(*  Author:     Tobias Nipkow, Lawrence C Paulson and Markus Wenzel; Florian Haftmann, TU Muenchen *)

 header {* Complete lattices, with special focus on sets *}

 theory Complete_Lattice

 imports Set

 begin

 notation

   less_eq (infix "\<sqsubseteq>" 50) and

   less (infix "\<sqsubset>" 50) and

   inf (infixl "\<sqinter>" 70) and

   sup (infixl "\<squnion>" 65) and

   top ("\<top>") and

   bot ("\<bottom>")

 subsection {* Syntactic infimum and supremum operations *}

 class Inf =

   fixes Inf :: "'a set \<Rightarrow> 'a" ("\<Sqinter>_" [900] 900)

 class Sup =

   fixes Sup :: "'a set \<Rightarrow> 'a" ("\<Squnion>_" [900] 900)

 subsection {* Abstract complete lattices *}

 class complete_lattice = bounded_lattice + Inf + Sup +

   assumes Inf_lower: "x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> \<Sqinter>A \<sqsubseteq> x"

      and Inf_greatest: "(\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> z \<sqsubseteq> x) \<Longrightarrow> z \<sqsubseteq> \<Sqinter>A"

   assumes Sup_upper: "x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> x \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>A"

      and Sup_least: "(\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> x \<sqsubseteq> z) \<Longrightarrow> \<Squnion>A \<sqsubseteq> z"

 begin

 lemma dual_complete_lattice:

   "class.complete_lattice Sup Inf (op \<ge>) (op >) sup inf \<top> \<bottom>"

   by (auto intro!: class.complete_lattice.intro dual_bounded_lattice)

     (unfold_locales, (fact bot_least top_greatest

         Sup_upper Sup_least Inf_lower Inf_greatest)+)

 lemma Inf_Sup: "\<Sqinter>A = \<Squnion>{b. \<forall>a \<in> A. b \<sqsubseteq> a}"

   by (auto intro: antisym Inf_lower Inf_greatest Sup_upper Sup_least)

 lemma Sup_Inf:  "\<Squnion>A = \<Sqinter>{b. \<forall>a \<in> A. a \<sqsubseteq> b}"

   by (auto intro: antisym Inf_lower Inf_greatest Sup_upper Sup_least)

 lemma Inf_empty [simp]:

   "\<Sqinter>{} = \<top>"

   by (auto intro: antisym Inf_greatest)

 lemma Sup_empty [simp]:

   "\<Squnion>{} = \<bottom>"

   by (auto intro: antisym Sup_least)

 lemma Inf_UNIV [simp]:

   "\<Sqinter>UNIV = \<bottom>"

   by (simp add: Sup_Inf Sup_empty [symmetric])

 lemma Sup_UNIV [simp]:

   "\<Squnion>UNIV = \<top>"

   by (simp add: Inf_Sup Inf_empty [symmetric])

 lemma Inf_insert: "\<Sqinter>insert a A = a \<sqinter> \<Sqinter>A"

   by (auto intro: le_infI le_infI1 le_infI2 antisym Inf_greatest Inf_lower)

 lemma Sup_insert: "\<Squnion>insert a A = a \<squnion> \<Squnion>A"

   by (auto intro: le_supI le_supI1 le_supI2 antisym Sup_least Sup_upper)

 lemma Inf_singleton [simp]:

   "\<Sqinter>{a} = a"

   by (auto intro: antisym Inf_lower Inf_greatest)

 lemma Sup_singleton [simp]:

   "\<Squnion>{a} = a"

   by (auto intro: antisym Sup_upper Sup_least)

 lemma Inf_binary:

   "\<Sqinter>{a, b} = a \<sqinter> b"

   by (simp add: Inf_insert)

 lemma Sup_binary:

   "\<Squnion>{a, b} = a \<squnion> b"

   by (simp add: Sup_insert)

 lemma le_Inf_iff: "b \<sqsubseteq> \<Sqinter>A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>a\<in>A. b \<sqsubseteq> a)"

   by (auto intro: Inf_greatest dest: Inf_lower)

 lemma Sup_le_iff: "\<Squnion>A \<sqsubseteq> b \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>a\<in>A. a \<sqsubseteq> b)"

   by (auto intro: Sup_least dest: Sup_upper)

 lemma Inf_superset_mono: "B \<subseteq> A \<Longrightarrow> \<Sqinter>A \<sqsubseteq> \<Sqinter>B"

   by (auto intro: Inf_greatest Inf_lower)

 lemma Sup_subset_mono: "A \<subseteq> B \<Longrightarrow> \<Squnion>A \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>B"

   by (auto intro: Sup_least Sup_upper)

 lemma Inf_mono:

   assumes "\<And>b. b \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>a\<in>A. a \<sqsubseteq> b"

   shows "\<Sqinter>A \<sqsubseteq> \<Sqinter>B"

 proof (rule Inf_greatest)

   fix b assume "b \<in> B"

   with assms obtain a where "a \<in> A" and "a \<sqsubseteq> b" by blast

   from `a \<in> A` have "\<Sqinter>A \<sqsubseteq> a" by (rule Inf_lower)

   with `a \<sqsubseteq> b` show "\<Sqinter>A \<sqsubseteq> b" by auto

 qed

 lemma Sup_mono:

   assumes "\<And>a. a \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>b\<in>B. a \<sqsubseteq> b"

   shows "\<Squnion>A \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>B"

 proof (rule Sup_least)

   fix a assume "a \<in> A"

   with assms obtain b where "b \<in> B" and "a \<sqsubseteq> b" by blast

   from `b \<in> B` have "b \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>B" by (rule Sup_upper)

   with `a \<sqsubseteq> b` show "a \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>B" by auto

 qed

 lemma Sup_upper2: "u \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> v \<sqsubseteq> u \<Longrightarrow> v \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>A"

   using Sup_upper [of u A] by auto

 lemma Inf_lower2: "u \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> u \<sqsubseteq> v \<Longrightarrow> \<Sqinter>A \<sqsubseteq> v"

   using Inf_lower [of u A] by auto

 lemma Inf_less_eq:

   assumes "\<And>v. v \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> v \<sqsubseteq> u"

     and "A \<noteq> {}"

   shows "\<Sqinter>A \<sqsubseteq> u"

 proof -

   from `A \<noteq> {}` obtain v where "v \<in> A" by blast

   moreover with assms have "v \<sqsubseteq> u" by blast

   ultimately show ?thesis by (rule Inf_lower2)

 qed

 lemma less_eq_Sup:

   assumes "\<And>v. v \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> u \<sqsubseteq> v"

     and "A \<noteq> {}"

   shows "u \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>A"

