Mode
7894 SpecParse ~> Parse_Spec
7897 ThyOutput ~> Thy_Output
7898 TypeInfer ~> Type_Infer
7900 Note that "open Legacy" simplifies porting of sources, but forgetting
7901 to remove it again will complicate porting again in the future.
7903 * Most operations that refer to a global context are named
7904 accordingly, e.g. Simplifier.global_context or
7905 ProofContext.init_global. There are some situations where a global
7906 context actually works, but under normal circumstances one needs to
7907 pass the proper local context through the code!
7909 * Discontinued old TheoryDataFun with its copy/init operation -- data
7910 needs to be pure. Functor Theory_Data_PP retains the traditional
7911 Pretty.pp argument to merge, which is absent in the standard
7912 Theory_Data version.
7914 * Sorts.certify_sort and derived "cert" operations for types and terms
7915 no longer minimize sorts. Thus certification at the boundary of the
7916 inference kernel becomes invariant under addition of class relations,
7917 which is an important monotonicity principle. Sorts are now minimized
7918 in the syntax layer only, at the boundary between the end-user and the
7919 system. Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY, may have to use Sign.minimize_sort
7920 explicitly in rare situations.
7922 * Renamed old-style Drule.standard to Drule.export_without_context, to
7923 emphasize that this is in no way a standard operation.
7926 * Subgoal.FOCUS (and variants): resulting goal state is normalized as
7927 usual for resolution. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
7929 * Renamed varify/unvarify operations to varify_global/unvarify_global
7930 to emphasize that these only work in a global situation (which is
7933 * Curried take and drop in library.ML; negative length is interpreted
7934 as infinity (as in chop). Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY.
7936 * Proof terms: type substitutions on proof constants now use canonical
7937 order of type variables. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools working with proof
7940 * Raw axioms/defs may no longer carry sort constraints, and raw defs
7941 may no longer carry premises. User-level specifications are
7942 transformed accordingly by Thm.add_axiom/add_def.
7947 * Discontinued special HOL_USEDIR_OPTIONS for the main HOL image;
7948 ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS applies uniformly to all sessions. Note that
7949 proof terms are enabled unconditionally in the new HOL-Proofs image.
7951 * Discontinued old ISABELLE and ISATOOL environment settings (legacy
7952 feature since Isabelle2009). Use ISABELLE_PROCESS and ISABELLE_TOOL,
7955 * Old lib/scripts/polyml-platform is superseded by the
7956 ISABELLE_PLATFORM setting variable, which defaults to the 32 bit
7957 variant, even on a 64 bit machine. The following example setting
7958 prefers 64 bit if available:
7960 ML_PLATFORM="${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM}"
7962 * The preliminary Isabelle/jEdit application demonstrates the emerging
7963 Isabelle/Scala layer for advanced prover interaction and integration.
7964 See src/Tools/jEdit or "isabelle jedit" provided by the properly built
7967 * "IsabelleText" is a Unicode font derived from Bitstream Vera Mono
7968 and Bluesky TeX fonts. It provides the usual Isabelle symbols,
7969 similar to the default assignment of the document preparation system
7970 (cf. isabellesym.sty). The Isabelle/Scala class Isabelle_System
7971 provides some operations for direct access to the font without asking
7972 the user for manual installation.
7976 New in Isabelle2009-1 (December 2009)
7977 -------------------------------------
7981 * Discontinued old form of "escaped symbols" such as \\<forall>. Only
7982 one backslash should be used, even in ML sources.
7987 * Locale interpretation propagates mixins along the locale hierarchy.
7988 The currently only available mixins are the equations used to map
7989 local definitions to terms of the target domain of an interpretation.
7991 * Reactivated diagnostic command 'print_interps'. Use "print_interps
7992 loc" to print all interpretations of locale "loc" in the theory.
7993 Interpretations in proofs are not shown.
7995 * Thoroughly revised locales tutorial. New section on conditional
7998 * On instantiation of classes, remaining undefined class parameters
7999 are formally declared. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8002 *** Document preparation ***
8004 * New generalized style concept for printing terms: @{foo (style) ...}
8005 instead of @{foo_style style ...} (old form is still retained for
8006 backward compatibility). Styles can be also applied for
8007 antiquotations prop, term_type and typeof.
8012 * New proof method "smt" for a combination of first-order logic with
8013 equality, linear and nonlinear (natural/integer/real) arithmetic, and
8014 fixed-size bitvectors; there is also basic support for higher-order
8015 features (esp. lambda abstractions). It is an incomplete decision
8016 procedure based on external SMT solvers using the oracle mechanism;
8017 for the SMT solver Z3, this method is proof-producing. Certificates
8018 are provided to avoid calling the external solvers solely for
8019 re-checking proofs. Due to a remote SMT service there is no need for
8020 installing SMT solvers locally. See src/HOL/SMT.
8022 * New commands to load and prove verification conditions generated by
8023 the Boogie program verifier or derived systems (e.g. the Verifying C
8024 Compiler (VCC) or Spec#). See src/HOL/Boogie.
8026 * New counterexample generator tool 'nitpick' based on the Kodkod
8027 relational model finder. See src/HOL/Tools/Nitpick and
8028 src/HOL/Nitpick_Examples.
8030 * New commands 'code_pred' and 'values' to invoke the predicate
8031 compiler and to enumerate values of inductive predicates.
8033 * A tabled implementation of the reflexive transitive closure.
8035 * New implementation of quickcheck uses generic code generator;
8036 default generators are provided for all suitable HOL types, records
8037 and datatypes. Old quickcheck can be re-activated importing theory
8038 Library/SML_Quickcheck.
8040 * New testing tool Mirabelle for automated proof tools. Applies
8041 several tools and tactics like sledgehammer, metis, or quickcheck, to
8042 every proof step in a theory. To be used in batch mode via the
8043 "mirabelle" utility.
8045 * New proof method "sos" (sum of squares) for nonlinear real
8046 arithmetic (originally due to John Harison). It requires theory
8047 Library/Sum_Of_Squares. It is not a complete decision procedure but
8048 works well in practice on quantifier-free real arithmetic with +, -,
8049 *, ^, =, <= and <, i.e. boolean combinations of equalities and
8050 inequalities between polynomials. It makes use of external
8051 semidefinite programming solvers. Method "sos" generates a
8052 certificate that can be pasted into the proof thus avoiding the need
8053 to call an external tool every time the proof is checked. See
8054 src/HOL/Library/Sum_Of_Squares.
8056 * New method "linarith" invokes existing linear arithmetic decision
8059 * New command 'atp_minimal' reduces result produced by Sledgehammer.
8061 * New Sledgehammer option "Full Types" in Proof General settings menu.
8062 Causes full type information to be output to the ATPs. This slows
8063 ATPs down considerably but eliminates a source of unsound "proofs"
8066 * New method "metisFT": A version of metis that uses full type
8067 information in order to avoid failures of proof reconstruction.
8069 * New evaluator "approximate" approximates an real valued term using
8070 the same method as the approximation method.
8072 * Method "approximate" now supports arithmetic expressions as
8073 boundaries of intervals and implements interval splitting and Taylor
8076 * ML antiquotation @{code_datatype} inserts definition of a datatype
8077 generated by the code generator; e.g. see src/HOL/Predicate.thy.
8079 * New theory SupInf of the supremum and infimum operators for sets of
8082 * New theory Probability, which contains a development of measure
8083 theory, eventually leading to Lebesgue integration and probability.
8085 * Extended Multivariate Analysis to include derivation and Brouwer's
8088 * Reorganization of number theory, INCOMPATIBILITY:
8089 - new number theory development for nat and int, in theories Divides
8090 and GCD as well as in new session Number_Theory
8091 - some constants and facts now suffixed with _nat and _int
8093 - former session NumberTheory now named Old_Number_Theory, including
8094 theories Legacy_GCD and Primes (prefer Number_Theory if possible)
8095 - moved theory Pocklington from src/HOL/Library to
8096 src/HOL/Old_Number_Theory
8098 * Theory GCD includes functions Gcd/GCD and Lcm/LCM for the gcd and
8099 lcm of finite and infinite sets. It is shown that they form a complete
8102 * Class semiring_div requires superclass no_zero_divisors and proof of
8103 div_mult_mult1; theorems div_mult_mult1, div_mult_mult2,
8104 div_mult_mult1_if, div_mult_mult1 and div_mult_mult2 have been
8105 generalized to class semiring_div, subsuming former theorems
8106 zdiv_zmult_zmult1, zdiv_zmult_zmult1_if, zdiv_zmult_zmult1 and
8107 zdiv_zmult_zmult2. div_mult_mult1 is now [simp] by default.
8110 * Refinements to lattice classes and sets:
8111 - less default intro/elim rules in locale variant, more default
8112 intro/elim rules in class variant: more uniformity
8113 - lemma ge_sup_conv renamed to le_sup_iff, in accordance with
8115 - dropped lemma alias inf_ACI for inf_aci (same for sup_ACI and
8117 - renamed ACI to inf_sup_aci
8118 - new class "boolean_algebra"
8119 - class "complete_lattice" moved to separate theory
8120 "Complete_Lattice"; corresponding constants (and abbreviations)
8121 renamed and with authentic syntax:
8122 Set.Inf ~> Complete_Lattice.Inf
8123 Set.Sup ~> Complete_Lattice.Sup
8124 Set.INFI ~> Complete_Lattice.INFI
8125 Set.SUPR ~> Complete_Lattice.SUPR
8126 Set.Inter ~> Complete_Lattice.Inter
8127 Set.Union ~> Complete_Lattice.Union
8128 Set.INTER ~> Complete_Lattice.INTER
8129 Set.UNION ~> Complete_Lattice.UNION
8130 - authentic syntax for
8133 - mere abbreviations:
8136 Set.inter (for inf, formerly Set.Int)
8137 Set.union (for sup, formerly Set.Un)
8138 Complete_Lattice.Inter (for Inf)
8139 Complete_Lattice.Union (for Sup)
8140 Complete_Lattice.INTER (for INFI)
8141 Complete_Lattice.UNION (for SUPR)
8142 - object-logic definitions as far as appropriate
8144 INCOMPATIBILITY. Care is required when theorems Int_subset_iff or
8145 Un_subset_iff are explicitly deleted as default simp rules; then also
8146 their lattice counterparts le_inf_iff and le_sup_iff have to be
8147 deleted to achieve the desired effect.
8149 * Rules inf_absorb1, inf_absorb2, sup_absorb1, sup_absorb2 are no simp
8150 rules by default any longer; the same applies to min_max.inf_absorb1
8151 etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8153 * Rules sup_Int_eq and sup_Un_eq are no longer declared as
8154 pred_set_conv by default. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8156 * Power operations on relations and functions are now one dedicated
8157 constant "compow" with infix syntax "^^". Power operation on
8158 multiplicative monoids retains syntax "^" and is now defined generic
8159 in class power. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8161 * Relation composition "R O S" now has a more standard argument order:
8162 "R O S = {(x, z). EX y. (x, y) : R & (y, z) : S}". INCOMPATIBILITY,
8163 rewrite propositions with "S O R" --> "R O S". Proofs may occasionally
8164 break, since the O_assoc rule was not rewritten like this. Fix using
8165 O_assoc[symmetric]. The same applies to the curried version "R OO S".
8167 * Function "Inv" is renamed to "inv_into" and function "inv" is now an
8168 abbreviation for "inv_into UNIV". Lemmas are renamed accordingly.
8171 * Most rules produced by inductive and datatype package have mandatory
8172 prefixes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8174 * Changed "DERIV_intros" to a dynamic fact, which can be augmented by
8175 the attribute of the same name. Each of the theorems in the list
8176 DERIV_intros assumes composition with an additional function and
8177 matches a variable to the derivative, which has to be solved by the
8178 Simplifier. Hence (auto intro!: DERIV_intros) computes the derivative
8179 of most elementary terms. Former Maclauren.DERIV_tac and
8180 Maclauren.deriv_tac should be replaced by (auto intro!: DERIV_intros).
8183 * Code generator attributes follow the usual underscore convention:
8184 code_unfold replaces code unfold
8185 code_post replaces code post
8190 sizechange -> size_change
8191 induct_scheme -> induction_schema
8194 * Discontinued abbreviation "arbitrary" of constant "undefined".
8195 INCOMPATIBILITY, use "undefined" directly.
8198 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
8199 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1_left -> Suc_eq_plus1_left
8200 Suc_plus1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
8201 *anti_sym -> *antisym*
8202 vector_less_eq_def -> vector_le_def
8205 * Added theorem List.map_map as [simp]. Removed List.map_compose.
8208 * Removed predicate "M hassize n" (<--> card M = n & finite M).
8214 * Theory Representable defines a class "rep" of domains that are
8215 representable (via an ep-pair) in the universal domain type "udom".
8216 Instances are provided for all type constructors defined in HOLCF.
8218 * The 'new_domain' command is a purely definitional version of the
8219 domain package, for representable domains. Syntax is identical to the
8220 old domain package. The 'new_domain' package also supports indirect
8221 recursion using previously-defined type constructors. See
8222 src/HOLCF/ex/New_Domain.thy for examples.
8224 * Method "fixrec_simp" unfolds one step of a fixrec-defined constant
8225 on the left-hand side of an equation, and then performs
8226 simplification. Rewriting is done using rules declared with the
8227 "fixrec_simp" attribute. The "fixrec_simp" method is intended as a
8228 replacement for "fixpat"; see src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples.
8230 * The pattern-match compiler in 'fixrec' can now handle constructors
8231 with HOL function types. Pattern-match combinators for the Pair
8232 constructor are pre-configured.
8234 * The 'fixrec' package now produces better fixed-point induction rules
8235 for mutually-recursive definitions: Induction rules have conclusions
8236 of the form "P foo bar" instead of "P <foo, bar>".
8238 * The constant "sq_le" (with infix syntax "<<" or "\<sqsubseteq>") has
8239 been renamed to "below". The name "below" now replaces "less" in many
8240 theorem names. (Legacy theorem names using "less" are still supported
8243 * The 'fixrec' package now supports "bottom patterns". Bottom
8244 patterns can be used to generate strictness rules, or to make
8245 functions more strict (much like the bang-patterns supported by the
8246 Glasgow Haskell Compiler). See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
8252 * Support for Poly/ML 5.3.0, with improved reporting of compiler
8253 errors and run-time exceptions, including detailed source positions.
8255 * Structure Name_Space (formerly NameSpace) now manages uniquely
8256 identified entries, with some additional information such as source
8257 position, logical grouping etc.
8259 * Theory and context data is now introduced by the simplified and
8260 modernized functors Theory_Data, Proof_Data, Generic_Data. Data needs
8261 to be pure, but the old TheoryDataFun for mutable data (with explicit
8262 copy operation) is still available for some time.
8264 * Structure Synchronized (cf. src/Pure/Concurrent/synchronized.ML)
8265 provides a high-level programming interface to synchronized state
8266 variables with atomic update. This works via pure function
8267 application within a critical section -- its runtime should be as
8268 short as possible; beware of deadlocks if critical code is nested,
8269 either directly or indirectly via other synchronized variables!
8271 * Structure Unsynchronized (cf. src/Pure/ML-Systems/unsynchronized.ML)
8272 wraps raw ML references, explicitly indicating their non-thread-safe
8273 behaviour. The Isar toplevel keeps this structure open, to
8274 accommodate Proof General as well as quick and dirty interactive
8275 experiments with references.
8277 * PARALLEL_CHOICE and PARALLEL_GOALS provide basic support for
8278 parallel tactical reasoning.
8280 * Tacticals Subgoal.FOCUS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PREMS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PARAMS
8281 are similar to SUBPROOF, but are slightly more flexible: only the
8282 specified parts of the subgoal are imported into the context, and the
8283 body tactic may introduce new subgoals and schematic variables.
8285 * Old tactical METAHYPS, which does not observe the proof context, has
8286 been renamed to Old_Goals.METAHYPS and awaits deletion. Use SUBPROOF
8287 or Subgoal.FOCUS etc.
8289 * Renamed functor TableFun to Table, and GraphFun to Graph. (Since
8290 functors have their own ML name space there is no point to mark them
8291 separately.) Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
8293 * Renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8295 * Renamed several structures FooBar to Foo_Bar. Occasional,
8298 * Operations of structure Skip_Proof no longer require quick_and_dirty
8299 mode, which avoids critical setmp.
8301 * Eliminated old Attrib.add_attributes, Method.add_methods and related
8302 combinators for "args". INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use simplified
8303 Attrib/Method.setup introduced in Isabelle2009.
8305 * Proper context for simpset_of, claset_of, clasimpset_of. May fall
8306 back on global_simpset_of, global_claset_of, global_clasimpset_of as
8307 last resort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8309 * Display.pretty_thm now requires a proper context (cf. former
8310 ProofContext.pretty_thm). May fall back on Display.pretty_thm_global
8311 or even Display.pretty_thm_without_context as last resort.
8314 * Discontinued Display.pretty_ctyp/cterm etc. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
8315 Syntax.pretty_typ/term directly, preferably with proper context
8316 instead of global theory.
8321 * Further fine tuning of parallel proof checking, scales up to 8 cores
8322 (max. speedup factor 5.0). See also Goal.parallel_proofs in ML and
8325 * Support for additional "Isabelle components" via etc/components, see
8326 also the system manual.
8328 * The isabelle makeall tool now operates on all components with
8329 IsaMakefile, not just hardwired "logics".
8331 * Removed "compress" option from isabelle-process and isabelle usedir;
8332 this is always enabled.
8334 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 4.x versions.
8336 * Isabelle tool "wwwfind" provides web interface for 'find_theorems'
8337 on a given logic image. This requires the lighttpd webserver and is
8338 currently supported on Linux only.
8342 New in Isabelle2009 (April 2009)
8343 --------------------------------
8347 * Simplified main Isabelle executables, with less surprises on
8348 case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
8350 - The main Isabelle tool wrapper is now called "isabelle" instead of
8353 - The former "isabelle" alias for "isabelle-process" has been
8354 removed (should rarely occur to regular users).
8356 - The former "isabelle-interface" and its alias "Isabelle" have been
8357 removed (interfaces are now regular Isabelle tools).
8359 Within scripts and make files, the Isabelle environment variables
8360 ISABELLE_TOOL and ISABELLE_PROCESS replace old ISATOOL and ISABELLE,
8361 respectively. (The latter are still available as legacy feature.)
8363 The old isabelle-interface wrapper could react in confusing ways if
8364 the interface was uninstalled or changed otherwise. Individual
8365 interface tool configuration is now more explicit, see also the
8366 Isabelle system manual. In particular, Proof General is now available
8367 via "isabelle emacs".
8369 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt derivative scripts. Users may need to
8370 purge installed copies of Isabelle executables and re-run "isabelle
8371 install -p ...", or use symlinks.
8373 * The default for ISABELLE_HOME_USER is now ~/.isabelle instead of the
8374 old ~/isabelle, which was slightly non-standard and apt to cause
8375 surprises on case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
8377 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to move existing ~/isabelle/etc,
8378 ~/isabelle/heaps, ~/isabelle/browser_info to the new place. Special
8379 care is required when using older releases of Isabelle. Note that
8380 ISABELLE_HOME_USER can be changed in Isabelle/etc/settings of any
8381 Isabelle distribution, in order to use the new ~/.isabelle uniformly.
8383 * Proofs of fully specified statements are run in parallel on
8384 multi-core systems. A speedup factor of 2.5 to 3.2 can be expected on
8385 a regular 4-core machine, if the initial heap space is made reasonably
8386 large (cf. Poly/ML option -H). (Requires Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
8388 * The main reference manuals ("isar-ref", "implementation", and
8389 "system") have been updated and extended. Formally checked references
8390 as hyperlinks are now available uniformly.
8395 * Complete re-implementation of locales. INCOMPATIBILITY in several
8396 respects. The most important changes are listed below. See the
8397 Tutorial on Locales ("locales" manual) for details.
8399 - In locale expressions, instantiation replaces renaming. Parameters
8400 must be declared in a for clause. To aid compatibility with previous
8401 parameter inheritance, in locale declarations, parameters that are not
8402 'touched' (instantiation position "_" or omitted) are implicitly added
8403 with their syntax at the beginning of the for clause.
8405 - Syntax from abbreviations and definitions in locales is available in
8406 locale expressions and context elements. The latter is particularly
8407 useful in locale declarations.
8409 - More flexible mechanisms to qualify names generated by locale
8410 expressions. Qualifiers (prefixes) may be specified in locale
8411 expressions, and can be marked as mandatory (syntax: "name!:") or
8412 optional (syntax "name?:"). The default depends for plain "name:"
8413 depends on the situation where a locale expression is used: in
8414 commands 'locale' and 'sublocale' prefixes are optional, in
8415 'interpretation' and 'interpret' prefixes are mandatory. The old
8416 implicit qualifiers derived from the parameter names of a locale are
8417 no longer generated.
8419 - Command "sublocale l < e" replaces "interpretation l < e". The
8420 instantiation clause in "interpretation" and "interpret" (square
8421 brackets) is no longer available. Use locale expressions.
8423 - When converting proof scripts, mandatory qualifiers in
8424 'interpretation' and 'interpret' should be retained by default, even
8425 if this is an INCOMPATIBILITY compared to former behavior. In the
8426 worst case, use the "name?:" form for non-mandatory ones. Qualifiers
8427 in locale expressions range over a single locale instance only.
8429 - Dropped locale element "includes". This is a major INCOMPATIBILITY.
8430 In existing theorem specifications replace the includes element by the
8431 respective context elements of the included locale, omitting those
8432 that are already present in the theorem specification. Multiple
8433 assume elements of a locale should be replaced by a single one
8434 involving the locale predicate. In the proof body, declarations (most
8435 notably theorems) may be regained by interpreting the respective
8436 locales in the proof context as required (command "interpret").
8438 If using "includes" in replacement of a target solely because the
8439 parameter types in the theorem are not as general as in the target,
8440 consider declaring a new locale with additional type constraints on
8441 the parameters (context element "constrains").
8443 - Discontinued "locale (open)". INCOMPATIBILITY.
8445 - Locale interpretation commands no longer attempt to simplify goal.
8446 INCOMPATIBILITY: in rare situations the generated goal differs. Use
8447 methods intro_locales and unfold_locales to clarify.
8449 - Locale interpretation commands no longer accept interpretation
8450 attributes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8452 * Class declaration: so-called "base sort" must not be given in import
8453 list any longer, but is inferred from the specification. Particularly
8460 class foo = type + ...
8462 * Class target: global versions of theorems stemming do not carry a
8463 parameter prefix any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8465 * Class 'instance' command no longer accepts attached definitions.
8466 INCOMPATIBILITY, use proper 'instantiation' target instead.
8468 * Recovered hiding of consts, which was accidentally broken in
8469 Isabelle2007. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, ``hide const c'' really
8470 makes c inaccessible; consider using ``hide (open) const c'' instead.
8472 * Slightly more coherent Pure syntax, with updated documentation in
8473 isar-ref manual. Removed locales meta_term_syntax and
8474 meta_conjunction_syntax: TERM and &&& (formerly &&) are now permanent,
8475 INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations. Note that &&& should not be used
8476 directly in regular applications.
8478 * There is a new syntactic category "float_const" for signed decimal
8479 fractions (e.g. 123.45 or -123.45).
8481 * Removed exotic 'token_translation' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML
8482 interface with 'setup' command instead.
8484 * Command 'local_setup' is similar to 'setup', but operates on a local
8487 * The 'axiomatization' command now only works within a global theory
8488 context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8490 * Goal-directed proof now enforces strict proof irrelevance wrt. sort
8491 hypotheses. Sorts required in the course of reasoning need to be
8492 covered by the constraints in the initial statement, completed by the
8493 type instance information of the background theory. Non-trivial sort
8494 hypotheses, which rarely occur in practice, may be specified via
8495 vacuous propositions of the form SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::c). For example:
8497 lemma assumes "SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::empty)" shows False ...
8499 The result contains an implicit sort hypotheses as before --
8500 SORT_CONSTRAINT premises are eliminated as part of the canonical rule
8503 * Generalized Isar history, with support for linear undo, direct state
8506 * Changed defaults for unify configuration options:
8508 unify_trace_bound = 50 (formerly 25)
8509 unify_search_bound = 60 (formerly 30)
8511 * Different bookkeeping for code equations (INCOMPATIBILITY):
8513 a) On theory merge, the last set of code equations for a particular
8514 constant is taken (in accordance with the policy applied by other
8515 parts of the code generator framework).
8517 b) Code equations stemming from explicit declarations (e.g. code
8518 attribute) gain priority over default code equations stemming
8519 from definition, primrec, fun etc.
8521 * Keyword 'code_exception' now named 'code_abort'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8523 * Unified theorem tables for both code generators. Thus [code
8524 func] has disappeared and only [code] remains. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8526 * Command 'find_consts' searches for constants based on type and name
8529 find_consts "_ => bool"
8531 By default, matching is against subtypes, but it may be restricted to
8532 the whole type. Searching by name is possible. Multiple queries are
8533 conjunctive and queries may be negated by prefixing them with a
8536 find_consts strict: "_ => bool" name: "Int" -"int => int"
8538 * New 'find_theorems' criterion "solves" matches theorems that
8539 directly solve the current goal (modulo higher-order unification).
8541 * Auto solve feature for main theorem statements: whenever a new goal
8542 is stated, "find_theorems solves" is called; any theorems that could
8543 solve the lemma directly are listed as part of the goal state.
8544 Cf. associated options in Proof General Isabelle settings menu,
8545 enabled by default, with reasonable timeout for pathological cases of
8546 higher-order unification.
8549 *** Document preparation ***
8551 * Antiquotation @{lemma} now imitates a regular terminal proof,
8552 demanding keyword 'by' and supporting the full method expression
8553 syntax just like the Isar command 'by'.
8558 * Integrated main parts of former image HOL-Complex with HOL. Entry
8559 points Main and Complex_Main remain as before.
8561 * Logic image HOL-Plain provides a minimal HOL with the most important
8562 tools available (inductive, datatype, primrec, ...). This facilitates
8563 experimentation and tool development. Note that user applications
8564 (and library theories) should never refer to anything below theory
8567 * Logic image HOL-Main stops at theory Main, and thus facilitates
8568 experimentation due to shorter build times.
8570 * Logic image HOL-NSA contains theories of nonstandard analysis which
8571 were previously part of former HOL-Complex. Entry point Hyperreal
8572 remains valid, but theories formerly using Complex_Main should now use
8573 new entry point Hypercomplex.
8575 * Generic ATP manager for Sledgehammer, based on ML threads instead of
8576 Posix processes. Avoids potentially expensive forking of the ML
8577 process. New thread-based implementation also works on non-Unix
8578 platforms (Cygwin). Provers are no longer hardwired, but defined
8579 within the theory via plain ML wrapper functions. Basic Sledgehammer
8580 commands are covered in the isar-ref manual.
8582 * Wrapper scripts for remote SystemOnTPTP service allows to use
8583 sledgehammer without local ATP installation (Vampire etc.). Other
8584 provers may be included via suitable ML wrappers, see also
8585 src/HOL/ATP_Linkup.thy.
8587 * ATP selection (E/Vampire/Spass) is now via Proof General's settings
8590 * The metis method no longer fails because the theorem is too trivial
8591 (contains the empty clause).
8593 * The metis method now fails in the usual manner, rather than raising
8594 an exception, if it determines that it cannot prove the theorem.
8596 * Method "coherent" implements a prover for coherent logic (see also
8597 src/Tools/coherent.ML).
8599 * Constants "undefined" and "default" replace "arbitrary". Usually
8600 "undefined" is the right choice to replace "arbitrary", though
8601 logically there is no difference. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8603 * Command "value" now integrates different evaluation mechanisms. The
8604 result of the first successful evaluation mechanism is printed. In
8605 square brackets a particular named evaluation mechanisms may be
8606 specified (currently, [SML], [code] or [nbe]). See further
8607 src/HOL/ex/Eval_Examples.thy.
8609 * Normalization by evaluation now allows non-leftlinear equations.
8610 Declare with attribute [code nbe].
8612 * Methods "case_tac" and "induct_tac" now refer to the very same rules
8613 as the structured Isar versions "cases" and "induct", cf. the
8614 corresponding "cases" and "induct" attributes. Mutual induction rules
8615 are now presented as a list of individual projections
8616 (e.g. foo_bar.inducts for types foo and bar); the old format with
8617 explicit HOL conjunction is no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, in
8618 rare situations a different rule is selected --- notably nested tuple
8619 elimination instead of former prod.exhaust: use explicit (case_tac t
8620 rule: prod.exhaust) here.
8622 * Attributes "cases", "induct", "coinduct" support "del" option.
8624 * Removed fact "case_split_thm", which duplicates "case_split".
8626 * The option datatype has been moved to a new theory Option. Renamed
8627 option_map to Option.map, and o2s to Option.set, INCOMPATIBILITY.
8629 * New predicate "strict_mono" classifies strict functions on partial
8630 orders. With strict functions on linear orders, reasoning about
8631 (in)equalities is facilitated by theorems "strict_mono_eq",
8632 "strict_mono_less_eq" and "strict_mono_less".
8634 * Some set operations are now proper qualified constants with
8635 authentic syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY:
8646 * Class complete_lattice with operations Inf, Sup, INFI, SUPR now in
8649 * Auxiliary class "itself" has disappeared -- classes without any
8650 parameter are treated as expected by the 'class' command.
8652 * Leibnitz's Series for Pi and the arcus tangens and logarithm series.
8654 * Common decision procedures (Cooper, MIR, Ferrack, Approximation,
8655 Dense_Linear_Order) are now in directory HOL/Decision_Procs.
8657 * Theory src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Approximation provides the new proof
8658 method "approximation". It proves formulas on real values by using
8659 interval arithmetic. In the formulas are also the transcendental
8660 functions sin, cos, tan, atan, ln, exp and the constant pi are
8661 allowed. For examples see
8662 src/HOL/Descision_Procs/ex/Approximation_Ex.thy.
8664 * Theory "Reflection" now resides in HOL/Library.
8666 * Entry point to Word library now simply named "Word".
8669 * Made source layout more coherent with logical distribution
8672 src/HOL/Library/RType.thy ~> src/HOL/Typerep.thy
8673 src/HOL/Library/Code_Message.thy ~> src/HOL/
8674 src/HOL/Library/GCD.thy ~> src/HOL/
8675 src/HOL/Library/Order_Relation.thy ~> src/HOL/
8676 src/HOL/Library/Parity.thy ~> src/HOL/
8677 src/HOL/Library/Univ_Poly.thy ~> src/HOL/
8678 src/HOL/Real/ContNotDenum.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
8679 src/HOL/Real/Lubs.thy ~> src/HOL/
8680 src/HOL/Real/PReal.thy ~> src/HOL/
8681 src/HOL/Real/Rational.thy ~> src/HOL/
8682 src/HOL/Real/RComplete.thy ~> src/HOL/
8683 src/HOL/Real/RealDef.thy ~> src/HOL/
8684 src/HOL/Real/RealPow.thy ~> src/HOL/
8685 src/HOL/Real/Real.thy ~> src/HOL/
8686 src/HOL/Complex/Complex_Main.thy ~> src/HOL/
8687 src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy ~> src/HOL/
8688 src/HOL/Complex/FrechetDeriv.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
8689 src/HOL/Complex/Fundamental_Theorem_Algebra.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
8690 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Deriv.thy ~> src/HOL/
8691 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Fact.thy ~> src/HOL/
8692 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Integration.thy ~> src/HOL/
8693 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Lim.thy ~> src/HOL/
8694 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Ln.thy ~> src/HOL/
8695 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Log.thy ~> src/HOL/
8696 src/HOL/Hyperreal/MacLaurin.thy ~> src/HOL/
8697 src/HOL/Hyperreal/NthRoot.thy ~> src/HOL/
8698 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Series.thy ~> src/HOL/
8699 src/HOL/Hyperreal/SEQ.thy ~> src/HOL/
8700 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Taylor.thy ~> src/HOL/
8701 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Transcendental.thy ~> src/HOL/
8702 src/HOL/Real/Float ~> src/HOL/Library/
8703 src/HOL/Real/HahnBanach ~> src/HOL/HahnBanach
8704 src/HOL/Real/RealVector.thy ~> src/HOL/
8706 src/HOL/arith_data.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8707 src/HOL/hologic.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8708 src/HOL/simpdata.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8709 src/HOL/int_arith1.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools/int_arith.ML
8710 src/HOL/int_factor_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8711 src/HOL/nat_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8712 src/HOL/Real/float_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8713 src/HOL/Real/float_syntax.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8714 src/HOL/Real/rat_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8715 src/HOL/Real/real_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
8717 src/HOL/Library/Array.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
8718 src/HOL/Library/Heap_Monad.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
8719 src/HOL/Library/Heap.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
8720 src/HOL/Library/Imperative_HOL.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
8721 src/HOL/Library/Ref.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
8722 src/HOL/Library/Relational.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
8724 * If methods "eval" and "evaluation" encounter a structured proof
8725 state with !!/==>, only the conclusion is evaluated to True (if
8726 possible), avoiding strange error messages.
