2 %% Modified page break penalties
3 %% Commented out the change to \newlinechar
4 %% Increased space in Contents and List of Figures
5 %% Changed \thebibliography to the defn in llncs.sty
7 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
9 % MATHSING.STY Version 1.1
11 % This LaTeX style option file contains necessary macros for writing
12 % camera ready English single author math book manuscripts.
17 % \documentstyle[12pt,mathsing]{book}
22 % 90/11/04 pagestyle empty for first page of chapter
23 % 90/11/04 distinct figure and table captions
24 % 90/11/04 \small for captions and headings
25 % 90/11/04 improved definition of theorem-like environments
26 % 90/12/01 separation after chapter title changed to 5.1cm
27 % 90/12/01 page size changed to 45x14.4+10pt=23.05cm
29 % 90/12/01 common counter for theorem-like environments
30 % 90/12/02 table of contents
31 % 90/12/02 final improvements and corrections
32 % 90/12/26 two styles for equation numbers
33 % 91/02/05 \numberlikebook and \numberlikearticle replace
34 % \eqnbook and \eqnarticle
35 % 91/10/07 \listoffigures, \listoftables made similar to
37 % running head of Index changed: Sachverzeichnis -> Index,
38 % \newthe now uses \thechapter instead of \arabic{chapter}
39 % 91/02/05 binding: \tablebook, \tablearticle
40 % \figurebook, \figurearticle added
41 % 91/10/07 holzwarth: \listoffigures, \listoftables
42 % according to \tableofcontents,
44 % \newthe to produce correct numbers
45 % 91/12/03 \chapter, \section, and \subsection now do not
46 % hyphenate the headings any more
48 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
52 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
54 % change the catcode of @ (allows names containing @ after \begin{document})
56 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
61 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
63 % page layout and dimensions
65 % The following commands are redefined:
67 % \ps@headings (cf. BOOK.STY)
69 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
74 % Note: The following values do not apply for English Springer
75 % books on phsics; use \baselineskip=14pt, \textwidth=13.8cm,
76 % \textheight=640pt (=45x14pt+10pt=22.5cm) instead!
79 \baselineskip=14.4pt % LaTeX default
82 \textwidth=14.2cm % 1.2 x 11.833 cm
83 \textheight=658pt % 45x14.4pt+10pt = 658pt = 23.0554cm
84 %\textheight=23.2502cm % 1.2x19.3752cm=23.2502cm (first version)
89 \parindent=7mm % 1.2 x 5.833mm
91 \hfuzz=2pt % supress "overfull box" messages below 2pt
93 \frenchspacing % no large blanks at the end of a sentence
98 \abovedisplayskip=3.6 mm plus7.2pt minus 4.8pt
99 \belowdisplayskip=3.6 mm plus7.2pt minus 4.8pt
100 \abovedisplayshortskip=0.0 mm plus7.2pt minus 2.4pt
101 \belowdisplayshortskip=2.4 mm plus4.8pt minus 4.8pt
103 %%LCP: were 0, 10000, 10000
104 \predisplaypenalty=100 % penalties for page break
113 % binding 5.2.91 \hspace changed to 1.0 cm | |
114 % binding 5.2.91 dot deleted after \thesection |
116 \let\@mkboth\markboth
119 \def\@evenhead{\rm\small\thepage\hspace{1.0cm}\leftmark\hfil\hbox{}}
120 \def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\hfil\rm\small\rightmark\hspace{1.0cm}\thepage}
121 \def\chaptermark##1{\markboth
122 {\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \thechapter.\ \fi ##1}{}}
123 %hier punkt raus. binding |
124 \def\sectionmark##1{\markright
125 {\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@ \thesection\ \fi ##1}}
134 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
136 % Chapters and Sections
138 % The following commands are redefined:
140 % \@makechapterhead (cf. BK12.STY)
141 % \@makeschapterhead (cf. BK12.STY)
142 % \chapter (cf. BK12.STY)
143 % \@sect (cf. LATEX.TEX)
144 % \section (cf. BK12.STY)
145 % \subsection (cf. BK12.STY)
146 % \subsubsection (cf. BK12.STY)
147 % \paragraph (cf. BK12.STY)
148 % \subparagraph (cf. BK12.STY)
150 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
153 % number of numbered section levels
156 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
160 % Adapt the font size for chapter titles and supress printing of
164 \def\@makechapterhead#1{ { \parindent 0pt \raggedright
165 % \pretolerance added 12/3/91 fuh
166 {\pretolerance=10000\Large \bf \thechapter.\hspace{0.3cm}#1\par}%
167 \nobreak \vskip 4cm \vskip\baselineskip} }
169 \def\@makeschapterhead#1{ { \parindent 0pt \raggedright
170 % \pretolerance added 12/3/91 fuh
171 \pretolerance=10000\Large \bf #1\par
172 \nobreak \vskip 4cm \vskip\baselineskip} }
175 % define pagestyle=empty for first page of a chapter
