2 Isabelle NEWS -- history user-relevant changes
3 ==============================================
5 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
7 * HOL/Real: "rinv" and "hrinv" replaced by overloaded "inverse"
10 * HOL: induct renamed to lfp_induct;
12 * HOL: contrapos, contrapos2 renamed to contrapos_nn, contrapos_pp;
14 * HOL: infix "dvd" now has priority 50 rather than 70 (because it is a
15 relation); infix "^^" has been renamed "``"; infix "``" has been
16 renamed "`"; "univalent" has been renamed "single_valued";
18 * HOLCF: infix "`" has been renamed "$";
20 * Isar: 'obtain' no longer declares "that" fact as simp/intro;
22 * Isar/HOL: method 'induct' now handles non-atomic goals; as a
23 consequence, it is no longer monotonic wrt. the local goal context
24 (which is now passed through the inductive cases);
27 *** Document preparation ***
29 * improved isabelle style files; more abstract symbol implementation
30 (should now use \isamath{...} and \isatext{...} in custom symbol
33 * \isabellestyle{NAME} selects version of Isabelle output (currently
34 available: are "it" for near math-mode best-style output, "sl" for
35 slanted text style, and "tt" for plain type-writer; if no
36 \isabellestyle command is given, output is according to slanted
39 * support sub/super scripts (for single symbols only), input syntax is
40 like this: "A\<^sup>*" or "A\<^sup>\<star>";
42 * some more standard symbols; see Appendix A of the system manual for
45 * antiquotation @{goals} and @{subgoals} for output of *dynamic* goals
46 state; Note that presentation of goal states does not conform to
47 actual human-readable proof documents. Please do not include goal
48 states into document output unless you really know what you are doing!
50 * isatool unsymbolize tunes sources for plain ASCII communication;
55 * Pure: Isar now suffers initial goal statements to contain unbound
56 schematic variables (this does not conform to actual readable proof
57 documents, due to unpredictable outcome and non-compositional proof
58 checking); users who know what they are doing may use schematic goals
59 for Prolog-style synthesis of proven results;
61 * Pure: assumption method (an implicit finishing) now handles actual
64 * Pure: improved 'obtain' --- moved to Pure, insert "that" into
65 initial goal, declare "that" only as Pure intro (only for single
66 steps); the "that" rule assumption may now be involved in implicit
67 finishing, thus ".." becomes a feasible for trivial obtains;
69 * Pure: default proof step now includes 'intro_classes'; thus trivial
70 instance proofs may be performed by "..";
72 * Pure: ?thesis / ?this / "..." now work for pure meta-level
75 * Pure: the builtin notion of 'finished' goal now includes the ==-refl
76 rule (as well as the assumption rule);
78 * Pure: 'thm_deps' command visualizes dependencies of theorems and
79 lemmas, using the graph browser tool;
81 * HOL: improved method 'induct' --- now handles non-atomic goals
82 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY); tuned error handling;
84 * HOL: cases and induct rules now provide explicit hints about the
85 number of facts to be consumed (0 for "type" and 1 for "set" rules);
86 any remaining facts are inserted into the goal verbatim;
88 * HOL: local contexts (aka cases) may now contain term bindings as
89 well; the 'cases' and 'induct' methods new provide a ?case binding for
90 the result to be shown in each case;
92 * HOL: added 'recdef_tc' command;
97 * HOL/Library: a collection of generic theories to be used together
98 with main HOL; the theory loader path already includes this directory
99 by default; the following existing theories have been moved here:
100 HOL/Induct/Multiset, HOL/Induct/Acc (as Accessible_Part), HOL/While
101 (as While_Combinator), HOL/Lex/Prefix (as List_Prefix);
103 * HOL basics: added overloaded operations "inverse" and "divide"
104 (infix "/"), syntax for generic "abs" operation, generic summation
107 * HOL/typedef: simplified package, provide more useful rules (see also
110 * HOL-Hyperreal: a new target, extending HOL-Real with the hyperreals and
111 Fleuriot's mechanization of analysis;
113 * HOL-Real, HOL-Hyperreals: improved arithmetic simplification;
118 * CTT: x-symbol support for Pi, Sigma, -->, : (membership); note that
119 "lam" is displayed as TWO lambda-symbols
121 * CTT: theory Main now available, containing everything (that is, Bool
127 * print modes "brackets" and "no_brackets" control output of nested =>
128 (types) and ==> (props); the default behaviour is "brackets";
130 * system: support Poly/ML 4.0 (current beta versions);
132 * Pure: the Simplifier has been implemented properly as a derived rule
133 outside of the actual kernel (at last!); the overall performance
134 penalty in practical applications is about 50%, while reliability of
135 the Isabelle inference kernel has been greatly improved;
137 * Provers: fast_tac (and friends) now handle actual object-logic rules
138 as assumptions as well;
142 New in Isabelle99-1 (October 2000)
143 ----------------------------------
145 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
147 * HOL: simplification of natural numbers is much changed; to partly
148 recover the old behaviour (e.g. to prevent n+n rewriting to #2*n)
149 issue the following ML commands:
151 Delsimprocs Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.cancel_numerals;
152 Delsimprocs [Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.combine_numerals];
154 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions; this is
155 controlled by "t.weak_case_cong" for each datatype t;
157 * HOL: nat_less_induct renamed to less_induct;
159 * HOL: systematic renaming of the SOME (Eps) rules, may use isatool
160 fixsome to patch .thy and .ML sources automatically;
162 select_equality -> some_equality
163 select_eq_Ex -> some_eq_ex
164 selectI2EX -> someI2_ex
167 select1_equality -> some1_equality
168 Eps_sym_eq -> some_sym_eq_trivial
169 Eps_eq -> some_eq_trivial
171 * HOL: exhaust_tac on datatypes superceded by new generic case_tac;
173 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem binding expand_if (refer to split_if
176 * HOL: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' are now called
177 f.simps instead of f.rules;
179 * HOL: qed_spec_mp now also handles bounded ALL as well;
181 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded, so the type constraint ":: nat" may
184 * HOL: the constant for "f``x" is now "image" rather than "op ``";
186 * HOL: the constant for "f-``x" is now "vimage" rather than "op -``";
188 * HOL: the disjoint sum is now "<+>" instead of "Plus"; the cartesian
189 product is now "<*>" instead of "Times"; the lexicographic product is
190 now "<*lex*>" instead of "**";
192 * HOL: theory Sexp is now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part
193 of main HOL, but was unused); better use HOL's datatype package;
195 * HOL: removed "symbols" syntax for constant "override" of theory Map;
196 the old syntax may be recovered as follows:
199 override :: "('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b)"
200 (infixl "\\<oplus>" 100)
202 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
204 * HOL/ML: even fewer consts are declared as global (see theories Ord,
205 Lfp, Gfp, WF); this only affects ML packages that refer to const names
208 * HOL and ZF: syntax for quotienting wrt an equivalence relation
209 changed from A/r to A//r;
211 * ZF: new treatment of arithmetic (nat & int) may break some old
214 * Isar: renamed some attributes (RS -> THEN, simplify -> simplified,
215 rulify -> rule_format, elimify -> elim_format, ...);
217 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
218 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (in most cases, one
219 should have to change intro!! to intro? only); replaced "delrule" by
222 * Isar/HOL: renamed "intrs" to "intros" in inductive definitions;