8728 * Method "sizechange" automates termination proofs using (a
8729 modification of) the size-change principle. Requires SAT solver. See
8730 src/HOL/ex/Termination.thy for examples.
8732 * Simplifier: simproc for let expressions now unfolds if bound
8733 variable occurs at most once in let expression body. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8735 * Method "arith": Linear arithmetic now ignores all inequalities when
8736 fast_arith_neq_limit is exceeded, instead of giving up entirely.
8738 * New attribute "arith" for facts that should always be used
8739 automatically by arithmetic. It is intended to be used locally in
8742 assumes [arith]: "x > 0"
8744 Global usage is discouraged because of possible performance impact.
8746 * New classes "top" and "bot" with corresponding operations "top" and
8747 "bot" in theory Orderings; instantiation of class "complete_lattice"
8748 requires instantiation of classes "top" and "bot". INCOMPATIBILITY.
8750 * Changed definition lemma "less_fun_def" in order to provide an
8751 instance for preorders on functions; use lemma "less_le" instead.
8754 * Theory Orderings: class "wellorder" moved here, with explicit
8755 induction rule "less_induct" as assumption. For instantiation of
8756 "wellorder" by means of predicate "wf", use rule wf_wellorderI.
8759 * Theory Orderings: added class "preorder" as superclass of "order".
8760 INCOMPATIBILITY: Instantiation proofs for order, linorder
8761 etc. slightly changed. Some theorems named order_class.* now named
8764 * Theory Relation: renamed "refl" to "refl_on", "reflexive" to "refl,
8767 * Theory Finite_Set: added a new fold combinator of type
8769 ('a => 'b => 'b) => 'b => 'a set => 'b
8771 Occasionally this is more convenient than the old fold combinator
8772 which is now defined in terms of the new one and renamed to
8775 * Theories Ring_and_Field and OrderedGroup: The lemmas "group_simps"
8776 and "ring_simps" have been replaced by "algebra_simps" (which can be
8777 extended with further lemmas!). At the moment both still exist but
8778 the former will disappear at some point.
8780 * Theory Power: Lemma power_Suc is now declared as a simp rule in
8781 class recpower. Type-specific simp rules for various recpower types
8782 have been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY, rename old lemmas as follows:
8784 rat_power_0 -> power_0
8785 rat_power_Suc -> power_Suc
8786 realpow_0 -> power_0
8787 realpow_Suc -> power_Suc
8788 complexpow_0 -> power_0
8789 complexpow_Suc -> power_Suc
8790 power_poly_0 -> power_0
8791 power_poly_Suc -> power_Suc
8793 * Theories Ring_and_Field and Divides: Definition of "op dvd" has been
8794 moved to separate class dvd in Ring_and_Field; a couple of lemmas on
8795 dvd has been generalized to class comm_semiring_1. Likewise a bunch
8796 of lemmas from Divides has been generalized from nat to class
8797 semiring_div. INCOMPATIBILITY. This involves the following theorem
8798 renames resulting from duplicate elimination:
8800 dvd_def_mod ~> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0
8801 zero_dvd_iff ~> dvd_0_left_iff
8802 dvd_0 ~> dvd_0_right
8803 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_DIV ~> div_by_0
8804 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_MOD ~> mod_by_0
8805 mult_div ~> div_mult_self2_is_id
8806 mult_mod ~> mod_mult_self2_is_0
8808 * Theory IntDiv: removed many lemmas that are instances of class-based
8809 generalizations (from Divides and Ring_and_Field). INCOMPATIBILITY,
8810 rename old lemmas as follows:
8812 dvd_diff -> nat_dvd_diff
8813 dvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
8814 mod_add1_eq -> mod_add_eq
8815 mod_mult1_eq -> mod_mult_right_eq
8816 mod_mult1_eq' -> mod_mult_left_eq
8817 mod_mult_distrib_mod -> mod_mult_eq
8818 nat_mod_add_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
8819 nat_mod_add_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
8820 nat_mod_div_trivial -> mod_div_trivial
8821 nat_mod_mod_trivial -> mod_mod_trivial
8822 zdiv_zadd_self1 -> div_add_self1
8823 zdiv_zadd_self2 -> div_add_self2
8824 zdiv_zmult_self1 -> div_mult_self2_is_id
8825 zdiv_zmult_self2 -> div_mult_self1_is_id
8826 zdvd_triv_left -> dvd_triv_left
8827 zdvd_triv_right -> dvd_triv_right
8828 zdvd_zmult_cancel_disj -> dvd_mult_cancel_left
8829 zmod_eq0_zdvd_iff -> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0[symmetric]
8830 zmod_zadd_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
8831 zmod_zadd_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
8832 zmod_zadd_self1 -> mod_add_self1
8833 zmod_zadd_self2 -> mod_add_self2
8834 zmod_zadd1_eq -> mod_add_eq
8835 zmod_zdiff1_eq -> mod_diff_eq
8836 zmod_zdvd_zmod -> mod_mod_cancel
8837 zmod_zmod_cancel -> mod_mod_cancel
8838 zmod_zmult_self1 -> mod_mult_self2_is_0
8839 zmod_zmult_self2 -> mod_mult_self1_is_0
8842 zdvd_abs1 -> abs_dvd_iff
8843 zdvd_abs2 -> dvd_abs_iff
8844 zdvd_refl -> dvd_refl
8845 zdvd_trans -> dvd_trans
8846 zdvd_zadd -> dvd_add
8847 zdvd_zdiff -> dvd_diff
8848 zdvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
8849 zdvd_zminus2_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
8850 zdvd_zmultD -> dvd_mult_right
8851 zdvd_zmultD2 -> dvd_mult_left
8852 zdvd_zmult_mono -> mult_dvd_mono
8853 zdvd_0_right -> dvd_0_right
8854 zdvd_0_left -> dvd_0_left_iff
8855 zdvd_1_left -> one_dvd
8856 zminus_dvd_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
8858 * Theory Rational: 'Fract k 0' now equals '0'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8860 * The real numbers offer decimal input syntax: 12.34 is translated
8861 into 1234/10^2. This translation is not reversed upon output.
8863 * Theory Library/Polynomial defines an abstract type 'a poly of
8864 univariate polynomials with coefficients of type 'a. In addition to
8865 the standard ring operations, it also supports div and mod. Code
8866 generation is also supported, using list-style constructors.
8868 * Theory Library/Inner_Product defines a class of real_inner for real
8869 inner product spaces, with an overloaded operation inner :: 'a => 'a
8870 => real. Class real_inner is a subclass of real_normed_vector from
8873 * Theory Library/Product_Vector provides instances for the product
8874 type 'a * 'b of several classes from RealVector and Inner_Product.
8875 Definitions of addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, norms,
8876 and inner products are included.
8878 * Theory Library/Bit defines the field "bit" of integers modulo 2. In
8879 addition to the field operations, numerals and case syntax are also
8882 * Theory Library/Diagonalize provides constructive version of Cantor's
8883 first diagonalization argument.
8885 * Theory Library/GCD: Curried operations gcd, lcm (for nat) and zgcd,
8886 zlcm (for int); carried together from various gcd/lcm developements in
8887 the HOL Distribution. Constants zgcd and zlcm replace former igcd and
8888 ilcm; corresponding theorems renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY,
8889 may recover tupled syntax as follows:
8891 hide (open) const gcd
8892 abbreviation gcd where
8893 "gcd == (%(a, b). GCD.gcd a b)"
8895 GCD.gcd ("gcd '(_, _')")
8897 The same works for lcm, zgcd, zlcm.
8899 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity: added addition, numeral syntax and more
8900 instantiations for algebraic structures. Removed some duplicate
8901 theorems. Changes in simp rules. INCOMPATIBILITY.
8903 * ML antiquotation @{code} takes a constant as argument and generates
8904 corresponding code in background and inserts name of the corresponding
8905 resulting ML value/function/datatype constructor binding in place.
8906 All occurrences of @{code} with a single ML block are generated
8907 simultaneously. Provides a generic and safe interface for
8908 instrumentalizing code generation. See
8909 src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Ferrack.thy for a more ambitious application.
8910 In future you ought to refrain from ad-hoc compiling generated SML
8911 code on the ML toplevel. Note that (for technical reasons) @{code}
8912 cannot refer to constants for which user-defined serializations are
8913 set. Refer to the corresponding ML counterpart directly in that
8916 * Command 'rep_datatype': instead of theorem names the command now
8917 takes a list of terms denoting the constructors of the type to be
8918 represented as datatype. The characteristic theorems have to be
8919 proven. INCOMPATIBILITY. Also observe that the following theorems
8920 have disappeared in favour of existing ones:
8922 unit_induct ~> unit.induct
8923 prod_induct ~> prod.induct
8924 sum_induct ~> sum.induct
8925 Suc_Suc_eq ~> nat.inject
8926 Suc_not_Zero Zero_not_Suc ~> nat.distinct
8931 * New locales for orders and lattices where the equivalence relation
8932 is not restricted to equality. INCOMPATIBILITY: all order and lattice
8933 locales use a record structure with field eq for the equivalence.
8935 * New theory of factorial domains.
8937 * Units_l_inv and Units_r_inv are now simp rules by default.
8938 INCOMPATIBILITY. Simplifier proof that require deletion of l_inv
8939 and/or r_inv will now also require deletion of these lemmas.
8941 * Renamed the following theorems, INCOMPATIBILITY:
8943 UpperD ~> Upper_memD
8944 LowerD ~> Lower_memD
8945 least_carrier ~> least_closed
8946 greatest_carrier ~> greatest_closed
8947 greatest_Lower_above ~> greatest_Lower_below
8948 one_zero ~> carrier_one_zero
8949 one_not_zero ~> carrier_one_not_zero (collision with assumption)
8954 * Nominal datatypes can now contain type-variables.
8956 * Commands 'nominal_inductive' and 'equivariance' work with local
8959 * Nominal primrec can now works with local theory targets and its
8960 specification syntax now conforms to the general format as seen in
8963 * Method "perm_simp" honours the standard simplifier attributes
8964 (no_asm), (no_asm_use) etc.
8966 * The new predicate #* is defined like freshness, except that on the
8967 left hand side can be a set or list of atoms.
8969 * Experimental command 'nominal_inductive2' derives strong induction
8970 principles for inductive definitions. In contrast to
8971 'nominal_inductive', which can only deal with a fixed number of
8972 binders, it can deal with arbitrary expressions standing for sets of
8973 atoms to be avoided. The only inductive definition we have at the
8974 moment that needs this generalisation is the typing rule for Lets in
8977 Gamma |- t1 : T1 (x,close Gamma T1)::Gamma |- t2 : T2 x#Gamma
8978 -----------------------------------------------------------------
8979 Gamma |- Let x be t1 in t2 : T2
8981 In this rule one wants to avoid all the binders that are introduced by
8982 "close Gamma T1". We are looking for other examples where this
8983 feature might be useful. Please let us know.
8988 * Reimplemented the simplification procedure for proving continuity
8989 subgoals. The new simproc is extensible; users can declare additional
8990 continuity introduction rules with the attribute [cont2cont].
8992 * The continuity simproc now uses a different introduction rule for
8993 solving continuity subgoals on terms with lambda abstractions. In
8994 some rare cases the new simproc may fail to solve subgoals that the
8995 old one could solve, and "simp add: cont2cont_LAM" may be necessary.
8996 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
8998 * Command 'fixrec': specification syntax now conforms to the general
8999 format as seen in 'inductive' etc. See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
9000 examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9005 * Proof of Zorn's Lemma for partial orders.
9010 * Multithreading for Poly/ML 5.1/5.2 is no longer supported, only for
9011 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later. Important note: the TimeLimit facility
9012 depends on multithreading, so timouts will not work before Poly/ML
9015 * High-level support for concurrent ML programming, see
9016 src/Pure/Cuncurrent. The data-oriented model of "future values" is
9017 particularly convenient to organize independent functional
9018 computations. The concept of "synchronized variables" provides a
9019 higher-order interface for components with shared state, avoiding the
9020 delicate details of mutexes and condition variables. (Requires
9021 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
9023 * ML bindings produced via Isar commands are stored within the Isar
9024 context (theory or proof). Consequently, commands like 'use' and 'ML'
9025 become thread-safe and work with undo as expected (concerning
9026 top-level bindings, not side-effects on global references).
9027 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to provide proper Isar context when invoking the
9028 compiler at runtime; really global bindings need to be given outside a
9029 theory. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
9031 * Command 'ML_prf' is analogous to 'ML' but works within a proof
9032 context. Top-level ML bindings are stored within the proof context in
9033 a purely sequential fashion, disregarding the nested proof structure.
9034 ML bindings introduced by 'ML_prf' are discarded at the end of the
9035 proof. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
9037 * Simplified ML attribute and method setup, cf. functions Attrib.setup
9038 and Method.setup, as well as Isar commands 'attribute_setup' and
9039 'method_setup'. INCOMPATIBILITY for 'method_setup', need to simplify
9040 existing code accordingly, or use plain 'setup' together with old
9043 * Simplified ML oracle interface Thm.add_oracle promotes 'a -> cterm
9044 to 'a -> thm, while results are always tagged with an authentic oracle
9045 name. The Isar command 'oracle' is now polymorphic, no argument type
9046 is specified. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify existing oracle code
9047 accordingly. Note that extra performance may be gained by producing
9048 the cterm carefully, avoiding slow Thm.cterm_of.
9050 * Simplified interface for defining document antiquotations via
9051 ThyOutput.antiquotation, ThyOutput.output, and optionally
9052 ThyOutput.maybe_pretty_source. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify user
9053 antiquotations accordingly, see src/Pure/Thy/thy_output.ML for common
9056 * More systematic treatment of long names, abstract name bindings, and
9057 name space operations. Basic operations on qualified names have been
9058 move from structure NameSpace to Long_Name, e.g. Long_Name.base_name,
9059 Long_Name.append. Old type bstring has been mostly replaced by
9060 abstract type binding (see structure Binding), which supports precise
9061 qualification by packages and local theory targets, as well as proper
9062 tracking of source positions. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to wrap old
9063 bstring values into Binding.name, or better pass through abstract
9064 bindings everywhere. See further src/Pure/General/long_name.ML,
9065 src/Pure/General/binding.ML and src/Pure/General/name_space.ML
9067 * Result facts (from PureThy.note_thms, ProofContext.note_thms,
9068 LocalTheory.note etc.) now refer to the *full* internal name, not the
9069 bstring as before. INCOMPATIBILITY, not detected by ML type-checking!
9071 * Disposed old type and term read functions (Sign.read_def_typ,
9072 Sign.read_typ, Sign.read_def_terms, Sign.read_term,
9073 Thm.read_def_cterms, Thm.read_cterm etc.). INCOMPATIBILITY, should
9074 use regular Syntax.read_typ, Syntax.read_term, Syntax.read_typ_global,
9075 Syntax.read_term_global etc.; see also OldGoals.read_term as last
9076 resort for legacy applications.
9078 * Disposed old declarations, tactics, tactic combinators that refer to
9079 the simpset or claset of an implicit theory (such as Addsimps,
9080 Simp_tac, SIMPSET). INCOMPATIBILITY, should use @{simpset} etc. in
9081 embedded ML text, or local_simpset_of with a proper context passed as
9082 explicit runtime argument.
9084 * Rules and tactics that read instantiations (read_instantiate,
9085 res_inst_tac, thin_tac, subgoal_tac etc.) now demand a proper proof
9086 context, which is required for parsing and type-checking. Moreover,
9087 the variables are specified as plain indexnames, not string encodings
9088 thereof. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9090 * Generic Toplevel.add_hook interface allows to analyze the result of
9091 transactions. E.g. see src/Pure/ProofGeneral/proof_general_pgip.ML
9092 for theorem dependency output of transactions resulting in a new
9095 * ML antiquotations: block-structured compilation context indicated by
9096 \<lbrace> ... \<rbrace>; additional antiquotation forms:
9098 @{binding name} - basic name binding
9099 @{let ?pat = term} - term abbreviation (HO matching)
9100 @{note name = fact} - fact abbreviation
9101 @{thm fact} - singleton fact (with attributes)
9102 @{thms fact} - general fact (with attributes)
9103 @{lemma prop by method} - singleton goal
9104 @{lemma prop by meth1 meth2} - singleton goal
9105 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by method} - general goal
9106 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by meth1 meth2} - general goal
9107 @{lemma (open) ...} - open derivation
9112 * The Isabelle "emacs" tool provides a specific interface to invoke
9113 Proof General / Emacs, with more explicit failure if that is not
9114 installed (the old isabelle-interface script silently falls back on
9115 isabelle-process). The PROOFGENERAL_HOME setting determines the
9116 installation location of the Proof General distribution.
9118 * Isabelle/lib/classes/Pure.jar provides basic support to integrate
9119 the Isabelle process into a JVM/Scala application. See
9120 Isabelle/lib/jedit/plugin for a minimal example. (The obsolete Java
9121 process wrapper has been discontinued.)
9123 * Added homegrown Isabelle font with unicode layout, see lib/fonts.
9125 * Various status messages (with exact source position information) are
9126 emitted, if proper markup print mode is enabled. This allows
9127 user-interface components to provide detailed feedback on internal
9132 New in Isabelle2008 (June 2008)
9133 -------------------------------
9137 * The Isabelle/Isar Reference Manual (isar-ref) has been reorganized
9138 and updated, with formally checked references as hyperlinks.
9140 * Theory loader: use_thy (and similar operations) no longer set the
9141 implicit ML context, which was occasionally hard to predict and in
9142 conflict with concurrency. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML within Isar which
9143 provides a proper context already.
9145 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
9146 file are no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, regular 'uses' and
9147 'use' within a theory file will do the job.
9149 * Name space merge now observes canonical order, i.e. the second space
9150 is inserted into the first one, while existing entries in the first
9151 space take precedence. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, may try to
9152 swap theory imports.
9154 * Syntax: symbol \<chi> is now considered a letter. Potential
9155 INCOMPATIBILITY in identifier syntax etc.
9157 * Outer syntax: string tokens no longer admit escaped white space,
9158 which was an accidental (undocumented) feature. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
9159 white space without escapes.
9161 * Outer syntax: string tokens may contain arbitrary character codes
9162 specified via 3 decimal digits (as in SML). E.g. "foo\095bar" for
9168 * Context-dependent token translations. Default setup reverts locally
9169 fixed variables, and adds hilite markup for undeclared frees.
9171 * Unused theorems can be found using the new command 'unused_thms'.
9172 There are three ways of invoking it:
9175 Only finds unused theorems in the current theory.
9177 (2) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n -
9178 Finds unused theorems in the current theory and all of its ancestors,
9179 excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of their ancestors.
9181 (3) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n - thy'_1 ... thy'_m
9182 Finds unused theorems in the theories thy'_1 ... thy'_m and all of
9183 their ancestors, excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of
9186 In order to increase the readability of the list produced by
9187 unused_thms, theorems that have been created by a particular instance
9188 of a theory command such as 'inductive' or 'function' are considered
9189 to belong to the same "group", meaning that if at least one theorem in
9190 this group is used, the other theorems in the same group are no longer
9191 reported as unused. Moreover, if all theorems in the group are
9192 unused, only one theorem in the group is displayed.
9194 Note that proof objects have to be switched on in order for
9195 unused_thms to work properly (i.e. !proofs must be >= 1, which is
9196 usually the case when using Proof General with the default settings).
9198 * Authentic naming of facts disallows ad-hoc overwriting of previous
9199 theorems within the same name space. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to remove
9200 duplicate fact bindings, or even accidental fact duplications. Note
9201 that tools may maintain dynamically scoped facts systematically, using
9202 PureThy.add_thms_dynamic.
9204 * Command 'hide' now allows to hide from "fact" name space as well.
9206 * Eliminated destructive theorem database, simpset, claset, and
9207 clasimpset. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, really need to observe linear
9208 update of theories within ML code.
9210 * Eliminated theory ProtoPure and CPure, leaving just one Pure theory.
9211 INCOMPATIBILITY, object-logics depending on former Pure require
9212 additional setup PureThy.old_appl_syntax_setup; object-logics
9213 depending on former CPure need to refer to Pure.
9215 * Commands 'use' and 'ML' are now purely functional, operating on
9216 theory/local_theory. Removed former 'ML_setup' (on theory), use 'ML'
9217 instead. Added 'ML_val' as mere diagnostic replacement for 'ML'.
9220 * Command 'setup': discontinued implicit version with ML reference.
9222 * Instantiation target allows for simultaneous specification of class
9223 instance operations together with an instantiation proof.
9224 Type-checking phase allows to refer to class operations uniformly.
9225 See src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy for an Isar example and
9226 src/HOL/Library/Eval.thy for an ML example.
9228 * Indexing of literal facts: be more serious about including only
9229 facts from the visible specification/proof context, but not the
9230 background context (locale etc.). Affects `prop` notation and method
9231 "fact". INCOMPATIBILITY: need to name facts explicitly in rare
9234 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": removed obsolete/undocumented
9235 "(open)" option, which used to expose internal bound variables to the
9238 * Isar statements: removed obsolete case "rule_context".
9239 INCOMPATIBILITY, better use explicit fixes/assumes.
9241 * Locale proofs: default proof step now includes 'unfold_locales';
9242 hence 'proof' without argument may be used to unfold locale
9246 *** Document preparation ***
9248 * Simplified pdfsetup.sty: color/hyperref is used unconditionally for
9249 both pdf and dvi (hyperlinks usually work in xdvi as well); removed
9250 obsolete thumbpdf setup (contemporary PDF viewers do this on the
9251 spot); renamed link color from "darkblue" to "linkcolor" (default
9252 value unchanged, can be redefined via \definecolor); no longer sets
9253 "a4paper" option (unnecessary or even intrusive).
9255 * Antiquotation @{lemma A method} proves proposition A by the given
9256 method (either a method name or a method name plus (optional) method
9257 arguments in parentheses) and prints A just like @{prop A}.
9262 * New primrec package. Specification syntax conforms in style to
9263 definition/function/.... No separate induction rule is provided. The
9264 "primrec" command distinguishes old-style and new-style specifications
9265 by syntax. The former primrec package is now named OldPrimrecPackage.
9266 When adjusting theories, beware: constants stemming from new-style
9267 primrec specifications have authentic syntax.
9269 * Metis prover is now an order of magnitude faster, and also works
9270 with multithreading.
9272 * Metis: the maximum number of clauses that can be produced from a
9273 theorem is now given by the attribute max_clauses. Theorems that
9274 exceed this number are ignored, with a warning printed.
9276 * Sledgehammer no longer produces structured proofs by default. To
9277 enable, declare [[sledgehammer_full = true]]. Attributes
9278 reconstruction_modulus, reconstruction_sorts renamed
9279 sledgehammer_modulus, sledgehammer_sorts. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9281 * Method "induct_scheme" derives user-specified induction rules
9282 from well-founded induction and completeness of patterns. This factors
9283 out some operations that are done internally by the function package
9284 and makes them available separately. See
9285 src/HOL/ex/Induction_Scheme.thy for examples.
9287 * More flexible generation of measure functions for termination
9288 proofs: Measure functions can be declared by proving a rule of the
9289 form "is_measure f" and giving it the [measure_function] attribute.
9290 The "is_measure" predicate is logically meaningless (always true), and
9291 just guides the heuristic. To find suitable measure functions, the
9292 termination prover sets up the goal "is_measure ?f" of the appropriate
9293 type and generates all solutions by Prolog-style backward proof using
9296 This setup also deals with rules like
9298 "is_measure f ==> is_measure (list_size f)"
9300 which accommodates nested datatypes that recurse through lists.
9301 Similar rules are predeclared for products and option types.
9303 * Turned the type of sets "'a set" into an abbreviation for "'a => bool"
9307 - Definitions of overloaded constants on sets have to be replaced by
9308 definitions on => and bool.
9310 - Some definitions of overloaded operators on sets can now be proved
9311 using the definitions of the operators on => and bool. Therefore,
9312 the following theorems have been renamed:
9314 subset_def -> subset_eq
9315 psubset_def -> psubset_eq
9316 set_diff_def -> set_diff_eq
9317 Compl_def -> Compl_eq
9318 Sup_set_def -> Sup_set_eq
9319 Inf_set_def -> Inf_set_eq
9320 sup_set_def -> sup_set_eq
9321 inf_set_def -> inf_set_eq
9323 - Due to the incompleteness of the HO unification algorithm, some
9324 rules such as subst may require manual instantiation, if some of
9325 the unknowns in the rule is a set.
9327 - Higher order unification and forward proofs:
9330 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
9331 then have "EX S. P S" ..
9333 no longer works (due to the incompleteness of the HO unification
9334 algorithm) and must be replaced by the pattern
9341 - Calculational reasoning with subst (or similar rules):
9344 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
9345 also have "S = T" <...>
9346 finally have "P T" .
9348 no longer works (for similar reasons as the previous example) and
9349 must be replaced by something like
9351 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
9352 moreover have "S = T" <...>
9353 ultimately have "P T" by simp
9355 - Tactics or packages written in ML code:
9356 Code performing pattern matching on types via
9358 Type ("set", [T]) => ...
9360 must be rewritten. Moreover, functions like strip_type or
9361 binder_types no longer return the right value when applied to a
9364 T1 => ... => Tn => U => bool
9368 T1 => ... => Tn => U set
9370 * Merged theories Wellfounded_Recursion, Accessible_Part and
9371 Wellfounded_Relations to theory Wellfounded.
9373 * Explicit class "eq" for executable equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9375 * Class finite no longer treats UNIV as class parameter. Use class
9376 enum from theory Library/Enum instead to achieve a similar effect.
9379 * Theory List: rule list_induct2 now has explicitly named cases "Nil"
9380 and "Cons". INCOMPATIBILITY.
9382 * HOL (and FOL): renamed variables in rules imp_elim and swap.
9383 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
9385 * Theory Product_Type: duplicated lemmas split_Pair_apply and
9386 injective_fst_snd removed, use split_eta and prod_eqI instead.
9387 Renamed upd_fst to apfst and upd_snd to apsnd. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9389 * Theory Nat: removed redundant lemmas that merely duplicate lemmas of
9390 the same name in theory Orderings:
9400 Renamed less_imp_le to less_imp_le_nat, and less_irrefl to
9401 less_irrefl_nat. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to more general types
9402 and different variable names.
9404 * Library/Option_ord.thy: Canonical order on option type.
9406 * Library/RBT.thy: Red-black trees, an efficient implementation of
9409 * Library/Countable.thy: Type class for countable types.
9411 * Theory Int: The representation of numerals has changed. The infix
9412 operator BIT and the bit datatype with constructors B0 and B1 have
9413 disappeared. INCOMPATIBILITY, use "Int.Bit0 x" and "Int.Bit1 y" in
9414 place of "x BIT bit.B0" and "y BIT bit.B1", respectively. Theorems
9415 involving BIT, B0, or B1 have been renamed with "Bit0" or "Bit1"
9418 * Theory Nat: definition of <= and < on natural numbers no longer
9419 depend on well-founded relations. INCOMPATIBILITY. Definitions
9420 le_def and less_def have disappeared. Consider lemmas not_less
9421 [symmetric, where ?'a = nat] and less_eq [symmetric] instead.
9423 * Theory Finite_Set: locales ACf, ACe, ACIf, ACIfSL and ACIfSLlin
9424 (whose purpose mainly is for various fold_set functionals) have been
9425 abandoned in favor of the existing algebraic classes
9426 ab_semigroup_mult, comm_monoid_mult, ab_semigroup_idem_mult,
9427 lower_semilattice (resp. upper_semilattice) and linorder.
9430 * Theory Transitive_Closure: induct and cases rules now declare proper
9431 case_names ("base" and "step"). INCOMPATIBILITY.
9433 * Theorem Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct generalized to complete
9434 lattices. The form set-specific version is available as
9435 Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct_set.
9437 * Renamed theorems "power.simps" to "power_int.simps".
9440 * Class semiring_div provides basic abstract properties of semirings
9441 with division and modulo operations. Subsumes former class dvd_mod.
9443 * Merged theories IntDef, Numeral and IntArith into unified theory
9444 Int. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9446 * Theory Library/Code_Index: type "index" now represents natural
9447 numbers rather than integers. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9449 * New class "uminus" with operation "uminus" (split of from class
9450 "minus" which now only has operation "minus", binary).
9453 * Constants "card", "internal_split", "option_map" now with authentic
9454 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9456 * Definitions subset_def, psubset_def, set_diff_def, Compl_def,
9457 le_bool_def, less_bool_def, le_fun_def, less_fun_def, inf_bool_def,
9458 sup_bool_def, Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, inf_fun_def, sup_fun_def,
9459 Inf_fun_def, Sup_fun_def, inf_set_def, sup_set_def, Inf_set_def,
9460 Sup_set_def, le_def, less_def, option_map_def now with object
9461 equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9463 * Records. Removed K_record, and replaced it by pure lambda term
9464 %x. c. The simplifier setup is now more robust against eta expansion.
9465 INCOMPATIBILITY: in cases explicitly referring to K_record.
9467 * Library/Multiset: {#a, b, c#} abbreviates {#a#} + {#b#} + {#c#}.
9469 * Library/ListVector: new theory of arithmetic vector operations.
9471 * Library/Order_Relation: new theory of various orderings as sets of
9472 pairs. Defines preorders, partial orders, linear orders and
9473 well-orders on sets and on types.
9478 * Renamed some theories to allow to loading both ZF and HOL in the
9481 Datatype -> Datatype_ZF
9482 Inductive -> Inductive_ZF
9489 INCOMPATIBILITY: ZF theories that import individual theories below
9490 Main might need to be adapted. Regular theory Main is still
9491 available, as trivial extension of Main_ZF.
9496 * ML within Isar: antiquotation @{const name} or @{const
9497 name(typargs)} produces statically-checked Const term.
9499 * Functor NamedThmsFun: data is available to the user as dynamic fact
9500 (of the same name). Removed obsolete print command.
9502 * Removed obsolete "use_legacy_bindings" function.
9504 * The ``print mode'' is now a thread-local value derived from a global
9505 template (the former print_mode reference), thus access becomes
9506 non-critical. The global print_mode reference is for session
9507 management only; user-code should use print_mode_value,
9508 print_mode_active, PrintMode.setmp etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9510 * Functions system/system_out provide a robust way to invoke external
9511 shell commands, with propagation of interrupts (requires Poly/ML
9512 5.2.1). Do not use OS.Process.system etc. from the basis library!
9517 * Default settings: PROOFGENERAL_OPTIONS no longer impose xemacs ---
9518 in accordance with Proof General 3.7, which prefers GNU emacs.
9520 * isatool tty runs Isabelle process with plain tty interaction;
9521 optional line editor may be specified via ISABELLE_LINE_EDITOR
9522 setting, the default settings attempt to locate "ledit" and "rlwrap".
9524 * isatool browser now works with Cygwin as well, using general
9525 "javapath" function defined in Isabelle process environment.
9527 * YXML notation provides a simple and efficient alternative to
9528 standard XML transfer syntax. See src/Pure/General/yxml.ML and
9529 isatool yxml as described in the Isabelle system manual.
9531 * JVM class isabelle.IsabelleProcess (located in Isabelle/lib/classes)
9532 provides general wrapper for managing an Isabelle process in a robust
9533 fashion, with ``cooked'' output from stdin/stderr.
9535 * Rudimentary Isabelle plugin for jEdit (see Isabelle/lib/jedit),
9536 based on Isabelle/JVM process wrapper (see Isabelle/lib/classes).
9538 * Removed obsolete THIS_IS_ISABELLE_BUILD feature. NB: the documented
9539 way of changing the user's settings is via
9540 ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/settings, which is a fully featured bash
9543 * Multithreading.max_threads := 0 refers to the number of actual CPU
9544 cores of the underlying machine, which is a good starting point for
9545 optimal performance tuning. The corresponding usedir option -M allows
9546 "max" as an alias for "0". WARNING: does not work on certain versions
9547 of Mac OS (with Poly/ML 5.1).