 proof -

   from `A \<noteq> {}` obtain v where "v \<in> A" by blast

   moreover with assms have "u \<sqsubseteq> v" by blast

   ultimately show ?thesis by (rule Sup_upper2)

 qed

 lemma less_eq_Inf_inter: "\<Sqinter>A \<squnion> \<Sqinter>B \<sqsubseteq> \<Sqinter>(A \<inter> B)"

   by (auto intro: Inf_greatest Inf_lower)

 lemma Sup_inter_less_eq: "\<Squnion>(A \<inter> B) \<sqsubseteq> \<Squnion>A \<sqinter> \<Squnion>B "

   by (auto intro: Sup_least Sup_upper)

 lemma Inf_union_distrib: "\<Sqinter>(A \<union> B) = \<Sqinter>A \<sqinter> \<Sqinter>B"

   by (rule antisym) (auto intro: Inf_greatest Inf_lower le_infI1 le_infI2)

 lemma Sup_union_distrib: "\<Squnion>(A \<union> B) = \<Squnion>A \<squnion> \<Squnion>B"

   by (rule antisym) (auto intro: Sup_least Sup_upper le_supI1 le_supI2)

 lemma Inf_top_conv [no_atp]:

   "\<Sqinter>A = \<top> \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<top>)"

   "\<top> = \<Sqinter>A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<top>)"

 proof -

   show "\<Sqinter>A = \<top> \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<top>)"

   proof

     assume "\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<top>"

     then have "A = {} \<or> A = {\<top>}" by auto

     then show "\<Sqinter>A = \<top>" by auto

   next

     assume "\<Sqinter>A = \<top>"

     show "\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<top>"

     proof (rule ccontr)

       assume "\<not> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<top>)"

       then obtain x where "x \<in> A" and "x \<noteq> \<top>" by blast

       then obtain B where "A = insert x B" by blast

       with `\<Sqinter>A = \<top>` `x \<noteq> \<top>` show False by (simp add: Inf_insert)

     qed

   qed

   then show "\<top> = \<Sqinter>A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<top>)" by auto

 qed

 lemma Sup_bot_conv [no_atp]:

   "\<Squnion>A = \<bottom> \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<bottom>)" (is ?P)

   "\<bottom> = \<Squnion>A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = \<bottom>)" (is ?Q)

 proof -

   interpret dual: complete_lattice Sup Inf "op \<ge>" "op >" sup inf \<top> \<bottom>

     by (fact dual_complete_lattice)

   from dual.Inf_top_conv show ?P and ?Q by simp_all

 qed

 definition INFI :: "'b set \<Rightarrow> ('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'a" where

   INF_def: "INFI A f = \<Sqinter> (f ` A)"

 definition SUPR :: "'b set \<Rightarrow> ('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'a" where

   SUP_def: "SUPR A f = \<Squnion> (f ` A)"

 text {*

   Note: must use names @{const INFI} and @{const SUPR} here instead of

   @{text INF} and @{text SUP} to allow the following syntax coexist

   with the plain constant names.

 *}

 end

 syntax

   "_INF1"     :: "pttrns \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"           ("(3INF _./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_INF"      :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"  ("(3INF _:_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

   "_SUP1"     :: "pttrns \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"           ("(3SUP _./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_SUP"      :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"  ("(3SUP _:_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 syntax (xsymbols)

   "_INF1"     :: "pttrns \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"           ("(3\<Sqinter>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_INF"      :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"  ("(3\<Sqinter>_\<in>_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

   "_SUP1"     :: "pttrns \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"           ("(3\<Squnion>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_SUP"      :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"  ("(3\<Squnion>_\<in>_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 translations

   "INF x y. B"   == "INF x. INF y. B"

   "INF x. B"     == "CONST INFI CONST UNIV (%x. B)"

   "INF x. B"     == "INF x:CONST UNIV. B"

   "INF x:A. B"   == "CONST INFI A (%x. B)"

   "SUP x y. B"   == "SUP x. SUP y. B"

   "SUP x. B"     == "CONST SUPR CONST UNIV (%x. B)"

   "SUP x. B"     == "SUP x:CONST UNIV. B"

   "SUP x:A. B"   == "CONST SUPR A (%x. B)"

 print_translation {*

   [Syntax_Trans.preserve_binder_abs2_tr' @{const_syntax INFI} @{syntax_const "_INF"},

     Syntax_Trans.preserve_binder_abs2_tr' @{const_syntax SUPR} @{syntax_const "_SUP"}]

 *} -- {* to avoid eta-contraction of body *}

 context complete_lattice

 begin

 lemma INF_empty: "(\<Sqinter>x\<in>{}. f x) = \<top>"

   by (simp add: INF_def)

 lemma SUP_empty: "(\<Squnion>x\<in>{}. f x) = \<bottom>"

   by (simp add: SUP_def)

 lemma INF_insert: "(\<Sqinter>x\<in>insert a A. f x) = f a \<sqinter> INFI A f"

   by (simp add: INF_def Inf_insert)

 lemma SUP_insert: "(\<Squnion>x\<in>insert a A. f x) = f a \<squnion> SUPR A f"

   by (simp add: SUP_def Sup_insert)

 lemma INF_leI: "i \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> (\<Sqinter>i\<in>A. f i) \<sqsubseteq> f i"

   by (auto simp add: INF_def intro: Inf_lower)

 lemma le_SUP_I: "i \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f i \<sqsubseteq> (\<Squnion>i\<in>A. f i)"

   by (auto simp add: SUP_def intro: Sup_upper)

 lemma INF_leI2: "i \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f i \<sqsubseteq> u \<Longrightarrow> (\<Sqinter>i\<in>A. f i) \<sqsubseteq> u"

   using INF_leI [of i A f] by auto

 lemma le_SUP_I2: "i \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> u \<sqsubseteq> f i \<Longrightarrow> u \<sqsubseteq> (\<Squnion>i\<in>A. f i)"

   using le_SUP_I [of i A f] by auto

 lemma le_INF_I: "(\<And>i. i \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> u \<sqsubseteq> f i) \<Longrightarrow> u \<sqsubseteq> (\<Sqinter>i\<in>A. f i)"

   by (auto simp add: INF_def intro: Inf_greatest)

 lemma SUP_leI: "(\<And>i. i \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f i \<sqsubseteq> u) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Squnion>i\<in>A. f i) \<sqsubseteq> u"

   by (auto simp add: SUP_def intro: Sup_least)

 lemma le_INF_iff: "u \<sqsubseteq> (\<Sqinter>i\<in>A. f i) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>i \<in> A. u \<sqsubseteq> f i)"

   by (auto simp add: INF_def le_Inf_iff)

 lemma SUP_le_iff: "(\<Squnion>i\<in>A. f i) \<sqsubseteq> u \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>i \<in> A. f i \<sqsubseteq> u)"

   by (auto simp add: SUP_def Sup_le_iff)

 lemma INF_const [simp]: "A \<noteq> {} \<Longrightarrow> (\<Sqinter>i\<in>A. f) = f"

   by (auto intro: antisym INF_leI le_INF_I)

 lemma SUP_const [simp]: "A \<noteq> {} \<Longrightarrow> (\<Squnion>i\<in>A. f) = f"

   by (auto intro: antisym SUP_leI le_SUP_I)

 lemma INF_top: "(\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. \<top>) = \<top>"

   by (cases "A = {}") (simp_all add: INF_empty)

 lemma SUP_bot: "(\<Squnion>x\<in>A. \<bottom>) = \<bottom>"

   by (cases "A = {}") (simp_all add: SUP_empty)

 lemma INF_cong:

   "A = B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> C x = D x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. C x) = (\<Sqinter>x\<in>B. D x)"

   by (simp add: INF_def image_def)

 lemma SUP_cong:

   "A = B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> C x = D x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Squnion>x\<in>A. C x) = (\<Squnion>x\<in>B. D x)"

   by (simp add: SUP_def image_def)

 lemma INF_mono:

   "(\<And>m. m \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>n\<in>A. f n \<sqsubseteq> g m) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Sqinter>n\<in>A. f n) \<sqsubseteq> (\<Sqinter>n\<in>B. g n)"

   by (force intro!: Inf_mono simp: INF_def)

 lemma SUP_mono:

   "(\<And>n. n \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>m\<in>B. f n \<sqsubseteq> g m) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Squnion>n\<in>A. f n) \<sqsubseteq> (\<Squnion>n\<in>B. g n)"

   by (force intro!: Sup_mono simp: SUP_def)

 lemma INF_superset_mono:

   "B \<subseteq> A \<Longrightarrow> INFI A f \<sqsubseteq> INFI B f"

   by (rule INF_mono) auto

 lemma SUP_subset_mono:

   "A \<subseteq> B \<Longrightarrow> SUPR A f \<sqsubseteq> SUPR B f"

   by (rule SUP_mono) auto

 lemma INF_commute: "(\<Sqinter>i\<in>A. \<Sqinter>j\<in>B. f i j) = (\<Sqinter>j\<in>B. \<Sqinter>i\<in>A. f i j)"

   by (iprover intro: INF_leI le_INF_I order_trans antisym)

 lemma SUP_commute: "(\<Squnion>i\<in>A. \<Squnion>j\<in>B. f i j) = (\<Squnion>j\<in>B. \<Squnion>i\<in>A. f i j)"

   by (iprover intro: SUP_leI le_SUP_I order_trans antisym)

 lemma INF_absorb:

   assumes "k \<in> I"

   shows "A k \<sqinter> (\<Sqinter>i\<in>I. A i) = (\<Sqinter>i\<in>I. A i)"

 proof -

   from assms obtain J where "I = insert k J" by blast

   then show ?thesis by (simp add: INF_insert)

 qed

 lemma SUP_absorb:

   assumes "k \<in> I"

   shows "A k \<squnion> (\<Squnion>i\<in>I. A i) = (\<Squnion>i\<in>I. A i)"

 proof -

   from assms obtain J where "I = insert k J" by blast

   then show ?thesis by (simp add: SUP_insert)

 qed

 lemma INF_union:

   "(\<Sqinter>i \<in> A \<union> B. M i) = (\<Sqinter>i \<in> A. M i) \<sqinter> (\<Sqinter>i\<in>B. M i)"

   by (auto intro!: antisym INF_mono intro: le_infI1 le_infI2 le_INF_I INF_leI)

 lemma SUP_union:

   "(\<Squnion>i \<in> A \<union> B. M i) = (\<Squnion>i \<in> A. M i) \<squnion> (\<Squnion>i\<in>B. M i)"

   by (auto intro!: antisym SUP_mono intro: le_supI1 le_supI2 SUP_leI le_SUP_I)

 lemma INF_constant:

   "(\<Sqinter>y\<in>A. c) = (if A = {} then \<top> else c)"

   by (simp add: INF_empty)

 lemma SUP_constant:

   "(\<Squnion>y\<in>A. c) = (if A = {} then \<bottom> else c)"

   by (simp add: SUP_empty)

 lemma INF_eq:

   "(\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. B x) = \<Sqinter>({Y. \<exists>x\<in>A. Y = B x})"

   by (simp add: INF_def image_def)

 lemma SUP_eq:

   "(\<Squnion>x\<in>A. B x) = \<Squnion>({Y. \<exists>x\<in>A. Y = B x})"

   by (simp add: SUP_def image_def)

 lemma INF_top_conv:

  "\<top> = (\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. B x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = \<top>)"

  "(\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. B x) = \<top> \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = \<top>)"

   by (auto simp add: INF_def Inf_top_conv)

 lemma SUP_bot_conv:

  "\<bottom> = (\<Squnion>x\<in>A. B x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = \<bottom>)"

  "(\<Squnion>x\<in>A. B x) = \<bottom> \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = \<bottom>)"

   by (auto simp add: SUP_def Sup_bot_conv)

 lemma INF_UNIV_range:

   "(\<Sqinter>x. f x) = \<Sqinter>range f"

   by (fact INF_def)

 lemma SUP_UNIV_range:

   "(\<Squnion>x. f x) = \<Squnion>range f"

   by (fact SUP_def)

 lemma INF_UNIV_bool_expand:

   "(\<Sqinter>b. A b) = A True \<sqinter> A False"

   by (simp add: UNIV_bool INF_empty INF_insert inf_commute)

 lemma SUP_UNIV_bool_expand:

   "(\<Squnion>b. A b) = A True \<squnion> A False"

   by (simp add: UNIV_bool SUP_empty SUP_insert sup_commute)

 lemma INF_mono':

   "B \<subseteq> A \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> f x \<sqsubseteq> g x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. f x) \<sqsubseteq> (\<Sqinter>x\<in>B. g x)"

   -- {* The last inclusion is POSITIVE! *}

   by (rule INF_mono) auto

 lemma SUP_mono':

   "A \<subseteq> B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f x \<sqsubseteq> g x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Squnion>x\<in>A. f x) \<sqsubseteq> (\<Squnion>x\<in>B. g x)"