178 \def\chapter{\cleardoublepage \thispagestyle{empty} \global\@topnum\z@
179 \@afterindentfalse \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
182 % Change the distance between section number and title from 1em to 2mm
183 % binding: changed again to 1en=0.5em | 5.2.91
186 \def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
189 \edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname\hskip 0.5em }\fi
191 \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
193 % changed by Binding :) 20.3.91
194 % old: \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}
195 % \@hangfrom deleted to avoid hanging indentation \noindent added
196 {\noindent\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
197 {\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}
199 \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
200 {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
201 \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
203 \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
205 {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
206 \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
212 % Font size for section titles;
213 % Increased vertical space before and after sections, subsections
214 % and subsubsections by 1ex; run-in headings starting with subsubsection
216 % (\@startsection{NAME}{LEVEL}{INDENT}{BEFORESKIP}{AFTERSKIP}{STYLE})
219 %binding, 18.3.91: \boldmath inserted
220 \def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{
221 -4.50ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{3.3ex plus .2ex}
222 {\large\bf\boldmath\raggedright\pretolerance=10000}}
223 % \raggedright and \pretolerance added 12/3/91 fuh
224 \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{
225 -4.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.5ex plus .2ex}
226 {\normalsize\bf\boldmath\raggedright\pretolerance=10000}}
227 % \raggedright and \pretolerance added 12/3/91 fuh
228 \def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{
229 -3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{-0.5em}
230 {\normalsize\bf\boldmath}}
231 \def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{
232 -3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{-0.5em}{\normalsize\it}}
233 \def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\@}{
234 -3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{-0.5em}{\normalsize\it}}
236 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
237 %20.3.91, binding: \labelitemi changed
238 \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\bullet$}
239 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
243 % Change width of horizontal and vertical lines in arrays and tables
245 % The following commands are redefined:
249 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
251 \arrayrulewidth0.15mm
254 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
256 % Figure and table captions (small)
258 % To meet the different requirements for table and figure captions
259 % new macros \@makefigurecaption and \@maketablecaption are introduced
260 % in addition to \@makecaption (cf. BOOK.STY). The \@caption macro is
261 % changed to check for figures and tables.
263 % The following commands are redefined:
265 % \@caption (cf. LATEX.TEX)
266 % \fnum@figure (cf. BOOK.STY)
267 % \fnum@table (cf. BOOK.STY)
269 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
271 \long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
272 ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
273 the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\par
277 \csname @make#1caption\endcsname
278 {\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
281 \long\def\@makefigurecaption#1#2{
282 \vskip 10pt % skip between figure and caption
283 {\small % required here for correct \baselineskip !
284 \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\small{\bf#1}#2}
285 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
286 \unhbox\@tempboxa\par
288 \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil} % centered short caption !
290 \vskip 10pt} % additional space between caption and text
292 \long\def\@maketablecaption#1#2{
293 \vskip 10pt % additional space between text and caption
294 {\small % required here for correct \baselineskip !
295 \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\small{\bf#1}#2}
296 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
297 \unhbox\@tempboxa\par
298 \else \hbox to\hsize{\box\@tempboxa\hfil} % leftadjusted short caption !