9549 * isabelle-process: non-ML sessions are run with "nice", to reduce the
9550 adverse effect of Isabelle flooding interactive front-ends (notably
9551 ProofGeneral / XEmacs).
9555 New in Isabelle2007 (November 2007)
9556 -----------------------------------
9560 * More uniform information about legacy features, notably a
9561 warning/error of "Legacy feature: ...", depending on the state of the
9562 tolerate_legacy_features flag (default true). FUTURE INCOMPATIBILITY:
9563 legacy features will disappear eventually.
9565 * Theory syntax: the header format ``theory A = B + C:'' has been
9566 discontinued in favour of ``theory A imports B C begin''. Use isatool
9567 fixheaders to convert existing theory files. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9569 * Theory syntax: the old non-Isar theory file format has been
9570 discontinued altogether. Note that ML proof scripts may still be used
9571 with Isar theories; migration is usually quite simple with the ML
9572 function use_legacy_bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9574 * Theory syntax: some popular names (e.g. 'class', 'declaration',
9575 'fun', 'help', 'if') are now keywords. INCOMPATIBILITY, use double
9578 * Theory loader: be more serious about observing the static theory
9579 header specifications (including optional directories), but not the
9580 accidental file locations of previously successful loads. The strict
9581 update policy of former update_thy is now already performed by
9582 use_thy, so the former has been removed; use_thys updates several
9583 theories simultaneously, just as 'imports' within a theory header
9584 specification, but without merging the results. Potential
9585 INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to refine theory headers and commands
9586 ROOT.ML which depend on load order.
9588 * Theory loader: optional support for content-based file
9589 identification, instead of the traditional scheme of full physical
9590 path plus date stamp; configured by the ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT setting
9591 (cf. the system manual). The new scheme allows to work with
9592 non-finished theories in persistent session images, such that source
9593 files may be moved later on without requiring reloads.
9595 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
9596 file (with the same base name as the theory) are considered a legacy
9597 feature, which will disappear eventually. Even now, the theory loader
9598 no longer maintains dependencies on such files.
9600 * Syntax: the scope for resolving ambiguities via type-inference is
9601 now limited to individual terms, instead of whole simultaneous
9602 specifications as before. This greatly reduces the complexity of the
9603 syntax module and improves flexibility by separating parsing and
9604 type-checking. INCOMPATIBILITY: additional type-constraints (explicit
9605 'fixes' etc.) are required in rare situations.
9607 * Syntax: constants introduced by new-style packages ('definition',
9608 'abbreviation' etc.) are passed through the syntax module in
9609 ``authentic mode''. This means that associated mixfix annotations
9610 really stick to such constants, independently of potential name space
9611 ambiguities introduced later on. INCOMPATIBILITY: constants in parse
9612 trees are represented slightly differently, may need to adapt syntax
9613 translations accordingly. Use CONST marker in 'translations' and
9614 @{const_syntax} antiquotation in 'parse_translation' etc.
9616 * Legacy goal package: reduced interface to the bare minimum required
9617 to keep existing proof scripts running. Most other user-level
9618 functions are now part of the OldGoals structure, which is *not* open
9619 by default (consider isatool expandshort before open OldGoals).
9620 Removed top_sg, prin, printyp, pprint_term/typ altogether, because
9621 these tend to cause confusion about the actual goal (!) context being
9622 used here, which is not necessarily the same as the_context().
9624 * Command 'find_theorems': supports "*" wild-card in "name:"
9625 criterion; "with_dups" option. Certain ProofGeneral versions might
9626 support a specific search form (see ProofGeneral/CHANGES).
9628 * The ``prems limit'' option (cf. ProofContext.prems_limit) is now -1
9629 by default, which means that "prems" (and also "fixed variables") are
9630 suppressed from proof state output. Note that the ProofGeneral
9631 settings mechanism allows to change and save options persistently, but
9632 older versions of Isabelle will fail to start up if a negative prems
9635 * Local theory targets may be specified by non-nested blocks of
9636 ``context/locale/class ... begin'' followed by ``end''. The body may
9637 contain definitions, theorems etc., including any derived mechanism
9638 that has been implemented on top of these primitives. This concept
9639 generalizes the existing ``theorem (in ...)'' towards more versatility
9642 * Proof General interface: proper undo of final 'end' command;
9643 discontinued Isabelle/classic mode (ML proof scripts).
9646 *** Document preparation ***
9648 * Added antiquotation @{theory name} which prints the given name,
9649 after checking that it refers to a valid ancestor theory in the
9652 * Added antiquotations @{ML_type text} and @{ML_struct text} which
9653 check the given source text as ML type/structure, printing verbatim.
9655 * Added antiquotation @{abbrev "c args"} which prints the abbreviation
9656 "c args == rhs" given in the current context. (Any number of
9657 arguments may be given on the LHS.)
9662 * The 'class' package offers a combination of axclass and locale to
9663 achieve Haskell-like type classes in Isabelle. Definitions and
9664 theorems within a class context produce both relative results (with
9665 implicit parameters according to the locale context), and polymorphic
9666 constants with qualified polymorphism (according to the class
9667 context). Within the body context of a 'class' target, a separate
9668 syntax layer ("user space type system") takes care of converting
9669 between global polymorphic consts and internal locale representation.
9670 See src/HOL/ex/Classpackage.thy for examples (as well as main HOL).
9671 "isatool doc classes" provides a tutorial.
9673 * Generic code generator framework allows to generate executable
9674 code for ML and Haskell (including Isabelle classes). A short usage
9677 internal compilation:
9678 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML
9679 writing SML code to a file:
9680 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML <filename>
9681 writing OCaml code to a file:
9682 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in OCaml <filename>
9683 writing Haskell code to a bunch of files:
9684 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in Haskell <filename>
9686 evaluating closed propositions to True/False using code generation:
9689 Reasonable default setup of framework in HOL.
9691 Theorem attributs for selecting and transforming function equations theorems:
9693 [code fun]: select a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
9694 [code fun del]: deselect a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
9695 [code inline]: select an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
9696 [code inline del]: deselect an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
9698 User-defined serializations (target in {SML, OCaml, Haskell}):
9700 code_const <and-list of constants (term syntax)>
9701 {(target) <and-list of const target syntax>}+
9703 code_type <and-list of type constructors>
9704 {(target) <and-list of type target syntax>}+
9706 code_instance <and-list of instances>
9708 where instance ::= <type constructor> :: <class>
9710 code_class <and_list of classes>
9711 {(target) <and-list of class target syntax>}+
9712 where class target syntax ::= <class name> {where {<classop> == <target syntax>}+}?
9714 code_instance and code_class only are effective to target Haskell.
9716 For example usage see src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator.thy and
9717 src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator_Pretty.thy. A separate tutorial on code
9718 generation from Isabelle/HOL theories is available via "isatool doc
9721 * Code generator: consts in 'consts_code' Isar commands are now
9722 referred to by usual term syntax (including optional type
9725 * Command 'no_translations' removes translation rules from theory
9728 * Overloaded definitions are now actually checked for acyclic
9729 dependencies. The overloading scheme is slightly more general than
9730 that of Haskell98, although Isabelle does not demand an exact
9731 correspondence to type class and instance declarations.
9732 INCOMPATIBILITY, use ``defs (unchecked overloaded)'' to admit more
9733 exotic versions of overloading -- at the discretion of the user!
9735 Polymorphic constants are represented via type arguments, i.e. the
9736 instantiation that matches an instance against the most general
9737 declaration given in the signature. For example, with the declaration
9738 c :: 'a => 'a => 'a, an instance c :: nat => nat => nat is represented
9739 as c(nat). Overloading is essentially simultaneous structural
9740 recursion over such type arguments. Incomplete specification patterns
9741 impose global constraints on all occurrences, e.g. c('a * 'a) on the
9742 LHS means that more general c('a * 'b) will be disallowed on any RHS.
9743 Command 'print_theory' outputs the normalized system of recursive
9744 equations, see section "definitions".
9746 * Configuration options are maintained within the theory or proof
9747 context (with name and type bool/int/string), providing a very simple
9748 interface to a poor-man's version of general context data. Tools may
9749 declare options in ML (e.g. using Attrib.config_int) and then refer to
9750 these values using Config.get etc. Users may change options via an
9751 associated attribute of the same name. This form of context
9752 declaration works particularly well with commands 'declare' or
9753 'using', for example ``declare [[foo = 42]]''. Thus it has become
9754 very easy to avoid global references, which would not observe Isar
9755 toplevel undo/redo and fail to work with multithreading.
9757 Various global ML references of Pure and HOL have been turned into
9758 configuration options:
9760 Unify.search_bound unify_search_bound
9761 Unify.trace_bound unify_trace_bound
9762 Unify.trace_simp unify_trace_simp
9763 Unify.trace_types unify_trace_types
9764 Simplifier.simp_depth_limit simp_depth_limit
9765 Blast.depth_limit blast_depth_limit
9766 DatatypeProp.dtK datatype_distinctness_limit
9767 fast_arith_neq_limit fast_arith_neq_limit
9768 fast_arith_split_limit fast_arith_split_limit
9770 * Named collections of theorems may be easily installed as context
9771 data using the functor NamedThmsFun (see also
9772 src/Pure/Tools/named_thms.ML). The user may add or delete facts via
9773 attributes; there is also a toplevel print command. This facility is
9774 just a common case of general context data, which is the preferred way
9775 for anything more complex than just a list of facts in canonical
9778 * Isar: command 'declaration' augments a local theory by generic
9779 declaration functions written in ML. This enables arbitrary content
9780 being added to the context, depending on a morphism that tells the
9781 difference of the original declaration context wrt. the application
9782 context encountered later on.
9784 * Isar: proper interfaces for simplification procedures. Command
9785 'simproc_setup' declares named simprocs (with match patterns, and body
9786 text in ML). Attribute "simproc" adds/deletes simprocs in the current
9787 context. ML antiquotation @{simproc name} retrieves named simprocs.
9789 * Isar: an extra pair of brackets around attribute declarations
9790 abbreviates a theorem reference involving an internal dummy fact,
9791 which will be ignored later --- only the effect of the attribute on
9792 the background context will persist. This form of in-place
9793 declarations is particularly useful with commands like 'declare' and
9794 'using', for example ``have A using [[simproc a]] by simp''.
9796 * Isar: method "assumption" (and implicit closing of subproofs) now
9797 takes simple non-atomic goal assumptions into account: after applying
9798 an assumption as a rule the resulting subgoals are solved by atomic
9799 assumption steps. This is particularly useful to finish 'obtain'
9800 goals, such as "!!x. (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> P x ==> thesis",
9801 without referring to the original premise "!!x. P x ==> thesis" in the
9802 Isar proof context. POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY: method "assumption" is
9805 * Isar: implicit use of prems from the Isar proof context is
9806 considered a legacy feature. Common applications like ``have A .''
9807 may be replaced by ``have A by fact'' or ``note `A`''. In general,
9808 referencing facts explicitly here improves readability and
9809 maintainability of proof texts.
9811 * Isar: improper proof element 'guess' is like 'obtain', but derives
9812 the obtained context from the course of reasoning! For example:
9814 assume "EX x y. A x & B y" -- "any previous fact"
9815 then guess x and y by clarify
9817 This technique is potentially adventurous, depending on the facts and
9818 proof tools being involved here.
9820 * Isar: known facts from the proof context may be specified as literal
9821 propositions, using ASCII back-quote syntax. This works wherever
9822 named facts used to be allowed so far, in proof commands, proof
9823 methods, attributes etc. Literal facts are retrieved from the context
9824 according to unification of type and term parameters. For example,
9825 provided that "A" and "A ==> B" and "!!x. P x ==> Q x" are known
9826 theorems in the current context, then these are valid literal facts:
9827 `A` and `A ==> B` and `!!x. P x ==> Q x" as well as `P a ==> Q a` etc.
9829 There is also a proof method "fact" which does the same composition
9830 for explicit goal states, e.g. the following proof texts coincide with
9831 certain special cases of literal facts:
9833 have "A" by fact == note `A`
9834 have "A ==> B" by fact == note `A ==> B`
9835 have "!!x. P x ==> Q x" by fact == note `!!x. P x ==> Q x`
9836 have "P a ==> Q a" by fact == note `P a ==> Q a`
9838 * Isar: ":" (colon) is no longer a symbolic identifier character in
9839 outer syntax. Thus symbolic identifiers may be used without
9840 additional white space in declarations like this: ``assume *: A''.
9842 * Isar: 'print_facts' prints all local facts of the current context,
9843 both named and unnamed ones.
9845 * Isar: 'def' now admits simultaneous definitions, e.g.:
9847 def x == "t" and y == "u"
9849 * Isar: added command 'unfolding', which is structurally similar to
9850 'using', but affects both the goal state and facts by unfolding given
9851 rewrite rules. Thus many occurrences of the 'unfold' method or
9852 'unfolded' attribute may be replaced by first-class proof text.
9854 * Isar: methods 'unfold' / 'fold', attributes 'unfolded' / 'folded',
9855 and command 'unfolding' now all support object-level equalities
9856 (potentially conditional). The underlying notion of rewrite rule is
9857 analogous to the 'rule_format' attribute, but *not* that of the
9858 Simplifier (which is usually more generous).
9860 * Isar: the new attribute [rotated n] (default n = 1) rotates the
9861 premises of a theorem by n. Useful in conjunction with drule.
9863 * Isar: the goal restriction operator [N] (default N = 1) evaluates a
9864 method expression within a sandbox consisting of the first N
9865 sub-goals, which need to exist. For example, ``simp_all [3]''
9866 simplifies the first three sub-goals, while (rule foo, simp_all)[]
9867 simplifies all new goals that emerge from applying rule foo to the
9868 originally first one.
9870 * Isar: schematic goals are no longer restricted to higher-order
9871 patterns; e.g. ``lemma "?P(?x)" by (rule TrueI)'' now works as
9874 * Isar: the conclusion of a long theorem statement is now either
9875 'shows' (a simultaneous conjunction, as before), or 'obtains'
9876 (essentially a disjunction of cases with local parameters and
9877 assumptions). The latter allows to express general elimination rules
9878 adequately; in this notation common elimination rules look like this:
9880 lemma exE: -- "EX x. P x ==> (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
9882 obtains x where "P x"
9884 lemma conjE: -- "A & B ==> (A ==> B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
9888 lemma disjE: -- "A | B ==> (A ==> thesis) ==> (B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
9894 The subsequent classical rules even refer to the formal "thesis"
9897 lemma classical: -- "(~ thesis ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
9900 lemma Peirce's_Law: -- "((thesis ==> something) ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
9901 obtains "thesis ==> something"
9903 The actual proof of an 'obtains' statement is analogous to that of the
9904 Isar proof element 'obtain', only that there may be several cases.
9905 Optional case names may be specified in parentheses; these will be
9906 available both in the present proof and as annotations in the
9907 resulting rule, for later use with the 'cases' method (cf. attribute
9910 * Isar: the assumptions of a long theorem statement are available as
9911 "assms" fact in the proof context. This is more appropriate than the
9912 (historical) "prems", which refers to all assumptions of the current
9913 context, including those from the target locale, proof body etc.
9915 * Isar: 'print_statement' prints theorems from the current theory or
9916 proof context in long statement form, according to the syntax of a
9919 * Isar: 'obtain' takes an optional case name for the local context
9920 introduction rule (default "that").
9922 * Isar: removed obsolete 'concl is' patterns. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
9923 explicit (is "_ ==> ?foo") in the rare cases where this still happens
9926 * Pure: syntax "CONST name" produces a fully internalized constant
9927 according to the current context. This is particularly useful for
9928 syntax translations that should refer to internal constant
9929 representations independently of name spaces.
9931 * Pure: syntax constant for foo (binder "FOO ") is called "foo_binder"
9932 instead of "FOO ". This allows multiple binder declarations to coexist
9933 in the same context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
9935 * Isar/locales: 'notation' provides a robust interface to the 'syntax'
9936 primitive that also works in a locale context (both for constants and
9937 fixed variables). Type declaration and internal syntactic representation
9938 of given constants retrieved from the context. Likewise, the
9939 'no_notation' command allows to remove given syntax annotations from the
9942 * Isar/locales: new derived specification elements 'axiomatization',
9943 'definition', 'abbreviation', which support type-inference, admit
9944 object-level specifications (equality, equivalence). See also the
9945 isar-ref manual. Examples:
9948 eq (infix "===" 50) where
9949 eq_refl: "x === x" and eq_subst: "x === y ==> P x ==> P y"
9951 definition "f x y = x + y + 1"
9952 definition g where "g x = f x x"
9955 neq (infix "=!=" 50) where
9956 "x =!= y == ~ (x === y)"
9958 These specifications may be also used in a locale context. Then the
9959 constants being introduced depend on certain fixed parameters, and the
9960 constant name is qualified by the locale base name. An internal
9961 abbreviation takes care for convenient input and output, making the
9962 parameters implicit and using the original short name. See also
9963 src/HOL/ex/Abstract_NAT.thy for an example of deriving polymorphic
9964 entities from a monomorphic theory.
9966 Presently, abbreviations are only available 'in' a target locale, but
9967 not inherited by general import expressions. Also note that
9968 'abbreviation' may be used as a type-safe replacement for 'syntax' +
9969 'translations' in common applications. The "no_abbrevs" print mode
9970 prevents folding of abbreviations in term output.
9972 Concrete syntax is attached to specified constants in internal form,
9973 independently of name spaces. The parse tree representation is
9974 slightly different -- use 'notation' instead of raw 'syntax', and
9975 'translations' with explicit "CONST" markup to accommodate this.
9977 * Pure/Isar: unified syntax for new-style specification mechanisms
9978 (e.g. 'definition', 'abbreviation', or 'inductive' in HOL) admits
9979 full type inference and dummy patterns ("_"). For example:
9981 definition "K x _ = x"
9983 inductive conj for A B
9984 where "A ==> B ==> conj A B"
9986 * Pure: command 'print_abbrevs' prints all constant abbreviations of
9987 the current context. Print mode "no_abbrevs" prevents inversion of
9988 abbreviations on output.
9990 * Isar/locales: improved parameter handling: use of locales "var" and
9991 "struct" no longer necessary; - parameter renamings are no longer
9992 required to be injective. For example, this allows to define
9993 endomorphisms as locale endom = homom mult mult h.
9995 * Isar/locales: changed the way locales with predicates are defined.
9996 Instead of accumulating the specification, the imported expression is
9997 now an interpretation. INCOMPATIBILITY: different normal form of
9998 locale expressions. In particular, in interpretations of locales with
9999 predicates, goals repesenting already interpreted fragments are not
10000 removed automatically. Use methods `intro_locales' and
10001 `unfold_locales'; see below.
10003 * Isar/locales: new methods `intro_locales' and `unfold_locales'
10004 provide backward reasoning on locales predicates. The methods are
10005 aware of interpretations and discharge corresponding goals.
10006 `intro_locales' is less aggressive then `unfold_locales' and does not
10007 unfold predicates to assumptions.
10009 * Isar/locales: the order in which locale fragments are accumulated
10010 has changed. This enables to override declarations from fragments due
10011 to interpretations -- for example, unwanted simp rules.
10013 * Isar/locales: interpretation in theories and proof contexts has been
10014 extended. One may now specify (and prove) equations, which are
10015 unfolded in interpreted theorems. This is useful for replacing
10016 defined concepts (constants depending on locale parameters) by
10017 concepts already existing in the target context. Example:
10019 interpretation partial_order ["op <= :: [int, int] => bool"]
10020 where "partial_order.less (op <=) (x::int) y = (x < y)"
10022 Typically, the constant `partial_order.less' is created by a
10023 definition specification element in the context of locale
10026 * Method "induct": improved internal context management to support
10027 local fixes and defines on-the-fly. Thus explicit meta-level
10028 connectives !! and ==> are rarely required anymore in inductive goals
10029 (using object-logic connectives for this purpose has been long
10030 obsolete anyway). Common proof patterns are explained in
10031 src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, see also
10032 src/HOL/Isar_examples/Puzzle.thy and src/HOL/Lambda for realistic
10035 * Method "induct": improved handling of simultaneous goals. Instead of
10036 introducing object-level conjunction, the statement is now split into
10037 several conclusions, while the corresponding symbolic cases are nested
10038 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, proofs need to be structured explicitly,
10039 see src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, for example.
10041 * Method "induct": mutual induction rules are now specified as a list
10042 of rule sharing the same induction cases. HOL packages usually provide
10043 foo_bar.inducts for mutually defined items foo and bar (e.g. inductive
10044 predicates/sets or datatypes). INCOMPATIBILITY, users need to specify
10045 mutual induction rules differently, i.e. like this:
10047 (induct rule: foo_bar.inducts)
10048 (induct set: foo bar)
10049 (induct pred: foo bar)
10050 (induct type: foo bar)
10052 The ML function ProjectRule.projections turns old-style rules into the
10055 * Method "coinduct": dual of induction, see
10056 src/HOL/Library/Coinductive_List.thy for various examples.
10058 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": the ``(open)'' option is
10059 considered a legacy feature.
10061 * Attribute "symmetric" produces result with standardized schematic
10062 variables (index 0). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
10064 * Simplifier: by default the simplifier trace only shows top level
10065 rewrites now. That is, trace_simp_depth_limit is set to 1 by
10066 default. Thus there is less danger of being flooded by the trace. The
10067 trace indicates where parts have been suppressed.
10069 * Provers/classical: removed obsolete classical version of elim_format
10070 attribute; classical elim/dest rules are now treated uniformly when
10071 manipulating the claset.
10073 * Provers/classical: stricter checks to ensure that supplied intro,
10074 dest and elim rules are well-formed; dest and elim rules must have at
10077 * Provers/classical: attributes dest/elim/intro take an optional
10078 weight argument for the rule (just as the Pure versions). Weights are
10079 ignored by automated tools, but determine the search order of single
10082 * Syntax: input syntax now supports dummy variable binding "%_. b",
10083 where the body does not mention the bound variable. Note that dummy
10084 patterns implicitly depend on their context of bounds, which makes
10085 "{_. _}" match any set comprehension as expected. Potential
10086 INCOMPATIBILITY -- parse translations need to cope with syntactic
10087 constant "_idtdummy" in the binding position.
10089 * Syntax: removed obsolete syntactic constant "_K" and its associated
10090 parse translation. INCOMPATIBILITY -- use dummy abstraction instead,
10091 for example "A -> B" => "Pi A (%_. B)".
10093 * Pure: 'class_deps' command visualizes the subclass relation, using
10094 the graph browser tool.
10096 * Pure: 'print_theory' now suppresses certain internal declarations by
10097 default; use '!' option for full details.
10102 * Method "metis" proves goals by applying the Metis general-purpose
10103 resolution prover (see also http://gilith.com/software/metis/).
10104 Examples are in the directory MetisExamples. WARNING: the
10105 Isabelle/HOL-Metis integration does not yet work properly with
10108 * Command 'sledgehammer' invokes external automatic theorem provers as
10109 background processes. It generates calls to the "metis" method if
10110 successful. These can be pasted into the proof. Users do not have to
10111 wait for the automatic provers to return. WARNING: does not really
10112 work with multi-threading.
10114 * New "auto_quickcheck" feature tests outermost goal statements for
10115 potential counter-examples. Controlled by ML references
10116 auto_quickcheck (default true) and auto_quickcheck_time_limit (default
10117 5000 milliseconds). Fails silently if statements is outside of
10118 executable fragment, or any other codgenerator problem occurs.
10120 * New constant "undefined" with axiom "undefined x = undefined".
10122 * Added class "HOL.eq", allowing for code generation with polymorphic
10125 * Some renaming of class constants due to canonical name prefixing in
10126 the new 'class' package:
10128 HOL.abs ~> HOL.abs_class.abs
10129 HOL.divide ~> HOL.divide_class.divide
10130 0 ~> HOL.zero_class.zero
10131 1 ~> HOL.one_class.one
10132 op + ~> HOL.plus_class.plus
10133 op - ~> HOL.minus_class.minus
10134 uminus ~> HOL.minus_class.uminus
10135 op * ~> HOL.times_class.times
10136 op < ~> HOL.ord_class.less
10137 op <= > HOL.ord_class.less_eq
10138 Nat.power ~> Power.power_class.power
10139 Nat.size ~> Nat.size_class.size
10140 Numeral.number_of ~> Numeral.number_class.number_of
10141 FixedPoint.Inf ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Inf
10142 FixedPoint.Sup ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Sup
10143 Orderings.min ~> Orderings.ord_class.min
10144 Orderings.max ~> Orderings.ord_class.max
10145 Divides.op div ~> Divides.div_class.div
10146 Divides.op mod ~> Divides.div_class.mod
10147 Divides.op dvd ~> Divides.div_class.dvd
10149 INCOMPATIBILITY. Adaptions may be required in the following cases:
10151 a) User-defined constants using any of the names "plus", "minus",
10152 "times", "less" or "less_eq". The standard syntax translations for
10153 "+", "-" and "*" may go wrong. INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific
10156 b) Variables named "plus", "minus", "times", "less", "less_eq"
10157 INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific names.
10159 c) Permutative equations (e.g. "a + b = b + a")
10160 Since the change of names also changes the order of terms, permutative
10161 rewrite rules may get applied in a different order. Experience shows
10162 that this is rarely the case (only two adaptions in the whole Isabelle
10163 distribution). INCOMPATIBILITY: rewrite proofs
10165 d) ML code directly refering to constant names
10166 This in general only affects hand-written proof tactics, simprocs and
10167 so on. INCOMPATIBILITY: grep your sourcecode and replace names.
10168 Consider using @{const_name} antiquotation.
10170 * New class "default" with associated constant "default".
10172 * Function "sgn" is now overloaded and available on int, real, complex
10173 (and other numeric types), using class "sgn". Two possible defs of
10174 sgn are given as equational assumptions in the classes sgn_if and
10175 sgn_div_norm; ordered_idom now also inherits from sgn_if.
10178 * Locale "partial_order" now unified with class "order" (cf. theory
10179 Orderings), added parameter "less". INCOMPATIBILITY.
10181 * Renamings in classes "order" and "linorder": facts "refl", "trans" and
10182 "cases" to "order_refl", "order_trans" and "linorder_cases", to avoid
10183 clashes with HOL "refl" and "trans". INCOMPATIBILITY.
10185 * Classes "order" and "linorder": potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to
10186 changed order of proof goals in instance proofs.
10188 * The transitivity reasoner for partial and linear orders is set up
10189 for classes "order" and "linorder". Instances of the reasoner are available
10190 in all contexts importing or interpreting the corresponding locales.
10191 Method "order" invokes the reasoner separately; the reasoner
10192 is also integrated with the Simplifier as a solver. Diagnostic
10193 command 'print_orders' shows the available instances of the reasoner
10194 in the current context.
10196 * Localized monotonicity predicate in theory "Orderings"; integrated
10197 lemmas max_of_mono and min_of_mono with this predicate.
10200 * Formulation of theorem "dense" changed slightly due to integration
10201 with new class dense_linear_order.
10203 * Uniform lattice theory development in HOL.
10205 constants "meet" and "join" now named "inf" and "sup"
10206 constant "Meet" now named "Inf"
10208 classes "meet_semilorder" and "join_semilorder" now named
10209 "lower_semilattice" and "upper_semilattice"
10210 class "lorder" now named "lattice"
10211 class "comp_lat" now named "complete_lattice"
10213 Instantiation of lattice classes allows explicit definitions
10214 for "inf" and "sup" operations (or "Inf" and "Sup" for complete lattices).
10216 INCOMPATIBILITY. Theorem renames:
10218 meet_left_le ~> inf_le1
10219 meet_right_le ~> inf_le2
10220 join_left_le ~> sup_ge1
10221 join_right_le ~> sup_ge2
10222 meet_join_le ~> inf_sup_ord
10223 le_meetI ~> le_infI
10224 join_leI ~> le_supI
10225 le_meet ~> le_inf_iff
10226 le_join ~> ge_sup_conv
10227 meet_idempotent ~> inf_idem
10228 join_idempotent ~> sup_idem
10229 meet_comm ~> inf_commute
10230 join_comm ~> sup_commute
10231 meet_leI1 ~> le_infI1
10232 meet_leI2 ~> le_infI2
10233 le_joinI1 ~> le_supI1
10234 le_joinI2 ~> le_supI2
10235 meet_assoc ~> inf_assoc
10236 join_assoc ~> sup_assoc
10237 meet_left_comm ~> inf_left_commute
10238 meet_left_idempotent ~> inf_left_idem
10239 join_left_comm ~> sup_left_commute
10240 join_left_idempotent ~> sup_left_idem
10241 meet_aci ~> inf_aci
10242 join_aci ~> sup_aci
10243 le_def_meet ~> le_iff_inf
10244 le_def_join ~> le_iff_sup
10245 join_absorp2 ~> sup_absorb2
10246 join_absorp1 ~> sup_absorb1
10247 meet_absorp1 ~> inf_absorb1
10248 meet_absorp2 ~> inf_absorb2
10249 meet_join_absorp ~> inf_sup_absorb
10250 join_meet_absorp ~> sup_inf_absorb
10251 distrib_join_le ~> distrib_sup_le
10252 distrib_meet_le ~> distrib_inf_le
10254 add_meet_distrib_left ~> add_inf_distrib_left
10255 add_join_distrib_left ~> add_sup_distrib_left
10256 is_join_neg_meet ~> is_join_neg_inf
10257 is_meet_neg_join ~> is_meet_neg_sup
10258 add_meet_distrib_right ~> add_inf_distrib_right
10259 add_join_distrib_right ~> add_sup_distrib_right
10260 add_meet_join_distribs ~> add_sup_inf_distribs
10261 join_eq_neg_meet ~> sup_eq_neg_inf
10262 meet_eq_neg_join ~> inf_eq_neg_sup
10263 add_eq_meet_join ~> add_eq_inf_sup
10264 meet_0_imp_0 ~> inf_0_imp_0
10265 join_0_imp_0 ~> sup_0_imp_0
10266 meet_0_eq_0 ~> inf_0_eq_0
10267 join_0_eq_0 ~> sup_0_eq_0
10268 neg_meet_eq_join ~> neg_inf_eq_sup
10269 neg_join_eq_meet ~> neg_sup_eq_inf
10270 join_eq_if ~> sup_eq_if
10272 mono_meet ~> mono_inf
10273 mono_join ~> mono_sup
10274 meet_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_eq
10275 join_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_eq
10276 meet_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_eq
10277 join_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_eq
10278 meet_set_eq ~> inf_set_eq
10279 join_set_eq ~> sup_set_eq
10280 meet1_iff ~> inf1_iff
10281 meet2_iff ~> inf2_iff
10290 join1_iff ~> sup1_iff
10291 join2_iff ~> sup2_iff
10301 is_meet_Meet ~> is_meet_Inf
10302 Meet_bool_def ~> Inf_bool_def
10303 Meet_fun_def ~> Inf_fun_def
10304 Meet_greatest ~> Inf_greatest
10305 Meet_lower ~> Inf_lower
10306 Meet_set_def ~> Inf_set_def
10309 Sup_bool_eq ~> Sup_bool_def
10310 Sup_fun_eq ~> Sup_fun_def
10311 Sup_set_eq ~> Sup_set_def
10313 listsp_meetI ~> listsp_infI
10314 listsp_meet_eq ~> listsp_inf_eq
10316 meet_min ~> inf_min
10317 join_max ~> sup_max
10319 * Added syntactic class "size"; overloaded constant "size" now has
10320 type "'a::size ==> bool"
10322 * Internal reorganisation of `size' of datatypes: size theorems
10323 "foo.size" are no longer subsumed by "foo.simps" (but are still
10324 simplification rules by default!); theorems "prod.size" now named
10327 * Class "div" now inherits from class "times" rather than "type".
10330 * HOL/Finite_Set: "name-space" locales Lattice, Distrib_lattice,
10331 Linorder etc. have disappeared; operations defined in terms of
10332 fold_set now are named Inf_fin, Sup_fin. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10334 * HOL/Nat: neq0_conv no longer declared as iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10336 * HOL-Word: New extensive library and type for generic, fixed size
10337 machine words, with arithmetic, bit-wise, shifting and rotating
10338 operations, reflection into int, nat, and bool lists, automation for
10339 linear arithmetic (by automatic reflection into nat or int), including
10340 lemmas on overflow and monotonicity. Instantiated to all appropriate
10341 arithmetic type classes, supporting automatic simplification of
10342 numerals on all operations.
10344 * Library/Boolean_Algebra: locales for abstract boolean algebras.
10346 * Library/Numeral_Type: numbers as types, e.g. TYPE(32).