   -- {* The last inclusion is POSITIVE! *}

   by (blast intro: SUP_mono dest: subsetD)

 end

 lemma Inf_less_iff:

   fixes a :: "'a\<Colon>{complete_lattice,linorder}"

   shows "\<Sqinter>S \<sqsubset> a \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>S. x \<sqsubset> a)"

   unfolding not_le [symmetric] le_Inf_iff by auto

 lemma less_Sup_iff:

   fixes a :: "'a\<Colon>{complete_lattice,linorder}"

   shows "a \<sqsubset> \<Squnion>S \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>S. a \<sqsubset> x)"

   unfolding not_le [symmetric] Sup_le_iff by auto

 lemma INF_less_iff:

   fixes a :: "'a::{complete_lattice,linorder}"

   shows "(\<Sqinter>i\<in>A. f i) \<sqsubset> a \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>A. f x \<sqsubset> a)"

   unfolding INF_def Inf_less_iff by auto

 lemma less_SUP_iff:

   fixes a :: "'a::{complete_lattice,linorder}"

   shows "a \<sqsubset> (\<Squnion>i\<in>A. f i) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>A. a \<sqsubset> f x)"

   unfolding SUP_def less_Sup_iff by auto

 class complete_boolean_algebra = boolean_algebra + complete_lattice

 begin

 lemma uminus_Inf:

   "- (\<Sqinter>A) = \<Squnion>(uminus ` A)"

 proof (rule antisym)

   show "- \<Sqinter>A \<le> \<Squnion>(uminus ` A)"

     by (rule compl_le_swap2, rule Inf_greatest, rule compl_le_swap2, rule Sup_upper) simp

   show "\<Squnion>(uminus ` A) \<le> - \<Sqinter>A"

     by (rule Sup_least, rule compl_le_swap1, rule Inf_lower) auto

 qed

 lemma uminus_Sup:

   "- (\<Squnion>A) = \<Sqinter>(uminus ` A)"

 proof -

   have "\<Squnion>A = - \<Sqinter>(uminus ` A)" by (simp add: image_image uminus_Inf)

   then show ?thesis by simp

 qed

 lemma uminus_INF: "- (\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. B x) = (\<Squnion>x\<in>A. - B x)"

   by (simp add: INF_def SUP_def uminus_Inf image_image)

 lemma uminus_SUP: "- (\<Squnion>x\<in>A. B x) = (\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. - B x)"

   by (simp add: INF_def SUP_def uminus_Sup image_image)

 end

 subsection {* @{typ bool} and @{typ "_ \<Rightarrow> _"} as complete lattice *}

 instantiation bool :: complete_boolean_algebra

 begin

 definition

   "\<Sqinter>A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x)"

 definition

   "\<Squnion>A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>A. x)"

 instance proof

 qed (auto simp add: Inf_bool_def Sup_bool_def)

 end

 lemma INF_bool_eq [simp]:

   "INFI = Ball"

 proof (rule ext)+

   fix A :: "'a set"

   fix P :: "'a \<Rightarrow> bool"

   show "(\<Sqinter>x\<in>A. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. P x)"

     by (auto simp add: Ball_def INF_def Inf_bool_def)

 qed

 lemma SUP_bool_eq [simp]:

   "SUPR = Bex"

 proof (rule ext)+

   fix A :: "'a set"

   fix P :: "'a \<Rightarrow> bool"

   show "(\<Squnion>x\<in>A. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>A. P x)"

     by (auto simp add: Bex_def SUP_def Sup_bool_def)

 qed

 instantiation "fun" :: (type, complete_lattice) complete_lattice

 begin

 definition

   "\<Sqinter>A = (\<lambda>x. \<Sqinter>{y. \<exists>f\<in>A. y = f x})"

 lemma Inf_apply:

   "(\<Sqinter>A) x = \<Sqinter>{y. \<exists>f\<in>A. y = f x}"

   by (simp add: Inf_fun_def)

 definition

   "\<Squnion>A = (\<lambda>x. \<Squnion>{y. \<exists>f\<in>A. y = f x})"

 lemma Sup_apply:

   "(\<Squnion>A) x = \<Squnion>{y. \<exists>f\<in>A. y = f x}"

   by (simp add: Sup_fun_def)

 instance proof

 qed (auto simp add: le_fun_def Inf_apply Sup_apply

   intro: Inf_lower Sup_upper Inf_greatest Sup_least)

 end

 lemma INF_apply:

   "(\<Sqinter>y\<in>A. f y) x = (\<Sqinter>y\<in>A. f y x)"

   by (auto intro: arg_cong [of _ _ Inf] simp add: INF_def Inf_apply)

 lemma SUP_apply:

   "(\<Squnion>y\<in>A. f y) x = (\<Squnion>y\<in>A. f y x)"

   by (auto intro: arg_cong [of _ _ Sup] simp add: SUP_def Sup_apply)

 instance "fun" :: (type, complete_boolean_algebra) complete_boolean_algebra ..

 subsection {* Inter *}

 abbreviation Inter :: "'a set set \<Rightarrow> 'a set" where

   "Inter S \<equiv> \<Sqinter>S"

 notation (xsymbols)

   Inter  ("\<Inter>_" [90] 90)

 lemma Inter_eq:

   "\<Inter>A = {x. \<forall>B \<in> A. x \<in> B}"

 proof (rule set_eqI)

   fix x

   have "(\<forall>Q\<in>{P. \<exists>B\<in>A. P \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in> B}. Q) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>B\<in>A. x \<in> B)"

     by auto

   then show "x \<in> \<Inter>A \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in> {x. \<forall>B \<in> A. x \<in> B}"

     by (simp add: Inf_fun_def Inf_bool_def) (simp add: mem_def)

 qed

 lemma Inter_iff [simp,no_atp]: "A \<in> \<Inter>C \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>X\<in>C. A \<in> X)"

   by (unfold Inter_eq) blast

 lemma InterI [intro!]: "(\<And>X. X \<in> C \<Longrightarrow> A \<in> X) \<Longrightarrow> A \<in> \<Inter>C"

   by (simp add: Inter_eq)

 text {*

   \medskip A ``destruct'' rule -- every @{term X} in @{term C}

   contains @{term A} as an element, but @{prop "A \<in> X"} can hold when

   @{prop "X \<in> C"} does not!  This rule is analogous to @{text spec}.