300 \vskip 10pt} % skip between caption and table
302 \def\fnum@figure{Fig.$\,$\thefigure.$\;$}
303 \def\fnum@table{Table$\,$\thetable.$\;$}
306 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
308 % Distance between text and floatings (tables, figures)
310 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
312 \floatsep 14pt plus 2pt minus 4pt % LaTeX defaults values
313 \textfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt %
314 \intextsep 14pt plus 4pt minus 4pt %
319 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
323 % The following commands are redefined:
325 % \l@chapter (cf. LATEX.STY)
328 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
331 % lowest level for table of contents entries
333 \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
336 % dotted line for chapters in table of contents
337 % (cf. definition of \@dottedline in LATEX.STY)
339 \def\l@chapter#1#2{\pagebreak[3]
340 \vskip 1.0em plus 1pt \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
341 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
342 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
344 \nobreak\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
346 \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss \rm #2}\par
349 %copied from book.sty to leave room for 12.11, etc. -- Frank Holzwarth via LCP
350 \def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.8em}}
351 \def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.8em}}
354 % Adaption of \tableofcontents (title,headings,pagenumber)
357 \def\tableofcontents{
359 \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
360 \chapter*{Table of Contents}
361 \markboth{Table of Contents}{Table of Contents} % headline
362 \renewcommand{\thepage}{\Roman{page}} % roman page number
363 \@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
365 %%%%%%%% added 91/10/07 fuh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
369 % The following commands are redefined:
373 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
377 \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
378 \chapter*{List of Figures}
379 \markboth{List of Figures}{List of Figures} % headline
380 \renewcommand{\thepage}{\Roman{page}} % roman page number
381 \@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
383 %%%%%%%% added 91/10/07 fuh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
387 % The following commands are redefined:
391 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
395 \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
396 \chapter*{List of Tables}
397 \markboth{List of Tables}{List of Tables} % headline
398 \renewcommand{\thepage}{\Roman{page}} % roman page number
399 \@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
401 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
403 % Index (with table of contents entry)
405 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
407 \def\theindex{ \cleardoublepage
411 \twocolumn[\@makeschapterhead{Index}]
412 \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Index}
413 \@mkboth{Index}{Index}
414 \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
415 \parskip\z@ plus .3pt\relax\let\item\@idxitem}
416 \def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 15pt}
417 \def\subitem{\par\hangindent 15pt -- }
418 \def\endtheindex{\clearpage}
419 \def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10pt plus 5pt minus 3pt\relax}
422 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
424 % References (Bibliography)
426 % Macros for creating a list of references in small print using LaTeX
427 % defaults or some special Springer commands.
431 % \begin{thebibliography}{wide-label} % LaTeX standard macros
432 % \bibitem[label]{name} ... text ...
433 % \bibitem[label]{name} ... text ...
434 % \end{thebibliography}
438 % \begin{references}{wide-label} % Springer macros
439 % \refer ... text ...
440 % \refno{no.} ... text ...
441 % \refmark{[label]} ... text ...
446 % \refchapter starts an unnumbered chapter "References"; small font
447 % \refer unlabeled item with hanging indentation
448 % \refno right adjusted label (for numbers)
449 % \refmark left adjusted label (for text labels)
453 % \thebibliography (BOOK.STY) (further edit by LCP!)
454 % \endthebibliography (BOOK.STY)
456 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
458 \def\refchapter{\chapter*{References}
459 \parindent0pt\parskip0pt\small
460 \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{References}
461 \markboth{References}{References}}
464 \def\thebibliography#1{\refchapter\small\list
465 {\arabic{enumi}.}{\settowidth\labelwidth{#1.}\leftmargin\labelwidth
466 \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
468 \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}
470 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
471 \let\endthebibliography=\endlist
474 \newenvironment{references}[1]{\refchapter
475 \settowidth\labelwidth{#1\enspace}
476 \begingroup}{\endgraf\endgroup}
478 % The following macros are from REFER.TEX.
479 % \refindent is replaced by the predefined dimension \labelwidth
480 % that is also used by \thebibliography; \ref is replaced by \refer
481 % since \ref is already used for referencing lables!