224 * Provers: strengthened force_tac by using new first_best_tac;
226 * LaTeX document preparation: several changes of isabelle.sty (see
230 *** Document preparation ***
232 * formal comments (text blocks etc.) in new-style theories may now
233 contain antiquotations of thm/prop/term/typ/text to be presented
234 according to latex print mode; concrete syntax is like this:
235 @{term[show_types] "f(x) = a + x"};
237 * isatool mkdir provides easy setup of Isabelle session directories,
238 including proper document sources;
240 * generated LaTeX sources are now deleted after successful run
241 (isatool document -c); may retain a copy somewhere else via -D option
244 * isatool usedir -D now lets isatool latex -o sty update the Isabelle
245 style files, achieving self-contained LaTeX sources and simplifying
248 * old-style theories now produce (crude) LaTeX output as well;
250 * browser info session directories are now self-contained (may be put
251 on WWW server seperately); improved graphs of nested sessions; removed
252 graph for 'all sessions';
254 * several improvements in isabelle style files; \isabellestyle{it}
255 produces fake math mode output; \isamarkupheader is now \section by
256 default; see lib/texinputs/isabelle.sty etc.;
261 * Isar/Pure: local results and corresponding term bindings are now
262 subject to Hindley-Milner polymorphism (similar to ML); this
263 accommodates incremental type-inference very nicely;
265 * Isar/Pure: new derived language element 'obtain' supports
266 generalized existence reasoning;
268 * Isar/Pure: new calculational elements 'moreover' and 'ultimately'
269 support accumulation of results, without applying any rules yet;
270 useful to collect intermediate results without explicit name
271 references, and for use with transitivity rules with more than 2
274 * Isar/Pure: scalable support for case-analysis type proofs: new
275 'case' language element refers to local contexts symbolically, as
276 produced by certain proof methods; internally, case names are attached
277 to theorems as "tags";
279 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'hide' removes declarations from
280 class/type/const name spaces;
282 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'defs' supports option "(overloaded)" to
283 indicate potential overloading;
285 * Isar/Pure: changed syntax of local blocks from {{ }} to { };
287 * Isar/Pure: syntax of sorts made 'inner', i.e. have to write
288 "{a,b,c}" instead of {a,b,c};
290 * Isar/Pure now provides its own version of intro/elim/dest
291 attributes; useful for building new logics, but beware of confusion
292 with the version in Provers/classical;
294 * Isar/Pure: the local context of (non-atomic) goals is provided via
295 case name 'antecedent';
297 * Isar/Pure: removed obsolete 'transfer' attribute (transfer of thms
298 to the current context is now done automatically);
300 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'method_setup' provides a simple interface
301 for definining proof methods in ML;
303 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
304 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (INCOMPATIBILITY, in
305 most cases, one should have to change intro!! to intro? only);
306 replaced "delrule" by "rule del";
308 * Isar/Provers: new 'hypsubst' method, plain 'subst' method and
309 'symmetric' attribute (the latter supercedes [RS sym]);
311 * Isar/Provers: splitter support (via 'split' attribute and 'simp'
312 method modifier); 'simp' method: 'only:' modifier removes loopers as
313 well (including splits);
315 * Isar/Provers: Simplifier and Classical methods now support all kind
316 of modifiers used in the past, including 'cong', 'iff', etc.
318 * Isar/Provers: added 'fastsimp' and 'clarsimp' methods (combination
319 of Simplifier and Classical reasoner);
321 * Isar/HOL: new proof method 'cases' and improved version of 'induct'
322 now support named cases; major packages (inductive, datatype, primrec,
323 recdef) support case names and properly name parameters;
325 * Isar/HOL: new transitivity rules for substitution in inequalities --
326 monotonicity conditions are extracted to be proven at end of
329 * Isar/HOL: removed 'case_split' thm binding, should use 'cases' proof
332 * Isar/HOL: removed old expand_if = split_if; theorems if_splits =
333 split_if split_if_asm; datatype package provides theorems foo.splits =
334 foo.split foo.split_asm for each datatype;
336 * Isar/HOL: tuned inductive package, rename "intrs" to "intros"
337 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY), emulation of mk_cases feature for proof
338 scripts: new 'inductive_cases' command and 'ind_cases' method; (Note:
339 use "(cases (simplified))" method in proper proof texts);
341 * Isar/HOL: added global 'arith_split' attribute for 'arith' method;
343 * Isar: names of theorems etc. may be natural numbers as well;
345 * Isar: 'pr' command: optional arguments for goals_limit and
346 ProofContext.prems_limit; no longer prints theory contexts, but only
349 * Isar: diagnostic commands 'pr', 'thm', 'prop', 'term', 'typ' admit
350 additional print modes to be specified; e.g. "pr(latex)" will print
351 proof state according to the Isabelle LaTeX style;
353 * Isar: improved support for emulating tactic scripts, including proof
354 methods 'rule_tac' etc., 'cut_tac', 'thin_tac', 'subgoal_tac',
355 'rename_tac', 'rotate_tac', 'tactic', and 'case_tac' / 'induct_tac'
358 * Isar: simplified (more robust) goal selection of proof methods: 1st
359 goal, all goals, or explicit goal specifier (tactic emulation); thus
360 'proof method scripts' have to be in depth-first order;
362 * Isar: tuned 'let' syntax: replaced 'as' keyword by 'and';
364 * Isar: removed 'help' command, which hasn't been too helpful anyway;
365 should instead use individual commands for printing items
366 (print_commands, print_methods etc.);
368 * Isar: added 'nothing' --- the empty list of theorems;
373 * HOL/MicroJava: formalization of a fragment of Java, together with a
374 corresponding virtual machine and a specification of its bytecode
375 verifier and a lightweight bytecode verifier, including proofs of
376 type-safety; by Gerwin Klein, Tobias Nipkow, David von Oheimb, and
377 Cornelia Pusch (see also the homepage of project Bali at
378 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Bali/);
380 * HOL/Algebra: new theory of rings and univariate polynomials, by
383 * HOL/NumberTheory: fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Chinese
384 Remainder Theorem, Fermat/Euler Theorem, Wilson's Theorem, by Thomas M
387 * HOL/Lattice: fundamental concepts of lattice theory and order
388 structures, including duals, properties of bounds versus algebraic
389 laws, lattice operations versus set-theoretic ones, the Knaster-Tarski
390 Theorem for complete lattices etc.; may also serve as a demonstration
391 for abstract algebraic reasoning using axiomatic type classes, and
392 mathematics-style proof in Isabelle/Isar; by Markus Wenzel;
394 * HOL/Prolog: a (bare-bones) implementation of Lambda-Prolog, by David
397 * HOL/IMPP: extension of IMP with local variables and mutually
398 recursive procedures, by David von Oheimb;
400 * HOL/Lambda: converted into new-style theory and document;
402 * HOL/ex/Multiquote: example of multiple nested quotations and
403 anti-quotations -- basically a generalized version of de-Bruijn
404 representation; very useful in avoiding lifting of operations;
406 * HOL/record: added general record equality rule to simpset; fixed
407 select-update simplification procedure to handle extended records as
408 well; admit "r" as field name;
410 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded over the new sort "zero", allowing its use with
411 other numeric types and also as the identity of groups, rings, etc.;
413 * HOL: new axclass plus_ac0 for addition with the AC-laws and 0 as identity.