 *}

 lemma InterD [elim, Pure.elim]: "A \<in> \<Inter>C \<Longrightarrow> X \<in> C \<Longrightarrow> A \<in> X"

   by auto

 lemma InterE [elim]: "A \<in> \<Inter>C \<Longrightarrow> (X \<notin> C \<Longrightarrow> R) \<Longrightarrow> (A \<in> X \<Longrightarrow> R) \<Longrightarrow> R"

   -- {* ``Classical'' elimination rule -- does not require proving

     @{prop "X \<in> C"}. *}

   by (unfold Inter_eq) blast

 lemma Inter_lower: "B \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> \<Inter>A \<subseteq> B"

   by (fact Inf_lower)

 lemma Inter_subset:

   "(\<And>X. X \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> X \<subseteq> B) \<Longrightarrow> A \<noteq> {} \<Longrightarrow> \<Inter>A \<subseteq> B"

   by (fact Inf_less_eq)

 lemma Inter_greatest: "(\<And>X. X \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> C \<subseteq> X) \<Longrightarrow> C \<subseteq> Inter A"

   by (fact Inf_greatest)

 lemma Int_eq_Inter: "A \<inter> B = \<Inter>{A, B}"

   by (fact Inf_binary [symmetric])

 lemma Inter_empty [simp]: "\<Inter>{} = UNIV"

   by (fact Inf_empty)

 lemma Inter_UNIV [simp]: "\<Inter>UNIV = {}"

   by (fact Inf_UNIV)

 lemma Inter_insert [simp]: "\<Inter>(insert a B) = a \<inter> \<Inter>B"

   by (fact Inf_insert)

 lemma Inter_Un_subset: "\<Inter>A \<union> \<Inter>B \<subseteq> \<Inter>(A \<inter> B)"

   by (fact less_eq_Inf_inter)

 lemma Inter_Un_distrib: "\<Inter>(A \<union> B) = \<Inter>A \<inter> \<Inter>B"

   by (fact Inf_union_distrib)

 lemma Inter_UNIV_conv [simp, no_atp]:

   "\<Inter>A = UNIV \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = UNIV)"

   "UNIV = \<Inter>A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = UNIV)"

   by (fact Inf_top_conv)+

 lemma Inter_anti_mono: "B \<subseteq> A \<Longrightarrow> \<Inter>A \<subseteq> \<Inter>B"

   by (fact Inf_superset_mono)

 subsection {* Intersections of families *}

 abbreviation INTER :: "'a set \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> 'b set) \<Rightarrow> 'b set" where

   "INTER \<equiv> INFI"

 text {*

   Note: must use name @{const INTER} here instead of @{text INT}

   to allow the following syntax coexist with the plain constant name.

 *}

 syntax

   "_INTER1"     :: "pttrns => 'b set => 'b set"           ("(3INT _./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_INTER"      :: "pttrn => 'a set => 'b set => 'b set"  ("(3INT _:_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 syntax (xsymbols)

   "_INTER1"     :: "pttrns => 'b set => 'b set"           ("(3\<Inter>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_INTER"      :: "pttrn => 'a set => 'b set => 'b set"  ("(3\<Inter>_\<in>_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 syntax (latex output)

   "_INTER1"     :: "pttrns => 'b set => 'b set"           ("(3\<Inter>(00\<^bsub>_\<^esub>)/ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_INTER"      :: "pttrn => 'a set => 'b set => 'b set"  ("(3\<Inter>(00\<^bsub>_\<in>_\<^esub>)/ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 translations

   "INT x y. B"  == "INT x. INT y. B"

   "INT x. B"    == "CONST INTER CONST UNIV (%x. B)"

   "INT x. B"    == "INT x:CONST UNIV. B"

   "INT x:A. B"  == "CONST INTER A (%x. B)"

 print_translation {*

   [Syntax_Trans.preserve_binder_abs2_tr' @{const_syntax INTER} @{syntax_const "_INTER"}]

 *} -- {* to avoid eta-contraction of body *}

 lemma INTER_eq_Inter_image:

   "(\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) = \<Inter>(B`A)"

   by (fact INF_def)

 lemma Inter_def:

   "\<Inter>S = (\<Inter>x\<in>S. x)"

   by (simp add: INTER_eq_Inter_image image_def)

 lemma INTER_def:

   "(\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) = {y. \<forall>x\<in>A. y \<in> B x}"

   by (auto simp add: INTER_eq_Inter_image Inter_eq)

 lemma Inter_image_eq [simp]:

   "\<Inter>(B`A) = (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by (rule sym) (fact INF_def)

 lemma INT_iff [simp]: "b \<in> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. b \<in> B x)"

   by (unfold INTER_def) blast

 lemma INT_I [intro!]: "(\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> b \<in> B x) \<Longrightarrow> b \<in> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by (unfold INTER_def) blast

 lemma INT_D [elim, Pure.elim]: "b \<in> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) \<Longrightarrow> a \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> b \<in> B a"

   by auto

 lemma INT_E [elim]: "b \<in> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) \<Longrightarrow> (b \<in> B a \<Longrightarrow> R) \<Longrightarrow> (a \<notin> A \<Longrightarrow> R) \<Longrightarrow> R"

   -- {* "Classical" elimination -- by the Excluded Middle on @{prop "a\<in>A"}. *}

   by (unfold INTER_def) blast

 lemma INT_cong [cong]:

   "A = B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> C x = D x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. C x) = (\<Inter>x\<in>B. D x)"

   by (fact INF_cong)

 lemma Collect_ball_eq: "{x. \<forall>y\<in>A. P x y} = (\<Inter>y\<in>A. {x. P x y})"

   by blast

 lemma Collect_all_eq: "{x. \<forall>y. P x y} = (\<Inter>y. {x. P x y})"

   by blast

 lemma INT_lower: "a \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) \<subseteq> B a"

   by (fact INF_leI)

 lemma INT_greatest: "(\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> C \<subseteq> B x) \<Longrightarrow> C \<subseteq> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by (fact le_INF_I)

 lemma INT_empty [simp]: "(\<Inter>x\<in>{}. B x) = UNIV"

   by (fact INF_empty)

 lemma INT_absorb: "k \<in> I \<Longrightarrow> A k \<inter> (\<Inter>i\<in>I. A i) = (\<Inter>i\<in>I. A i)"

   by (fact INF_absorb)

 lemma INT_subset_iff: "B \<subseteq> (\<Inter>i\<in>I. A i) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>i\<in>I. B \<subseteq> A i)"

   by (fact le_INF_iff)

 lemma INT_insert [simp]: "(\<Inter>x \<in> insert a A. B x) = B a \<inter> INTER A B"

   by (fact INF_insert)

 lemma INT_Un: "(\<Inter>i \<in> A \<union> B. M i) = (\<Inter>i \<in> A. M i) \<inter> (\<Inter>i\<in>B. M i)"

   by (fact INF_union)

 lemma INT_insert_distrib:

   "u \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. insert a (B x)) = insert a (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by blast

 lemma INT_constant [simp]: "(\<Inter>y\<in>A. c) = (if A = {} then UNIV else c)"

   by (fact INF_constant)

 lemma INT_eq: "(\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) = \<Inter>({Y. \<exists>x\<in>A. Y = B x})"