485 % \refer produces ordinary entries, successive line are indented 1em
486 \def\refer{\goodbreak\hangindent1em\hangafter=1\noindent\ignorespaces}
488 % \refno produces entries with right-aligned marks in the margin
489 \def\refno#1{\goodbreak
490 \setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\ifdim\labelwidth<\wd0\relax
491 \message{|Your reference `#1' is wider than you pretended in using
493 \hangindent\labelwidth\hangafter=1\noindent
494 \kern\labelwidth\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
496 % \refmark produces entries with left-aligned marks in the margin
497 \def\refmark#1{\goodbreak
498 \setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\ifdim\labelwidth<\wd0\relax
499 \message{|Your reference `#1' is wider than you pretended in using
501 \hangindent\labelwidth\hangafter=1\noindent
502 \hbox to\labelwidth{#1\hss}\ignorespaces}
506 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
510 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
513 % The following lines define a new environment 'listing'
519 % that prints listings using \footnotesize and takes care to reset
520 % the \baselineskip. The macro definition is based on ALLTT.STY that
521 % allows various TEX commands to be given within the environment
522 % (e.g. '\input', '\index' or '\it'). '%' has been retained as a special
523 % character within 'listing', however, to avoid unwanted line breaks.
527 \def\docspecials{\do\ \do\$\do\&%
528 \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\~}
530 \newdimen\oldbaselineskip
531 \def\listing{\par\noindent\oldbaselineskip=\baselineskip \footnotesize%
532 \trivlist \item[]\if@minipage\else\vskip\parskip\fi
533 \leftskip\@totalleftmargin\rightskip\z@
534 \parindent\z@\parfillskip\@flushglue\parskip\z@
535 \@tempswafalse \def\par{\if@tempswa\hbox{}\fi\@tempswatrue\@@par}
536 \obeylines \tt \catcode``=13 \@noligs \let\do\@makeother \docspecials
537 \frenchspacing\@vobeyspaces}
539 \def\endlisting{\endtrivlist\baselineskip=\oldbaselineskip}
541 %Add ttbox to Springer's macros!! - LCP
542 %now redefines \{ and \}
543 \newenvironment{ttbox}{\par\nobreak\vskip-2pt%
544 \vbox\bgroup\begin{listing}\chardef\{=`\{\chardef\}=`\}%
545 \leftskip\leftmargini}%
546 {\end{listing}\egroup\vskip-7pt\@endparenv}
547 \newcommand\ttbreak{\end{ttbox}\goodbreak\vskip-8pt plus 3pt\begin{ttbox}}
549 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
551 % Acknowledgements ( = acknow.tex)
553 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
555 \def\ack#1{\vskip11pt\begingroup\noindent{\it Acknowledgements\/}.
556 \ignorespaces#1\vskip6pt\endgroup}
559 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
561 % Definition of versal greek letters ( = ucgreek.tex)
563 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
565 \mathchardef\Gamma="0100
566 \mathchardef\Delta="0101
567 \mathchardef\Theta="0102
568 \mathchardef\Lambda="0103
569 \mathchardef\Xi="0104
570 \mathchardef\Pi="0105
571 \mathchardef\Sigma="0106
572 \mathchardef\Upsilon="0107
573 \mathchardef\Phi="0108
574 \mathchardef\Psi="0109
575 \mathchardef\Omega="010A
578 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
580 % Vectors ( = vector.tex)
582 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
585 % it redefines the plain TeX \vec command
586 % to produce bold characters
589 \mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\bf#1$}}
590 {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\bf#1$}}
591 {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\bf#1$}}
592 {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\bf#1$}}\else
593 {\mbox{\boldmath$\bf#1$}}\fi}
595 %\def\vec#1{{\textfont0=\tenbf\scriptfont0=\sevenbf
596 %\scriptscriptfont0=\fivebf
597 %\textfont1=\tenbf\scriptfont1=\sevenbf
598 %\scriptscriptfont1=\fivebf
599 %\ifmmode % supply all varieties of math sizes
600 % \mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle#1$}}
601 % {\hbox{$\scriptstyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}
602 %\else\hbox{$#1$}\fi}}
604 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
606 % Symbols ( = symbols.tex )
608 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
610 % This is symbols.tex
611 % the symbols not available in plain TeX are constructed
612 % by overprinting some characters
614 \def\sun{{\hbox{$\odot$}}}
615 \def\la{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
616 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}\sim\cr}}}
617 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
618 \noalign{\vskip1.0pt}\sim\cr}}}
619 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
620 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\sim\cr}}}
621 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil
622 \cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\sim\cr}}}}}
623 \def\ga{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
624 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}\sim\cr}}}
625 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
626 \noalign{\vskip1.0pt}\sim\cr}}}
627 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
628 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\sim\cr}}}
629 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil
630 \cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\sim\cr}}}}}
631 \def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
632 \def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
633 \def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
634 \def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
635 \def\utw{\smash{\rlap{\lower5pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}}
636 \def\udtw{\smash{\rlap{\lower6pt\hbox{$\approx$}}}}
637 \def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
638 \def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
639 \def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
640 \def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
641 \def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
642 \def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
643 \def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
644 \def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
645 \def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
646 \halign{\hfil$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
647 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
649 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
651 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
653 \def\cor{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\widehat=$}}{\hbox{$\widehat=$}}
654 {\hbox{$\scriptstyle\hat=$}}
655 {\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\hat=$}}}}
656 \def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
657 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
658 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