10348 * Code generator library theories:
10349 - Code_Integer represents HOL integers by big integer literals in target
10351 - Code_Char represents HOL characters by character literals in target
10353 - Code_Char_chr like Code_Char, but also offers treatment of character
10354 codes; includes Code_Integer.
10355 - Executable_Set allows to generate code for finite sets using lists.
10356 - Executable_Rat implements rational numbers as triples (sign, enumerator,
10358 - Executable_Real implements a subset of real numbers, namly those
10359 representable by rational numbers.
10360 - Efficient_Nat implements natural numbers by integers, which in general will
10361 result in higher efficency; pattern matching with 0/Suc is eliminated;
10362 includes Code_Integer.
10363 - Code_Index provides an additional datatype index which is mapped to
10364 target-language built-in integers.
10365 - Code_Message provides an additional datatype message_string which is isomorphic to
10366 strings; messages are mapped to target-language strings.
10368 * New package for inductive predicates
10370 An n-ary predicate p with m parameters z_1, ..., z_m can now be defined via
10373 p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
10374 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
10376 rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
10379 with full support for type-inference, rather than
10381 consts s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
10383 abbreviation p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
10384 where "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
10386 inductive "s z_1 ... z_m"
10388 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
10391 For backward compatibility, there is a wrapper allowing inductive
10392 sets to be defined with the new package via
10395 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
10396 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
10398 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
10404 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
10405 and p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
10406 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
10408 "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
10409 | rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
10412 if the additional syntax "p ..." is required.
10414 Numerous examples can be found in the subdirectories src/HOL/Auth,
10415 src/HOL/Bali, src/HOL/Induct, and src/HOL/MicroJava.
10419 - Since declaration and definition of inductive sets or predicates
10420 is no longer separated, abbreviations involving the newly
10421 introduced sets or predicates must be specified together with the
10422 introduction rules after the 'where' keyword (see above), rather
10423 than before the actual inductive definition.
10425 - The variables in induction and elimination rules are now
10426 quantified in the order of their occurrence in the introduction
10427 rules, rather than in alphabetical order. Since this may break
10428 some proofs, these proofs either have to be repaired, e.g. by
10429 reordering the variables a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i} in Isar 'case'
10430 statements of the form
10432 case (rule_i a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i})
10434 or the old order of quantification has to be restored by explicitly adding
10435 meta-level quantifiers in the introduction rules, i.e.
10437 | rule_i: "!!a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i}. ... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_i_1 ... t_i_n"
10439 - The format of the elimination rules is now
10441 p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n ==>
10442 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
10447 (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
10448 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
10451 for sets rather than
10453 x : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
10454 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x = (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) ==> ... ==> P)
10457 This may require terms in goals to be expanded to n-tuples
10458 (e.g. using case_tac or simplification with the split_paired_all
10459 rule) before the above elimination rule is applicable.
10461 - The elimination or case analysis rules for (mutually) inductive
10462 sets or predicates are now called "p_1.cases" ... "p_k.cases". The
10463 list of rules "p_1_..._p_k.elims" is no longer available.
10465 * New package "function"/"fun" for general recursive functions,
10466 supporting mutual and nested recursion, definitions in local contexts,
10467 more general pattern matching and partiality. See HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy
10468 for small examples, and the separate tutorial on the function
10469 package. The old recdef "package" is still available as before, but
10470 users are encouraged to use the new package.
10472 * Method "lexicographic_order" automatically synthesizes termination
10473 relations as lexicographic combinations of size measures.
10475 * Case-expressions allow arbitrary constructor-patterns (including
10476 "_") and take their order into account, like in functional
10477 programming. Internally, this is translated into nested
10478 case-expressions; missing cases are added and mapped to the predefined
10479 constant "undefined". In complicated cases printing may no longer show
10480 the original input but the internal form. Lambda-abstractions allow
10481 the same form of pattern matching: "% pat1 => e1 | ..." is an
10482 abbreviation for "%x. case x of pat1 => e1 | ..." where x is a new
10485 * IntDef: The constant "int :: nat => int" has been removed; now "int"
10486 is an abbreviation for "of_nat :: nat => int". The simplification
10487 rules for "of_nat" have been changed to work like "int" did
10488 previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
10489 - "of_nat (Suc m)" simplifies to "1 + of_nat m" instead of "of_nat m + 1"
10490 - of_nat_diff and of_nat_mult are no longer default simp rules
10492 * Method "algebra" solves polynomial equations over (semi)rings using
10493 Groebner bases. The (semi)ring structure is defined by locales and the
10494 tool setup depends on that generic context. Installing the method for
10495 a specific type involves instantiating the locale and possibly adding
10496 declarations for computation on the coefficients. The method is
10497 already instantiated for natural numbers and for the axiomatic class
10498 of idoms with numerals. See also the paper by Chaieb and Wenzel at
10499 CALCULEMUS 2007 for the general principles underlying this
10500 architecture of context-aware proof-tools.
10502 * Method "ferrack" implements quantifier elimination over
10503 special-purpose dense linear orders using locales (analogous to
10504 "algebra"). The method is already installed for class
10505 {ordered_field,recpower,number_ring} which subsumes real, hyperreal,
10508 * Former constant "List.op @" now named "List.append". Use ML
10509 antiquotations @{const_name List.append} or @{term " ... @ ... "} to
10510 circumvent possible incompatibilities when working on ML level.
10512 * primrec: missing cases mapped to "undefined" instead of "arbitrary".
10514 * New function listsum :: 'a list => 'a for arbitrary monoids.
10515 Special syntax: "SUM x <- xs. f x" (and latex variants)
10517 * New syntax for Haskell-like list comprehension (input only), eg.
10518 [(x,y). x <- xs, y <- ys, x ~= y], see also src/HOL/List.thy.
10520 * The special syntax for function "filter" has changed from [x :
10521 xs. P] to [x <- xs. P] to avoid an ambiguity caused by list
10522 comprehension syntax, and for uniformity. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10524 * [a..b] is now defined for arbitrary linear orders. It used to be
10525 defined on nat only, as an abbreviation for [a..<Suc b]
10528 * Renamed lemma "set_take_whileD" to "set_takeWhileD".
10530 * New functions "sorted" and "sort" in src/HOL/List.thy.
10532 * New lemma collection field_simps (an extension of ring_simps) for
10533 manipulating (in)equations involving division. Multiplies with all
10534 denominators that can be proved to be non-zero (in equations) or
10535 positive/negative (in inequations).
10537 * Lemma collections ring_eq_simps, group_eq_simps and ring_distrib
10538 have been improved and renamed to ring_simps, group_simps and
10539 ring_distribs. Removed lemmas field_xyz in theory Ring_and_Field
10540 because they were subsumed by lemmas xyz. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10542 * Theory Library/Commutative_Ring: switched from recdef to function
10543 package; constants add, mul, pow now curried. Infix syntax for
10544 algebraic operations.
10546 * Dropped redundant lemma def_imp_eq in favor of meta_eq_to_obj_eq.
10549 * Dropped redundant lemma if_def2 in favor of if_bool_eq_conj.
10552 * HOL/records: generalised field-update to take a function on the
10553 field rather than the new value: r(|A := x|) is translated to A_update
10554 (K x) r The K-combinator that is internally used is called K_record.
10555 INCOMPATIBILITY: Usage of the plain update functions has to be
10558 * Class "semiring_0" now contains annihilation axioms x * 0 = 0 and 0
10559 * x = 0, which are required for a semiring. Richer structures do not
10560 inherit from semiring_0 anymore, because this property is a theorem
10561 there, not an axiom. INCOMPATIBILITY: In instances of semiring_0,
10562 there is more to prove, but this is mostly trivial.
10564 * Class "recpower" is generalized to arbitrary monoids, not just
10565 commutative semirings. INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to incorporate
10566 commutativity or semiring properties additionally.
10568 * Constant "List.list_all2" in List.thy now uses authentic syntax.
10569 INCOMPATIBILITY: translations containing list_all2 may go wrong,
10570 better use 'abbreviation'.
10572 * Renamed constant "List.op mem" to "List.member". INCOMPATIBILITY.
10574 * Numeral syntax: type 'bin' which was a mere type copy of 'int' has
10575 been abandoned in favour of plain 'int'. INCOMPATIBILITY --
10576 significant changes for setting up numeral syntax for types:
10577 - New constants Numeral.pred and Numeral.succ instead
10578 of former Numeral.bin_pred and Numeral.bin_succ.
10579 - Use integer operations instead of bin_add, bin_mult and so on.
10580 - Numeral simplification theorems named Numeral.numeral_simps instead of Bin_simps.
10581 - ML structure Bin_Simprocs now named Int_Numeral_Base_Simprocs.
10583 See src/HOL/Integ/IntArith.thy for an example setup.
10585 * Command 'normal_form' computes the normal form of a term that may
10586 contain free variables. For example ``normal_form "rev [a, b, c]"''
10587 produces ``[b, c, a]'' (without proof). This command is suitable for
10588 heavy-duty computations because the functions are compiled to ML
10589 first. Correspondingly, a method "normalization" is provided. See
10590 further src/HOL/ex/NormalForm.thy and src/Tools/nbe.ML.
10592 * Alternative iff syntax "A <-> B" for equality on bool (with priority
10593 25 like -->); output depends on the "iff" print_mode, the default is
10594 "A = B" (with priority 50).
10596 * Relations less (<) and less_eq (<=) are also available on type bool.
10597 Modified syntax to disallow nesting without explicit parentheses,
10598 e.g. "(x < y) < z" or "x < (y < z)", but NOT "x < y < z". Potential
10601 * "LEAST x:A. P" expands to "LEAST x. x:A & P" (input only).
10603 * Relation composition operator "op O" now has precedence 75 and binds
10604 stronger than union and intersection. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10606 * The old set interval syntax "{m..n(}" (and relatives) has been
10607 removed. Use "{m..<n}" (and relatives) instead.
10609 * In the context of the assumption "~(s = t)" the Simplifier rewrites
10610 "t = s" to False (by simproc "neq"). INCOMPATIBILITY, consider using
10611 ``declare [[simproc del: neq]]''.
10613 * Simplifier: "m dvd n" where m and n are numbers is evaluated to
10616 * Theorem Cons_eq_map_conv no longer declared as "simp".
10618 * Theorem setsum_mult renamed to setsum_right_distrib.
10620 * Prefer ex1I over ex_ex1I in single-step reasoning, e.g. by the
10623 * Reimplemented methods "sat" and "satx", with several improvements:
10624 goals no longer need to be stated as "<prems> ==> False", equivalences
10625 (i.e. "=" on type bool) are handled, variable names of the form
10626 "lit_<n>" are no longer reserved, significant speedup.
10628 * Methods "sat" and "satx" can now replay MiniSat proof traces.
10629 zChaff is still supported as well.
10631 * 'inductive' and 'datatype': provide projections of mutual rules,
10632 bundled as foo_bar.inducts;
10634 * Library: moved theories Parity, GCD, Binomial, Infinite_Set to
10637 * Library: moved theory Accessible_Part to main HOL.
10639 * Library: added theory Coinductive_List of potentially infinite lists
10640 as greatest fixed-point.
10642 * Library: added theory AssocList which implements (finite) maps as
10645 * Method "evaluation" solves goals (i.e. a boolean expression)
10646 efficiently by compiling it to ML. The goal is "proved" (via an
10647 oracle) if it evaluates to True.
10649 * Linear arithmetic now splits certain operators (e.g. min, max, abs)
10650 also when invoked by the simplifier. This results in the Simplifier
10651 being more powerful on arithmetic goals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10652 Configuration option fast_arith_split_limit=0 recovers the old
10655 * Support for hex (0x20) and binary (0b1001) numerals.
10657 * New method: reify eqs (t), where eqs are equations for an
10658 interpretation I :: 'a list => 'b => 'c and t::'c is an optional
10659 parameter, computes a term s::'b and a list xs::'a list and proves the
10660 theorem I xs s = t. This is also known as reification or quoting. The
10661 resulting theorem is applied to the subgoal to substitute t with I xs
10662 s. If t is omitted, the subgoal itself is reified.
10664 * New method: reflection corr_thm eqs (t). The parameters eqs and (t)
10665 are as explained above. corr_thm is a theorem for I vs (f t) = I vs t,
10666 where f is supposed to be a computable function (in the sense of code
10667 generattion). The method uses reify to compute s and xs as above then
10668 applies corr_thm and uses normalization by evaluation to "prove" f s =
10669 r and finally gets the theorem t = r, which is again applied to the
10670 subgoal. An Example is available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy.
10672 * Reflection: Automatic reification now handels binding, an example is
10673 available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy
10675 * HOL-Statespace: ``State Spaces: The Locale Way'' introduces a
10676 command 'statespace' that is similar to 'record', but introduces an
10677 abstract specification based on the locale infrastructure instead of
10678 HOL types. This leads to extra flexibility in composing state spaces,
10679 in particular multiple inheritance and renaming of components.
10682 *** HOL-Complex ***
10684 * Hyperreal: Functions root and sqrt are now defined on negative real
10685 inputs so that root n (- x) = - root n x and sqrt (- x) = - sqrt x.
10686 Nonnegativity side conditions have been removed from many lemmas, so
10687 that more subgoals may now be solved by simplification; potential
10690 * Real: new type classes formalize real normed vector spaces and
10691 algebras, using new overloaded constants scaleR :: real => 'a => 'a
10692 and norm :: 'a => real.
10694 * Real: constant of_real :: real => 'a::real_algebra_1 injects from
10695 reals into other types. The overloaded constant Reals :: 'a set is now
10696 defined as range of_real; potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
10698 * Real: proper support for ML code generation, including 'quickcheck'.
10699 Reals are implemented as arbitrary precision rationals.
10701 * Hyperreal: Several constants that previously worked only for the
10702 reals have been generalized, so they now work over arbitrary vector
10703 spaces. Type annotations may need to be added in some cases; potential
10706 Infinitesimal :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
10707 HFinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
10708 HInfinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
10709 approx :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star => bool
10710 monad :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
10711 galaxy :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
10712 (NS)LIMSEQ :: [nat => 'a::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
10713 (NS)convergent :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
10714 (NS)Bseq :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
10715 (NS)Cauchy :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
10716 (NS)LIM :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a, 'b] => bool
10717 is(NS)Cont :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
10718 deriv :: ['a::real_normed_field => 'a, 'a, 'a] => bool
10719 sgn :: 'a::real_normed_vector => 'a
10720 exp :: 'a::{recpower,real_normed_field,banach} => 'a
10722 * Complex: Some complex-specific constants are now abbreviations for
10723 overloaded ones: complex_of_real = of_real, cmod = norm, hcmod =
10724 hnorm. Other constants have been entirely removed in favor of the
10725 polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
10728 HFinite <-- CFinite
10729 HInfinite <-- CInfinite
10730 Infinitesimal <-- CInfinitesimal
10733 (NS)LIM <-- (NS)CLIM, (NS)CRLIM
10734 is(NS)Cont <-- is(NS)Contc, is(NS)contCR
10735 (ns)deriv <-- (ns)cderiv
10738 *** HOL-Algebra ***
10740 * Formalisation of ideals and the quotient construction over rings.
10742 * Order and lattice theory no longer based on records.
10745 * Renamed lemmas least_carrier -> least_closed and greatest_carrier ->
10746 greatest_closed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10748 * Method algebra is now set up via an attribute. For examples see
10749 Ring.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY: the method is now weaker on combinations
10750 of algebraic structures.
10752 * Renamed theory CRing to Ring.
10755 *** HOL-Nominal ***
10757 * Substantial, yet incomplete support for nominal datatypes (binding
10758 structures) based on HOL-Nominal logic. See src/HOL/Nominal and
10759 src/HOL/Nominal/Examples. Prospective users should consult
10760 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/nominal/
10765 * ML basics: just one true type int, which coincides with IntInf.int
10768 * ML within Isar: antiquotations allow to embed statically-checked
10769 formal entities in the source, referring to the context available at
10770 compile-time. For example:
10772 ML {* @{sort "{zero,one}"} *}
10773 ML {* @{typ "'a => 'b"} *}
10774 ML {* @{term "%x. x"} *}
10775 ML {* @{prop "x == y"} *}
10776 ML {* @{ctyp "'a => 'b"} *}
10777 ML {* @{cterm "%x. x"} *}
10778 ML {* @{cprop "x == y"} *}
10779 ML {* @{thm asm_rl} *}
10780 ML {* @{thms asm_rl} *}
10781 ML {* @{type_name c} *}
10782 ML {* @{type_syntax c} *}
10783 ML {* @{const_name c} *}
10784 ML {* @{const_syntax c} *}
10785 ML {* @{context} *}
10787 ML {* @{theory Pure} *}
10788 ML {* @{theory_ref} *}
10789 ML {* @{theory_ref Pure} *}
10790 ML {* @{simpset} *}
10792 ML {* @{clasimpset} *}
10794 The same works for sources being ``used'' within an Isar context.
10796 * ML in Isar: improved error reporting; extra verbosity with
10797 ML_Context.trace enabled.
10799 * Pure/General/table.ML: the join operations now works via exceptions
10800 DUP/SAME instead of type option. This is simpler in simple cases, and
10801 admits slightly more efficient complex applications.
10803 * Pure: 'advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) now
10804 use Context.generic instead of just theory.
10806 * Pure: datatype Context.generic joins theory/Proof.context and
10807 provides some facilities for code that works in either kind of
10808 context, notably GenericDataFun for uniform theory and proof data.
10810 * Pure: simplified internal attribute type, which is now always
10811 Context.generic * thm -> Context.generic * thm. Global (theory) vs.
10812 local (Proof.context) attributes have been discontinued, while
10813 minimizing code duplication. Thm.rule_attribute and
10814 Thm.declaration_attribute build canonical attributes; see also structure
10815 Context for further operations on Context.generic, notably
10816 GenericDataFun. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt attribute type
10817 declarations and definitions.
10819 * Context data interfaces (Theory/Proof/GenericDataFun): removed
10820 name/print, uninitialized data defaults to ad-hoc copy of empty value,
10821 init only required for impure data. INCOMPATIBILITY: empty really need
10822 to be empty (no dependencies on theory content!)
10824 * Pure/kernel: consts certification ignores sort constraints given in
10825 signature declarations. (This information is not relevant to the
10826 logic, but only for type inference.) SIGNIFICANT INTERNAL CHANGE,
10827 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
10829 * Pure: axiomatic type classes are now purely definitional, with
10830 explicit proofs of class axioms and super class relations performed
10831 internally. See Pure/axclass.ML for the main internal interfaces --
10832 notably AxClass.define_class supercedes AxClass.add_axclass, and
10833 AxClass.axiomatize_class/classrel/arity supersede
10834 Sign.add_classes/classrel/arities.
10836 * Pure/Isar: Args/Attrib parsers operate on Context.generic --
10837 global/local versions on theory vs. Proof.context have been
10838 discontinued; Attrib.syntax and Method.syntax have been adapted
10839 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt parser expressions for
10840 attributes, methods, etc.
10842 * Pure: several functions of signature "... -> theory -> theory * ..."
10843 have been reoriented to "... -> theory -> ... * theory" in order to
10844 allow natural usage in combination with the ||>, ||>>, |-> and
10845 fold_map combinators.
10847 * Pure: official theorem names (closed derivations) and additional
10848 comments (tags) are now strictly separate. Name hints -- which are
10849 maintained as tags -- may be attached any time without affecting the
10852 * Pure: primitive rule lift_rule now takes goal cterm instead of an
10853 actual goal state (thm). Use Thm.lift_rule (Thm.cprem_of st i) to
10854 achieve the old behaviour.
10856 * Pure: the "Goal" constant is now called "prop", supporting a
10857 slightly more general idea of ``protecting'' meta-level rule
10860 * Pure: Logic.(un)varify only works in a global context, which is now
10861 enforced instead of silently assumed. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use
10862 Logic.legacy_(un)varify as temporary workaround.
10864 * Pure: structure Name provides scalable operations for generating
10865 internal variable names, notably Name.variants etc. This replaces
10866 some popular functions from term.ML:
10868 Term.variant -> Name.variant
10869 Term.variantlist -> Name.variant_list
10870 Term.invent_names -> Name.invent_list
10872 Note that low-level renaming rarely occurs in new code -- operations
10873 from structure Variable are used instead (see below).
10875 * Pure: structure Variable provides fundamental operations for proper
10876 treatment of fixed/schematic variables in a context. For example,
10877 Variable.import introduces fixes for schematics of given facts and
10878 Variable.export reverses the effect (up to renaming) -- this replaces
10879 various freeze_thaw operations.
10881 * Pure: structure Goal provides simple interfaces for
10882 init/conclude/finish and tactical prove operations (replacing former
10883 Tactic.prove). Goal.prove is the canonical way to prove results
10884 within a given context; Goal.prove_global is a degraded version for
10885 theory level goals, including a global Drule.standard. Note that
10886 OldGoals.prove_goalw_cterm has long been obsolete, since it is
10887 ill-behaved in a local proof context (e.g. with local fixes/assumes or
10888 in a locale context).
10890 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for parsing (Syntax.parse_term etc.)
10891 and type checking (Syntax.check_term etc.), with common combinations
10892 (Syntax.read_term etc.). These supersede former Sign.read_term etc.
10893 which are considered legacy and await removal.
10895 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for type unchecking
10896 (Syntax.uncheck_terms etc.) and unparsing (Syntax.unparse_term etc.),
10897 with common combinations (Syntax.pretty_term, Syntax.string_of_term
10898 etc.). Former Sign.pretty_term, Sign.string_of_term etc. are still
10899 available for convenience, but refer to the very same operations using
10900 a mere theory instead of a full context.
10902 * Isar: simplified treatment of user-level errors, using exception
10903 ERROR of string uniformly. Function error now merely raises ERROR,
10904 without any side effect on output channels. The Isar toplevel takes
10905 care of proper display of ERROR exceptions. ML code may use plain
10906 handle/can/try; cat_error may be used to concatenate errors like this:
10908 ... handle ERROR msg => cat_error msg "..."
10910 Toplevel ML code (run directly or through the Isar toplevel) may be
10911 embedded into the Isar toplevel with exception display/debug like
10914 Isar.toplevel (fn () => ...)
10916 INCOMPATIBILITY, removed special transform_error facilities, removed
10917 obsolete variants of user-level exceptions (ERROR_MESSAGE,
10918 Context.PROOF, ProofContext.CONTEXT, Proof.STATE, ProofHistory.FAIL)
10919 -- use plain ERROR instead.
10921 * Isar: theory setup now has type (theory -> theory), instead of a
10922 list. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use #> to compose setup functions.
10924 * Isar: ML toplevel pretty printer for type Proof.context, subject to
10925 ProofContext.debug/verbose flags.
10927 * Isar: Toplevel.theory_to_proof admits transactions that modify the
10928 theory before entering a proof state. Transactions now always see a
10929 quasi-functional intermediate checkpoint, both in interactive and
10932 * Isar: simplified interfaces for outer syntax. Renamed
10933 OuterSyntax.add_keywords to OuterSyntax.keywords. Removed
10934 OuterSyntax.add_parsers -- this functionality is now included in
10935 OuterSyntax.command etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
10937 * Simplifier: the simpset of a running simplification process now
10938 contains a proof context (cf. Simplifier.the_context), which is the
10939 very context that the initial simpset has been retrieved from (by
10940 simpset_of/local_simpset_of). Consequently, all plug-in components
10941 (solver, looper etc.) may depend on arbitrary proof data.
10943 * Simplifier.inherit_context inherits the proof context (plus the
10944 local bounds) of the current simplification process; any simproc
10945 etc. that calls the Simplifier recursively should do this! Removed
10946 former Simplifier.inherit_bounds, which is already included here --
10947 INCOMPATIBILITY. Tools based on low-level rewriting may even have to
10948 specify an explicit context using Simplifier.context/theory_context.
10950 * Simplifier/Classical Reasoner: more abstract interfaces
10951 change_simpset/claset for modifying the simpset/claset reference of a
10952 theory; raw versions simpset/claset_ref etc. have been discontinued --
10955 * Provers: more generic wrt. syntax of object-logics, avoid hardwired
10961 * settings: the default heap location within ISABELLE_HOME_USER now
10962 includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER. This simplifies use of multiple
10963 Isabelle installations.
10965 * isabelle-process: option -S (secure mode) disables some critical
10966 operations, notably runtime compilation and evaluation of ML source
10969 * Basic Isabelle mode for jEdit, see Isabelle/lib/jedit/.
10971 * Support for parallel execution, using native multicore support of
10972 Poly/ML 5.1. The theory loader exploits parallelism when processing
10973 independent theories, according to the given theory header
10974 specifications. The maximum number of worker threads is specified via
10975 usedir option -M or the "max-threads" setting in Proof General. A
10976 speedup factor of 1.5--3.5 can be expected on a 4-core machine, and up
10977 to 6 on a 8-core machine. User-code needs to observe certain
10978 guidelines for thread-safe programming, see appendix A in the Isar
10979 Implementation manual.
10983 New in Isabelle2005 (October 2005)
10984 ----------------------------------
10988 * Theory headers: the new header syntax for Isar theories is
10991 imports <theory1> ... <theoryN>
10992 uses <file1> ... <fileM>
10995 where the 'uses' part is optional. The previous syntax
10997 theory <name> = <theory1> + ... + <theoryN>:
10999 will disappear in the next release. Use isatool fixheaders to convert
11000 existing theory files. Note that there is no change in ancient
11001 non-Isar theories now, but these will disappear soon.
11003 * Theory loader: parent theories can now also be referred to via
11004 relative and absolute paths.
11006 * Command 'find_theorems' searches for a list of criteria instead of a
11007 list of constants. Known criteria are: intro, elim, dest, name:string,
11008 simp:term, and any term. Criteria can be preceded by '-' to select
11009 theorems that do not match. Intro, elim, dest select theorems that
11010 match the current goal, name:s selects theorems whose fully qualified
11011 name contain s, and simp:term selects all simplification rules whose
11012 lhs match term. Any other term is interpreted as pattern and selects
11013 all theorems matching the pattern. Available in ProofGeneral under
11014 'ProofGeneral -> Find Theorems' or C-c C-f. Example:
11016 C-c C-f (100) "(_::nat) + _ + _" intro -name: "HOL."
11018 prints the last 100 theorems matching the pattern "(_::nat) + _ + _",
11019 matching the current goal as introduction rule and not having "HOL."
11020 in their name (i.e. not being defined in theory HOL).
11022 * Command 'thms_containing' has been discontinued in favour of
11023 'find_theorems'; INCOMPATIBILITY.
11025 * Communication with Proof General is now 8bit clean, which means that
11026 Unicode text in UTF-8 encoding may be used within theory texts (both
11027 formal and informal parts). Cf. option -U of the Isabelle Proof
11028 General interface. Here are some simple examples (cf. src/HOL/ex):
11030 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Hebrew.html
11031 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Chinese.html
11033 * Improved efficiency of the Simplifier and, to a lesser degree, the
11034 Classical Reasoner. Typical big applications run around 2 times
11038 *** Document preparation ***
11040 * Commands 'display_drafts' and 'print_drafts' perform simple output
11041 of raw sources. Only those symbols that do not require additional
11042 LaTeX packages (depending on comments in isabellesym.sty) are
11043 displayed properly, everything else is left verbatim. isatool display
11044 and isatool print are used as front ends (these are subject to the
11045 DVI/PDF_VIEWER and PRINT_COMMAND settings, respectively).
11047 * Command tags control specific markup of certain regions of text,
11048 notably folding and hiding. Predefined tags include "theory" (for
11049 theory begin and end), "proof" for proof commands, and "ML" for
11050 commands involving ML code; the additional tags "visible" and
11051 "invisible" are unused by default. Users may give explicit tag
11052 specifications in the text, e.g. ''by %invisible (auto)''. The
11053 interpretation of tags is determined by the LaTeX job during document
11054 preparation: see option -V of isatool usedir, or options -n and -t of
11055 isatool document, or even the LaTeX macros \isakeeptag, \isafoldtag,
11058 Several document versions may be produced at the same time via isatool
11059 usedir (the generated index.html will link all of them). Typical
11060 specifications include ''-V document=theory,proof,ML'' to present
11061 theory/proof/ML parts faithfully, ''-V outline=/proof,/ML'' to fold
11062 proof and ML commands, and ''-V mutilated=-theory,-proof,-ML'' to omit
11063 these parts without any formal replacement text. The Isabelle site
11064 default settings produce ''document'' and ''outline'' versions as
11067 * Several new antiquotations:
11069 @{term_type term} prints a term with its type annotated;
11071 @{typeof term} prints the type of a term;
11073 @{const const} is the same as @{term const}, but checks that the
11074 argument is a known logical constant;
11076 @{term_style style term} and @{thm_style style thm} print a term or
11077 theorem applying a "style" to it
11081 Predefined styles are 'lhs' and 'rhs' printing the lhs/rhs of
11082 definitions, equations, inequations etc., 'concl' printing only the
11083 conclusion of a meta-logical statement theorem, and 'prem1' .. 'prem19'
11084 to print the specified premise. TermStyle.add_style provides an ML
11085 interface for introducing further styles. See also the "LaTeX Sugar"
11086 document practical applications. The ML antiquotation prints
11087 type-checked ML expressions verbatim.
11089 * Markup commands 'chapter', 'section', 'subsection', 'subsubsection',
11090 and 'text' support optional locale specification '(in loc)', which
11091 specifies the default context for interpreting antiquotations. For
11092 example: 'text (in lattice) {* @{thm inf_assoc}*}'.
11094 * Option 'locale=NAME' of antiquotations specifies an alternative
11095 context interpreting the subsequent argument. For example: @{thm
11096 [locale=lattice] inf_assoc}.
11098 * Proper output of proof terms (@{prf ...} and @{full_prf ...}) within
11101 * Proper output of antiquotations for theory commands involving a
11102 proof context (such as 'locale' or 'theorem (in loc) ...').
11104 * Delimiters of outer tokens (string etc.) now produce separate LaTeX
11105 macros (\isachardoublequoteopen, isachardoublequoteclose etc.).
11107 * isatool usedir: new option -C (default true) controls whether option
11108 -D should include a copy of the original document directory; -C false
11109 prevents unwanted effects such as copying of administrative CVS data.
11114 * Considerably improved version of 'constdefs' command. Now performs
11115 automatic type-inference of declared constants; additional support for
11116 local structure declarations (cf. locales and HOL records), see also
11117 isar-ref manual. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to observe strictly
11118 sequential dependencies of definitions within a single 'constdefs'
11119 section; moreover, the declared name needs to be an identifier. If
11120 all fails, consider to fall back on 'consts' and 'defs' separately.
11122 * Improved indexed syntax and implicit structures. First of all,
11123 indexed syntax provides a notational device for subscripted
11124 application, using the new syntax \<^bsub>term\<^esub> for arbitrary
11125 expressions. Secondly, in a local context with structure
11126 declarations, number indexes \<^sub>n or the empty index (default
11127 number 1) refer to a certain fixed variable implicitly; option
11128 show_structs controls printing of implicit structures. Typical
11129 applications of these concepts involve record types and locales.
11131 * New command 'no_syntax' removes grammar declarations (and
11132 translations) resulting from the given syntax specification, which is
11133 interpreted in the same manner as for the 'syntax' command.
11135 * 'Advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) may depend
11136 on the signature of the theory context being presently used for
11137 parsing/printing, see also isar-ref manual.
11139 * Improved 'oracle' command provides a type-safe interface to turn an
11140 ML expression of type theory -> T -> term into a primitive rule of
11141 type theory -> T -> thm (i.e. the functionality of Thm.invoke_oracle
11142 is already included here); see also FOL/ex/IffExample.thy;
11145 * axclass: name space prefix for class "c" is now "c_class" (was "c"
11146 before); "cI" is no longer bound, use "c.intro" instead.
11147 INCOMPATIBILITY. This change avoids clashes of fact bindings for
11148 axclasses vs. locales.
11150 * Improved internal renaming of symbolic identifiers -- attach primes
11151 instead of base 26 numbers.
11153 * New flag show_question_marks controls printing of leading question
11154 marks in schematic variable names.
11156 * In schematic variable names, *any* symbol following \<^isub> or
11157 \<^isup> is now treated as part of the base name. For example, the
11158 following works without printing of awkward ".0" indexes:
11160 lemma "x\<^isub>1 = x\<^isub>2 ==> x\<^isub>2 = x\<^isub>1"
11163 * Inner syntax includes (*(*nested*) comments*).