   -- {* Look: it has an \emph{existential} quantifier *}

   by (fact INF_eq)

 lemma INTER_UNIV_conv [simp]:

  "(UNIV = (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x)) = (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = UNIV)"

  "((\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) = UNIV) = (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = UNIV)"

   by (fact INF_top_conv)+

 lemma INT_bool_eq: "(\<Inter>b. A b) = A True \<inter> A False"

   by (fact INF_UNIV_bool_expand)

 lemma INT_anti_mono:

   "A \<subseteq> B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f x \<subseteq> g x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Inter>x\<in>B. f x) \<subseteq> (\<Inter>x\<in>A. g x)"

   -- {* The last inclusion is POSITIVE! *}

   by (fact INF_mono')

 lemma Pow_INT_eq: "Pow (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) = (\<Inter>x\<in>A. Pow (B x))"

   by blast

 lemma vimage_INT: "f -` (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) = (\<Inter>x\<in>A. f -` B x)"

   by blast

 subsection {* Union *}

 abbreviation Union :: "'a set set \<Rightarrow> 'a set" where

   "Union S \<equiv> \<Squnion>S"

 notation (xsymbols)

   Union  ("\<Union>_" [90] 90)

 lemma Union_eq:

   "\<Union>A = {x. \<exists>B \<in> A. x \<in> B}"

 proof (rule set_eqI)

   fix x

   have "(\<exists>Q\<in>{P. \<exists>B\<in>A. P \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in> B}. Q) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>B\<in>A. x \<in> B)"

     by auto

   then show "x \<in> \<Union>A \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in> {x. \<exists>B\<in>A. x \<in> B}"

     by (simp add: Sup_fun_def Sup_bool_def) (simp add: mem_def)

 qed

 lemma Union_iff [simp, no_atp]:

   "A \<in> \<Union>C \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>X\<in>C. A\<in>X)"

   by (unfold Union_eq) blast

 lemma UnionI [intro]:

   "X \<in> C \<Longrightarrow> A \<in> X \<Longrightarrow> A \<in> \<Union>C"

   -- {* The order of the premises presupposes that @{term C} is rigid;

     @{term A} may be flexible. *}

   by auto

 lemma UnionE [elim!]:

   "A \<in> \<Union>C \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>X. A \<in> X \<Longrightarrow> X \<in> C \<Longrightarrow> R) \<Longrightarrow> R"

   by auto

 lemma Union_upper: "B \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> B \<subseteq> \<Union>A"

   by (iprover intro: subsetI UnionI)

 lemma Union_least: "(\<And>X. X \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> X \<subseteq> C) \<Longrightarrow> \<Union>A \<subseteq> C"

   by (iprover intro: subsetI elim: UnionE dest: subsetD)

 lemma Un_eq_Union: "A \<union> B = \<Union>{A, B}"

   by blast

 lemma Union_empty [simp]: "\<Union>{} = {}"

   by blast

 lemma Union_UNIV [simp]: "\<Union>UNIV = UNIV"

   by blast

 lemma Union_insert [simp]: "\<Union>insert a B = a \<union> \<Union>B"

   by blast

 lemma Union_Un_distrib [simp]: "\<Union>(A \<union> B) = \<Union>A \<union> \<Union>B"

   by blast

 lemma Union_Int_subset: "\<Union>(A \<inter> B) \<subseteq> \<Union>A \<inter> \<Union>B"

   by blast

 lemma Union_empty_conv [simp,no_atp]: "(\<Union>A = {}) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = {})"

   by blast

 lemma empty_Union_conv [simp,no_atp]: "({} = \<Union>A) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. x = {})"

   by blast

 lemma Union_disjoint: "(\<Union>C \<inter> A = {}) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>B\<in>C. B \<inter> A = {})"

   by blast

 lemma subset_Pow_Union: "A \<subseteq> Pow (\<Union>A)"

   by blast

 lemma Union_Pow_eq [simp]: "\<Union>(Pow A) = A"

   by blast

 lemma Union_mono: "A \<subseteq> B \<Longrightarrow> \<Union>A \<subseteq> \<Union>B"

   by blast

 subsection {* Unions of families *}

 abbreviation UNION :: "'a set \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> 'b set) \<Rightarrow> 'b set" where

   "UNION \<equiv> SUPR"

 text {*

   Note: must use name @{const UNION} here instead of @{text UN}

   to allow the following syntax coexist with the plain constant name.

 *}

 syntax

   "_UNION1"     :: "pttrns => 'b set => 'b set"           ("(3UN _./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_UNION"      :: "pttrn => 'a set => 'b set => 'b set"  ("(3UN _:_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 syntax (xsymbols)

   "_UNION1"     :: "pttrns => 'b set => 'b set"           ("(3\<Union>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_UNION"      :: "pttrn => 'a set => 'b set => 'b set"  ("(3\<Union>_\<in>_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 syntax (latex output)

   "_UNION1"     :: "pttrns => 'b set => 'b set"           ("(3\<Union>(00\<^bsub>_\<^esub>)/ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_UNION"      :: "pttrn => 'a set => 'b set => 'b set"  ("(3\<Union>(00\<^bsub>_\<in>_\<^esub>)/ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 translations

   "UN x y. B"   == "UN x. UN y. B"

   "UN x. B"     == "CONST UNION CONST UNIV (%x. B)"

   "UN x. B"     == "UN x:CONST UNIV. B"

   "UN x:A. B"   == "CONST UNION A (%x. B)"

 text {*

   Note the difference between ordinary xsymbol syntax of indexed

   unions and intersections (e.g.\ @{text"\<Union>a\<^isub>1\<in>A\<^isub>1. B"})

   and their \LaTeX\ rendition: @{term"\<Union>a\<^isub>1\<in>A\<^isub>1. B"}. The

   former does not make the index expression a subscript of the

   union/intersection symbol because this leads to problems with nested

   subscripts in Proof General.