414 Types nat and int belong to this axclass;
416 * HOL: greatly improved simplification involving numerals of type nat, int, real:
417 (i + #8 + j) = Suc k simplifies to #7 + (i + j) = k
418 i*j + k + j*#3*i simplifies to #4*(i*j) + k
419 two terms #m*u and #n*u are replaced by #(m+n)*u
420 (where #m, #n and u can implicitly be 1; this is simproc combine_numerals)
421 and the term/formula #m*u+x ~~ #n*u+y simplifies simplifies to #(m-n)+x ~~ y
422 or x ~~ #(n-m)+y, where ~~ is one of = < <= or - (simproc cancel_numerals);
424 * HOL: meson_tac is available (previously in ex/meson.ML); it is a
425 powerful prover for predicate logic but knows nothing of clasets; see
426 ex/mesontest.ML and ex/mesontest2.ML for example applications;
428 * HOL: new version of "case_tac" subsumes both boolean case split and
429 "exhaust_tac" on datatypes; INCOMPATIBILITY: exhaust_tac no longer
430 exists, may define val exhaust_tac = case_tac for ad-hoc portability;
432 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions: only the
433 selector expression is simplified, but not the remaining arms; to
434 enable full simplification of case-expressions for datatype t, you may
435 remove t.weak_case_cong from the simpset, either globally (Delcongs
436 [thm"t.weak_case_cong"];) or locally (delcongs [...]).
438 * HOL/recdef: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' for
439 function 'f' are now called f.simps instead of f.rules; if all
440 termination conditions are proved automatically, these simplification
441 rules are added to the simpset, as in primrec; rules may be named
442 individually as well, resulting in a separate list of theorems for
445 * HOL/While is a new theory that provides a while-combinator. It
446 permits the definition of tail-recursive functions without the
447 provision of a termination measure. The latter is necessary once the
448 invariant proof rule for while is applied.
450 * HOL: new (overloaded) notation for the set of elements below/above
451 some element: {..u}, {..u(}, {l..}, {)l..}. See theory SetInterval.
453 * HOL: theorems impI, allI, ballI bound as "strip";
455 * HOL: new tactic induct_thm_tac: thm -> string -> int -> tactic
456 induct_tac th "x1 ... xn" expects th to have a conclusion of the form
457 P v1 ... vn and abbreviates res_inst_tac [("v1","x1"),...,("vn","xn")] th;
459 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
461 * HOL: theory Sexp now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part of
462 main HOL, but was unused);
464 * HOL: fewer consts declared as global (e.g. have to refer to
465 "Lfp.lfp" instead of "lfp" internally; affects ML packages only);
467 * HOL: tuned AST representation of nested pairs, avoiding bogus output
468 in case of overlap with user translations (e.g. judgements over
469 tuples); (note that the underlying logical represenation is still
475 * ZF: simplification automatically cancels common terms in arithmetic
476 expressions over nat and int;
478 * ZF: new treatment of nat to minimize type-checking: all operators
479 coerce their operands to a natural number using the function natify,
480 making the algebraic laws unconditional;
482 * ZF: as above, for int: operators coerce their operands to an integer
483 using the function intify;
485 * ZF: the integer library now contains many of the usual laws for the
486 orderings, including $<=, and monotonicity laws for $+ and $*;
488 * ZF: new example ZF/ex/NatSum to demonstrate integer arithmetic
491 * FOL and ZF: AddIffs now available, giving theorems of the form P<->Q
492 to the simplifier and classical reasoner simultaneously;
497 * Provers: blast_tac now handles actual object-logic rules as
498 assumptions; note that auto_tac uses blast_tac internally as well;
500 * Provers: new functions rulify/rulify_no_asm: thm -> thm for turning
501 outer -->/All/Ball into ==>/!!; qed_spec_mp now uses rulify_no_asm;
503 * Provers: delrules now handles destruct rules as well (no longer need
506 * Provers: Blast_tac now warns of and ignores "weak elimination rules" e.g.
507 [| inj ?f; ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
508 use instead the strong form,
509 [| inj ?f; ~ ?W ==> ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
510 in HOL, FOL and ZF the function cla_make_elim will create such rules
513 * Provers: Simplifier.easy_setup provides a fast path to basic
514 Simplifier setup for new object-logics;
516 * Pure: AST translation rules no longer require constant head on LHS;
518 * Pure: improved name spaces: ambiguous output is qualified; support
521 * system: smart setup of canonical ML_HOME, ISABELLE_INTERFACE, and
522 XSYMBOL_HOME; no longer need to do manual configuration in most
525 * system: compression of ML heaps images may now be controlled via -c
526 option of isabelle and isatool usedir (currently only observed by
529 * system: isatool installfonts may handle X-Symbol fonts as well (very
530 useful for remote X11);
532 * system: provide TAGS file for Isabelle sources;
534 * ML: infix 'OF' is a version of 'MRS' with more appropriate argument
537 * ML: renamed flags Syntax.trace_norm_ast to Syntax.trace_ast; global
538 timing flag supersedes proof_timing and Toplevel.trace;
540 * ML: new combinators |>> and |>>> for incremental transformations
541 with secondary results (e.g. certain theory extensions):
543 * ML: PureThy.add_defs gets additional argument to indicate potential
544 overloading (usually false);
546 * ML: PureThy.add_thms/add_axioms/add_defs now return theorems as
551 New in Isabelle99 (October 1999)
552 --------------------------------
554 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
556 * HOL: The THEN and ELSE parts of conditional expressions (if P then x else y)
557 are no longer simplified. (This allows the simplifier to unfold recursive
558 functional programs.) To restore the old behaviour, declare
560 Delcongs [if_weak_cong];
562 * HOL: Removed the obsolete syntax "Compl A"; use -A for set
565 * HOL: the predicate "inj" is now defined by translation to "inj_on";
567 * HOL/datatype: mutual_induct_tac no longer exists --
568 use induct_tac "x_1 ... x_n" instead of mutual_induct_tac ["x_1", ..., "x_n"]
570 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
571 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
573 * ZF: The con_defs part of an inductive definition may no longer refer
574 to constants declared in the same theory;
576 * HOL, ZF: the function mk_cases, generated by the inductive
577 definition package, has lost an argument. To simplify its result, it
578 uses the default simpset instead of a supplied list of theorems.
580 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
582 * Simplifier: the type of the infix ML functions
583 setSSolver addSSolver setSolver addSolver
584 is now simpset * solver -> simpset where `solver' is a new abstract type
585 for packaging solvers. A solver is created via
586 mk_solver: string -> (thm list -> int -> tactic) -> solver
587 where the string argument is only a comment.
592 * Provers/Arith/fast_lin_arith.ML contains a functor for creating a
593 decision procedure for linear arithmetic. Currently it is used for
594 types `nat', `int', and `real' in HOL (see below); it can, should and
595 will be instantiated for other types and logics as well.