11165 * Pretty printer now supports unbreakable blocks, specified in mixfix
11166 annotations as "(00...)".
11168 * Clear separation of logical types and nonterminals, where the latter
11169 may only occur in 'syntax' specifications or type abbreviations.
11170 Before that distinction was only partially implemented via type class
11171 "logic" vs. "{}". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in rare cases of improper
11172 use of 'types'/'consts' instead of 'nonterminals'/'syntax'. Some very
11173 exotic syntax specifications may require further adaption
11174 (e.g. Cube/Cube.thy).
11176 * Removed obsolete type class "logic", use the top sort {} instead.
11177 Note that non-logical types should be declared as 'nonterminals'
11178 rather than 'types'. INCOMPATIBILITY for new object-logic
11181 * Attributes 'induct' and 'cases': type or set names may now be
11182 locally fixed variables as well.
11184 * Simplifier: can now control the depth to which conditional rewriting
11185 is traced via the PG menu Isabelle -> Settings -> Trace Simp Depth
11188 * Simplifier: simplification procedures may now take the current
11189 simpset into account (cf. Simplifier.simproc(_i) / mk_simproc
11190 interface), which is very useful for calling the Simplifier
11191 recursively. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: the 'prems' argument of simprocs
11192 is gone -- use prems_of_ss on the simpset instead. Moreover, the
11193 low-level mk_simproc no longer applies Logic.varify internally, to
11194 allow for use in a context of fixed variables.
11196 * thin_tac now works even if the assumption being deleted contains !!
11197 or ==>. More generally, erule now works even if the major premise of
11198 the elimination rule contains !! or ==>.
11200 * Method 'rules' has been renamed to 'iprover'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
11202 * Reorganized bootstrapping of the Pure theories; CPure is now derived
11203 from Pure, which contains all common declarations already. Both
11204 theories are defined via plain Isabelle/Isar .thy files.
11205 INCOMPATIBILITY: elements of CPure (such as the CPure.intro /
11206 CPure.elim / CPure.dest attributes) now appear in the Pure name space;
11207 use isatool fixcpure to adapt your theory and ML sources.
11209 * New syntax 'name(i-j, i-, i, ...)' for referring to specific
11210 selections of theorems in named facts via index ranges.
11212 * 'print_theorems': in theory mode, really print the difference
11213 wrt. the last state (works for interactive theory development only),
11214 in proof mode print all local facts (cf. 'print_facts');
11216 * 'hide': option '(open)' hides only base names.
11218 * More efficient treatment of intermediate checkpoints in interactive
11219 theory development.
11221 * Code generator is now invoked via code_module (incremental code
11222 generation) and code_library (modular code generation, ML structures
11223 for each theory). INCOMPATIBILITY: new keywords 'file' and 'contains'
11224 must be quoted when used as identifiers.
11226 * New 'value' command for reading, evaluating and printing terms using
11227 the code generator. INCOMPATIBILITY: command keyword 'value' must be
11228 quoted when used as identifier.
11233 * New commands for the interpretation of locale expressions in
11234 theories (1), locales (2) and proof contexts (3). These generate
11235 proof obligations from the expression specification. After the
11236 obligations have been discharged, theorems of the expression are added
11237 to the theory, target locale or proof context. The synopsis of the
11238 commands is a follows:
11240 (1) interpretation expr inst
11241 (2) interpretation target < expr
11242 (3) interpret expr inst
11244 Interpretation in theories and proof contexts require a parameter
11245 instantiation of terms from the current context. This is applied to
11246 specifications and theorems of the interpreted expression.
11247 Interpretation in locales only permits parameter renaming through the
11248 locale expression. Interpretation is smart in that interpretations
11249 that are active already do not occur in proof obligations, neither are
11250 instantiated theorems stored in duplicate. Use 'print_interps' to
11251 inspect active interpretations of a particular locale. For details,
11252 see the Isar Reference manual. Examples can be found in
11253 HOL/Finite_Set.thy and HOL/Algebra/UnivPoly.thy.
11255 INCOMPATIBILITY: former 'instantiate' has been withdrawn, use
11256 'interpret' instead.
11258 * New context element 'constrains' for adding type constraints to
11261 * Context expressions: renaming of parameters with syntax
11264 * Locale declaration: 'includes' disallowed.
11266 * Proper static binding of attribute syntax -- i.e. types / terms /
11267 facts mentioned as arguments are always those of the locale definition
11268 context, independently of the context of later invocations. Moreover,
11269 locale operations (renaming and type / term instantiation) are applied
11270 to attribute arguments as expected.
11272 INCOMPATIBILITY of the ML interface: always pass Attrib.src instead of
11273 actual attributes; rare situations may require Attrib.attribute to
11274 embed those attributes into Attrib.src that lack concrete syntax.
11275 Attribute implementations need to cooperate properly with the static
11276 binding mechanism. Basic parsers Args.XXX_typ/term/prop and
11277 Attrib.XXX_thm etc. already do the right thing without further
11278 intervention. Only unusual applications -- such as "where" or "of"
11279 (cf. src/Pure/Isar/attrib.ML), which process arguments depending both
11280 on the context and the facts involved -- may have to assign parsed
11281 values to argument tokens explicitly.
11283 * Changed parameter management in theorem generation for long goal
11284 statements with 'includes'. INCOMPATIBILITY: produces a different
11285 theorem statement in rare situations.
11287 * Locale inspection command 'print_locale' omits notes elements. Use
11288 'print_locale!' to have them included in the output.
11293 * Provers/hypsubst.ML: improved version of the subst method, for
11294 single-step rewriting: it now works in bound variable contexts. New is
11295 'subst (asm)', for rewriting an assumption. INCOMPATIBILITY: may
11296 rewrite a different subterm than the original subst method, which is
11297 still available as 'simplesubst'.
11299 * Provers/quasi.ML: new transitivity reasoners for transitivity only
11302 * Provers/trancl.ML: new transitivity reasoner for transitive and
11303 reflexive-transitive closure of relations.
11305 * Provers/blast.ML: new reference depth_limit to make blast's depth
11306 limit (previously hard-coded with a value of 20) user-definable.
11308 * Provers/simplifier.ML has been moved to Pure, where Simplifier.setup
11309 is peformed already. Object-logics merely need to finish their
11310 initial simpset configuration as before. INCOMPATIBILITY.
11315 * Symbolic syntax of Hilbert Choice Operator is now as follows:
11318 "_Eps" :: "[pttrn, bool] => 'a" ("(3\<some>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)
11320 The symbol \<some> is displayed as the alternative epsilon of LaTeX
11321 and x-symbol; use option '-m epsilon' to get it actually printed.
11322 Moreover, the mathematically important symbolic identifier \<epsilon>
11323 becomes available as variable, constant etc. INCOMPATIBILITY,
11325 * "x > y" abbreviates "y < x" and "x >= y" abbreviates "y <= x".
11326 Similarly for all quantifiers: "ALL x > y" etc. The x-symbol for >=
11327 is \<ge>. New transitivity rules have been added to HOL/Orderings.thy to
11328 support corresponding Isar calculations.
11330 * "{x:A. P}" abbreviates "{x. x:A & P}", and similarly for "\<in>"
11333 * theory SetInterval: changed the syntax for open intervals:
11342 The old syntax is still supported but will disappear in the next
11343 release. For conversion use the following Emacs search and replace
11344 patterns (these are not perfect but work quite well):
11346 {)\([^\.]*\)\.\. -> {\1<\.\.}
11347 \.\.\([^(}]*\)(} -> \.\.<\1}
11349 * Theory Commutative_Ring (in Library): method comm_ring for proving
11350 equalities in commutative rings; method 'algebra' provides a generic
11353 * Theory Finite_Set: changed the syntax for 'setsum', summation over
11354 finite sets: "setsum (%x. e) A", which used to be "\<Sum>x:A. e", is
11355 now either "SUM x:A. e" or "\<Sum>x \<in> A. e". The bound variable can
11356 be a tuple pattern.
11358 Some new syntax forms are available:
11360 "\<Sum>x | P. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {x. P}"
11361 "\<Sum>x = a..b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..b}"
11362 "\<Sum>x = a..<b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..<b}"
11363 "\<Sum>x < k. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {..<k}"
11365 The latter form "\<Sum>x < k. e" used to be based on a separate
11366 function "Summation", which has been discontinued.
11368 * theory Finite_Set: in structured induction proofs, the insert case
11369 is now 'case (insert x F)' instead of the old counterintuitive 'case
11372 * The 'refute' command has been extended to support a much larger
11373 fragment of HOL, including axiomatic type classes, constdefs and
11374 typedefs, inductive datatypes and recursion.
11376 * New tactics 'sat' and 'satx' to prove propositional tautologies.
11377 Requires zChaff with proof generation to be installed. See
11378 HOL/ex/SAT_Examples.thy for examples.
11380 * Datatype induction via method 'induct' now preserves the name of the
11381 induction variable. For example, when proving P(xs::'a list) by
11382 induction on xs, the induction step is now P(xs) ==> P(a#xs) rather
11383 than P(list) ==> P(a#list) as previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
11384 in unstructured proof scripts.
11386 * Reworked implementation of records. Improved scalability for
11387 records with many fields, avoiding performance problems for type
11388 inference. Records are no longer composed of nested field types, but
11389 of nested extension types. Therefore the record type only grows linear
11390 in the number of extensions and not in the number of fields. The
11391 top-level (users) view on records is preserved. Potential
11392 INCOMPATIBILITY only in strange cases, where the theory depends on the
11393 old record representation. The type generated for a record is called
11394 <record_name>_ext_type.
11396 Flag record_quick_and_dirty_sensitive can be enabled to skip the
11397 proofs triggered by a record definition or a simproc (if
11398 quick_and_dirty is enabled). Definitions of large records can take
11401 New simproc record_upd_simproc for simplification of multiple record
11402 updates enabled by default. Moreover, trivial updates are also
11403 removed: r(|x := x r|) = r. INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break
11404 occasionally, since simplification is more powerful by default.
11406 * typedef: proper support for polymorphic sets, which contain extra
11407 type-variables in the term.
11409 * Simplifier: automatically reasons about transitivity chains
11410 involving "trancl" (r^+) and "rtrancl" (r^*) by setting up tactics
11411 provided by Provers/trancl.ML as additional solvers. INCOMPATIBILITY:
11412 old proofs break occasionally as simplification may now solve more
11413 goals than previously.
11415 * Simplifier: converts x <= y into x = y if assumption y <= x is
11416 present. Works for all partial orders (class "order"), in particular
11417 numbers and sets. For linear orders (e.g. numbers) it treats ~ x < y
11420 * Simplifier: new simproc for "let x = a in f x". If a is a free or
11421 bound variable or a constant then the let is unfolded. Otherwise
11422 first a is simplified to b, and then f b is simplified to g. If
11423 possible we abstract b from g arriving at "let x = b in h x",
11424 otherwise we unfold the let and arrive at g. The simproc can be
11425 enabled/disabled by the reference use_let_simproc. Potential
11426 INCOMPATIBILITY since simplification is more powerful by default.
11428 * Classical reasoning: the meson method now accepts theorems as arguments.
11430 * Prover support: pre-release of the Isabelle-ATP linkup, which runs background
11431 jobs to provide advice on the provability of subgoals.
11433 * Theory OrderedGroup and Ring_and_Field: various additions and
11434 improvements to faciliate calculations involving equalities and
11437 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
11440 abs_eq now named abs_of_nonneg
11441 abs_of_ge_0 now named abs_of_nonneg
11442 abs_minus_eq now named abs_of_nonpos
11443 imp_abs_id now named abs_of_nonneg
11444 imp_abs_neg_id now named abs_of_nonpos
11445 mult_pos now named mult_pos_pos
11446 mult_pos_le now named mult_nonneg_nonneg
11447 mult_pos_neg_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos
11448 mult_pos_neg2_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos2
11449 mult_neg now named mult_neg_neg
11450 mult_neg_le now named mult_nonpos_nonpos
11452 * The following lemmas in Ring_and_Field have been added to the simplifier:
11455 not_square_less_zero
11457 The following lemmas have been deleted from Real/RealPow:
11467 * Theory Parity: added rules for simplifying exponents.
11471 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
11474 list_all_Nil now named list_all.simps(1)
11475 list_all_Cons now named list_all.simps(2)
11476 list_all_conv now named list_all_iff
11477 set_mem_eq now named mem_iff
11479 * Theories SetsAndFunctions and BigO (see HOL/Library) support
11480 asymptotic "big O" calculations. See the notes in BigO.thy.
11483 *** HOL-Complex ***
11485 * Theory RealDef: better support for embedding natural numbers and
11486 integers in the reals.
11488 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
11491 exp_ge_add_one_self now requires no hypotheses
11492 real_of_int_add reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
11493 real_of_int_minus reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
11494 real_of_int_diff reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
11495 real_of_int_mult reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
11497 * Theory RComplete: expanded support for floor and ceiling functions.
11499 * Theory Ln is new, with properties of the natural logarithm
11501 * Hyperreal: There is a new type constructor "star" for making
11502 nonstandard types. The old type names are now type synonyms:
11504 hypreal = real star
11506 hcomplex = complex star
11508 * Hyperreal: Many groups of similarly-defined constants have been
11509 replaced by polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
11511 star_of <-- hypreal_of_real, hypnat_of_nat, hcomplex_of_complex
11513 starset <-- starsetNat, starsetC
11514 *s* <-- *sNat*, *sc*
11515 starset_n <-- starsetNat_n, starsetC_n
11516 *sn* <-- *sNatn*, *scn*
11517 InternalSets <-- InternalNatSets, InternalCSets
11519 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
11520 *f* <-- *fNat*, *fNat2*, *fc*, *fRc*, *fcR*
11521 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n
11522 *fn* <-- *fNatn*, *fNat2n*, *fcn*, *fRcn*, *fcRn*
11523 InternalFuns <-- InternalNatFuns, InternalNatFuns2, Internal{C,RC,CR}Funs
11525 * Hyperreal: Many type-specific theorems have been removed in favor of
11526 theorems specific to various axiomatic type classes (INCOMPATIBILITY):
11528 add_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_commute
11529 add_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_assocs
11530 OrderedGroup.add_0 <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_zero_left
11531 OrderedGroup.add_0_right <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_zero_right
11532 right_minus <-- hypreal_add_minus
11533 left_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_minus_left
11534 mult_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_commute
11535 mult_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_assoc
11536 mult_1_left <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_1, hcomplex_mult_one_left
11537 mult_1_right <-- hcomplex_mult_one_right
11538 mult_zero_left <-- hcomplex_mult_zero_left
11539 left_distrib <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_mult_distrib
11540 right_distrib <-- hypnat_add_mult_distrib2
11541 zero_neq_one <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_not_eq_one
11542 right_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse
11543 left_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse_left, hcomplex_mult_inv_left
11544 order_refl <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_refl
11545 order_trans <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_trans
11546 order_antisym <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_anti_sym
11547 order_less_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less_le
11548 linorder_linear <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_linear
11549 add_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_add_left_mono
11550 mult_strict_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_less_mono2
11551 add_nonneg_nonneg <-- hypreal_le_add_order
11553 * Hyperreal: Separate theorems having to do with type-specific
11554 versions of constants have been merged into theorems that apply to the
11555 new polymorphic constants (INCOMPATIBILITY):
11557 STAR_UNIV_set <-- {STAR_real,NatStar_real,STARC_complex}_set
11558 STAR_empty_set <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_empty_set
11559 STAR_Un <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Un
11560 STAR_Int <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Int
11561 STAR_Compl <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Compl
11562 STAR_subset <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_subset
11563 STAR_mem <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_mem
11564 STAR_mem_Compl <-- {STAR,STARC}_mem_Compl
11565 STAR_diff <-- {STAR,STARC}_diff
11566 STAR_star_of_image_subset <-- {STAR_hypreal_of_real, NatStar_hypreal_of_real,
11567 STARC_hcomplex_of_complex}_image_subset
11568 starset_n_Un <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Un
11569 starset_n_Int <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Int
11570 starset_n_Compl <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Compl
11571 starset_n_diff <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_diff
11572 InternalSets_Un <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Un
11573 InternalSets_Int <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Int
11574 InternalSets_Compl <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Compl
11575 InternalSets_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_diff
11576 InternalSets_UNIV_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_UNIV_diff
11577 InternalSets_starset_n <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_starset{Nat,C}_n
11578 starset_starset_n_eq <-- starset{Nat,C}_starset{Nat,C}_n_eq
11579 starset_n_starset <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_starset{Nat,C}
11580 starfun_n_starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n_starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
11581 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
11582 starfun_mult <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_mult
11583 starfun_add <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_add
11584 starfun_minus <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_minus
11585 starfun_diff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_diff
11586 starfun_o <-- starfun{NatNat2,Nat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o
11587 starfun_o2 <-- starfun{NatNat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o2
11588 starfun_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_const_fun
11589 starfun_inverse <-- starfun{Nat,C,RC,CR}_inverse
11590 starfun_eq <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_eq
11591 starfun_eq_iff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_eq_iff
11592 starfun_Id <-- starfunC_Id
11593 starfun_approx <-- starfun{Nat,CR}_approx
11594 starfun_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_capprox
11595 starfun_abs <-- starfunNat_rabs
11596 starfun_lambda_cancel <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel
11597 starfun_lambda_cancel2 <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel2
11598 starfun_mult_HFinite_approx <-- starfunCR_mult_HFinite_capprox
11599 starfun_mult_CFinite_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_mult_CFinite_capprox
11600 starfun_add_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_add_capprox
11601 starfun_add_approx <-- starfunCR_add_approx
11602 starfun_inverse_inverse <-- starfunC_inverse_inverse
11603 starfun_divide <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_divide
11604 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n
11605 starfun_n_mult <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_mult
11606 starfun_n_add <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_add
11607 starfun_n_add_minus <-- starfunNat_n_add_minus
11608 starfun_n_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_const_fun
11609 starfun_n_minus <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_minus
11610 starfun_n_eq <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_eq
11612 star_n_add <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add
11613 star_n_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_minus
11614 star_n_diff <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_diff
11615 star_n_mult <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_mult
11616 star_n_inverse <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_inverse
11617 star_n_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le
11618 star_n_less <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less
11619 star_n_zero_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_num
11620 star_n_one_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_one_num
11621 star_n_abs <-- hypreal_hrabs
11622 star_n_divide <-- hcomplex_divide
11624 star_of_add <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_add
11625 star_of_minus <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_minus
11626 star_of_diff <-- hypreal_of_real_diff
11627 star_of_mult <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_mult
11628 star_of_one <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_one
11629 star_of_zero <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_zero
11630 star_of_le <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_le_iff
11631 star_of_less <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_less_iff
11632 star_of_eq <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_eq_iff
11633 star_of_inverse <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_inverse
11634 star_of_divide <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_divide
11635 star_of_of_nat <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_nat
11636 star_of_of_int <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_int
11637 star_of_number_of <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_number_of
11638 star_of_number_less <-- number_of_less_hypreal_of_real_iff
11639 star_of_number_le <-- number_of_le_hypreal_of_real_iff
11640 star_of_eq_number <-- hypreal_of_real_eq_number_of_iff
11641 star_of_less_number <-- hypreal_of_real_less_number_of_iff
11642 star_of_le_number <-- hypreal_of_real_le_number_of_iff
11643 star_of_power <-- hypreal_of_real_power
11644 star_of_eq_0 <-- hcomplex_of_complex_zero_iff
11646 * Hyperreal: new method "transfer" that implements the transfer
11647 principle of nonstandard analysis. With a subgoal that mentions
11648 nonstandard types like "'a star", the command "apply transfer"
11649 replaces it with an equivalent one that mentions only standard types.
11650 To be successful, all free variables must have standard types; non-
11651 standard variables must have explicit universal quantifiers.
11653 * Hyperreal: A theory of Taylor series.
11658 * Discontinued special version of 'constdefs' (which used to support
11659 continuous functions) in favor of the general Pure one with full
11662 * New simplification procedure for solving continuity conditions; it
11663 is much faster on terms with many nested lambda abstractions (cubic
11664 instead of exponential time).
11666 * New syntax for domain package: selector names are now optional.
11667 Parentheses should be omitted unless argument is lazy, for example:
11669 domain 'a stream = cons "'a" (lazy "'a stream")
11671 * New command 'fixrec' for defining recursive functions with pattern
11672 matching; defining multiple functions with mutual recursion is also
11673 supported. Patterns may include the constants cpair, spair, up, sinl,
11674 sinr, or any data constructor defined by the domain package. The given
11675 equations are proven as rewrite rules. See HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
11676 syntax and examples.
11678 * New commands 'cpodef' and 'pcpodef' for defining predicate subtypes
11679 of cpo and pcpo types. Syntax is exactly like the 'typedef' command,
11680 but the proof obligation additionally includes an admissibility
11681 requirement. The packages generate instances of class cpo or pcpo,
11682 with continuity and strictness theorems for Rep and Abs.
11684 * HOLCF: Many theorems have been renamed according to a more standard naming
11685 scheme (INCOMPATIBILITY):
11687 foo_inject: "foo$x = foo$y ==> x = y"
11688 foo_eq: "(foo$x = foo$y) = (x = y)"
11689 foo_less: "(foo$x << foo$y) = (x << y)"
11690 foo_strict: "foo$UU = UU"
11691 foo_defined: "... ==> foo$x ~= UU"
11692 foo_defined_iff: "(foo$x = UU) = (x = UU)"
11697 * ZF/ex: theories Group and Ring provide examples in abstract algebra,
11698 including the First Isomorphism Theorem (on quotienting by the kernel
11699 of a homomorphism).
11701 * ZF/Simplifier: install second copy of type solver that actually
11702 makes use of TC rules declared to Isar proof contexts (or locales);
11703 the old version is still required for ML proof scripts.
11708 * Converted to Isar theory format; use locales instead of axiomatic
11714 * Pure/library.ML: added ##>, ##>>, #>> -- higher-order counterparts
11715 for ||>, ||>>, |>>,
11717 * Pure/library.ML no longer defines its own option datatype, but uses
11718 that of the SML basis, which has constructors NONE and SOME instead of
11719 None and Some, as well as exception Option.Option instead of OPTION.
11720 The functions the, if_none, is_some, is_none have been adapted
11721 accordingly, while Option.map replaces apsome.
11723 * Pure/library.ML: the exception LIST has been given up in favour of
11724 the standard exceptions Empty and Subscript, as well as
11725 Library.UnequalLengths. Function like Library.hd and Library.tl are
11726 superceded by the standard hd and tl functions etc.
11728 A number of basic list functions are no longer exported to the ML
11729 toplevel, as they are variants of predefined functions. The following
11730 suggests how one can translate existing code:
11732 rev_append xs ys = List.revAppend (xs, ys)
11733 nth_elem (i, xs) = List.nth (xs, i)
11734 last_elem xs = List.last xs
11735 flat xss = List.concat xss
11736 seq fs = List.app fs
11737 partition P xs = List.partition P xs
11738 mapfilter f xs = List.mapPartial f xs
11740 * Pure/library.ML: several combinators for linear functional
11741 transformations, notably reverse application and composition:
11744 (x, y) |-> f f #-> g
11746 * Pure/library.ML: introduced/changed precedence of infix operators:
11748 infix 1 |> |-> ||> ||>> |>> |>>> #> #->;
11750 infix 3 o oo ooo oooo;
11751 infix 4 ~~ upto downto;
11753 Maybe INCOMPATIBILITY when any of those is used in conjunction with other
11756 * Pure/library.ML: natural list combinators fold, fold_rev, and
11757 fold_map support linear functional transformations and nesting. For
11760 fold f [x1, ..., xN] y =
11761 y |> f x1 |> ... |> f xN
11763 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] y =
11764 y |> fold f xs1 |> ... |> fold f xsN
11766 fold f [x1, ..., xN] =
11767 f x1 #> ... #> f xN
11769 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] =
11770 fold f xs1 #> ... #> fold f xsN
11772 * Pure/library.ML: the following selectors on type 'a option are
11775 the: 'a option -> 'a (*partial*)
11776 these: 'a option -> 'a where 'a = 'b list
11777 the_default: 'a -> 'a option -> 'a
11778 the_list: 'a option -> 'a list
11780 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
11781 basic operations for association lists, following natural argument
11782 order; moreover the explicit equality predicate passed here avoids
11783 potentially expensive polymorphic runtime equality checks.
11784 The old functions may be expressed as follows:
11786 assoc = uncurry (AList.lookup (op =))
11787 assocs = these oo AList.lookup (op =)
11788 overwrite = uncurry (AList.update (op =)) o swap
11790 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
11792 val make: ('a -> 'b) -> 'a list -> ('a * 'b) list
11793 val find: ('a * 'b -> bool) -> ('c * 'b) list -> 'a -> 'c list
11795 replacing make_keylist and keyfilter (occassionally used)
11798 make_keylist = AList.make
11799 keyfilter = AList.find (op =)
11801 * eq_fst and eq_snd now take explicit equality parameter, thus
11802 avoiding eqtypes. Naive rewrites:
11804 eq_fst = eq_fst (op =)
11805 eq_snd = eq_snd (op =)
11807 * Removed deprecated apl and apr (rarely used).
11810 apl (n, op) =>>= curry op n
11811 apr (op, m) =>>= fn n => op (n, m)
11813 * Pure/General: structure OrdList (cf. Pure/General/ord_list.ML)
11814 provides a reasonably efficient light-weight implementation of sets as
11817 * Pure/General: generic tables (cf. Pure/General/table.ML) provide a
11818 few new operations; existing lookup and update are now curried to
11819 follow natural argument order (for use with fold etc.);
11820 INCOMPATIBILITY, use (uncurry Symtab.lookup) etc. as last resort.
11822 * Pure/General: output via the Isabelle channels of
11823 writeln/warning/error etc. is now passed through Output.output, with a
11824 hook for arbitrary transformations depending on the print_mode
11825 (cf. Output.add_mode -- the first active mode that provides a output
11826 function wins). Already formatted output may be embedded into further
11827 text via Output.raw; the result of Pretty.string_of/str_of and derived
11828 functions (string_of_term/cterm/thm etc.) is already marked raw to
11829 accommodate easy composition of diagnostic messages etc. Programmers
11830 rarely need to care about Output.output or Output.raw at all, with
11831 some notable exceptions: Output.output is required when bypassing the
11832 standard channels (writeln etc.), or in token translations to produce
11833 properly formatted results; Output.raw is required when capturing
11834 already output material that will eventually be presented to the user
11835 a second time. For the default print mode, both Output.output and
11836 Output.raw have no effect.
11838 * Pure/General: Output.time_accumulator NAME creates an operator ('a
11839 -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b to measure runtime and count invocations; the
11840 cumulative results are displayed at the end of a batch session.
11842 * Pure/General: File.sysify_path and File.quote_sysify path have been
11843 replaced by File.platform_path and File.shell_path (with appropriate
11844 hooks). This provides a clean interface for unusual systems where the
11845 internal and external process view of file names are different.
11847 * Pure: more efficient orders for basic syntactic entities: added
11848 fast_string_ord, fast_indexname_ord, fast_term_ord; changed sort_ord
11849 and typ_ord to use fast_string_ord and fast_indexname_ord (term_ord is
11850 NOT affected); structures Symtab, Vartab, Typtab, Termtab use the fast
11851 orders now -- potential INCOMPATIBILITY for code that depends on a
11852 particular order for Symtab.keys, Symtab.dest, etc. (consider using
11853 Library.sort_strings on result).
11855 * Pure/term.ML: combinators fold_atyps, fold_aterms, fold_term_types,
11856 fold_types traverse types/terms from left to right, observing natural
11857 argument order. Supercedes previous foldl_XXX versions, add_frees,
11858 add_vars etc. have been adapted as well: INCOMPATIBILITY.
11860 * Pure: name spaces have been refined, with significant changes of the
11861 internal interfaces -- INCOMPATIBILITY. Renamed cond_extern(_table)
11862 to extern(_table). The plain name entry path is superceded by a
11863 general 'naming' context, which also includes the 'policy' to produce
11864 a fully qualified name and external accesses of a fully qualified
11865 name; NameSpace.extend is superceded by context dependent
11866 Sign.declare_name. Several theory and proof context operations modify
11867 the naming context. Especially note Theory.restore_naming and
11868 ProofContext.restore_naming to get back to a sane state; note that
11869 Theory.add_path is no longer sufficient to recover from
11870 Theory.absolute_path in particular.
11872 * Pure: new flags short_names (default false) and unique_names
11873 (default true) for controlling output of qualified names. If
11874 short_names is set, names are printed unqualified. If unique_names is
11875 reset, the name prefix is reduced to the minimum required to achieve
11876 the original result when interning again, even if there is an overlap
11877 with earlier declarations.
11879 * Pure/TheoryDataFun: change of the argument structure; 'prep_ext' is
11880 now 'extend', and 'merge' gets an additional Pretty.pp argument
11881 (useful for printing error messages). INCOMPATIBILITY.
11883 * Pure: major reorganization of the theory context. Type Sign.sg and
11884 Theory.theory are now identified, referring to the universal
11885 Context.theory (see Pure/context.ML). Actual signature and theory
11886 content is managed as theory data. The old code and interfaces were
11887 spread over many files and structures; the new arrangement introduces
11888 considerable INCOMPATIBILITY to gain more clarity:
11890 Context -- theory management operations (name, identity, inclusion,
11891 parents, ancestors, merge, etc.), plus generic theory data;
11893 Sign -- logical signature and syntax operations (declaring consts,
11894 types, etc.), plus certify/read for common entities;
11896 Theory -- logical theory operations (stating axioms, definitions,
11897 oracles), plus a copy of logical signature operations (consts,
11898 types, etc.); also a few basic management operations (Theory.copy,
11899 Theory.merge, etc.)
11901 The most basic sign_of operations (Theory.sign_of, Thm.sign_of_thm
11902 etc.) as well as the sign field in Thm.rep_thm etc. have been retained
11903 for convenience -- they merely return the theory.
11905 * Pure: type Type.tsig is superceded by theory in most interfaces.
11907 * Pure: the Isar proof context type is already defined early in Pure
11908 as Context.proof (note that ProofContext.context and Proof.context are
11909 aliases, where the latter is the preferred name). This enables other
11910 Isabelle components to refer to that type even before Isar is present.
11912 * Pure/sign/theory: discontinued named name spaces (i.e. classK,
11913 typeK, constK, axiomK, oracleK), but provide explicit operations for
11914 any of these kinds. For example, Sign.intern typeK is now
11915 Sign.intern_type, Theory.hide_space Sign.typeK is now
11916 Theory.hide_types. Also note that former
11917 Theory.hide_classes/types/consts are now
11918 Theory.hide_classes_i/types_i/consts_i, while the non '_i' versions
11919 internalize their arguments! INCOMPATIBILITY.
11921 * Pure: get_thm interface (of PureThy and ProofContext) expects
11922 datatype thmref (with constructors Name and NameSelection) instead of
11923 plain string -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
11925 * Pure: cases produced by proof methods specify options, where NONE
11926 means to remove case bindings -- INCOMPATIBILITY in
11927 (RAW_)METHOD_CASES.
11929 * Pure: the following operations retrieve axioms or theorems from a
11930 theory node or theory hierarchy, respectively:
11932 Theory.axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
11933 Theory.all_axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
11934 PureThy.thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
11935 PureThy.all_thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
11937 * Pure: print_tac now outputs the goal through the trace channel.
11939 * Isar toplevel: improved diagnostics, mostly for Poly/ML only.
11940 Reference Toplevel.debug (default false) controls detailed printing
11941 and tracing of low-level exceptions; Toplevel.profiling (default 0)
11942 controls execution profiling -- set to 1 for time and 2 for space
11943 (both increase the runtime).
11945 * Isar session: The initial use of ROOT.ML is now always timed,
11946 i.e. the log will show the actual process times, in contrast to the
11947 elapsed wall-clock time that the outer shell wrapper produces.
11949 * Simplifier: improved handling of bound variables (nameless
11950 representation, avoid allocating new strings). Simprocs that invoke
11951 the Simplifier recursively should use Simplifier.inherit_bounds to
11952 avoid local name clashes. Failure to do so produces warnings
11953 "Simplifier: renamed bound variable ..."; set Simplifier.debug_bounds
11954 for further details.
11956 * ML functions legacy_bindings and use_legacy_bindings produce ML fact
11957 bindings for all theorems stored within a given theory; this may help
11958 in porting non-Isar theories to Isar ones, while keeping ML proof
11959 scripts for the time being.