 *}

 print_translation {*

   [Syntax_Trans.preserve_binder_abs2_tr' @{const_syntax UNION} @{syntax_const "_UNION"}]

 *} -- {* to avoid eta-contraction of body *}

 lemma UNION_eq_Union_image:

   "(\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) = \<Union>(B ` A)"

   by (fact SUP_def)

 lemma Union_def:

   "\<Union>S = (\<Union>x\<in>S. x)"

   by (simp add: UNION_eq_Union_image image_def)

 lemma UNION_def [no_atp]:

   "(\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) = {y. \<exists>x\<in>A. y \<in> B x}"

   by (auto simp add: UNION_eq_Union_image Union_eq)

 lemma Union_image_eq [simp]:

   "\<Union>(B ` A) = (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by (rule sym) (fact UNION_eq_Union_image)

 lemma UN_iff [simp]: "(b \<in> (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x)) = (\<exists>x\<in>A. b \<in> B x)"

   by (unfold UNION_def) blast

 lemma UN_I [intro]: "a \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> b \<in> B a \<Longrightarrow> b \<in> (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x)"

   -- {* The order of the premises presupposes that @{term A} is rigid;

     @{term b} may be flexible. *}

   by auto

 lemma UN_E [elim!]: "b \<in> (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x\<in>A \<Longrightarrow> b \<in> B x \<Longrightarrow> R) \<Longrightarrow> R"

   by (unfold UNION_def) blast

 lemma UN_cong [cong]:

   "A = B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> C x = D x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Union>x\<in>A. C x) = (\<Union>x\<in>B. D x)"

   by (fact SUP_cong)

 lemma strong_UN_cong:

   "A = B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> B =simp=> C x = D x) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Union>x\<in>A. C x) = (\<Union>x\<in>B. D x)"

   by (unfold simp_implies_def) (fact UN_cong)

 lemma image_eq_UN: "f ` A = (\<Union>x\<in>A. {f x})"

   by blast

 lemma UN_upper: "a \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> B a \<subseteq> (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by (fact le_SUP_I)

 lemma UN_least: "(\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> B x \<subseteq> C) \<Longrightarrow> (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) \<subseteq> C"

   by (fact SUP_leI)

 lemma Collect_bex_eq [no_atp]: "{x. \<exists>y\<in>A. P x y} = (\<Union>y\<in>A. {x. P x y})"

   by blast

 lemma UN_insert_distrib: "u \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> (\<Union>x\<in>A. insert a (B x)) = insert a (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by blast

 lemma UN_empty [simp, no_atp]: "(\<Union>x\<in>{}. B x) = {}"

   by (fact SUP_empty)

 lemma UN_empty2 [simp]: "(\<Union>x\<in>A. {}) = {}"

   by (fact SUP_bot)

 lemma UN_singleton [simp]: "(\<Union>x\<in>A. {x}) = A"

   by blast

 lemma UN_absorb: "k \<in> I \<Longrightarrow> A k \<union> (\<Union>i\<in>I. A i) = (\<Union>i\<in>I. A i)"

   by (fact SUP_absorb)

 lemma UN_insert [simp]: "(\<Union>x\<in>insert a A. B x) = B a \<union> UNION A B"

   by (fact SUP_insert)

 lemma UN_Un[simp]: "(\<Union>i \<in> A \<union> B. M i) = (\<Union>i\<in>A. M i) \<union> (\<Union>i\<in>B. M i)"

   by (fact SUP_union)

 lemma UN_UN_flatten: "(\<Union>x \<in> (\<Union>y\<in>A. B y). C x) = (\<Union>y\<in>A. \<Union>x\<in>B y. C x)" -- "FIXME generalize"

   by blast

 lemma UN_subset_iff: "((\<Union>i\<in>I. A i) \<subseteq> B) = (\<forall>i\<in>I. A i \<subseteq> B)"

   by (fact SUP_le_iff)

 lemma UN_constant [simp]: "(\<Union>y\<in>A. c) = (if A = {} then {} else c)"

   by (fact SUP_constant)

 lemma UN_eq: "(\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) = \<Union>({Y. \<exists>x\<in>A. Y = B x})"

   by (fact SUP_eq)

 lemma image_Union: "f ` \<Union>S = (\<Union>x\<in>S. f ` x)" -- "FIXME generalize"

   by blast

 lemma UNION_empty_conv[simp]:

   "{} = (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = {})"

   "(\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) = {} \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. B x = {})"

   by (fact SUP_bot_conv)+

 lemma Collect_ex_eq [no_atp]: "{x. \<exists>y. P x y} = (\<Union>y. {x. P x y})"

   by blast

 lemma ball_UN: "(\<forall>z \<in> UNION A B. P z) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. \<forall>z \<in> B x. P z)"

   by blast

 lemma bex_UN: "(\<exists>z \<in> UNION A B. P z) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>A. \<exists>z\<in>B x. P z)"

   by blast

 lemma Un_eq_UN: "A \<union> B = (\<Union>b. if b then A else B)"

   by (auto simp add: split_if_mem2)

 lemma UN_bool_eq: "(\<Union>b. A b) = (A True \<union> A False)"

   by (fact SUP_UNIV_bool_expand)

 lemma UN_Pow_subset: "(\<Union>x\<in>A. Pow (B x)) \<subseteq> Pow (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x)"

   by blast

 lemma UN_mono:

   "A \<subseteq> B \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f x \<subseteq> g x) \<Longrightarrow>

     (\<Union>x\<in>A. f x) \<subseteq> (\<Union>x\<in>B. g x)"

   by (fact SUP_mono')

 lemma vimage_Union: "f -` (\<Union>A) = (\<Union>X\<in>A. f -` X)"

   by blast

 lemma vimage_UN: "f -` (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) = (\<Union>x\<in>A. f -` B x)"

   by blast

 lemma vimage_eq_UN: "f -` B = (\<Union>y\<in>B. f -` {y})"

   -- {* NOT suitable for rewriting *}

   by blast

 lemma image_UN: "f ` UNION A B = (\<Union>x\<in>A. f ` B x)"

   by blast

 subsection {* Distributive laws *}

 lemma Int_Union: "A \<inter> \<Union>B = (\<Union>C\<in>B. A \<inter> C)"

   by blast

 lemma Int_Union2: "\<Union>B \<inter> A = (\<Union>C\<in>B. C \<inter> A)"

   by blast

 lemma Un_Union_image: "(\<Union>x\<in>C. A x \<union> B x) = \<Union>(A ` C) \<union> \<Union>(B ` C)"

   -- {* Devlin, Fundamentals of Contemporary Set Theory, page 12, exercise 5: *}

   -- {* Union of a family of unions *}

   by blast

 lemma UN_Un_distrib: "(\<Union>i\<in>I. A i \<union> B i) = (\<Union>i\<in>I. A i) \<union> (\<Union>i\<in>I. B i)"

   -- {* Equivalent version *}

   by blast

 lemma Un_Inter: "A \<union> \<Inter>B = (\<Inter>C\<in>B. A \<union> C)"

   by blast

 lemma Int_Inter_image: "(\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x \<inter> B x) = \<Inter>(A ` C) \<inter> \<Inter>(B ` C)"

   by blast

 lemma INT_Int_distrib: "(\<Inter>i\<in>I. A i \<inter> B i) = (\<Inter>i\<in>I. A i) \<inter> (\<Inter>i\<in>I. B i)"