597 * The simplifier now accepts rewrite rules with flexible heads, eg
598 hom ?f ==> ?f(?x+?y) = ?f ?x + ?f ?y
599 They are applied like any rule with a non-pattern lhs, i.e. by first-order
605 * New Isabelle/Isar subsystem provides an alternative to traditional
606 tactical theorem proving; together with the ProofGeneral/isar user
607 interface it offers an interactive environment for developing human
608 readable proof documents (Isar == Intelligible semi-automated
609 reasoning); for further information see isatool doc isar-ref,
610 src/HOL/Isar_examples and http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Isar/
612 * improved and simplified presentation of theories: better HTML markup
613 (including colors), graph views in several sizes; isatool usedir now
614 provides a proper interface for user theories (via -P option); actual
615 document preparation based on (PDF)LaTeX is available as well (for
616 new-style theories only); see isatool doc system for more information;
618 * native support for Proof General, both for classic Isabelle and
621 * ML function thm_deps visualizes dependencies of theorems and lemmas,
622 using the graph browser tool;
624 * Isabelle manuals now also available as PDF;
626 * theory loader rewritten from scratch (may not be fully
627 bug-compatible); old loadpath variable has been replaced by show_path,
628 add_path, del_path, reset_path functions; new operations such as
629 update_thy, touch_thy, remove_thy, use/update_thy_only (see also
632 * improved isatool install: option -k creates KDE application icon,
633 option -p DIR installs standalone binaries;
635 * added ML_PLATFORM setting (useful for cross-platform installations);
636 more robust handling of platform specific ML images for SML/NJ;
638 * the settings environment is now statically scoped, i.e. it is never
639 created again in sub-processes invoked from isabelle, isatool, or
642 * path element specification '~~' refers to '$ISABELLE_HOME';
644 * in locales, the "assumes" and "defines" parts may be omitted if
647 * new print_mode "xsymbols" for extended symbol support (e.g. genuine
650 * new print_mode "HTML";
652 * new flag show_tags controls display of tags of theorems (which are
653 basically just comments that may be attached by some tools);
655 * Isamode 2.6 requires patch to accomodate change of Isabelle font
656 mode and goal output format:
658 diff -r Isamode-2.6/elisp/isa-load.el Isamode/elisp/isa-load.el
660 < (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-msymbols" logic-name)
662 > (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-misabelle_font" "-msymbols" logic-name)
663 diff -r Isabelle-2.6/elisp/isa-proofstate.el Isamode/elisp/isa-proofstate.el
665 < (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+$"
667 > (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+"
669 * function bind_thms stores lists of theorems (cf. bind_thm);
671 * new shorthand tactics ftac, eatac, datac, fatac;
673 * qed (and friends) now accept "" as result name; in that case the
674 theorem is not stored, but proper checks and presentation of the
677 * theorem database now also indexes constants "Trueprop", "all",
678 "==>", "=="; thus thms_containing, findI etc. may retrieve more rules;
685 * There are now decision procedures for linear arithmetic over nat and
688 1. arith_tac copes with arbitrary formulae involving `=', `<', `<=',
689 `+', `-', `Suc', `min', `max' and numerical constants; other subterms
690 are treated as atomic; subformulae not involving type `nat' or `int'
691 are ignored; quantified subformulae are ignored unless they are
692 positive universal or negative existential. The tactic has to be
693 invoked by hand and can be a little bit slow. In particular, the
694 running time is exponential in the number of occurrences of `min' and
695 `max', and `-' on `nat'.
697 2. fast_arith_tac is a cut-down version of arith_tac: it only takes
698 (negated) (in)equalities among the premises and the conclusion into
699 account (i.e. no compound formulae) and does not know about `min' and
700 `max', and `-' on `nat'. It is fast and is used automatically by the
703 NB: At the moment, these decision procedures do not cope with mixed
704 nat/int formulae where the two parts interact, such as `m < n ==>
707 * HOL/Numeral provides a generic theory of numerals (encoded
708 efficiently as bit strings); setup for types nat/int/real is in place;
709 INCOMPATIBILITY: since numeral syntax is now polymorphic, rather than
710 int, existing theories and proof scripts may require a few additional
713 * integer division and remainder can now be performed on constant
716 * many properties of integer multiplication, division and remainder
719 * An interface to the Stanford Validity Checker (SVC) is available through the
720 tactic svc_tac. Propositional tautologies and theorems of linear arithmetic
721 are proved automatically. SVC must be installed separately, and its results
722 must be TAKEN ON TRUST (Isabelle does not check the proofs, but tags any
723 invocation of the underlying oracle). For SVC see
724 http://verify.stanford.edu/SVC
726 * IsaMakefile: the HOL-Real target now builds an actual image;
731 * HOL/Real/HahnBanach: the Hahn-Banach theorem for real vector spaces
732 (in Isabelle/Isar) -- by Gertrud Bauer;
734 * HOL/BCV: generic model of bytecode verification, i.e. data-flow
735 analysis for assembly languages with subtypes;
737 * HOL/TLA (Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions): major reorganization
738 -- avoids syntactic ambiguities and treats state, transition, and
739 temporal levels more uniformly; introduces INCOMPATIBILITIES due to
740 changed syntax and (many) tactics;
742 * HOL/inductive: Now also handles more general introduction rules such
743 as "ALL y. (y, x) : r --> y : acc r ==> x : acc r"; monotonicity
744 theorems are now maintained within the theory (maintained via the
747 * HOL/datatype: Now also handles arbitrarily branching datatypes
748 (using function types) such as
750 datatype 'a tree = Atom 'a | Branch "nat => 'a tree"
752 * HOL/record: record_simproc (part of the default simpset) takes care
753 of selectors applied to updated records; record_split_tac is no longer
754 part of the default claset; update_defs may now be removed from the
755 simpset in many cases; COMPATIBILITY: old behavior achieved by
757 claset_ref () := claset() addSWrapper record_split_wrapper;
758 Delsimprocs [record_simproc]
760 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
761 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
763 * HOL/recdef (TFL): 'congs' syntax now expects comma separated list of theorem
764 names rather than an ML expression;
766 * HOL/defer_recdef (TFL): like recdef but the well-founded relation can be
767 supplied later. Program schemes can be defined, such as
768 "While B C s = (if B s then While B C (C s) else s)"
769 where the well-founded relation can be chosen after B and C have been given.
771 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
772 INCOMPATIBILITY: while [] and infix # syntax is still there, of
773 course, ML tools referring to List.list.op # etc. have to be adapted;
775 * HOL_quantifiers flag superseded by "HOL" print mode, which is
776 disabled by default; run isabelle with option -m HOL to get back to
777 the original Gordon/HOL-style output;
779 * HOL/Ord.thy: new bounded quantifier syntax (input only): ALL x<y. P,
780 ALL x<=y. P, EX x<y. P, EX x<=y. P;
782 * HOL basic syntax simplified (more orthogonal): all variants of
783 All/Ex now support plain / symbolic / HOL notation; plain syntax for
784 Eps operator is provided as well: "SOME x. P[x]";
786 * HOL/Sum.thy: sum_case has been moved to HOL/Datatype;
788 * HOL/Univ.thy: infix syntax <*>, <+>, <**>, <+> eliminated and made
789 thus available for user theories;
791 * HOLCF/IOA/Sequents: renamed 'Cons' to 'Consq' to avoid clash with
792 HOL/List; hardly an INCOMPATIBILITY since '>>' syntax is used all the
795 * HOL: new tactic smp_tac: int -> int -> tactic, which applies spec
796 several times and then mp;
801 * the notation <<...>> is now available as a notation for sequences of
804 * the simplifier is now installed
806 * the axiom system has been generalized (thanks to Soren Heilmann)
808 * the classical reasoner now has a default rule database
813 * new primrec section allows primitive recursive functions to be given
814 directly (as in HOL) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
816 * new tactics induct_tac and exhaust_tac for induction (or case
817 analysis) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
819 * the datatype declaration of type T now defines the recursor T_rec;
821 * simplification automatically does freeness reasoning for datatype
824 * automatic type-inference, with AddTCs command to insert new
827 * datatype introduction rules are now added as Safe Introduction rules
830 * the syntax "if P then x else y" is now available in addition to
834 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
836 * tuned simplifier trace output; new flag debug_simp;
838 * structures Vartab / Termtab (instances of TableFun) offer efficient
839 tables indexed by indexname_ord / term_ord (compatible with aconv);
841 * AxClass.axclass_tac lost the theory argument;
843 * tuned current_goals_markers semantics: begin / end goal avoids
844 printing empty lines;
846 * removed prs and prs_fn hook, which was broken because it did not
847 include \n in its semantics, forcing writeln to add one
848 uncoditionally; replaced prs_fn by writeln_fn; consider std_output:
849 string -> unit if you really want to output text without newline;
851 * Symbol.output subject to print mode; INCOMPATIBILITY: defaults to
852 plain output, interface builders may have to enable 'isabelle_font'
853 mode to get Isabelle font glyphs as before;
855 * refined token_translation interface; INCOMPATIBILITY: output length
856 now of type real instead of int;
858 * theory loader actions may be traced via new ThyInfo.add_hook
859 interface (see src/Pure/Thy/thy_info.ML); example application: keep
860 your own database of information attached to *whole* theories -- as
861 opposed to intra-theory data slots offered via TheoryDataFun;
863 * proper handling of dangling sort hypotheses (at last!);
864 Thm.strip_shyps and Drule.strip_shyps_warning take care of removing
865 extra sort hypotheses that can be witnessed from the type signature;
866 the force_strip_shyps flag is gone, any remaining shyps are simply
867 left in the theorem (with a warning issued by strip_shyps_warning);
871 New in Isabelle98-1 (October 1998)
872 ----------------------------------
874 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
876 * several changes of automated proof tools;
878 * HOL: major changes to the inductive and datatype packages, including
879 some minor incompatibilities of theory syntax;
881 * HOL: renamed r^-1 to 'converse' from 'inverse'; 'inj_onto' is now
884 * HOL: removed duplicate thms in Arith:
885 less_imp_add_less should be replaced by trans_less_add1
886 le_imp_add_le should be replaced by trans_le_add1
888 * HOL: unary minus is now overloaded (new type constraints may be
891 * HOL and ZF: unary minus for integers is now #- instead of #~. In
892 ZF, expressions such as n#-1 must be changed to n#- 1, since #-1 is
893 now taken as an integer constant.