11961 * ML operator HTML.with_charset specifies the charset begin used for
11962 generated HTML files. For example:
11964 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Hebrew";
11965 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Chinese";
11970 * Allow symlinks to all proper Isabelle executables (Isabelle,
11971 isabelle, isatool etc.).
11973 * ISABELLE_DOC_FORMAT setting specifies preferred document format (for
11974 isatool doc, isatool mkdir, display_drafts etc.).
11976 * isatool usedir: option -f allows specification of the ML file to be
11977 used by Isabelle; default is ROOT.ML.
11979 * New isatool version outputs the version identifier of the Isabelle
11980 distribution being used.
11982 * HOL: new isatool dimacs2hol converts files in DIMACS CNF format
11983 (containing Boolean satisfiability problems) into Isabelle/HOL
11988 New in Isabelle2004 (April 2004)
11989 --------------------------------
11993 * Provers/order.ML: new efficient reasoner for partial and linear orders.
11994 Replaces linorder.ML.
11996 * Pure: Greek letters (except small lambda, \<lambda>), as well as Gothic
11997 (\<aa>...\<zz>\<AA>...\<ZZ>), calligraphic (\<A>...\<Z>), and Euler
11998 (\<a>...\<z>), are now considered normal letters, and can therefore
11999 be used anywhere where an ASCII letter (a...zA...Z) has until
12000 now. COMPATIBILITY: This obviously changes the parsing of some
12001 terms, especially where a symbol has been used as a binder, say
12002 '\<Pi>x. ...', which is now a type error since \<Pi>x will be parsed
12003 as an identifier. Fix it by inserting a space around former
12004 symbols. Call 'isatool fixgreek' to try to fix parsing errors in
12005 existing theory and ML files.
12007 * Pure: Macintosh and Windows line-breaks are now allowed in theory files.
12009 * Pure: single letter sub/superscripts (\<^isub> and \<^isup>) are now
12010 allowed in identifiers. Similar to Greek letters \<^isub> is now considered
12011 a normal (but invisible) letter. For multiple letter subscripts repeat
12012 \<^isub> like this: x\<^isub>1\<^isub>2.
12014 * Pure: There are now sub-/superscripts that can span more than one
12015 character. Text between \<^bsub> and \<^esub> is set in subscript in
12016 ProofGeneral and LaTeX, text between \<^bsup> and \<^esup> in
12017 superscript. The new control characters are not identifier parts.
12019 * Pure: Control-symbols of the form \<^raw:...> will literally print the
12020 content of "..." to the latex file instead of \isacntrl... . The "..."
12021 may consist of any printable characters excluding the end bracket >.
12023 * Pure: Using new Isar command "finalconsts" (or the ML functions
12024 Theory.add_finals or Theory.add_finals_i) it is now possible to
12025 declare constants "final", which prevents their being given a definition
12026 later. It is useful for constants whose behaviour is fixed axiomatically
12027 rather than definitionally, such as the meta-logic connectives.
12029 * Pure: 'instance' now handles general arities with general sorts
12030 (i.e. intersections of classes),
12032 * Presentation: generated HTML now uses a CSS style sheet to make layout
12033 (somewhat) independent of content. It is copied from lib/html/isabelle.css.
12034 It can be changed to alter the colors/layout of generated pages.
12039 * Tactic emulation methods rule_tac, erule_tac, drule_tac, frule_tac,
12040 cut_tac, subgoal_tac and thin_tac:
12041 - Now understand static (Isar) contexts. As a consequence, users of Isar
12042 locales are no longer forced to write Isar proof scripts.
12043 For details see Isar Reference Manual, paragraph 4.3.2: Further tactic
12045 - INCOMPATIBILITY: names of variables to be instantiated may no
12046 longer be enclosed in quotes. Instead, precede variable name with `?'.
12047 This is consistent with the instantiation attribute "where".
12049 * Attributes "where" and "of":
12050 - Now take type variables of instantiated theorem into account when reading
12051 the instantiation string. This fixes a bug that caused instantiated
12052 theorems to have too special types in some circumstances.
12053 - "where" permits explicit instantiations of type variables.
12055 * Calculation commands "moreover" and "also" no longer interfere with
12056 current facts ("this"), admitting arbitrary combinations with "then"
12060 - Goal statements involving the context element "includes" no longer
12061 generate theorems with internal delta predicates (those ending on
12062 "_axioms") in the premise.
12063 Resolve particular premise with <locale>.intro to obtain old form.
12064 - Fixed bug in type inference ("unify_frozen") that prevented mix of target
12065 specification and "includes" elements in goal statement.
12066 - Rule sets <locale>.intro and <locale>.axioms no longer declared as
12067 [intro?] and [elim?] (respectively) by default.
12068 - Experimental command for instantiation of locales in proof contexts:
12069 instantiate <label>[<attrs>]: <loc>
12070 Instantiates locale <loc> and adds all its theorems to the current context
12071 taking into account their attributes. Label and attrs are optional
12072 modifiers, like in theorem declarations. If present, names of
12073 instantiated theorems are qualified with <label>, and the attributes
12074 <attrs> are applied after any attributes these theorems might have already.
12075 If the locale has assumptions, a chained fact of the form
12076 "<loc> t1 ... tn" is expected from which instantiations of the parameters
12077 are derived. The command does not support old-style locales declared
12078 with "locale (open)".
12079 A few (very simple) examples can be found in FOL/ex/LocaleInst.thy.
12081 * HOL: Tactic emulation methods induct_tac and case_tac understand static
12087 * Proof import: new image HOL4 contains the imported library from
12088 the HOL4 system with about 2500 theorems. It is imported by
12089 replaying proof terms produced by HOL4 in Isabelle. The HOL4 image
12090 can be used like any other Isabelle image. See
12091 HOL/Import/HOL/README for more information.
12094 - Much improved handling of linear and partial orders.
12095 Reasoners for linear and partial orders are set up for type classes
12096 "linorder" and "order" respectively, and are added to the default simpset
12097 as solvers. This means that the simplifier can build transitivity chains
12098 to solve goals from the assumptions.
12099 - INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break occasionally. Typically, applications
12100 of blast or auto after simplification become unnecessary because the goal
12101 is solved by simplification already.
12103 * Numerics: new theory Ring_and_Field contains over 250 basic numerical laws,
12104 all proved in axiomatic type classes for semirings, rings and fields.
12107 - Numeric types (nat, int, and in HOL-Complex rat, real, complex, etc.) are
12108 now formalized using the Ring_and_Field theory mentioned above.
12109 - INCOMPATIBILITY: simplification and arithmetic behaves somewhat differently
12110 than before, because now they are set up once in a generic manner.
12111 - INCOMPATIBILITY: many type-specific arithmetic laws have gone.
12112 Look for the general versions in Ring_and_Field (and Power if they concern
12115 * Type "rat" of the rational numbers is now available in HOL-Complex.
12118 - Record types are now by default printed with their type abbreviation
12119 instead of the list of all field types. This can be configured via
12120 the reference "print_record_type_abbr".
12121 - Simproc "record_upd_simproc" for simplification of multiple updates added
12122 (not enabled by default).
12123 - Simproc "record_ex_sel_eq_simproc" to simplify EX x. sel r = x resp.
12124 EX x. x = sel r to True (not enabled by default).
12125 - Tactic "record_split_simp_tac" to split and simplify records added.
12127 * 'specification' command added, allowing for definition by
12128 specification. There is also an 'ax_specification' command that
12129 introduces the new constants axiomatically.
12131 * arith(_tac) is now able to generate counterexamples for reals as well.
12133 * HOL-Algebra: new locale "ring" for non-commutative rings.
12135 * HOL-ex: InductiveInvariant_examples illustrates advanced recursive function
12136 definitions, thanks to Sava Krsti\'{c} and John Matthews.
12138 * HOL-Matrix: a first theory for matrices in HOL with an application of
12139 matrix theory to linear programming.
12141 * Unions and Intersections:
12142 The latex output syntax of UN and INT has been changed
12143 from "\Union x \in A. B" to "\Union_{x \in A} B"
12144 i.e. the index formulae has become a subscript.
12145 Similarly for "\Union x. B", and for \Inter instead of \Union.
12147 * Unions and Intersections over Intervals:
12148 There is new short syntax "UN i<=n. A" for "UN i:{0..n}. A". There is
12149 also an x-symbol version with subscripts "\<Union>\<^bsub>i <= n\<^esub>. A"
12150 like in normal math, and corresponding versions for < and for intersection.
12152 * HOL/List: Ordering "lexico" is renamed "lenlex" and the standard
12153 lexicographic dictonary ordering has been added as "lexord".
12155 * ML: the legacy theory structures Int and List have been removed. They had
12156 conflicted with ML Basis Library structures having the same names.
12158 * 'refute' command added to search for (finite) countermodels. Only works
12159 for a fragment of HOL. The installation of an external SAT solver is
12160 highly recommended. See "HOL/Refute.thy" for details.
12162 * 'quickcheck' command: Allows to find counterexamples by evaluating
12163 formulae under an assignment of free variables to random values.
12164 In contrast to 'refute', it can deal with inductive datatypes,
12165 but cannot handle quantifiers. See "HOL/ex/Quickcheck_Examples.thy"
12171 * Streams now come with concatenation and are part of the HOLCF image
12175 New in Isabelle2003 (May 2003)
12176 ------------------------------
12180 * Provers/simplifier:
12182 - Completely reimplemented method simp (ML: Asm_full_simp_tac):
12183 Assumptions are now subject to complete mutual simplification,
12184 not just from left to right. The simplifier now preserves
12185 the order of assumptions.
12187 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
12189 -- simp sometimes diverges where the old version did
12190 not, e.g. invoking simp on the goal
12192 [| P (f x); y = x; f x = f y |] ==> Q
12194 now gives rise to the infinite reduction sequence
12196 P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> P(f y) --(y = x)--> P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> ...
12198 Using "simp (asm_lr)" (ML: Asm_lr_simp_tac) instead often solves this
12201 -- Tactics combining classical reasoner and simplification (such as auto)
12202 are also affected by this change, because many of them rely on
12203 simp. They may sometimes diverge as well or yield a different numbers
12204 of subgoals. Try to use e.g. force, fastsimp, or safe instead of auto
12205 in case of problems. Sometimes subsequent calls to the classical
12206 reasoner will fail because a preceeding call to the simplifier too
12207 eagerly simplified the goal, e.g. deleted redundant premises.
12209 - The simplifier trace now shows the names of the applied rewrite rules
12211 - You can limit the number of recursive invocations of the simplifier
12212 during conditional rewriting (where the simplifie tries to solve the
12213 conditions before applying the rewrite rule):
12214 ML "simp_depth_limit := n"
12215 where n is an integer. Thus you can force termination where previously
12216 the simplifier would diverge.
12218 - Accepts free variables as head terms in congruence rules. Useful in Isar.
12220 - No longer aborts on failed congruence proof. Instead, the
12221 congruence is ignored.
12223 * Pure: New generic framework for extracting programs from constructive
12224 proofs. See HOL/Extraction.thy for an example instantiation, as well
12225 as HOL/Extraction for some case studies.
12227 * Pure: The main goal of the proof state is no longer shown by default, only
12228 the subgoals. This behaviour is controlled by a new flag.
12229 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Settings -> Show Main Goal
12230 (ML: Proof.show_main_goal).
12232 * Pure: You can find all matching introduction rules for subgoal 1, i.e. all
12233 rules whose conclusion matches subgoal 1:
12234 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Show me -> matching rules
12235 The rules are ordered by how closely they match the subgoal.
12236 In particular, rules that solve a subgoal outright are displayed first
12237 (or rather last, the way they are printed).
12238 (ML: ProofGeneral.print_intros())
12240 * Pure: New flag trace_unify_fail causes unification to print
12241 diagnostic information (PG: in trace buffer) when it fails. This is
12242 useful for figuring out why single step proofs like rule, erule or
12245 * Pure: Locale specifications now produce predicate definitions
12246 according to the body of text (covering assumptions modulo local
12247 definitions); predicate "loc_axioms" covers newly introduced text,
12248 while "loc" is cumulative wrt. all included locale expressions; the
12249 latter view is presented only on export into the global theory
12250 context; potential INCOMPATIBILITY, use "(open)" option to fall back
12251 on the old view without predicates;
12253 * Pure: predefined locales "var" and "struct" are useful for sharing
12254 parameters (as in CASL, for example); just specify something like
12255 ``var x + var y + struct M'' as import;
12257 * Pure: improved thms_containing: proper indexing of facts instead of
12258 raw theorems; check validity of results wrt. current name space;
12259 include local facts of proof configuration (also covers active
12260 locales), cover fixed variables in index; may use "_" in term
12261 specification; an optional limit for the number of printed facts may
12262 be given (the default is 40);
12264 * Pure: disallow duplicate fact bindings within new-style theory files
12267 * Provers: improved induct method: assumptions introduced by case
12268 "foo" are split into "foo.hyps" (from the rule) and "foo.prems" (from
12269 the goal statement); "foo" still refers to all facts collectively;
12271 * Provers: the function blast.overloaded has been removed: all constants
12272 are regarded as potentially overloaded, which improves robustness in exchange
12273 for slight decrease in efficiency;
12275 * Provers/linorder: New generic prover for transitivity reasoning over
12276 linear orders. Note: this prover is not efficient!
12278 * Isar: preview of problems to finish 'show' now produce an error
12279 rather than just a warning (in interactive mode);
12286 - Produces a counter example if it cannot prove a goal.
12287 Note that the counter example may be spurious if the goal is not a formula
12288 of quantifier-free linear arithmetic.
12289 In ProofGeneral the counter example appears in the trace buffer.
12291 - Knows about div k and mod k where k is a numeral of type nat or int.
12293 - Calls full Presburger arithmetic (by Amine Chaieb) if quantifier-free
12294 linear arithmetic fails. This takes account of quantifiers and divisibility.
12295 Presburger arithmetic can also be called explicitly via presburger(_tac).
12297 * simp's arithmetic capabilities have been enhanced a bit: it now
12298 takes ~= in premises into account (by performing a case split);
12300 * simp reduces "m*(n div m) + n mod m" to n, even if the two summands
12301 are distributed over a sum of terms;
12303 * New tactic "trans_tac" and method "trans" instantiate
12304 Provers/linorder.ML for axclasses "order" and "linorder" (predicates
12305 "<=", "<" and "=").
12307 * function INCOMPATIBILITIES: Pi-sets have been redefined and moved from main
12308 HOL to Library/FuncSet; constant "Fun.op o" is now called "Fun.comp";
12310 * 'typedef' command has new option "open" to suppress the set
12313 * functions Min and Max on finite sets have been introduced (theory
12316 * attribute [symmetric] now works for relations as well; it turns
12317 (x,y) : R^-1 into (y,x) : R, and vice versa;
12319 * induct over a !!-quantified statement (say !!x1..xn):
12320 each "case" automatically performs "fix x1 .. xn" with exactly those names.
12322 * Map: `empty' is no longer a constant but a syntactic abbreviation for
12323 %x. None. Warning: empty_def now refers to the previously hidden definition
12326 * Algebra: formalization of classical algebra. Intended as base for
12327 any algebraic development in Isabelle. Currently covers group theory
12328 (up to Sylow's theorem) and ring theory (Universal Property of
12329 Univariate Polynomials). Contributions welcome;
12331 * GroupTheory: deleted, since its material has been moved to Algebra;
12333 * Complex: new directory of the complex numbers with numeric constants,
12334 nonstandard complex numbers, and some complex analysis, standard and
12335 nonstandard (Jacques Fleuriot);
12337 * HOL-Complex: new image for analysis, replacing HOL-Real and HOL-Hyperreal;
12339 * Hyperreal: introduced Gauge integration and hyperreal logarithms (Jacques
12342 * Real/HahnBanach: updated and adapted to locales;
12344 * NumberTheory: added Gauss's law of quadratic reciprocity (by Avigad,
12347 * UNITY: added the Meier-Sanders theory of progress sets;
12349 * MicroJava: bytecode verifier and lightweight bytecode verifier
12350 as abstract algorithms, instantiated to the JVM;
12352 * Bali: Java source language formalization. Type system, operational
12353 semantics, axiomatic semantics. Supported language features:
12354 classes, interfaces, objects,virtual methods, static methods,
12355 static/instance fields, arrays, access modifiers, definite
12356 assignment, exceptions.
12361 * ZF/Constructible: consistency proof for AC (Gdel's constructible
12364 * Main ZF: virtually all theories converted to new-style format;
12369 * Pure: Tactic.prove provides sane interface for internal proofs;
12370 omits the infamous "standard" operation, so this is more appropriate
12371 than prove_goalw_cterm in many situations (e.g. in simprocs);
12373 * Pure: improved error reporting of simprocs;
12375 * Provers: Simplifier.simproc(_i) provides sane interface for setting
12379 *** Document preparation ***
12381 * uses \par instead of \\ for line breaks in theory text. This may
12382 shift some page breaks in large documents. To get the old behaviour
12383 use \renewcommand{\isanewline}{\mbox{}\\\mbox{}} in root.tex.
12385 * minimized dependencies of isabelle.sty and isabellesym.sty on
12388 * \<euro> now needs package babel/greek instead of marvosym (which
12391 * normal size for \<zero>...\<nine> (uses \mathbf instead of
12396 New in Isabelle2002 (March 2002)
12397 --------------------------------
12399 *** Document preparation ***
12401 * greatly simplified document preparation setup, including more
12402 graceful interpretation of isatool usedir -i/-d/-D options, and more
12403 instructive isatool mkdir; users should basically be able to get
12404 started with "isatool mkdir HOL Test && isatool make"; alternatively,
12405 users may run a separate document processing stage manually like this:
12406 "isatool usedir -D output HOL Test && isatool document Test/output";
12408 * theory dependency graph may now be incorporated into documents;
12409 isatool usedir -g true will produce session_graph.eps/.pdf for use
12410 with \includegraphics of LaTeX;
12412 * proper spacing of consecutive markup elements, especially text
12413 blocks after section headings;
12415 * support bold style (for single symbols only), input syntax is like
12416 this: "\<^bold>\<alpha>" or "\<^bold>A";
12418 * \<bullet> is now output as bold \cdot by default, which looks much
12419 better in printed text;
12421 * added default LaTeX bindings for \<tturnstile> and \<TTurnstile>;
12422 note that these symbols are currently unavailable in Proof General /
12423 X-Symbol; new symbols \<zero>, \<one>, ..., \<nine>, and \<euro>;
12425 * isatool latex no longer depends on changed TEXINPUTS, instead
12426 isatool document copies the Isabelle style files to the target
12432 * Pure/Provers: improved proof by cases and induction;
12433 - 'case' command admits impromptu naming of parameters (such as
12435 - 'induct' method divinates rule instantiation from the inductive
12436 claim; no longer requires excessive ?P bindings for proper
12437 instantiation of cases;
12438 - 'induct' method properly enumerates all possibilities of set/type
12439 rules; as a consequence facts may be also passed through *type*
12440 rules without further ado;
12441 - 'induct' method now derives symbolic cases from the *rulified*
12442 rule (before it used to rulify cases stemming from the internal
12443 atomized version); this means that the context of a non-atomic
12444 statement becomes is included in the hypothesis, avoiding the
12445 slightly cumbersome show "PROP ?case" form;
12446 - 'induct' may now use elim-style induction rules without chaining
12447 facts, using ``missing'' premises from the goal state; this allows
12448 rules stemming from inductive sets to be applied in unstructured
12449 scripts, while still benefitting from proper handling of non-atomic
12450 statements; NB: major inductive premises need to be put first, all
12451 the rest of the goal is passed through the induction;
12452 - 'induct' proper support for mutual induction involving non-atomic
12453 rule statements (uses the new concept of simultaneous goals, see
12455 - append all possible rule selections, but only use the first
12456 success (no backtracking);
12457 - removed obsolete "(simplified)" and "(stripped)" options of methods;
12458 - undeclared rule case names default to numbers 1, 2, 3, ...;
12459 - added 'print_induct_rules' (covered by help item in recent Proof
12461 - moved induct/cases attributes to Pure, methods to Provers;
12462 - generic method setup instantiated for FOL and HOL;
12464 * Pure: support multiple simultaneous goal statements, for example
12465 "have a: A and b: B" (same for 'theorem' etc.); being a pure
12466 meta-level mechanism, this acts as if several individual goals had
12467 been stated separately; in particular common proof methods need to be
12468 repeated in order to cover all claims; note that a single elimination
12469 step is *not* sufficient to establish the two conjunctions, so this
12472 assume "A & B" then have A and B .. (*".." fails*)
12474 better use "obtain" in situations as above; alternative refer to
12475 multi-step methods like 'auto', 'simp_all', 'blast+' etc.;
12477 * Pure: proper integration with ``locales''; unlike the original
12478 version by Florian Kammller, Isar locales package high-level proof
12479 contexts rather than raw logical ones (e.g. we admit to include
12480 attributes everywhere); operations on locales include merge and
12481 rename; support for implicit arguments (``structures''); simultaneous
12482 type-inference over imports and text; see also HOL/ex/Locales.thy for
12485 * Pure: the following commands have been ``localized'', supporting a
12486 target locale specification "(in name)": 'lemma', 'theorem',
12487 'corollary', 'lemmas', 'theorems', 'declare'; the results will be
12488 stored both within the locale and at the theory level (exported and
12489 qualified by the locale name);
12491 * Pure: theory goals may now be specified in ``long'' form, with
12492 ad-hoc contexts consisting of arbitrary locale elements. for example
12493 ``lemma foo: fixes x assumes "A x" shows "B x"'' (local syntax and
12494 definitions may be given, too); the result is a meta-level rule with
12495 the context elements being discharged in the obvious way;
12497 * Pure: new proof command 'using' allows to augment currently used
12498 facts after a goal statement ('using' is syntactically analogous to
12499 'apply', but acts on the goal's facts only); this allows chained facts
12500 to be separated into parts given before and after a claim, as in
12501 ``from a and b have C using d and e <proof>'';
12503 * Pure: renamed "antecedent" case to "rule_context";
12505 * Pure: new 'judgment' command records explicit information about the
12506 object-logic embedding (used by several tools internally); no longer
12507 use hard-wired "Trueprop";
12509 * Pure: added 'corollary' command;
12511 * Pure: fixed 'token_translation' command;
12513 * Pure: removed obsolete 'exported' attribute;
12515 * Pure: dummy pattern "_" in is/let is now automatically lifted over
12516 bound variables: "ALL x. P x --> Q x" (is "ALL x. _ --> ?C x")
12517 supersedes more cumbersome ... (is "ALL x. _ x --> ?C x");
12519 * Pure: method 'atomize' presents local goal premises as object-level
12520 statements (atomic meta-level propositions); setup controlled via
12521 rewrite rules declarations of 'atomize' attribute; example
12522 application: 'induct' method with proper rule statements in improper
12525 * Pure: emulation of instantiation tactics (rule_tac, cut_tac, etc.)
12526 now consider the syntactic context of assumptions, giving a better
12527 chance to get type-inference of the arguments right (this is
12528 especially important for locales);
12530 * Pure: "sorry" no longer requires quick_and_dirty in interactive
12533 * Pure/obtain: the formal conclusion "thesis", being marked as
12534 ``internal'', may no longer be reference directly in the text;
12535 potential INCOMPATIBILITY, may need to use "?thesis" in rare
12538 * Pure: generic 'sym' attribute which declares a rule both as pure
12539 'elim?' and for the 'symmetric' operation;
12541 * Pure: marginal comments ``--'' may now occur just anywhere in the
12542 text; the fixed correlation with particular command syntax has been
12545 * Pure: new method 'rules' is particularly well-suited for proof
12546 search in intuitionistic logic; a bit slower than 'blast' or 'fast',
12547 but often produces more compact proof terms with less detours;
12549 * Pure/Provers/classical: simplified integration with pure rule
12550 attributes and methods; the classical "intro?/elim?/dest?"
12551 declarations coincide with the pure ones; the "rule" method no longer
12552 includes classically swapped intros; "intro" and "elim" methods no
12553 longer pick rules from the context; also got rid of ML declarations
12554 AddXIs/AddXEs/AddXDs; all of this has some potential for
12557 * Provers/classical: attribute 'swapped' produces classical inversions
12558 of introduction rules;
12560 * Provers/simplifier: 'simplified' attribute may refer to explicit
12561 rules instead of full simplifier context; 'iff' attribute handles
12564 * HOL: 'typedef' now allows alternative names for Rep/Abs morphisms;
12566 * HOL: 'recdef' now fails on unfinished automated proofs, use
12567 "(permissive)" option to recover old behavior;
12569 * HOL: 'inductive' no longer features separate (collective) attributes
12570 for 'intros' (was found too confusing);
12572 * HOL: properly declared induction rules less_induct and
12578 * HOL: moved over to sane numeral syntax; the new policy is as
12581 - 0 and 1 are polymorphic constants, which are defined on any
12582 numeric type (nat, int, real etc.);
12584 - 2, 3, 4, ... and -1, -2, -3, ... are polymorphic numerals, based
12585 binary representation internally;
12587 - type nat has special constructor Suc, and generally prefers Suc 0
12588 over 1::nat and Suc (Suc 0) over 2::nat;
12590 This change may cause significant problems of INCOMPATIBILITY; here
12591 are some hints on converting existing sources:
12593 - due to the new "num" token, "-0" and "-1" etc. are now atomic
12594 entities, so expressions involving "-" (unary or binary minus) need
12595 to be spaced properly;
12597 - existing occurrences of "1" may need to be constraint "1::nat" or
12598 even replaced by Suc 0; similar for old "2";
12600 - replace "#nnn" by "nnn", and "#-nnn" by "-nnn";
12602 - remove all special provisions on numerals in proofs;
12604 * HOL: simp rules nat_number expand numerals on nat to Suc/0
12605 representation (depends on bin_arith_simps in the default context);
12607 * HOL: symbolic syntax for x^2 (numeral 2);
12609 * HOL: the class of all HOL types is now called "type" rather than
12610 "term"; INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt references to this type class
12611 in axclass/classes, instance/arities, and (usually rare) occurrences
12612 in typings (of consts etc.); internally the class is called
12613 "HOL.type", ML programs should refer to HOLogic.typeS;
12615 * HOL/record package improvements:
12616 - new derived operations "fields" to build a partial record section,
12617 "extend" to promote a fixed record to a record scheme, and
12618 "truncate" for the reverse; cf. theorems "xxx.defs", which are *not*
12619 declared as simp by default;
12620 - shared operations ("more", "fields", etc.) now need to be always
12621 qualified) --- potential INCOMPATIBILITY;
12622 - removed "make_scheme" operations (use "make" with "extend") --
12624 - removed "more" class (simply use "term") -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
12625 - provides cases/induct rules for use with corresponding Isar
12626 methods (for concrete records, record schemes, concrete more
12627 parts, and schematic more parts -- in that order);
12628 - internal definitions directly based on a light-weight abstract
12629 theory of product types over typedef rather than datatype;
12631 * HOL: generic code generator for generating executable ML code from
12632 specifications; specific support for HOL constructs such as inductive
12633 datatypes and sets, as well as recursive functions; can be invoked
12634 via 'generate_code' theory section;
12636 * HOL: canonical cases/induct rules for n-tuples (n = 3..7);
12638 * HOL: consolidated and renamed several theories. In particular:
12639 Ord.thy has been absorbed into HOL.thy
12640 String.thy has been absorbed into List.thy
12642 * HOL: concrete setsum syntax "\<Sum>i:A. b" == "setsum (%i. b) A"
12643 (beware of argument permutation!);
12645 * HOL: linorder_less_split superseded by linorder_cases;
12647 * HOL/List: "nodups" renamed to "distinct";
12649 * HOL: added "The" definite description operator; move Hilbert's "Eps"
12650 to peripheral theory "Hilbert_Choice"; some INCOMPATIBILITIES:
12651 - Ex_def has changed, now need to use some_eq_ex
12653 * HOL: made split_all_tac safe; EXISTING PROOFS MAY FAIL OR LOOP, so
12654 in this (rare) case use:
12656 delSWrapper "split_all_tac"
12657 addSbefore ("unsafe_split_all_tac", unsafe_split_all_tac)
12659 * HOL: added safe wrapper "split_conv_tac" to claset; EXISTING PROOFS
12662 * HOL: introduced f^n = f o ... o f; warning: due to the limits of
12663 Isabelle's type classes, ^ on functions and relations has too general
12664 a domain, namely ('a * 'b) set and 'a => 'b; this means that it may be
12665 necessary to attach explicit type constraints;
12667 * HOL/Relation: the prefix name of the infix "O" has been changed from
12668 "comp" to "rel_comp"; INCOMPATIBILITY: a few theorems have been
12669 renamed accordingly (eg "compI" -> "rel_compI").
12671 * HOL: syntax translations now work properly with numerals and records
12674 * HOL: bounded abstraction now uses syntax "%" / "\<lambda>" instead
12675 of "lam" -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
12677 * HOL: got rid of some global declarations (potential INCOMPATIBILITY
12678 for ML tools): const "()" renamed "Product_Type.Unity", type "unit"
12679 renamed "Product_Type.unit";
12681 * HOL: renamed rtrancl_into_rtrancl2 to converse_rtrancl_into_rtrancl
12683 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem "optionE" (use "option.exhaust", or
12684 the "cases" method);
12686 * HOL/GroupTheory: group theory examples including Sylow's theorem (by
12689 * HOL/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory format; several
12690 parts turned into readable document, with proper Isar proof texts and
12691 some explanations (by Gerwin Klein);
12693 * HOL-Real: added Complex_Numbers (by Gertrud Bauer);
12695 * HOL-Hyperreal is now a logic image;
12700 * Isar: consts/constdefs supports mixfix syntax for continuous
12703 * Isar: domain package adapted to new-style theory format, e.g. see
12706 * theory Lift: proper use of rep_datatype lift instead of ML hacks --
12707 potential INCOMPATIBILITY; now use plain induct_tac instead of former
12708 lift.induct_tac, always use UU instead of Undef;
12710 * HOLCF/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory;
12715 * Isar: proper integration of logic-specific tools and packages,
12716 including theory commands '(co)inductive', '(co)datatype',
12717 'rep_datatype', 'inductive_cases', as well as methods 'ind_cases',
12718 'induct_tac', 'case_tac', and 'typecheck' (with attribute 'TC');
12720 * theory Main no longer includes AC; for the Axiom of Choice, base
12721 your theory on Main_ZFC;
12723 * the integer library now covers quotients and remainders, with many
12724 laws relating division to addition, multiplication, etc.;
12726 * ZF/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY is now available in ZF, giving a
12727 typeless version of the formalism;
12729 * ZF/AC, Coind, IMP, Resid: updated and converted to new-style theory
12732 * ZF/Induct: new directory for examples of inductive definitions,
12733 including theory Multiset for multiset orderings; converted to
12734 new-style theory format;
12736 * ZF: many new theorems about lists, ordinals, etc.;
12741 * Pure/kernel: meta-level proof terms (by Stefan Berghofer); reference
12742 variable proof controls level of detail: 0 = no proofs (only oracle
12743 dependencies), 1 = lemma dependencies, 2 = compact proof terms; see
12744 also ref manual for further ML interfaces;
12746 * Pure/axclass: removed obsolete ML interface
12747 goal_subclass/goal_arity;
12749 * Pure/syntax: new token syntax "num" for plain numerals (without "#"
12750 of "xnum"); potential INCOMPATIBILITY, since -0, -1 etc. are now
12751 separate tokens, so expressions involving minus need to be spaced
12754 * Pure/syntax: support non-oriented infixes, using keyword "infix"
12755 rather than "infixl" or "infixr";
12757 * Pure/syntax: concrete syntax for dummy type variables admits genuine
12758 sort constraint specifications in type inference; e.g. "x::_::foo"
12759 ensures that the type of "x" is of sort "foo" (but not necessarily a
12762 * Pure/syntax: print modes "type_brackets" and "no_type_brackets"
12763 control output of nested => (types); the default behavior is
12766 * Pure/syntax: builtin parse translation for "_constify" turns valued
12767 tokens into AST constants;
12769 * Pure/syntax: prefer later declarations of translations and print
12770 translation functions; potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to reverse
12771 multiple declarations for same syntax element constant;
12773 * Pure/show_hyps reset by default (in accordance to existing Isar
12776 * Provers/classical: renamed addaltern to addafter, addSaltern to
12779 * Provers/clasimp: ``iff'' declarations now handle conditional rules
12782 * system: tested support for MacOS X; should be able to get Isabelle +
12783 Proof General to work in a plain Terminal after installing Poly/ML
12784 (e.g. from the Isabelle distribution area) and GNU bash alone
12785 (e.g. from http://www.apple.com); full X11, XEmacs and X-Symbol
12786 support requires further installations, e.g. from
12787 http://fink.sourceforge.net/);
12789 * system: support Poly/ML 4.1.1 (able to manage larger heaps);
12791 * system: reduced base memory usage by Poly/ML (approx. 20 MB instead
12792 of 40 MB), cf. ML_OPTIONS;
12794 * system: Proof General keywords specification is now part of the
12795 Isabelle distribution (see etc/isar-keywords.el);
12797 * system: support for persistent Proof General sessions (refrain from
12798 outdating all loaded theories on startup); user may create writable
12799 logic images like this: ``isabelle -q HOL Test'';
12801 * system: smart selection of Isabelle process versus Isabelle
12802 interface, accommodates case-insensitive file systems (e.g. HFS+); may
12803 run both "isabelle" and "Isabelle" even if file names are badly
12804 damaged (executable inspects the case of the first letter of its own
12805 name); added separate "isabelle-process" and "isabelle-interface";
12807 * system: refrain from any attempt at filtering input streams; no
12808 longer support ``8bit'' encoding of old isabelle font, instead proper
12809 iso-latin characters may now be used; the related isatools
12810 "symbolinput" and "nonascii" have disappeared as well;
12812 * system: removed old "xterm" interface (the print modes "xterm" and
12813 "xterm_color" are still available for direct use in a suitable
12818 New in Isabelle99-2 (February 2001)
12819 -----------------------------------
12821 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
12823 * HOL: please note that theories in the Library and elsewhere often use the
12824 new-style (Isar) format; to refer to their theorems in an ML script you must
12825 bind them to ML identifers by e.g. val thm_name = thm "thm_name";
12827 * HOL: inductive package no longer splits induction rule aggressively,
12828 but only as far as specified by the introductions given; the old
12829 format may be recovered via ML function complete_split_rule or attribute
12830 'split_rule (complete)';
12832 * HOL: induct renamed to lfp_induct, lfp_Tarski to lfp_unfold,
12833 gfp_Tarski to gfp_unfold;
12835 * HOL: contrapos, contrapos2 renamed to contrapos_nn, contrapos_pp;
12837 * HOL: infix "dvd" now has priority 50 rather than 70 (because it is a
12838 relation); infix "^^" has been renamed "``"; infix "``" has been
12839 renamed "`"; "univalent" has been renamed "single_valued";
12841 * HOL/Real: "rinv" and "hrinv" replaced by overloaded "inverse"
12844 * HOLCF: infix "`" has been renamed "$"; the symbol syntax is \<cdot>;
12846 * Isar: 'obtain' no longer declares "that" fact as simp/intro;
12848 * Isar/HOL: method 'induct' now handles non-atomic goals; as a
12849 consequence, it is no longer monotonic wrt. the local goal context
12850 (which is now passed through the inductive cases);
12852 * Document preparation: renamed standard symbols \<ll> to \<lless> and
12853 \<gg> to \<ggreater>;
12856 *** Document preparation ***
12858 * \isabellestyle{NAME} selects version of Isabelle output (currently
12859 available: are "it" for near math-mode best-style output, "sl" for
12860 slanted text style, and "tt" for plain type-writer; if no
12861 \isabellestyle command is given, output is according to slanted
12864 * support sub/super scripts (for single symbols only), input syntax is
12865 like this: "A\<^sup>*" or "A\<^sup>\<star>";
12867 * some more standard symbols; see Appendix A of the system manual for
12868 the complete list of symbols defined in isabellesym.sty;
12870 * improved isabelle style files; more abstract symbol implementation
12871 (should now use \isamath{...} and \isatext{...} in custom symbol
12874 * antiquotation @{goals} and @{subgoals} for output of *dynamic* goals
12875 state; Note that presentation of goal states does not conform to
12876 actual human-readable proof documents. Please do not include goal
12877 states into document output unless you really know what you are doing!