659 >\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
660 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
661 >\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
662 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
663 >\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}<\cr}}}}}
664 \def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
665 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}=\cr}}}
666 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
667 \noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
668 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
669 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}=\cr}}}
670 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
671 <\cr\noalign{\vskip0.5pt}=\cr}}}}}
672 \def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
673 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}=\cr}}}
674 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
675 \noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
676 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
677 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}=\cr}}}
678 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
679 >\cr\noalign{\vskip0.5pt}=\cr}}}}}
680 \def\sol{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
681 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.2mm}<\cr}}}
682 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
683 \halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}
684 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
685 \halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}
686 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
687 \halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}}}
688 \def\sog{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
689 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.2mm}>\cr}}}
690 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
691 \halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}
692 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
693 \halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}
694 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
695 \halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}}}
696 \def\lse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
697 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}\simeq\cr}}}
698 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
699 \noalign{\vskip1pt}\simeq\cr}}}
700 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
701 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\simeq\cr}}}
702 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
703 \halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
704 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\simeq\cr}}}}}
705 \def\gse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
706 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}\simeq\cr}}}
707 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
708 \noalign{\vskip1.0pt}\simeq\cr}}}
709 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
710 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\simeq\cr}}}
711 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
712 \halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
713 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\simeq\cr}}}}}
714 \def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
715 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
716 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
717 >\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
718 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
719 >\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
720 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
721 >\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}<\cr}}}}}
722 \def\leogr{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
723 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}>\cr}}}
724 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
725 <\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}>\cr}}}
726 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
727 <\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}>\cr}}}
728 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
729 <\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}>\cr}}}}}
730 \def\loa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
731 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}\approx\cr}}}
732 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
733 \noalign{\vskip1.0pt}\approx\cr}}}
734 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
735 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\approx\cr}}}
736 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
737 <\cr\noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\approx\cr}}}}}
738 \def\goa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
739 $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.5pt}\approx\cr}}}
740 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
741 \noalign{\vskip1.0pt}\approx\cr}}}
742 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
743 \noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\approx\cr}}}
744 {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
745 >\cr\noalign{\vskip0.5pt}\approx\cr}}}}}
746 \def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
747 \def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
748 \def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
749 \def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
750 \def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
751 \def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
752 \def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
753 \def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
754 {\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
755 \def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
756 to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
757 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
758 to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
759 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
760 to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
761 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
762 to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
763 \def\bbbe{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{\smalletextfont e}\hbox{\raise
764 0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.3pt
765 height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
766 {\setbox0=\hbox{\smalletextfont e}\hbox{\raise
767 0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.3pt
768 height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
769 {\setbox0=\hbox{\smallescriptfont e}\hbox{\raise
770 0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule width0.2pt