895 * Pure: ML function 'theory_of' renamed to 'theory';
901 1. Asm_full_simp_tac is now more aggressive.
902 1. It will sometimes reorient premises if that increases their power to
904 2. It does no longer proceed strictly from left to right but may also
905 rotate premises to achieve further simplification.
906 For compatibility reasons there is now Asm_lr_simp_tac which is like the
907 old Asm_full_simp_tac in that it does not rotate premises.
908 2. The simplifier now knows a little bit about nat-arithmetic.
910 * Classical reasoner: wrapper mechanism for the classical reasoner now
911 allows for selected deletion of wrappers, by introduction of names for
912 wrapper functionals. This implies that addbefore, addSbefore,
913 addaltern, and addSaltern now take a pair (name, tactic) as argument,
914 and that adding two tactics with the same name overwrites the first
915 one (emitting a warning).
916 type wrapper = (int -> tactic) -> (int -> tactic)
917 setWrapper, setSWrapper, compWrapper and compSWrapper are replaced by
918 addWrapper, addSWrapper: claset * (string * wrapper) -> claset
919 delWrapper, delSWrapper: claset * string -> claset
920 getWrapper is renamed to appWrappers, getSWrapper to appSWrappers;
922 * Classical reasoner: addbefore/addSbefore now have APPEND/ORELSE
923 semantics; addbefore now affects only the unsafe part of step_tac
924 etc.; this affects addss/auto_tac/force_tac, so EXISTING PROOFS MAY
925 FAIL, but proofs should be fixable easily, e.g. by replacing Auto_tac
928 * Classical reasoner: setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to
929 compWrapper; added safe wrapper (and access functions for it);
931 * HOL/split_all_tac is now much faster and fails if there is nothing
932 to split. Some EXISTING PROOFS MAY REQUIRE ADAPTION because the order
933 and the names of the automatically generated variables have changed.
934 split_all_tac has moved within claset() from unsafe wrappers to safe
935 wrappers, which means that !!-bound variables are split much more
936 aggressively, and safe_tac and clarify_tac now split such variables.
937 If this splitting is not appropriate, use delSWrapper "split_all_tac".
938 Note: the same holds for record_split_tac, which does the job of
939 split_all_tac for record fields.
941 * HOL/Simplifier: Rewrite rules for case distinctions can now be added
942 permanently to the default simpset using Addsplits just like
943 Addsimps. They can be removed via Delsplits just like
944 Delsimps. Lower-case versions are also available.
946 * HOL/Simplifier: The rule split_if is now part of the default
947 simpset. This means that the simplifier will eliminate all occurrences
948 of if-then-else in the conclusion of a goal. To prevent this, you can
949 either remove split_if completely from the default simpset by
950 `Delsplits [split_if]' or remove it in a specific call of the
951 simplifier using `... delsplits [split_if]'. You can also add/delete
952 other case splitting rules to/from the default simpset: every datatype
953 generates suitable rules `split_t_case' and `split_t_case_asm' (where
954 t is the name of the datatype).
956 * Classical reasoner / Simplifier combination: new force_tac (and
957 derivatives Force_tac, force) combines rewriting and classical
958 reasoning (and whatever other tools) similarly to auto_tac, but is
959 aimed to solve the given subgoal completely.
964 * new top-level commands `Goal' and `Goalw' that improve upon `goal'
965 and `goalw': the theory is no longer needed as an explicit argument -
966 the current theory context is used; assumptions are no longer returned
967 at the ML-level unless one of them starts with ==> or !!; it is
968 recommended to convert to these new commands using isatool fixgoal
969 (backup your sources first!);
971 * new top-level commands 'thm' and 'thms' for retrieving theorems from
972 the current theory context, and 'theory' to lookup stored theories;
974 * new theory section 'locale' for declaring constants, assumptions and
975 definitions that have local scope;
977 * new theory section 'nonterminals' for purely syntactic types;
979 * new theory section 'setup' for generic ML setup functions
980 (e.g. package initialization);
982 * the distribution now includes Isabelle icons: see
983 lib/logo/isabelle-{small,tiny}.xpm;
985 * isatool install - install binaries with absolute references to
988 * isatool logo -- create instances of the Isabelle logo (as EPS);
990 * print mode 'emacs' reserved for Isamode;
992 * support multiple print (ast) translations per constant name;
994 * theorems involving oracles are now printed with a suffixed [!];
999 * there is now a tutorial on Isabelle/HOL (do 'isatool doc tutorial');
1001 * HOL/inductive package reorganized and improved: now supports mutual
1007 oddI "n : EVEN ==> Suc n : ODD"
1008 evenI "n : ODD ==> Suc n : EVEN"
1010 new theorem list "elims" contains an elimination rule for each of the
1011 recursive sets; inductive definitions now handle disjunctive premises
1012 correctly (also ZF);
1014 INCOMPATIBILITIES: requires Inductive as an ancestor; component
1015 "mutual_induct" no longer exists - the induction rule is always
1016 contained in "induct";
1019 * HOL/datatype package re-implemented and greatly improved: now
1020 supports mutually recursive datatypes such as
1023 'a aexp = IF_THEN_ELSE ('a bexp) ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
1024 | SUM ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
1025 | DIFF ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
1028 'a bexp = LESS ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
1029 | AND ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
1030 | OR ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
1032 as well as indirectly recursive datatypes such as
1035 ('a, 'b) term = Var 'a
1036 | App 'b ((('a, 'b) term) list)
1038 The new tactic mutual_induct_tac [<var_1>, ..., <var_n>] i performs
1039 induction on mutually / indirectly recursive datatypes.
1041 Primrec equations are now stored in theory and can be accessed via
1042 <function_name>.simps.
1046 - Theories using datatypes must now have theory Datatype as an
1048 - The specific <typename>.induct_tac no longer exists - use the
1049 generic induct_tac instead.
1050 - natE has been renamed to nat.exhaust - use exhaust_tac
1051 instead of res_inst_tac ... natE. Note that the variable
1052 names in nat.exhaust differ from the names in natE, this
1053 may cause some "fragile" proofs to fail.