12879 * proper indentation of antiquoted output with proportional LaTeX
12882 * no_document ML operator temporarily disables LaTeX document
12885 * isatool unsymbolize tunes sources for plain ASCII communication;
12890 * Pure: Isar now suffers initial goal statements to contain unbound
12891 schematic variables (this does not conform to actual readable proof
12892 documents, due to unpredictable outcome and non-compositional proof
12893 checking); users who know what they are doing may use schematic goals
12894 for Prolog-style synthesis of proven results;
12896 * Pure: assumption method (an implicit finishing) now handles actual
12899 * Pure: improved 'obtain' --- moved to Pure, insert "that" into
12900 initial goal, declare "that" only as Pure intro (only for single
12901 steps); the "that" rule assumption may now be involved in implicit
12902 finishing, thus ".." becomes a feasible for trivial obtains;
12904 * Pure: default proof step now includes 'intro_classes'; thus trivial
12905 instance proofs may be performed by "..";
12907 * Pure: ?thesis / ?this / "..." now work for pure meta-level
12908 statements as well;
12910 * Pure: more robust selection of calculational rules;
12912 * Pure: the builtin notion of 'finished' goal now includes the ==-refl
12913 rule (as well as the assumption rule);
12915 * Pure: 'thm_deps' command visualizes dependencies of theorems and
12916 lemmas, using the graph browser tool;
12918 * Pure: predict failure of "show" in interactive mode;
12920 * Pure: 'thms_containing' now takes actual terms as arguments;
12922 * HOL: improved method 'induct' --- now handles non-atomic goals
12923 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY); tuned error handling;
12925 * HOL: cases and induct rules now provide explicit hints about the
12926 number of facts to be consumed (0 for "type" and 1 for "set" rules);
12927 any remaining facts are inserted into the goal verbatim;
12929 * HOL: local contexts (aka cases) may now contain term bindings as
12930 well; the 'cases' and 'induct' methods new provide a ?case binding for
12931 the result to be shown in each case;
12933 * HOL: added 'recdef_tc' command;
12935 * isatool convert assists in eliminating legacy ML scripts;
12940 * HOL/Library: a collection of generic theories to be used together
12941 with main HOL; the theory loader path already includes this directory
12942 by default; the following existing theories have been moved here:
12943 HOL/Induct/Multiset, HOL/Induct/Acc (as Accessible_Part), HOL/While
12944 (as While_Combinator), HOL/Lex/Prefix (as List_Prefix);
12946 * HOL/Unix: "Some aspects of Unix file-system security", a typical
12947 modelling and verification task performed in Isabelle/HOL +
12948 Isabelle/Isar + Isabelle document preparation (by Markus Wenzel).
12950 * HOL/Algebra: special summation operator SUM no longer exists, it has
12951 been replaced by setsum; infix 'assoc' now has priority 50 (like
12952 'dvd'); axiom 'one_not_zero' has been moved from axclass 'ring' to
12953 'domain', this makes the theory consistent with mathematical
12956 * HOL basics: added overloaded operations "inverse" and "divide"
12957 (infix "/"), syntax for generic "abs" operation, generic summation
12960 * HOL/typedef: simplified package, provide more useful rules (see also
12963 * HOL/datatype: induction rule for arbitrarily branching datatypes is
12964 now expressed as a proper nested rule (old-style tactic scripts may
12965 require atomize_strip_tac to cope with non-atomic premises);
12967 * HOL: renamed theory "Prod" to "Product_Type", renamed "split" rule
12968 to "split_conv" (old name still available for compatibility);
12970 * HOL: improved concrete syntax for strings (e.g. allows translation
12971 rules with string literals);
12973 * HOL-Real-Hyperreal: this extends HOL-Real with the hyperreals
12974 and Fleuriot's mechanization of analysis, including the transcendental
12975 functions for the reals;
12977 * HOL/Real, HOL/Hyperreal: improved arithmetic simplification;
12982 * CTT: x-symbol support for Pi, Sigma, -->, : (membership); note that
12983 "lam" is displayed as TWO lambda-symbols
12985 * CTT: theory Main now available, containing everything (that is, Bool
12991 * Pure: the Simplifier has been implemented properly as a derived rule
12992 outside of the actual kernel (at last!); the overall performance
12993 penalty in practical applications is about 50%, while reliability of
12994 the Isabelle inference kernel has been greatly improved;
12996 * print modes "brackets" and "no_brackets" control output of nested =>
12997 (types) and ==> (props); the default behaviour is "brackets";
12999 * Provers: fast_tac (and friends) now handle actual object-logic rules
13000 as assumptions as well;
13002 * system: support Poly/ML 4.0;
13004 * system: isatool install handles KDE version 1 or 2;
13008 New in Isabelle99-1 (October 2000)
13009 ----------------------------------
13011 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
13013 * HOL: simplification of natural numbers is much changed; to partly
13014 recover the old behaviour (e.g. to prevent n+n rewriting to #2*n)
13015 issue the following ML commands:
13017 Delsimprocs Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.cancel_numerals;
13018 Delsimprocs [Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.combine_numerals];
13020 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions; this is
13021 controlled by "t.weak_case_cong" for each datatype t;
13023 * HOL: nat_less_induct renamed to less_induct;
13025 * HOL: systematic renaming of the SOME (Eps) rules, may use isatool
13026 fixsome to patch .thy and .ML sources automatically;
13028 select_equality -> some_equality
13029 select_eq_Ex -> some_eq_ex
13030 selectI2EX -> someI2_ex
13033 select1_equality -> some1_equality
13034 Eps_sym_eq -> some_sym_eq_trivial
13035 Eps_eq -> some_eq_trivial
13037 * HOL: exhaust_tac on datatypes superceded by new generic case_tac;
13039 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem binding expand_if (refer to split_if
13042 * HOL: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' are now called
13043 f.simps instead of f.rules;
13045 * HOL: qed_spec_mp now also handles bounded ALL as well;
13047 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded, so the type constraint ":: nat" may
13048 sometimes be needed;
13050 * HOL: the constant for "f``x" is now "image" rather than "op ``";
13052 * HOL: the constant for "f-``x" is now "vimage" rather than "op -``";
13054 * HOL: the disjoint sum is now "<+>" instead of "Plus"; the cartesian
13055 product is now "<*>" instead of "Times"; the lexicographic product is
13056 now "<*lex*>" instead of "**";
13058 * HOL: theory Sexp is now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part
13059 of main HOL, but was unused); better use HOL's datatype package;
13061 * HOL: removed "symbols" syntax for constant "override" of theory Map;
13062 the old syntax may be recovered as follows:
13065 override :: "('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b)"
13066 (infixl "\\<oplus>" 100)
13068 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
13070 * HOL/ML: even fewer consts are declared as global (see theories Ord,
13071 Lfp, Gfp, WF); this only affects ML packages that refer to const names
13074 * HOL and ZF: syntax for quotienting wrt an equivalence relation
13075 changed from A/r to A//r;
13077 * ZF: new treatment of arithmetic (nat & int) may break some old
13080 * Isar: renamed some attributes (RS -> THEN, simplify -> simplified,
13081 rulify -> rule_format, elimify -> elim_format, ...);
13083 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
13084 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (in most cases, one
13085 should have to change intro!! to intro? only); replaced "delrule" by
13088 * Isar/HOL: renamed "intrs" to "intros" in inductive definitions;
13090 * Provers: strengthened force_tac by using new first_best_tac;
13092 * LaTeX document preparation: several changes of isabelle.sty (see
13096 *** Document preparation ***
13098 * formal comments (text blocks etc.) in new-style theories may now
13099 contain antiquotations of thm/prop/term/typ/text to be presented
13100 according to latex print mode; concrete syntax is like this:
13101 @{term[show_types] "f(x) = a + x"};
13103 * isatool mkdir provides easy setup of Isabelle session directories,
13104 including proper document sources;
13106 * generated LaTeX sources are now deleted after successful run
13107 (isatool document -c); may retain a copy somewhere else via -D option
13110 * isatool usedir -D now lets isatool latex -o sty update the Isabelle
13111 style files, achieving self-contained LaTeX sources and simplifying
13114 * old-style theories now produce (crude) LaTeX output as well;
13116 * browser info session directories are now self-contained (may be put
13117 on WWW server seperately); improved graphs of nested sessions; removed
13118 graph for 'all sessions';
13120 * several improvements in isabelle style files; \isabellestyle{it}
13121 produces fake math mode output; \isamarkupheader is now \section by
13122 default; see lib/texinputs/isabelle.sty etc.;
13127 * Isar/Pure: local results and corresponding term bindings are now
13128 subject to Hindley-Milner polymorphism (similar to ML); this
13129 accommodates incremental type-inference very nicely;
13131 * Isar/Pure: new derived language element 'obtain' supports
13132 generalized existence reasoning;
13134 * Isar/Pure: new calculational elements 'moreover' and 'ultimately'
13135 support accumulation of results, without applying any rules yet;
13136 useful to collect intermediate results without explicit name
13137 references, and for use with transitivity rules with more than 2
13140 * Isar/Pure: scalable support for case-analysis type proofs: new
13141 'case' language element refers to local contexts symbolically, as
13142 produced by certain proof methods; internally, case names are attached
13143 to theorems as "tags";
13145 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'hide' removes declarations from
13146 class/type/const name spaces;
13148 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'defs' supports option "(overloaded)" to
13149 indicate potential overloading;
13151 * Isar/Pure: changed syntax of local blocks from {{ }} to { };
13153 * Isar/Pure: syntax of sorts made 'inner', i.e. have to write
13154 "{a,b,c}" instead of {a,b,c};
13156 * Isar/Pure now provides its own version of intro/elim/dest
13157 attributes; useful for building new logics, but beware of confusion
13158 with the version in Provers/classical;
13160 * Isar/Pure: the local context of (non-atomic) goals is provided via
13161 case name 'antecedent';
13163 * Isar/Pure: removed obsolete 'transfer' attribute (transfer of thms
13164 to the current context is now done automatically);
13166 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'method_setup' provides a simple interface
13167 for definining proof methods in ML;
13169 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
13170 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (INCOMPATIBILITY, in
13171 most cases, one should have to change intro!! to intro? only);
13172 replaced "delrule" by "rule del";
13174 * Isar/Provers: new 'hypsubst' method, plain 'subst' method and
13175 'symmetric' attribute (the latter supercedes [RS sym]);
13177 * Isar/Provers: splitter support (via 'split' attribute and 'simp'
13178 method modifier); 'simp' method: 'only:' modifier removes loopers as
13179 well (including splits);
13181 * Isar/Provers: Simplifier and Classical methods now support all kind
13182 of modifiers used in the past, including 'cong', 'iff', etc.
13184 * Isar/Provers: added 'fastsimp' and 'clarsimp' methods (combination
13185 of Simplifier and Classical reasoner);
13187 * Isar/HOL: new proof method 'cases' and improved version of 'induct'
13188 now support named cases; major packages (inductive, datatype, primrec,
13189 recdef) support case names and properly name parameters;
13191 * Isar/HOL: new transitivity rules for substitution in inequalities --
13192 monotonicity conditions are extracted to be proven at end of
13195 * Isar/HOL: removed 'case_split' thm binding, should use 'cases' proof
13198 * Isar/HOL: removed old expand_if = split_if; theorems if_splits =
13199 split_if split_if_asm; datatype package provides theorems foo.splits =
13200 foo.split foo.split_asm for each datatype;
13202 * Isar/HOL: tuned inductive package, rename "intrs" to "intros"
13203 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY), emulation of mk_cases feature for proof
13204 scripts: new 'inductive_cases' command and 'ind_cases' method; (Note:
13205 use "(cases (simplified))" method in proper proof texts);
13207 * Isar/HOL: added global 'arith_split' attribute for 'arith' method;
13209 * Isar: names of theorems etc. may be natural numbers as well;
13211 * Isar: 'pr' command: optional arguments for goals_limit and
13212 ProofContext.prems_limit; no longer prints theory contexts, but only
13215 * Isar: diagnostic commands 'pr', 'thm', 'prop', 'term', 'typ' admit
13216 additional print modes to be specified; e.g. "pr(latex)" will print
13217 proof state according to the Isabelle LaTeX style;
13219 * Isar: improved support for emulating tactic scripts, including proof
13220 methods 'rule_tac' etc., 'cut_tac', 'thin_tac', 'subgoal_tac',
13221 'rename_tac', 'rotate_tac', 'tactic', and 'case_tac' / 'induct_tac'
13222 (for HOL datatypes);
13224 * Isar: simplified (more robust) goal selection of proof methods: 1st
13225 goal, all goals, or explicit goal specifier (tactic emulation); thus
13226 'proof method scripts' have to be in depth-first order;
13228 * Isar: tuned 'let' syntax: replaced 'as' keyword by 'and';
13230 * Isar: removed 'help' command, which hasn't been too helpful anyway;
13231 should instead use individual commands for printing items
13232 (print_commands, print_methods etc.);
13234 * Isar: added 'nothing' --- the empty list of theorems;
13239 * HOL/MicroJava: formalization of a fragment of Java, together with a
13240 corresponding virtual machine and a specification of its bytecode
13241 verifier and a lightweight bytecode verifier, including proofs of
13242 type-safety; by Gerwin Klein, Tobias Nipkow, David von Oheimb, and
13243 Cornelia Pusch (see also the homepage of project Bali at
13244 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Bali/);
13246 * HOL/Algebra: new theory of rings and univariate polynomials, by
13249 * HOL/NumberTheory: fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Chinese
13250 Remainder Theorem, Fermat/Euler Theorem, Wilson's Theorem, by Thomas M
13253 * HOL/Lattice: fundamental concepts of lattice theory and order
13254 structures, including duals, properties of bounds versus algebraic
13255 laws, lattice operations versus set-theoretic ones, the Knaster-Tarski
13256 Theorem for complete lattices etc.; may also serve as a demonstration
13257 for abstract algebraic reasoning using axiomatic type classes, and
13258 mathematics-style proof in Isabelle/Isar; by Markus Wenzel;
13260 * HOL/Prolog: a (bare-bones) implementation of Lambda-Prolog, by David
13263 * HOL/IMPP: extension of IMP with local variables and mutually
13264 recursive procedures, by David von Oheimb;
13266 * HOL/Lambda: converted into new-style theory and document;
13268 * HOL/ex/Multiquote: example of multiple nested quotations and
13269 anti-quotations -- basically a generalized version of de-Bruijn
13270 representation; very useful in avoiding lifting of operations;
13272 * HOL/record: added general record equality rule to simpset; fixed
13273 select-update simplification procedure to handle extended records as
13274 well; admit "r" as field name;
13276 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded over the new sort "zero", allowing its use with
13277 other numeric types and also as the identity of groups, rings, etc.;
13279 * HOL: new axclass plus_ac0 for addition with the AC-laws and 0 as identity.
13280 Types nat and int belong to this axclass;
13282 * HOL: greatly improved simplification involving numerals of type nat, int, real:
13283 (i + #8 + j) = Suc k simplifies to #7 + (i + j) = k
13284 i*j + k + j*#3*i simplifies to #4*(i*j) + k
13285 two terms #m*u and #n*u are replaced by #(m+n)*u
13286 (where #m, #n and u can implicitly be 1; this is simproc combine_numerals)
13287 and the term/formula #m*u+x ~~ #n*u+y simplifies simplifies to #(m-n)+x ~~ y
13288 or x ~~ #(n-m)+y, where ~~ is one of = < <= or - (simproc cancel_numerals);
13290 * HOL: meson_tac is available (previously in ex/meson.ML); it is a
13291 powerful prover for predicate logic but knows nothing of clasets; see
13292 ex/mesontest.ML and ex/mesontest2.ML for example applications;
13294 * HOL: new version of "case_tac" subsumes both boolean case split and
13295 "exhaust_tac" on datatypes; INCOMPATIBILITY: exhaust_tac no longer
13296 exists, may define val exhaust_tac = case_tac for ad-hoc portability;
13298 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions: only the
13299 selector expression is simplified, but not the remaining arms; to
13300 enable full simplification of case-expressions for datatype t, you may
13301 remove t.weak_case_cong from the simpset, either globally (Delcongs
13302 [thm"t.weak_case_cong"];) or locally (delcongs [...]).
13304 * HOL/recdef: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' for
13305 function 'f' are now called f.simps instead of f.rules; if all
13306 termination conditions are proved automatically, these simplification
13307 rules are added to the simpset, as in primrec; rules may be named
13308 individually as well, resulting in a separate list of theorems for
13311 * HOL/While is a new theory that provides a while-combinator. It
13312 permits the definition of tail-recursive functions without the
13313 provision of a termination measure. The latter is necessary once the
13314 invariant proof rule for while is applied.
13316 * HOL: new (overloaded) notation for the set of elements below/above
13317 some element: {..u}, {..u(}, {l..}, {)l..}. See theory SetInterval.
13319 * HOL: theorems impI, allI, ballI bound as "strip";
13321 * HOL: new tactic induct_thm_tac: thm -> string -> int -> tactic
13322 induct_tac th "x1 ... xn" expects th to have a conclusion of the form
13323 P v1 ... vn and abbreviates res_inst_tac [("v1","x1"),...,("vn","xn")] th;
13325 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
13327 * HOL: theory Sexp now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part of
13328 main HOL, but was unused);
13330 * HOL: fewer consts declared as global (e.g. have to refer to
13331 "Lfp.lfp" instead of "lfp" internally; affects ML packages only);
13333 * HOL: tuned AST representation of nested pairs, avoiding bogus output
13334 in case of overlap with user translations (e.g. judgements over
13335 tuples); (note that the underlying logical represenation is still
13341 * ZF: simplification automatically cancels common terms in arithmetic
13342 expressions over nat and int;
13344 * ZF: new treatment of nat to minimize type-checking: all operators
13345 coerce their operands to a natural number using the function natify,
13346 making the algebraic laws unconditional;
13348 * ZF: as above, for int: operators coerce their operands to an integer
13349 using the function intify;
13351 * ZF: the integer library now contains many of the usual laws for the
13352 orderings, including $<=, and monotonicity laws for $+ and $*;
13354 * ZF: new example ZF/ex/NatSum to demonstrate integer arithmetic
13357 * FOL and ZF: AddIffs now available, giving theorems of the form P<->Q
13358 to the simplifier and classical reasoner simultaneously;
13363 * Provers: blast_tac now handles actual object-logic rules as
13364 assumptions; note that auto_tac uses blast_tac internally as well;
13366 * Provers: new functions rulify/rulify_no_asm: thm -> thm for turning
13367 outer -->/All/Ball into ==>/!!; qed_spec_mp now uses rulify_no_asm;
13369 * Provers: delrules now handles destruct rules as well (no longer need
13370 explicit make_elim);
13372 * Provers: Blast_tac now warns of and ignores "weak elimination rules" e.g.
13373 [| inj ?f; ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
13374 use instead the strong form,
13375 [| inj ?f; ~ ?W ==> ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
13376 in HOL, FOL and ZF the function cla_make_elim will create such rules
13377 from destruct-rules;
13379 * Provers: Simplifier.easy_setup provides a fast path to basic
13380 Simplifier setup for new object-logics;
13382 * Pure: AST translation rules no longer require constant head on LHS;
13384 * Pure: improved name spaces: ambiguous output is qualified; support
13385 for hiding of names;
13387 * system: smart setup of canonical ML_HOME, ISABELLE_INTERFACE, and
13388 XSYMBOL_HOME; no longer need to do manual configuration in most
13391 * system: compression of ML heaps images may now be controlled via -c
13392 option of isabelle and isatool usedir (currently only observed by
13395 * system: isatool installfonts may handle X-Symbol fonts as well (very
13396 useful for remote X11);
13398 * system: provide TAGS file for Isabelle sources;
13400 * ML: infix 'OF' is a version of 'MRS' with more appropriate argument
13403 * ML: renamed flags Syntax.trace_norm_ast to Syntax.trace_ast; global
13404 timing flag supersedes proof_timing and Toplevel.trace;
13406 * ML: new combinators |>> and |>>> for incremental transformations
13407 with secondary results (e.g. certain theory extensions):
13409 * ML: PureThy.add_defs gets additional argument to indicate potential
13410 overloading (usually false);
13412 * ML: PureThy.add_thms/add_axioms/add_defs now return theorems as
13417 New in Isabelle99 (October 1999)
13418 --------------------------------
13420 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
13422 * HOL: The THEN and ELSE parts of conditional expressions (if P then x else y)
13423 are no longer simplified. (This allows the simplifier to unfold recursive
13424 functional programs.) To restore the old behaviour, declare
13426 Delcongs [if_weak_cong];
13428 * HOL: Removed the obsolete syntax "Compl A"; use -A for set
13431 * HOL: the predicate "inj" is now defined by translation to "inj_on";
13433 * HOL/datatype: mutual_induct_tac no longer exists --
13434 use induct_tac "x_1 ... x_n" instead of mutual_induct_tac ["x_1", ..., "x_n"]
13436 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
13437 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
13439 * ZF: The con_defs part of an inductive definition may no longer refer
13440 to constants declared in the same theory;
13442 * HOL, ZF: the function mk_cases, generated by the inductive
13443 definition package, has lost an argument. To simplify its result, it
13444 uses the default simpset instead of a supplied list of theorems.
13446 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
13448 * Simplifier: the type of the infix ML functions
13449 setSSolver addSSolver setSolver addSolver
13450 is now simpset * solver -> simpset where `solver' is a new abstract type
13451 for packaging solvers. A solver is created via
13452 mk_solver: string -> (thm list -> int -> tactic) -> solver
13453 where the string argument is only a comment.
13456 *** Proof tools ***
13458 * Provers/Arith/fast_lin_arith.ML contains a functor for creating a
13459 decision procedure for linear arithmetic. Currently it is used for
13460 types `nat', `int', and `real' in HOL (see below); it can, should and
13461 will be instantiated for other types and logics as well.
13463 * The simplifier now accepts rewrite rules with flexible heads, eg
13464 hom ?f ==> ?f(?x+?y) = ?f ?x + ?f ?y
13465 They are applied like any rule with a non-pattern lhs, i.e. by first-order
13471 * New Isabelle/Isar subsystem provides an alternative to traditional
13472 tactical theorem proving; together with the ProofGeneral/isar user
13473 interface it offers an interactive environment for developing human
13474 readable proof documents (Isar == Intelligible semi-automated
13475 reasoning); for further information see isatool doc isar-ref,
13476 src/HOL/Isar_examples and http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Isar/
13478 * improved and simplified presentation of theories: better HTML markup
13479 (including colors), graph views in several sizes; isatool usedir now
13480 provides a proper interface for user theories (via -P option); actual
13481 document preparation based on (PDF)LaTeX is available as well (for
13482 new-style theories only); see isatool doc system for more information;
13484 * native support for Proof General, both for classic Isabelle and
13487 * ML function thm_deps visualizes dependencies of theorems and lemmas,
13488 using the graph browser tool;
13490 * Isabelle manuals now also available as PDF;
13492 * theory loader rewritten from scratch (may not be fully
13493 bug-compatible); old loadpath variable has been replaced by show_path,
13494 add_path, del_path, reset_path functions; new operations such as
13495 update_thy, touch_thy, remove_thy, use/update_thy_only (see also
13498 * improved isatool install: option -k creates KDE application icon,
13499 option -p DIR installs standalone binaries;
13501 * added ML_PLATFORM setting (useful for cross-platform installations);
13502 more robust handling of platform specific ML images for SML/NJ;
13504 * the settings environment is now statically scoped, i.e. it is never
13505 created again in sub-processes invoked from isabelle, isatool, or
13508 * path element specification '~~' refers to '$ISABELLE_HOME';
13510 * in locales, the "assumes" and "defines" parts may be omitted if
13513 * new print_mode "xsymbols" for extended symbol support (e.g. genuine
13516 * new print_mode "HTML";
13518 * new flag show_tags controls display of tags of theorems (which are
13519 basically just comments that may be attached by some tools);
13521 * Isamode 2.6 requires patch to accomodate change of Isabelle font
13522 mode and goal output format:
13524 diff -r Isamode-2.6/elisp/isa-load.el Isamode/elisp/isa-load.el
13526 < (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-msymbols" logic-name)
13528 > (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-misabelle_font" "-msymbols" logic-name)
13529 diff -r Isabelle-2.6/elisp/isa-proofstate.el Isamode/elisp/isa-proofstate.el
13531 < (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+$"
13533 > (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+"
13535 * function bind_thms stores lists of theorems (cf. bind_thm);
13537 * new shorthand tactics ftac, eatac, datac, fatac;
13539 * qed (and friends) now accept "" as result name; in that case the
13540 theorem is not stored, but proper checks and presentation of the
13541 result still apply;
13543 * theorem database now also indexes constants "Trueprop", "all",
13544 "==>", "=="; thus thms_containing, findI etc. may retrieve more rules;
13549 ** HOL arithmetic **
13551 * There are now decision procedures for linear arithmetic over nat and
13554 1. arith_tac copes with arbitrary formulae involving `=', `<', `<=',
13555 `+', `-', `Suc', `min', `max' and numerical constants; other subterms
13556 are treated as atomic; subformulae not involving type `nat' or `int'
13557 are ignored; quantified subformulae are ignored unless they are
13558 positive universal or negative existential. The tactic has to be
13559 invoked by hand and can be a little bit slow. In particular, the
13560 running time is exponential in the number of occurrences of `min' and
13561 `max', and `-' on `nat'.
13563 2. fast_arith_tac is a cut-down version of arith_tac: it only takes
13564 (negated) (in)equalities among the premises and the conclusion into
13565 account (i.e. no compound formulae) and does not know about `min' and
13566 `max', and `-' on `nat'. It is fast and is used automatically by the
13569 NB: At the moment, these decision procedures do not cope with mixed
13570 nat/int formulae where the two parts interact, such as `m < n ==>
13573 * HOL/Numeral provides a generic theory of numerals (encoded
13574 efficiently as bit strings); setup for types nat/int/real is in place;
13575 INCOMPATIBILITY: since numeral syntax is now polymorphic, rather than
13576 int, existing theories and proof scripts may require a few additional
13579 * integer division and remainder can now be performed on constant
13582 * many properties of integer multiplication, division and remainder
13585 * An interface to the Stanford Validity Checker (SVC) is available through the
13586 tactic svc_tac. Propositional tautologies and theorems of linear arithmetic
13587 are proved automatically. SVC must be installed separately, and its results
13588 must be TAKEN ON TRUST (Isabelle does not check the proofs, but tags any
13589 invocation of the underlying oracle). For SVC see
13590 http://verify.stanford.edu/SVC
13592 * IsaMakefile: the HOL-Real target now builds an actual image;
13597 * HOL/Real/HahnBanach: the Hahn-Banach theorem for real vector spaces
13598 (in Isabelle/Isar) -- by Gertrud Bauer;
13600 * HOL/BCV: generic model of bytecode verification, i.e. data-flow
13601 analysis for assembly languages with subtypes;
13603 * HOL/TLA (Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions): major reorganization
13604 -- avoids syntactic ambiguities and treats state, transition, and
13605 temporal levels more uniformly; introduces INCOMPATIBILITIES due to
13606 changed syntax and (many) tactics;
13608 * HOL/inductive: Now also handles more general introduction rules such
13609 as "ALL y. (y, x) : r --> y : acc r ==> x : acc r"; monotonicity
13610 theorems are now maintained within the theory (maintained via the
13613 * HOL/datatype: Now also handles arbitrarily branching datatypes
13614 (using function types) such as
13616 datatype 'a tree = Atom 'a | Branch "nat => 'a tree"
13618 * HOL/record: record_simproc (part of the default simpset) takes care
13619 of selectors applied to updated records; record_split_tac is no longer
13620 part of the default claset; update_defs may now be removed from the
13621 simpset in many cases; COMPATIBILITY: old behavior achieved by
13623 claset_ref () := claset() addSWrapper record_split_wrapper;
13624 Delsimprocs [record_simproc]
13626 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
13627 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
13629 * HOL/recdef (TFL): 'congs' syntax now expects comma separated list of theorem
13630 names rather than an ML expression;
13632 * HOL/defer_recdef (TFL): like recdef but the well-founded relation can be
13633 supplied later. Program schemes can be defined, such as
13634 "While B C s = (if B s then While B C (C s) else s)"
13635 where the well-founded relation can be chosen after B and C have been given.