771 height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
772 {\setbox0=\hbox{\smallescriptscriptfont e}\hbox{\raise
773 0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.2pt
774 height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
775 \def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
776 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
777 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
778 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
779 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
780 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
781 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
782 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
783 \def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
784 T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
785 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
786 to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
787 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
788 to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
789 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
790 to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
791 \def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
792 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
793 to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
794 to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
795 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
796 to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
797 to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
798 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
799 to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
800 to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
801 {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
802 to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
803 to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
806 % note: changed \sans to \sf for LaTeX
809 \def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
810 {\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
811 {\hbox{$\sf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
812 {\hbox{$\sf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
814 \def\diameter{{\ifmmode\oslash\else$\oslash$\fi}}
817 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
819 % petit (substitute for petit.tex)
821 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
824 \newenvironment{petit}{\vskip6pt\begingroup\small}{\endgroup\vskip6pt}
827 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
831 % lemma, proposition, theorem, corollary (\bf,\it) (numbered)
832 % exercise, problem, solution, definition (\bf,\rm)
833 % 27.3.91 binding: example, note and question changed to (\bf, \rm)
835 % lemma*, proposition*, theorem*, corollary* (\bf,\it) (unnumbered)
836 % exercise*, problem*, solution*, definition* (\bf,\rm)
837 % example*, note*, question* (\it,\rm)
839 % remark, proof (\it,\rm) (unnumbered)
841 % usage: \begin{lemma} or \begin{lemma}[COMMENT]
843 % \end{lemma} \end{lemma}
846 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
848 % currently one counter is used for all theorem like environments
850 \newcounter{lemmacount}[chapter]
851 \renewcommand{\thelemmacount}{\thechapter.\arabic{lemmacount}}
855 % short form for defininng new theorem like environments:
856 % \newthe{NAME}{NAME*}{TITLE}{COUNTER}{FONT1}{FONT2}
858 \def\@@begthe#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@optbegthe#1}{\@begthe#1}}
859 %27.3.91 binding: dot deleted
860 %def\@begthe#1{. #1} old
862 \def\@optbegthe#1[#2]{ {#2} #1}
863 \newcommand{\newthe}[6]{
864 \def\nlni{\par\ifvmode\removelastskip\fi\vskip\baselineskip\noindent}
865 \def\xxxend{\endgroup\vskip\baselineskip}
866 \newenvironment{#1}{\nlni\begingroup\refstepcounter{#4}#5#3
867 %changed 91/10/7 fuh:\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{#4}\@@begthe{#6}}{\xxxend}
868 \thechapter.\arabic{#4}\@@begthe{#6}}{\xxxend}
869 \newenvironment{#2}{\nlni\begingroup#5#3\@@begthe{#6}}{\xxxend}}
872 % Lemma, Proposition, Theorem, Corollary (\bf,\it)
874 \newthe{lemma}{lemma*}{Lemma}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
875 \newthe{proposition}{proposition*}{Proposition}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
876 \newthe{theorem}{theorem*}{Theorem}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
877 \newthe{corollary}{corollary*}{Corollary}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
880 % Exercise, Problem, Solution, Definition (\bf,\rm)
882 \newthe{exercise}{exercise*}{exercise}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
883 \newthe{problem}{problem*}{Problem}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
884 \newthe{solution}{solution*}{Solution}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
885 \newthe{definition}{definition*}{Definition}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\it}
888 % Example, Note, Question (\bf,\rm)
890 \newthe{example}{example*}{Example}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\rm}
891 \newthe{note}{note*}{Note}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\rm}
892 \newthe{question}{question*}{Question}{lemmacount}{\bf}{\rm}
897 \newenvironment{remark}{\nlni\begingroup\it Remark. \rm}{
898 \endgroup\vskip\baselineskip}
899 \newenvironment{proof}{\nlni\begingroup\it Proof. \rm}{
900 \endgroup\vskip\baselineskip}
904 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
908 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
910 \def\qed{\ifmmode\sq\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
911 \penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\sq
912 \parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}
915 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
917 % \eqnarticle simple equation numbers without chapter number
918 % \eqnbook structured equation numbers (default)
919 % changed by binding 5.2.91: changed to \numberlikearticle and
920 % \numberlikebook, changing numbering of
921 % figures and tables also.
922 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
924 \def\numberlikearticle{\global\def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
925 \global\def\thetable{\arabic{table}}
926 \global\def\thefigure{\arabic{figure}}}
927 \def\numberlikebook{\global\def\theequation{\thechapter.\arabic{equation}}
928 \global\def\thetable{\thechapter.\arabic{table}}
929 \global\def\thefigure{\thechapter.\arabic{figure}}}
932 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
934 % Redeclaration of \makeatletter; no @-expressions may be used from now on
936 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
943 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
945 % End of MATHSING.STY
947 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%