1054 - The theorems split_<typename>_case and split_<typename>_case_asm
1055 have been renamed to <typename>.split and <typename>.split_asm.
1056 - Since default sorts of type variables are now handled correctly,
1057 some datatype definitions may have to be annotated with explicit
1059 - Primrec definitions no longer require function name and type
1060 of recursive argument.
1062 Consider using isatool fixdatatype to adapt your theories and proof
1063 scripts to the new package (backup your sources first!).
1066 * HOL/record package: considerably improved implementation; now
1067 includes concrete syntax for record types, terms, updates; theorems
1068 for surjective pairing and splitting !!-bound record variables; proof
1069 support is as follows:
1071 1) standard conversions (selectors or updates applied to record
1072 constructor terms) are part of the standard simpset;
1074 2) inject equations of the form ((x, y) = (x', y')) == x=x' & y=y' are
1075 made part of standard simpset and claset via addIffs;
1077 3) a tactic for record field splitting (record_split_tac) is part of
1078 the standard claset (addSWrapper);
1080 To get a better idea about these rules you may retrieve them via
1081 something like 'thms "foo.simps"' or 'thms "foo.iffs"', where "foo" is
1082 the name of your record type.
1084 The split tactic 3) conceptually simplifies by the following rule:
1086 "(!!x. PROP ?P x) == (!!a b. PROP ?P (a, b))"
1088 Thus any record variable that is bound by meta-all will automatically
1089 blow up into some record constructor term, consequently the
1090 simplifications of 1), 2) apply. Thus force_tac, auto_tac etc. shall
1091 solve record problems automatically.
1094 * reorganized the main HOL image: HOL/Integ and String loaded by
1095 default; theory Main includes everything;
1097 * automatic simplification of integer sums and comparisons, using cancellation;
1099 * added option_map_eq_Some and not_Some_eq to the default simpset and claset;
1101 * added disj_not1 = "(~P | Q) = (P --> Q)" to the default simpset;
1103 * many new identities for unions, intersections, set difference, etc.;
1105 * expand_if, expand_split, expand_sum_case and expand_nat_case are now
1106 called split_if, split_split, split_sum_case and split_nat_case (to go
1107 with add/delsplits);
1109 * HOL/Prod introduces simplification procedure unit_eq_proc rewriting
1110 (?x::unit) = (); this is made part of the default simpset, which COULD
1111 MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL under rare circumstances (consider
1112 'Delsimprocs [unit_eq_proc];' as last resort); also note that
1113 unit_abs_eta_conv is added in order to counter the effect of
1114 unit_eq_proc on (%u::unit. f u), replacing it by f rather than by
1117 * HOL/Fun INCOMPATIBILITY: `inj_onto' is now called `inj_on' (which
1120 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
1121 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
1122 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
1124 * HOL/Relation INCOMPATIBILITY: renamed the relational operator r^-1
1125 to 'converse' from 'inverse' (for compatibility with ZF and some
1128 * HOL/recdef can now declare non-recursive functions, with {} supplied as
1129 the well-founded relation;
1131 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: the complement of set A is now written -A instead of
1132 Compl A. The "Compl" syntax remains available as input syntax for this
1135 * HOL/Update: new theory of function updates:
1136 f(a:=b) == %x. if x=a then b else f x
1137 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
1139 * HOL/Vimage: new theory for inverse image of a function, syntax f-``B;
1142 - new function list_update written xs[i:=v] that updates the i-th
1143 list position. May also be iterated as in xs[i:=a,j:=b,...].
1144 - new function `upt' written [i..j(] which generates the list
1145 [i,i+1,...,j-1], i.e. the upper bound is excluded. To include the upper
1146 bound write [i..j], which is a shorthand for [i..j+1(].
1147 - new lexicographic orderings and corresponding wellfoundedness theorems.
1150 - removed 'pred' (predecessor) function;
1151 - generalized some theorems about n-1;
1152 - many new laws about "div" and "mod";
1153 - new laws about greatest common divisors (see theory ex/Primes);
1155 * HOL/Relation: renamed the relational operator r^-1 "converse"
1156 instead of "inverse";
1158 * HOL/Induct/Multiset: a theory of multisets, including the wellfoundedness
1159 of the multiset ordering;
1161 * directory HOL/Real: a construction of the reals using Dedekind cuts
1162 (not included by default);
1164 * directory HOL/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY formalism;
1166 * directory HOL/Hoare: a new version of Hoare logic which permits many-sorted
1167 programs, i.e. different program variables may have different types.
1169 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
1170 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
1171 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
1176 * theory Main includes everything; INCOMPATIBILITY: theory ZF.thy contains
1177 only the theorems proved on ZF.ML;
1179 * ZF INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
1180 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
1181 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
1183 * ZF/Update: new theory of function updates
1184 with default rewrite rule f(x:=y) ` z = if(z=x, y, f`z)
1185 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
1187 * in let x=t in u(x), neither t nor u(x) has to be an FOL term.
1189 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
1190 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
1191 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
1193 * case_tac provided for compatibility with HOL
1194 (like the old excluded_middle_tac, but with subgoals swapped)
1197 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
1199 * Pure: several new basic modules made available for general use, see
1200 also src/Pure/README;
1202 * improved the theory data mechanism to support encapsulation (data
1203 kind name replaced by private Object.kind, acting as authorization
1204 key); new type-safe user interface via functor TheoryDataFun; generic
1205 print_data function becomes basically useless;
1207 * removed global_names compatibility flag -- all theory declarations
1208 are qualified by default;
1210 * module Pure/Syntax now offers quote / antiquote translation
1211 functions (useful for Hoare logic etc. with implicit dependencies);
1212 see HOL/ex/Antiquote for an example use;
1214 * Simplifier now offers conversions (asm_)(full_)rewrite: simpset ->
1217 * new tactical CHANGED_GOAL for checking that a tactic modifies a
1220 * Display.print_goals function moved to Locale.print_goals;
1222 * standard print function for goals supports current_goals_markers
1223 variable for marking begin of proof, end of proof, start of goal; the
1224 default is ("", "", ""); setting current_goals_markers := ("<proof>",
1225 "</proof>", "<goal>") causes SGML like tagged proof state printing,
1230 New in Isabelle98 (January 1998)
1231 --------------------------------
1233 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
1235 * changed lexical syntax of terms / types: dots made part of long
1236 identifiers, e.g. "%x.x" no longer possible, should be "%x. x";
1238 * simpset (and claset) reference variable replaced by functions
1239 simpset / simpset_ref;
1241 * no longer supports theory aliases (via merge) and non-trivial
1242 implicit merge of thms' signatures;
1244 * most internal names of constants changed due to qualified names;
1246 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML);
1249 *** General Changes ***
1251 * hierachically structured name spaces (for consts, types, axms, thms
1252 etc.); new lexical class 'longid' (e.g. Foo.bar.x) may render much of
1253 old input syntactically incorrect (e.g. "%x.x"); COMPATIBILITY:
1254 isatool fixdots ensures space after dots (e.g. "%x. x"); set
1255 long_names for fully qualified output names; NOTE: ML programs
1256 (special tactics, packages etc.) referring to internal names may have
1257 to be adapted to cope with fully qualified names; in case of severe
1258 backward campatibility problems try setting 'global_names' at compile
1259 time to have enrything declared within a flat name space; one may also
1260 fine tune name declarations in theories via the 'global' and 'local'
1263 * reimplemented the implicit simpset and claset using the new anytype
1264 data filed in signatures; references simpset:simpset ref etc. are
1265 replaced by functions simpset:unit->simpset and
1266 simpset_ref:unit->simpset ref; COMPATIBILITY: use isatool fixclasimp