13637 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
13638 INCOMPATIBILITY: while [] and infix # syntax is still there, of
13639 course, ML tools referring to List.list.op # etc. have to be adapted;
13641 * HOL_quantifiers flag superseded by "HOL" print mode, which is
13642 disabled by default; run isabelle with option -m HOL to get back to
13643 the original Gordon/HOL-style output;
13645 * HOL/Ord.thy: new bounded quantifier syntax (input only): ALL x<y. P,
13646 ALL x<=y. P, EX x<y. P, EX x<=y. P;
13648 * HOL basic syntax simplified (more orthogonal): all variants of
13649 All/Ex now support plain / symbolic / HOL notation; plain syntax for
13650 Eps operator is provided as well: "SOME x. P[x]";
13652 * HOL/Sum.thy: sum_case has been moved to HOL/Datatype;
13654 * HOL/Univ.thy: infix syntax <*>, <+>, <**>, <+> eliminated and made
13655 thus available for user theories;
13657 * HOLCF/IOA/Sequents: renamed 'Cons' to 'Consq' to avoid clash with
13658 HOL/List; hardly an INCOMPATIBILITY since '>>' syntax is used all the
13661 * HOL: new tactic smp_tac: int -> int -> tactic, which applies spec
13662 several times and then mp;
13667 * the notation <<...>> is now available as a notation for sequences of
13670 * the simplifier is now installed
13672 * the axiom system has been generalized (thanks to Soren Heilmann)
13674 * the classical reasoner now has a default rule database
13679 * new primrec section allows primitive recursive functions to be given
13680 directly (as in HOL) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
13682 * new tactics induct_tac and exhaust_tac for induction (or case
13683 analysis) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
13685 * the datatype declaration of type T now defines the recursor T_rec;
13687 * simplification automatically does freeness reasoning for datatype
13690 * automatic type-inference, with AddTCs command to insert new
13691 type-checking rules;
13693 * datatype introduction rules are now added as Safe Introduction rules
13696 * the syntax "if P then x else y" is now available in addition to
13700 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
13702 * tuned simplifier trace output; new flag debug_simp;
13704 * structures Vartab / Termtab (instances of TableFun) offer efficient
13705 tables indexed by indexname_ord / term_ord (compatible with aconv);
13707 * AxClass.axclass_tac lost the theory argument;
13709 * tuned current_goals_markers semantics: begin / end goal avoids
13710 printing empty lines;
13712 * removed prs and prs_fn hook, which was broken because it did not
13713 include \n in its semantics, forcing writeln to add one
13714 uncoditionally; replaced prs_fn by writeln_fn; consider std_output:
13715 string -> unit if you really want to output text without newline;
13717 * Symbol.output subject to print mode; INCOMPATIBILITY: defaults to
13718 plain output, interface builders may have to enable 'isabelle_font'
13719 mode to get Isabelle font glyphs as before;
13721 * refined token_translation interface; INCOMPATIBILITY: output length
13722 now of type real instead of int;
13724 * theory loader actions may be traced via new ThyInfo.add_hook
13725 interface (see src/Pure/Thy/thy_info.ML); example application: keep
13726 your own database of information attached to *whole* theories -- as
13727 opposed to intra-theory data slots offered via TheoryDataFun;
13729 * proper handling of dangling sort hypotheses (at last!);
13730 Thm.strip_shyps and Drule.strip_shyps_warning take care of removing
13731 extra sort hypotheses that can be witnessed from the type signature;
13732 the force_strip_shyps flag is gone, any remaining shyps are simply
13733 left in the theorem (with a warning issued by strip_shyps_warning);
13737 New in Isabelle98-1 (October 1998)
13738 ----------------------------------
13740 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
13742 * several changes of automated proof tools;
13744 * HOL: major changes to the inductive and datatype packages, including
13745 some minor incompatibilities of theory syntax;
13747 * HOL: renamed r^-1 to 'converse' from 'inverse'; 'inj_onto' is now
13750 * HOL: removed duplicate thms in Arith:
13751 less_imp_add_less should be replaced by trans_less_add1
13752 le_imp_add_le should be replaced by trans_le_add1
13754 * HOL: unary minus is now overloaded (new type constraints may be
13757 * HOL and ZF: unary minus for integers is now #- instead of #~. In
13758 ZF, expressions such as n#-1 must be changed to n#- 1, since #-1 is
13759 now taken as an integer constant.
13761 * Pure: ML function 'theory_of' renamed to 'theory';
13764 *** Proof tools ***
13767 1. Asm_full_simp_tac is now more aggressive.
13768 1. It will sometimes reorient premises if that increases their power to
13770 2. It does no longer proceed strictly from left to right but may also
13771 rotate premises to achieve further simplification.
13772 For compatibility reasons there is now Asm_lr_simp_tac which is like the
13773 old Asm_full_simp_tac in that it does not rotate premises.
13774 2. The simplifier now knows a little bit about nat-arithmetic.
13776 * Classical reasoner: wrapper mechanism for the classical reasoner now
13777 allows for selected deletion of wrappers, by introduction of names for
13778 wrapper functionals. This implies that addbefore, addSbefore,
13779 addaltern, and addSaltern now take a pair (name, tactic) as argument,
13780 and that adding two tactics with the same name overwrites the first
13781 one (emitting a warning).
13782 type wrapper = (int -> tactic) -> (int -> tactic)
13783 setWrapper, setSWrapper, compWrapper and compSWrapper are replaced by
13784 addWrapper, addSWrapper: claset * (string * wrapper) -> claset
13785 delWrapper, delSWrapper: claset * string -> claset
13786 getWrapper is renamed to appWrappers, getSWrapper to appSWrappers;
13788 * Classical reasoner: addbefore/addSbefore now have APPEND/ORELSE
13789 semantics; addbefore now affects only the unsafe part of step_tac
13790 etc.; this affects addss/auto_tac/force_tac, so EXISTING PROOFS MAY
13791 FAIL, but proofs should be fixable easily, e.g. by replacing Auto_tac
13794 * Classical reasoner: setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to
13795 compWrapper; added safe wrapper (and access functions for it);
13797 * HOL/split_all_tac is now much faster and fails if there is nothing
13798 to split. Some EXISTING PROOFS MAY REQUIRE ADAPTION because the order
13799 and the names of the automatically generated variables have changed.
13800 split_all_tac has moved within claset() from unsafe wrappers to safe
13801 wrappers, which means that !!-bound variables are split much more
13802 aggressively, and safe_tac and clarify_tac now split such variables.
13803 If this splitting is not appropriate, use delSWrapper "split_all_tac".
13804 Note: the same holds for record_split_tac, which does the job of
13805 split_all_tac for record fields.
13807 * HOL/Simplifier: Rewrite rules for case distinctions can now be added
13808 permanently to the default simpset using Addsplits just like
13809 Addsimps. They can be removed via Delsplits just like
13810 Delsimps. Lower-case versions are also available.
13812 * HOL/Simplifier: The rule split_if is now part of the default
13813 simpset. This means that the simplifier will eliminate all occurrences
13814 of if-then-else in the conclusion of a goal. To prevent this, you can
13815 either remove split_if completely from the default simpset by
13816 `Delsplits [split_if]' or remove it in a specific call of the
13817 simplifier using `... delsplits [split_if]'. You can also add/delete
13818 other case splitting rules to/from the default simpset: every datatype
13819 generates suitable rules `split_t_case' and `split_t_case_asm' (where
13820 t is the name of the datatype).
13822 * Classical reasoner / Simplifier combination: new force_tac (and
13823 derivatives Force_tac, force) combines rewriting and classical
13824 reasoning (and whatever other tools) similarly to auto_tac, but is
13825 aimed to solve the given subgoal completely.
13830 * new top-level commands `Goal' and `Goalw' that improve upon `goal'
13831 and `goalw': the theory is no longer needed as an explicit argument -
13832 the current theory context is used; assumptions are no longer returned
13833 at the ML-level unless one of them starts with ==> or !!; it is
13834 recommended to convert to these new commands using isatool fixgoal
13835 (backup your sources first!);
13837 * new top-level commands 'thm' and 'thms' for retrieving theorems from
13838 the current theory context, and 'theory' to lookup stored theories;
13840 * new theory section 'locale' for declaring constants, assumptions and
13841 definitions that have local scope;
13843 * new theory section 'nonterminals' for purely syntactic types;
13845 * new theory section 'setup' for generic ML setup functions
13846 (e.g. package initialization);
13848 * the distribution now includes Isabelle icons: see
13849 lib/logo/isabelle-{small,tiny}.xpm;
13851 * isatool install - install binaries with absolute references to
13854 * isatool logo -- create instances of the Isabelle logo (as EPS);
13856 * print mode 'emacs' reserved for Isamode;
13858 * support multiple print (ast) translations per constant name;
13860 * theorems involving oracles are now printed with a suffixed [!];
13865 * there is now a tutorial on Isabelle/HOL (do 'isatool doc tutorial');
13867 * HOL/inductive package reorganized and improved: now supports mutual
13868 definitions such as
13873 oddI "n : EVEN ==> Suc n : ODD"
13874 evenI "n : ODD ==> Suc n : EVEN"
13876 new theorem list "elims" contains an elimination rule for each of the
13877 recursive sets; inductive definitions now handle disjunctive premises
13878 correctly (also ZF);
13880 INCOMPATIBILITIES: requires Inductive as an ancestor; component
13881 "mutual_induct" no longer exists - the induction rule is always
13882 contained in "induct";
13885 * HOL/datatype package re-implemented and greatly improved: now
13886 supports mutually recursive datatypes such as
13889 'a aexp = IF_THEN_ELSE ('a bexp) ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
13890 | SUM ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
13891 | DIFF ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
13894 'a bexp = LESS ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
13895 | AND ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
13896 | OR ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
13898 as well as indirectly recursive datatypes such as
13901 ('a, 'b) term = Var 'a
13902 | App 'b ((('a, 'b) term) list)
13904 The new tactic mutual_induct_tac [<var_1>, ..., <var_n>] i performs
13905 induction on mutually / indirectly recursive datatypes.
13907 Primrec equations are now stored in theory and can be accessed via
13908 <function_name>.simps.
13912 - Theories using datatypes must now have theory Datatype as an
13914 - The specific <typename>.induct_tac no longer exists - use the
13915 generic induct_tac instead.
13916 - natE has been renamed to nat.exhaust - use exhaust_tac
13917 instead of res_inst_tac ... natE. Note that the variable
13918 names in nat.exhaust differ from the names in natE, this
13919 may cause some "fragile" proofs to fail.
13920 - The theorems split_<typename>_case and split_<typename>_case_asm
13921 have been renamed to <typename>.split and <typename>.split_asm.
13922 - Since default sorts of type variables are now handled correctly,
13923 some datatype definitions may have to be annotated with explicit
13925 - Primrec definitions no longer require function name and type
13926 of recursive argument.
13928 Consider using isatool fixdatatype to adapt your theories and proof
13929 scripts to the new package (backup your sources first!).
13932 * HOL/record package: considerably improved implementation; now
13933 includes concrete syntax for record types, terms, updates; theorems
13934 for surjective pairing and splitting !!-bound record variables; proof
13935 support is as follows:
13937 1) standard conversions (selectors or updates applied to record
13938 constructor terms) are part of the standard simpset;
13940 2) inject equations of the form ((x, y) = (x', y')) == x=x' & y=y' are
13941 made part of standard simpset and claset via addIffs;
13943 3) a tactic for record field splitting (record_split_tac) is part of
13944 the standard claset (addSWrapper);
13946 To get a better idea about these rules you may retrieve them via
13947 something like 'thms "foo.simps"' or 'thms "foo.iffs"', where "foo" is
13948 the name of your record type.
13950 The split tactic 3) conceptually simplifies by the following rule:
13952 "(!!x. PROP ?P x) == (!!a b. PROP ?P (a, b))"
13954 Thus any record variable that is bound by meta-all will automatically
13955 blow up into some record constructor term, consequently the
13956 simplifications of 1), 2) apply. Thus force_tac, auto_tac etc. shall
13957 solve record problems automatically.
13960 * reorganized the main HOL image: HOL/Integ and String loaded by
13961 default; theory Main includes everything;
13963 * automatic simplification of integer sums and comparisons, using cancellation;
13965 * added option_map_eq_Some and not_Some_eq to the default simpset and claset;
13967 * added disj_not1 = "(~P | Q) = (P --> Q)" to the default simpset;
13969 * many new identities for unions, intersections, set difference, etc.;
13971 * expand_if, expand_split, expand_sum_case and expand_nat_case are now
13972 called split_if, split_split, split_sum_case and split_nat_case (to go
13973 with add/delsplits);
13975 * HOL/Prod introduces simplification procedure unit_eq_proc rewriting
13976 (?x::unit) = (); this is made part of the default simpset, which COULD
13977 MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL under rare circumstances (consider
13978 'Delsimprocs [unit_eq_proc];' as last resort); also note that
13979 unit_abs_eta_conv is added in order to counter the effect of
13980 unit_eq_proc on (%u::unit. f u), replacing it by f rather than by
13983 * HOL/Fun INCOMPATIBILITY: `inj_onto' is now called `inj_on' (which
13986 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
13987 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
13988 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
13990 * HOL/Relation INCOMPATIBILITY: renamed the relational operator r^-1
13991 to 'converse' from 'inverse' (for compatibility with ZF and some
13994 * HOL/recdef can now declare non-recursive functions, with {} supplied as
13995 the well-founded relation;
13997 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: the complement of set A is now written -A instead of
13998 Compl A. The "Compl" syntax remains available as input syntax for this
14001 * HOL/Update: new theory of function updates:
14002 f(a:=b) == %x. if x=a then b else f x
14003 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
14005 * HOL/Vimage: new theory for inverse image of a function, syntax f-``B;
14008 - new function list_update written xs[i:=v] that updates the i-th
14009 list position. May also be iterated as in xs[i:=a,j:=b,...].
14010 - new function `upt' written [i..j(] which generates the list
14011 [i,i+1,...,j-1], i.e. the upper bound is excluded. To include the upper
14012 bound write [i..j], which is a shorthand for [i..j+1(].
14013 - new lexicographic orderings and corresponding wellfoundedness theorems.
14016 - removed 'pred' (predecessor) function;
14017 - generalized some theorems about n-1;
14018 - many new laws about "div" and "mod";
14019 - new laws about greatest common divisors (see theory ex/Primes);
14021 * HOL/Relation: renamed the relational operator r^-1 "converse"
14022 instead of "inverse";
14024 * HOL/Induct/Multiset: a theory of multisets, including the wellfoundedness
14025 of the multiset ordering;
14027 * directory HOL/Real: a construction of the reals using Dedekind cuts
14028 (not included by default);
14030 * directory HOL/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY formalism;
14032 * directory HOL/Hoare: a new version of Hoare logic which permits many-sorted
14033 programs, i.e. different program variables may have different types.
14035 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
14036 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
14037 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
14042 * theory Main includes everything; INCOMPATIBILITY: theory ZF.thy contains
14043 only the theorems proved on ZF.ML;
14045 * ZF INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
14046 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
14047 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
14049 * ZF/Update: new theory of function updates
14050 with default rewrite rule f(x:=y) ` z = if(z=x, y, f`z)
14051 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
14053 * in let x=t in u(x), neither t nor u(x) has to be an FOL term.
14055 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
14056 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
14057 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
14059 * case_tac provided for compatibility with HOL
14060 (like the old excluded_middle_tac, but with subgoals swapped)
14063 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
14065 * Pure: several new basic modules made available for general use, see
14066 also src/Pure/README;
14068 * improved the theory data mechanism to support encapsulation (data
14069 kind name replaced by private Object.kind, acting as authorization
14070 key); new type-safe user interface via functor TheoryDataFun; generic
14071 print_data function becomes basically useless;
14073 * removed global_names compatibility flag -- all theory declarations
14074 are qualified by default;
14076 * module Pure/Syntax now offers quote / antiquote translation
14077 functions (useful for Hoare logic etc. with implicit dependencies);
14078 see HOL/ex/Antiquote for an example use;
14080 * Simplifier now offers conversions (asm_)(full_)rewrite: simpset ->
14083 * new tactical CHANGED_GOAL for checking that a tactic modifies a
14086 * Display.print_goals function moved to Locale.print_goals;
14088 * standard print function for goals supports current_goals_markers
14089 variable for marking begin of proof, end of proof, start of goal; the
14090 default is ("", "", ""); setting current_goals_markers := ("<proof>",
14091 "</proof>", "<goal>") causes SGML like tagged proof state printing,
14096 New in Isabelle98 (January 1998)
14097 --------------------------------
14099 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
14101 * changed lexical syntax of terms / types: dots made part of long
14102 identifiers, e.g. "%x.x" no longer possible, should be "%x. x";
14104 * simpset (and claset) reference variable replaced by functions
14105 simpset / simpset_ref;
14107 * no longer supports theory aliases (via merge) and non-trivial
14108 implicit merge of thms' signatures;
14110 * most internal names of constants changed due to qualified names;
14112 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML);
14115 *** General Changes ***
14117 * hierachically structured name spaces (for consts, types, axms, thms
14118 etc.); new lexical class 'longid' (e.g. Foo.bar.x) may render much of
14119 old input syntactically incorrect (e.g. "%x.x"); COMPATIBILITY:
14120 isatool fixdots ensures space after dots (e.g. "%x. x"); set
14121 long_names for fully qualified output names; NOTE: ML programs
14122 (special tactics, packages etc.) referring to internal names may have
14123 to be adapted to cope with fully qualified names; in case of severe
14124 backward campatibility problems try setting 'global_names' at compile
14125 time to have enrything declared within a flat name space; one may also
14126 fine tune name declarations in theories via the 'global' and 'local'
14129 * reimplemented the implicit simpset and claset using the new anytype
14130 data filed in signatures; references simpset:simpset ref etc. are
14131 replaced by functions simpset:unit->simpset and
14132 simpset_ref:unit->simpset ref; COMPATIBILITY: use isatool fixclasimp
14133 to patch your ML files accordingly;
14135 * HTML output now includes theory graph data for display with Java
14136 applet or isatool browser; data generated automatically via isatool
14137 usedir (see -i option, ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS);
14139 * defs may now be conditional; improved rewrite_goals_tac to handle
14140 conditional equations;
14142 * defs now admits additional type arguments, using TYPE('a) syntax;
14144 * theory aliases via merge (e.g. M=A+B+C) no longer supported, always
14145 creates a new theory node; implicit merge of thms' signatures is
14146 restricted to 'trivial' ones; COMPATIBILITY: one may have to use
14147 transfer:theory->thm->thm in (rare) cases;
14149 * improved handling of draft signatures / theories; draft thms (and
14150 ctyps, cterms) are automatically promoted to real ones;
14152 * slightly changed interfaces for oracles: admit many per theory, named
14153 (e.g. oracle foo = mlfun), additional name argument for invoke_oracle;
14155 * print_goals: optional output of const types (set show_consts and
14158 * improved output of warnings (###) and errors (***);
14160 * subgoal_tac displays a warning if the new subgoal has type variables;
14162 * removed old README and Makefiles;
14164 * replaced print_goals_ref hook by print_current_goals_fn and result_error_fn;
14166 * removed obsolete init_pps and init_database;
14168 * deleted the obsolete tactical STATE, which was declared by
14169 fun STATE tacfun st = tacfun st st;
14171 * cd and use now support path variables, e.g. $ISABELLE_HOME, or ~
14172 (which abbreviates $HOME);
14174 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML); COMPATIBILITY:
14175 use isatool fixseq to adapt your ML programs (this works for fully
14176 qualified references to the Sequence structure only!);
14178 * use_thy no longer requires writable current directory; it always
14179 reloads .ML *and* .thy file, if either one is out of date;
14182 *** Classical Reasoner ***
14184 * Clarify_tac, clarify_tac, clarify_step_tac, Clarify_step_tac: new
14185 tactics that use classical reasoning to simplify a subgoal without
14186 splitting it into several subgoals;
14188 * Safe_tac: like safe_tac but uses the default claset;
14193 * added simplification meta rules:
14194 (asm_)(full_)simplify: simpset -> thm -> thm;
14196 * simplifier.ML no longer part of Pure -- has to be loaded by object
14199 * added prems argument to simplification procedures;
14201 * HOL, FOL, ZF: added infix function `addsplits':
14202 instead of `<simpset> setloop (split_tac <thms>)'
14203 you can simply write `<simpset> addsplits <thms>'
14208 * TYPE('a) syntax for type reflection terms;
14210 * no longer handles consts with name "" -- declare as 'syntax' instead;
14212 * pretty printer: changed order of mixfix annotation preference (again!);
14214 * Pure: fixed idt/idts vs. pttrn/pttrns syntactic categories;
14219 * HOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
14220 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
14222 * HOL/TLA: Stephan Merz's formalization of Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions;
14224 * HOL/Auth: new protocol proofs including some for the Internet
14227 * HOL/Map: new theory of `maps' a la VDM;
14229 * HOL/simplifier: simplification procedures nat_cancel_sums for
14230 cancelling out common nat summands from =, <, <= (in)equalities, or
14231 differences; simplification procedures nat_cancel_factor for
14232 cancelling common factor from =, <, <= (in)equalities over natural
14233 sums; nat_cancel contains both kinds of procedures, it is installed by
14234 default in Arith.thy -- this COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL;
14236 * HOL/simplifier: terms of the form
14237 `? x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x)' (or t=x)
14239 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t)',
14240 and those of the form
14241 `! x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x) --> R(x)' (or t=x)
14243 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t) --> R(t)',
14246 Each datatype `t' now comes with a theorem `split_t_case' of the form
14248 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
14249 ( (!y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 --> P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) &
14251 (!y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn --> P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
14254 and a theorem `split_t_case_asm' of the form
14256 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
14257 ~( (? y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 & ~P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) |
14259 (? y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn & ~P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
14261 which can be added to a simpset via `addsplits'. The existing theorems
14262 expand_list_case and expand_option_case have been renamed to
14263 split_list_case and split_option_case.
14266 - `pred n' is automatically converted to `n-1'.
14267 Users are strongly encouraged not to use `pred' any longer,
14268 because it will disappear altogether at some point.
14269 - Users are strongly encouraged to write "0 < n" rather than
14270 "n ~= 0". Theorems and proof tools have been modified towards this
14274 the function "set_of_list" has been renamed "set" (and its theorems too);
14275 the function "nth" now takes its arguments in the reverse order and
14276 has acquired the infix notation "!" as in "xs!n".
14278 * HOL/Set: UNIV is now a constant and is no longer translated to Compl{};
14280 * HOL/Set: The operator (UN x.B x) now abbreviates (UN x:UNIV. B x) and its
14281 specialist theorems (like UN1_I) are gone. Similarly for (INT x.B x);
14283 * HOL/record: extensible records with schematic structural subtyping
14284 (single inheritance); EXPERIMENTAL version demonstrating the encoding,
14285 still lacks various theorems and concrete record syntax;
14290 * removed "axioms" and "generated by" sections;
14292 * replaced "ops" section by extended "consts" section, which is capable of
14293 handling the continuous function space "->" directly;
14296 . proves theorems immediately and stores them in the theory,
14297 . creates hierachical name space,
14298 . now uses normal mixfix annotations (instead of cinfix...),
14299 . minor changes to some names and values (for consistency),
14300 . e.g. cases -> casedist, dists_eq -> dist_eqs, [take_lemma] -> take_lemmas,
14301 . separator between mutual domain defs: changed "," to "and",
14302 . improved handling of sort constraints; now they have to
14303 appear on the left-hand side of the equations only;
14305 * fixed LAM <x,y,zs>.b syntax;
14307 * added extended adm_tac to simplifier in HOLCF -- can now discharge
14308 adm (%x. P (t x)), where P is chainfinite and t continuous;
14313 * FOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
14314 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
14316 * qed_spec_mp, qed_goal_spec_mp, qed_goalw_spec_mp are available, as
14317 in HOL, they strip ALL and --> from proved theorems;
14321 New in Isabelle94-8 (May 1997)
14322 ------------------------------
14324 *** General Changes ***
14326 * new utilities to build / run / maintain Isabelle etc. (in parts
14327 still somewhat experimental); old Makefiles etc. still functional;
14329 * new 'Isabelle System Manual';
14331 * INSTALL text, together with ./configure and ./build scripts;
14333 * reimplemented type inference for greater efficiency, better error
14334 messages and clean internal interface;
14336 * prlim command for dealing with lots of subgoals (an easier way of
14337 setting goals_limit);
14342 * supports alternative (named) syntax tables (parser and pretty
14343 printer); internal interface is provided by add_modesyntax(_i);
14345 * Pure, FOL, ZF, HOL, HOLCF now support symbolic input and output; to
14346 be used in conjunction with the Isabelle symbol font; uses the
14347 "symbols" syntax table;
14349 * added token_translation interface (may translate name tokens in
14350 arbitrary ways, dependent on their type (free, bound, tfree, ...) and
14351 the current print_mode); IMPORTANT: user print translation functions
14352 are responsible for marking newly introduced bounds
14353 (Syntax.mark_boundT);
14355 * token translations for modes "xterm" and "xterm_color" that display
14356 names in bold, underline etc. or colors (which requires a color
14359 * infixes may now be declared with names independent of their syntax;
14361 * added typed_print_translation (like print_translation, but may
14362 access type of constant);
14365 *** Classical Reasoner ***
14367 Blast_tac: a new tactic! It is often more powerful than fast_tac, but has
14368 some limitations. Blast_tac...
14369 + ignores addss, addbefore, addafter; this restriction is intrinsic
14370 + ignores elimination rules that don't have the correct format
14371 (the conclusion MUST be a formula variable)
14372 + ignores types, which can make HOL proofs fail
14373 + rules must not require higher-order unification, e.g. apply_type in ZF
14374 [message "Function Var's argument not a bound variable" relates to this]
14375 + its proof strategy is more general but can actually be slower
14377 * substitution with equality assumptions no longer permutes other
14380 * minor changes in semantics of addafter (now called addaltern); renamed
14381 setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to compWrapper; added safe wrapper
14382 (and access functions for it);
14384 * improved combination of classical reasoner and simplifier:
14385 + functions for handling clasimpsets
14386 + improvement of addss: now the simplifier is called _after_ the
14388 + safe variant of addss called addSss: uses safe simplifications
14389 _during_ the safe steps. It is more complete as it allows multiple
14390 instantiations of unknowns (e.g. with slow_tac).
14394 * added interface for simplification procedures (functions that
14395 produce *proven* rewrite rules on the fly, depending on current
14398 * ordering on terms as parameter (used for ordered rewriting);
14400 * new functions delcongs, deleqcongs, and Delcongs. richer rep_ss;
14402 * the solver is now split into a safe and an unsafe part.
14403 This should be invisible for the normal user, except that the
14404 functions setsolver and addsolver have been renamed to setSolver and
14405 addSolver; added safe_asm_full_simp_tac;
14410 * a generic induction tactic `induct_tac' which works for all datatypes and
14411 also for type `nat';
14413 * a generic case distinction tactic `exhaust_tac' which works for all
14414 datatypes and also for type `nat';
14416 * each datatype comes with a function `size';
14418 * patterns in case expressions allow tuple patterns as arguments to
14419 constructors, for example `case x of [] => ... | (x,y,z)#ps => ...';
14421 * primrec now also works with type nat;
14423 * recdef: a new declaration form, allows general recursive functions to be
14424 defined in theory files. See HOL/ex/Fib, HOL/ex/Primes, HOL/Subst/Unify.
14426 * the constant for negation has been renamed from "not" to "Not" to
14427 harmonize with FOL, ZF, LK, etc.;
14429 * HOL/ex/LFilter theory of a corecursive "filter" functional for
14432 * HOL/Modelcheck demonstrates invocation of model checker oracle;
14434 * HOL/ex/Ring.thy declares cring_simp, which solves equational
14435 problems in commutative rings, using axiomatic type classes for + and *;
14437 * more examples in HOL/MiniML and HOL/Auth;
14439 * more default rewrite rules for quantifiers, union/intersection;
14441 * a new constant `arbitrary == @x.False';
14443 * HOLCF/IOA replaces old HOL/IOA;
14445 * HOLCF changes: derived all rules and arities
14446 + axiomatic type classes instead of classes
14447 + typedef instead of faking type definitions
14448 + eliminated the internal constants less_fun, less_cfun, UU_fun, UU_cfun etc.
14449 + new axclasses cpo, chfin, flat with flat < chfin < pcpo < cpo < po
14450 + eliminated the types void, one, tr
14451 + use unit lift and bool lift (with translations) instead of one and tr
14452 + eliminated blift from Lift3.thy (use Def instead of blift)
14453 all eliminated rules are derived as theorems --> no visible changes ;
14458 * ZF now has Fast_tac, Simp_tac and Auto_tac. Union_iff is a now a default
14459 rewrite rule; this may affect some proofs. eq_cs is gone but can be put back
14460 as ZF_cs addSIs [equalityI];
14464 New in Isabelle94-7 (November 96)
14465 ---------------------------------
14467 * allowing negative levels (as offsets) in prlev and choplev;
14469 * super-linear speedup for large simplifications;
14471 * FOL, ZF and HOL now use miniscoping: rewriting pushes
14472 quantifications in as far as possible (COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS
14473 FAIL); can suppress it using the command Delsimps (ex_simps @
14474 all_simps); De Morgan laws are also now included, by default;
14476 * improved printing of ==> : ~:
14478 * new object-logic "Sequents" adds linear logic, while replacing LK
14479 and Modal (thanks to Sara Kalvala);
14481 * HOL/Auth: correctness proofs for authentication protocols;
14483 * HOL: new auto_tac combines rewriting and classical reasoning (many
14484 examples on HOL/Auth);
14486 * HOL: new command AddIffs for declaring theorems of the form P=Q to
14487 the rewriter and classical reasoner simultaneously;
14489 * function uresult no longer returns theorems in "standard" format;
14490 regain previous version by: val uresult = standard o uresult;
14494 New in Isabelle94-6
14495 -------------------
14497 * oracles -- these establish an interface between Isabelle and trusted
14498 external reasoners, which may deliver results as theorems;
14500 * proof objects (in particular record all uses of oracles);
14502 * Simp_tac, Fast_tac, etc. that refer to implicit simpset / claset;
14504 * "constdefs" section in theory files;
14506 * "primrec" section (HOL) no longer requires names;
14508 * internal type "tactic" now simply "thm -> thm Sequence.seq";
14512 New in Isabelle94-5
14513 -------------------
14515 * reduced space requirements;
14517 * automatic HTML generation from theories;
14519 * theory files no longer require "..." (quotes) around most types;
14521 * new examples, including two proofs of the Church-Rosser theorem;
14523 * non-curried (1994) version of HOL is no longer distributed;
14527 New in Isabelle94-4
14528 -------------------
14530 * greatly reduced space requirements;
14532 * theory files (.thy) no longer require \...\ escapes at line breaks;
14534 * searchable theorem database (see the section "Retrieving theorems" on
14535 page 8 of the Reference Manual);
14537 * new examples, including Grabczewski's monumental case study of the
14540 * The previous version of HOL renamed to Old_HOL;
14542 * The new version of HOL (previously called CHOL) uses a curried syntax
14543 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b);
14545 * Mutually recursive inductive definitions finally work in HOL;
14547 * In ZF, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions and
14548 translates to the operator "split";
14552 New in Isabelle94-3
14553 -------------------
14555 * new infix operator, addss, allowing the classical reasoner to
14556 perform simplification at each step of its search. Example:
14557 fast_tac (cs addss ss)
14559 * a new logic, CHOL, the same as HOL, but with a curried syntax
14560 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b). Also pairs
14561 look like (a,b) instead of <a,b>;
14563 * PLEASE NOTE: CHOL will eventually replace HOL!
14565 * In CHOL, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions.
14566 It translates to the operator "split". A new theory of integers is available;
14568 * In ZF, integer numerals now denote two's-complement binary integers.
14569 Arithmetic operations can be performed by rewriting. See ZF/ex/Bin.ML;
14571 * Many new examples: I/O automata, Church-Rosser theorem, equivalents
14572 of the Axiom of Choice;
14576 New in Isabelle94-2
14577 -------------------
14579 * Significantly faster resolution;
14581 * the different sections in a .thy file can now be mixed and repeated
14584 * Database of theorems for FOL, HOL and ZF. New
14585 commands including qed, qed_goal and bind_thm store theorems in the database.
14587 * Simple database queries: return a named theorem (get_thm) or all theorems of
14588 a given theory (thms_of), or find out what theory a theorem was proved in
14591 * Bugs fixed in the inductive definition and datatype packages;
14593 * The classical reasoner provides deepen_tac and depth_tac, making FOL_dup_cs
14594 and HOL_dup_cs obsolete;
14596 * Syntactic ambiguities caused by the new treatment of syntax in Isabelle94-1
14599 * Simpler definition of function space in ZF;
14601 * new results about cardinal and ordinal arithmetic in ZF;
14603 * 'subtype' facility in HOL for introducing new types as subsets of existing
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