1267 to patch your ML files accordingly;
1269 * HTML output now includes theory graph data for display with Java
1270 applet or isatool browser; data generated automatically via isatool
1271 usedir (see -i option, ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS);
1273 * defs may now be conditional; improved rewrite_goals_tac to handle
1274 conditional equations;
1276 * defs now admits additional type arguments, using TYPE('a) syntax;
1278 * theory aliases via merge (e.g. M=A+B+C) no longer supported, always
1279 creates a new theory node; implicit merge of thms' signatures is
1280 restricted to 'trivial' ones; COMPATIBILITY: one may have to use
1281 transfer:theory->thm->thm in (rare) cases;
1283 * improved handling of draft signatures / theories; draft thms (and
1284 ctyps, cterms) are automatically promoted to real ones;
1286 * slightly changed interfaces for oracles: admit many per theory, named
1287 (e.g. oracle foo = mlfun), additional name argument for invoke_oracle;
1289 * print_goals: optional output of const types (set show_consts and
1292 * improved output of warnings (###) and errors (***);
1294 * subgoal_tac displays a warning if the new subgoal has type variables;
1296 * removed old README and Makefiles;
1298 * replaced print_goals_ref hook by print_current_goals_fn and result_error_fn;
1300 * removed obsolete init_pps and init_database;
1302 * deleted the obsolete tactical STATE, which was declared by
1303 fun STATE tacfun st = tacfun st st;
1305 * cd and use now support path variables, e.g. $ISABELLE_HOME, or ~
1306 (which abbreviates $HOME);
1308 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML); COMPATIBILITY:
1309 use isatool fixseq to adapt your ML programs (this works for fully
1310 qualified references to the Sequence structure only!);
1312 * use_thy no longer requires writable current directory; it always
1313 reloads .ML *and* .thy file, if either one is out of date;
1316 *** Classical Reasoner ***
1318 * Clarify_tac, clarify_tac, clarify_step_tac, Clarify_step_tac: new
1319 tactics that use classical reasoning to simplify a subgoal without
1320 splitting it into several subgoals;
1322 * Safe_tac: like safe_tac but uses the default claset;
1327 * added simplification meta rules:
1328 (asm_)(full_)simplify: simpset -> thm -> thm;
1330 * simplifier.ML no longer part of Pure -- has to be loaded by object
1333 * added prems argument to simplification procedures;
1335 * HOL, FOL, ZF: added infix function `addsplits':
1336 instead of `<simpset> setloop (split_tac <thms>)'
1337 you can simply write `<simpset> addsplits <thms>'
1342 * TYPE('a) syntax for type reflection terms;
1344 * no longer handles consts with name "" -- declare as 'syntax' instead;
1346 * pretty printer: changed order of mixfix annotation preference (again!);
1348 * Pure: fixed idt/idts vs. pttrn/pttrns syntactic categories;
1353 * HOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
1354 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
1356 * HOL/TLA: Stephan Merz's formalization of Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions;
1358 * HOL/Auth: new protocol proofs including some for the Internet
1361 * HOL/Map: new theory of `maps' a la VDM;
1363 * HOL/simplifier: simplification procedures nat_cancel_sums for
1364 cancelling out common nat summands from =, <, <= (in)equalities, or
1365 differences; simplification procedures nat_cancel_factor for
1366 cancelling common factor from =, <, <= (in)equalities over natural
1367 sums; nat_cancel contains both kinds of procedures, it is installed by
1368 default in Arith.thy -- this COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL;
1370 * HOL/simplifier: terms of the form
1371 `? x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x)' (or t=x)
1373 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t)',
1374 and those of the form
1375 `! x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x) --> R(x)' (or t=x)
1377 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t) --> R(t)',
1380 Each datatype `t' now comes with a theorem `split_t_case' of the form
1382 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
1383 ( (!y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 --> P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) &
1385 (!y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn --> P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
1388 and a theorem `split_t_case_asm' of the form
1390 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
1391 ~( (? y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 & ~P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) |
1393 (? y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn & ~P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
1395 which can be added to a simpset via `addsplits'. The existing theorems
1396 expand_list_case and expand_option_case have been renamed to
1397 split_list_case and split_option_case.
1400 - `pred n' is automatically converted to `n-1'.
1401 Users are strongly encouraged not to use `pred' any longer,
1402 because it will disappear altogether at some point.
1403 - Users are strongly encouraged to write "0 < n" rather than
1404 "n ~= 0". Theorems and proof tools have been modified towards this
1408 the function "set_of_list" has been renamed "set" (and its theorems too);
1409 the function "nth" now takes its arguments in the reverse order and
1410 has acquired the infix notation "!" as in "xs!n".
1412 * HOL/Set: UNIV is now a constant and is no longer translated to Compl{};
1414 * HOL/Set: The operator (UN x.B x) now abbreviates (UN x:UNIV. B x) and its
1415 specialist theorems (like UN1_I) are gone. Similarly for (INT x.B x);
1417 * HOL/record: extensible records with schematic structural subtyping
1418 (single inheritance); EXPERIMENTAL version demonstrating the encoding,
1419 still lacks various theorems and concrete record syntax;
1424 * removed "axioms" and "generated by" sections;
1426 * replaced "ops" section by extended "consts" section, which is capable of
1427 handling the continuous function space "->" directly;
1430 . proves theorems immediately and stores them in the theory,
1431 . creates hierachical name space,
1432 . now uses normal mixfix annotations (instead of cinfix...),
1433 . minor changes to some names and values (for consistency),
1434 . e.g. cases -> casedist, dists_eq -> dist_eqs, [take_lemma] -> take_lemmas,
1435 . separator between mutual domain defs: changed "," to "and",
1436 . improved handling of sort constraints; now they have to
1437 appear on the left-hand side of the equations only;
1439 * fixed LAM <x,y,zs>.b syntax;
1441 * added extended adm_tac to simplifier in HOLCF -- can now discharge
1442 adm (%x. P (t x)), where P is chainfinite and t continuous;
1447 * FOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
1448 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
1450 * qed_spec_mp, qed_goal_spec_mp, qed_goalw_spec_mp are available, as
1451 in HOL, they strip ALL and --> from proved theorems;
1455 New in Isabelle94-8 (May 1997)
1456 ------------------------------
1458 *** General Changes ***
1460 * new utilities to build / run / maintain Isabelle etc. (in parts
1461 still somewhat experimental); old Makefiles etc. still functional;
1463 * new 'Isabelle System Manual';
1465 * INSTALL text, together with ./configure and ./build scripts;
1467 * reimplemented type inference for greater efficiency, better error
1468 messages and clean internal interface;
1470 * prlim command for dealing with lots of subgoals (an easier way of
1471 setting goals_limit);
1476 * supports alternative (named) syntax tables (parser and pretty
1477 printer); internal interface is provided by add_modesyntax(_i);
1479 * Pure, FOL, ZF, HOL, HOLCF now support symbolic input and output; to
1480 be used in conjunction with the Isabelle symbol font; uses the
1481 "symbols" syntax table;
1483 * added token_translation interface (may translate name tokens in
1484 arbitrary ways, dependent on their type (free, bound, tfree, ...) and
1485 the current print_mode); IMPORTANT: user print translation functions
1486 are responsible for marking newly introduced bounds
1487 (Syntax.mark_boundT);
1489 * token translations for modes "xterm" and "xterm_color" that display
1490 names in bold, underline etc. or colors (which requires a color
1493 * infixes may now be declared with names independent of their syntax;
1495 * added typed_print_translation (like print_translation, but may
1496 access type of constant);
1499 *** Classical Reasoner ***
1501 Blast_tac: a new tactic! It is often more powerful than fast_tac, but has
1502 some limitations. Blast_tac...
1503 + ignores addss, addbefore, addafter; this restriction is intrinsic
1504 + ignores elimination rules that don't have the correct format
1505 (the conclusion MUST be a formula variable)
1506 + ignores types, which can make HOL proofs fail
1507 + rules must not require higher-order unification, e.g. apply_type in ZF
1508 [message "Function Var's argument not a bound variable" relates to this]
1509 + its proof strategy is more general but can actually be slower
1511 * substitution with equality assumptions no longer permutes other
1514 * minor changes in semantics of addafter (now called addaltern); renamed
1515 setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to compWrapper; added safe wrapper
1516 (and access functions for it);
1518 * improved combination of classical reasoner and simplifier:
1519 + functions for handling clasimpsets
1520 + improvement of addss: now the simplifier is called _after_ the
1522 + safe variant of addss called addSss: uses safe simplifications
1523 _during_ the safe steps. It is more complete as it allows multiple
1524 instantiations of unknowns (e.g. with slow_tac).
1528 * added interface for simplification procedures (functions that
1529 produce *proven* rewrite rules on the fly, depending on current
1532 * ordering on terms as parameter (used for ordered rewriting);
1534 * new functions delcongs, deleqcongs, and Delcongs. richer rep_ss;
1536 * the solver is now split into a safe and an unsafe part.
1537 This should be invisible for the normal user, except that the
1538 functions setsolver and addsolver have been renamed to setSolver and
1539 addSolver; added safe_asm_full_simp_tac;
1544 * a generic induction tactic `induct_tac' which works for all datatypes and
1545 also for type `nat';
1547 * a generic case distinction tactic `exhaust_tac' which works for all
1548 datatypes and also for type `nat';
1550 * each datatype comes with a function `size';
1552 * patterns in case expressions allow tuple patterns as arguments to
1553 constructors, for example `case x of [] => ... | (x,y,z)#ps => ...';
1555 * primrec now also works with type nat;
1557 * recdef: a new declaration form, allows general recursive functions to be
1558 defined in theory files. See HOL/ex/Fib, HOL/ex/Primes, HOL/Subst/Unify.
1560 * the constant for negation has been renamed from "not" to "Not" to
1561 harmonize with FOL, ZF, LK, etc.;
1563 * HOL/ex/LFilter theory of a corecursive "filter" functional for
1566 * HOL/Modelcheck demonstrates invocation of model checker oracle;
1568 * HOL/ex/Ring.thy declares cring_simp, which solves equational
1569 problems in commutative rings, using axiomatic type classes for + and *;
1571 * more examples in HOL/MiniML and HOL/Auth;
1573 * more default rewrite rules for quantifiers, union/intersection;
1575 * a new constant `arbitrary == @x.False';
1577 * HOLCF/IOA replaces old HOL/IOA;
1579 * HOLCF changes: derived all rules and arities
1580 + axiomatic type classes instead of classes
1581 + typedef instead of faking type definitions
1582 + eliminated the internal constants less_fun, less_cfun, UU_fun, UU_cfun etc.
1583 + new axclasses cpo, chfin, flat with flat < chfin < pcpo < cpo < po
1584 + eliminated the types void, one, tr
1585 + use unit lift and bool lift (with translations) instead of one and tr
1586 + eliminated blift from Lift3.thy (use Def instead of blift)
1587 all eliminated rules are derived as theorems --> no visible changes ;
1592 * ZF now has Fast_tac, Simp_tac and Auto_tac. Union_iff is a now a default
1593 rewrite rule; this may affect some proofs. eq_cs is gone but can be put back
1594 as ZF_cs addSIs [equalityI];
1598 New in Isabelle94-7 (November 96)
1599 ---------------------------------
1601 * allowing negative levels (as offsets) in prlev and choplev;
1603 * super-linear speedup for large simplifications;
1605 * FOL, ZF and HOL now use miniscoping: rewriting pushes
1606 quantifications in as far as possible (COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS
1607 FAIL); can suppress it using the command Delsimps (ex_simps @
1608 all_simps); De Morgan laws are also now included, by default;
1610 * improved printing of ==> : ~:
1612 * new object-logic "Sequents" adds linear logic, while replacing LK
1613 and Modal (thanks to Sara Kalvala);
1615 * HOL/Auth: correctness proofs for authentication protocols;
1617 * HOL: new auto_tac combines rewriting and classical reasoning (many
1618 examples on HOL/Auth);
1620 * HOL: new command AddIffs for declaring theorems of the form P=Q to
1621 the rewriter and classical reasoner simultaneously;
1623 * function uresult no longer returns theorems in "standard" format;
1624 regain previous version by: val uresult = standard o uresult;
1631 * oracles -- these establish an interface between Isabelle and trusted
1632 external reasoners, which may deliver results as theorems;
1634 * proof objects (in particular record all uses of oracles);
1636 * Simp_tac, Fast_tac, etc. that refer to implicit simpset / claset;
1638 * "constdefs" section in theory files;
1640 * "primrec" section (HOL) no longer requires names;
1642 * internal type "tactic" now simply "thm -> thm Sequence.seq";
1649 * reduced space requirements;
1651 * automatic HTML generation from theories;
1653 * theory files no longer require "..." (quotes) around most types;
1655 * new examples, including two proofs of the Church-Rosser theorem;
1657 * non-curried (1994) version of HOL is no longer distributed;
1664 * greatly reduced space requirements;
1666 * theory files (.thy) no longer require \...\ escapes at line breaks;
1668 * searchable theorem database (see the section "Retrieving theorems" on
1669 page 8 of the Reference Manual);
1671 * new examples, including Grabczewski's monumental case study of the
1674 * The previous version of HOL renamed to Old_HOL;
1676 * The new version of HOL (previously called CHOL) uses a curried syntax
1677 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b);
1679 * Mutually recursive inductive definitions finally work in HOL;
1681 * In ZF, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions and
1682 translates to the operator "split";
1689 * new infix operator, addss, allowing the classical reasoner to
1690 perform simplification at each step of its search. Example:
1691 fast_tac (cs addss ss)
1693 * a new logic, CHOL, the same as HOL, but with a curried syntax
1694 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b). Also pairs
1695 look like (a,b) instead of <a,b>;
1697 * PLEASE NOTE: CHOL will eventually replace HOL!
1699 * In CHOL, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions.
1700 It translates to the operator "split". A new theory of integers is available;
1702 * In ZF, integer numerals now denote two's-complement binary integers.
1703 Arithmetic operations can be performed by rewriting. See ZF/ex/Bin.ML;
1705 * Many new examples: I/O automata, Church-Rosser theorem, equivalents
1706 of the Axiom of Choice;
1713 * Significantly faster resolution;
1715 * the different sections in a .thy file can now be mixed and repeated
1718 * Database of theorems for FOL, HOL and ZF. New
1719 commands including qed, qed_goal and bind_thm store theorems in the database.
1721 * Simple database queries: return a named theorem (get_thm) or all theorems of
1722 a given theory (thms_of), or find out what theory a theorem was proved in
1725 * Bugs fixed in the inductive definition and datatype packages;
1727 * The classical reasoner provides deepen_tac and depth_tac, making FOL_dup_cs
1728 and HOL_dup_cs obsolete;
1730 * Syntactic ambiguities caused by the new treatment of syntax in Isabelle94-1
1733 * Simpler definition of function space in ZF;
1735 * new results about cardinal and ordinal arithmetic in ZF;
1737 * 'subtype' facility in HOL for introducing new types as subsets of existing