   -- {* Equivalent version *}

   by blast

 lemma Int_UN_distrib: "B \<inter> (\<Union>i\<in>I. A i) = (\<Union>i\<in>I. B \<inter> A i)"

   -- {* Halmos, Naive Set Theory, page 35. *}

   by blast

 lemma Un_INT_distrib: "B \<union> (\<Inter>i\<in>I. A i) = (\<Inter>i\<in>I. B \<union> A i)"

   by blast

 lemma Int_UN_distrib2: "(\<Union>i\<in>I. A i) \<inter> (\<Union>j\<in>J. B j) = (\<Union>i\<in>I. \<Union>j\<in>J. A i \<inter> B j)"

   by blast

 lemma Un_INT_distrib2: "(\<Inter>i\<in>I. A i) \<union> (\<Inter>j\<in>J. B j) = (\<Inter>i\<in>I. \<Inter>j\<in>J. A i \<union> B j)"

   by blast

 subsection {* Complement *}

 lemma Compl_INT [simp]: "- (\<Inter>x\<in>A. B x) = (\<Union>x\<in>A. -B x)"

   by (fact uminus_INF)

 lemma Compl_UN [simp]: "- (\<Union>x\<in>A. B x) = (\<Inter>x\<in>A. -B x)"

   by (fact uminus_SUP)

 subsection {* Miniscoping and maxiscoping *}

 text {* \medskip Miniscoping: pushing in quantifiers and big Unions

            and Intersections. *}

 lemma UN_simps [simp]:

   "\<And>a B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. insert a (B x)) = (if C={} then {} else insert a (\<Union>x\<in>C. B x))"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x \<union>  B) = ((if C={} then {} else (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x) \<union> B))"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. A \<union> B x) = ((if C={} then {} else A \<union> (\<Union>x\<in>C. B x)))"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x \<inter> B) = ((\<Union>x\<in>C. A x) \<inter>B)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. A \<inter> B x) = (A \<inter>(\<Union>x\<in>C. B x))"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x - B) = ((\<Union>x\<in>C. A x) - B)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. A - B x) = (A - (\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x))"

   "\<And>A B. (\<Union>x\<in>\<Union>A. B x) = (\<Union>y\<in>A. \<Union>x\<in>y. B x)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>z\<in>UNION A B. C z) = (\<Union>x\<in>A. \<Union>z\<in>B x. C z)"

   "\<And>A B f. (\<Union>x\<in>f`A. B x) = (\<Union>a\<in>A. B (f a))"

   by auto

 lemma INT_simps [simp]:

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x \<inter> B) = (if C={} then UNIV else (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x) \<inter>B)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A \<inter> B x) = (if C={} then UNIV else A \<inter>(\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x))"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x - B) = (if C={} then UNIV else (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x) - B)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A - B x) = (if C={} then UNIV else A - (\<Union>x\<in>C. B x))"

   "\<And>a B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. insert a (B x)) = insert a (\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x \<union> B) = ((\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x) \<union> B)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A \<union> B x) = (A \<union> (\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x))"

   "\<And>A B. (\<Inter>x\<in>\<Union>A. B x) = (\<Inter>y\<in>A. \<Inter>x\<in>y. B x)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>z\<in>UNION A B. C z) = (\<Inter>x\<in>A. \<Inter>z\<in>B x. C z)"

   "\<And>A B f. (\<Inter>x\<in>f`A. B x) = (\<Inter>a\<in>A. B (f a))"

   by auto

 lemma ball_simps [simp,no_atp]:

   "\<And>A P Q. (\<forall>x\<in>A. P x \<or> Q) \<longleftrightarrow> ((\<forall>x\<in>A. P x) \<or> Q)"

   "\<And>A P Q. (\<forall>x\<in>A. P \<or> Q x) \<longleftrightarrow> (P \<or> (\<forall>x\<in>A. Q x))"

   "\<And>A P Q. (\<forall>x\<in>A. P \<longrightarrow> Q x) \<longleftrightarrow> (P \<longrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. Q x))"

   "\<And>A P Q. (\<forall>x\<in>A. P x \<longrightarrow> Q) \<longleftrightarrow> ((\<exists>x\<in>A. P x) \<longrightarrow> Q)"

   "\<And>P. (\<forall>x\<in>{}. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> True"

   "\<And>P. (\<forall>x\<in>UNIV. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. P x)"

   "\<And>a B P. (\<forall>x\<in>insert a B. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (P a \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>B. P x))"

   "\<And>A P. (\<forall>x\<in>\<Union>A. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>y\<in>A. \<forall>x\<in>y. P x)"

   "\<And>A B P. (\<forall>x\<in> UNION A B. P x) = (\<forall>a\<in>A. \<forall>x\<in> B a. P x)"

   "\<And>P Q. (\<forall>x\<in>Collect Q. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. Q x \<longrightarrow> P x)"

   "\<And>A P f. (\<forall>x\<in>f`A. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. P (f x))"

   "\<And>A P. (\<not> (\<forall>x\<in>A. P x)) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>A. \<not> P x)"

   by auto

 lemma bex_simps [simp,no_atp]:

   "\<And>A P Q. (\<exists>x\<in>A. P x \<and> Q) \<longleftrightarrow> ((\<exists>x\<in>A. P x) \<and> Q)"

   "\<And>A P Q. (\<exists>x\<in>A. P \<and> Q x) \<longleftrightarrow> (P \<and> (\<exists>x\<in>A. Q x))"

   "\<And>P. (\<exists>x\<in>{}. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> False"

   "\<And>P. (\<exists>x\<in>UNIV. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x. P x)"

   "\<And>a B P. (\<exists>x\<in>insert a B. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (P a | (\<exists>x\<in>B. P x))"

   "\<And>A P. (\<exists>x\<in>\<Union>A. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>y\<in>A. \<exists>x\<in>y. P x)"

   "\<And>A B P. (\<exists>x\<in>UNION A B. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>a\<in>A. \<exists>x\<in>B a. P x)"

   "\<And>P Q. (\<exists>x\<in>Collect Q. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x. Q x \<and> P x)"

   "\<And>A P f. (\<exists>x\<in>f`A. P x) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x\<in>A. P (f x))"

   "\<And>A P. (\<not>(\<exists>x\<in>A. P x)) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. \<not> P x)"

   by auto

 text {* \medskip Maxiscoping: pulling out big Unions and Intersections. *}

 lemma UN_extend_simps:

   "\<And>a B C. insert a (\<Union>x\<in>C. B x) = (if C={} then {a} else (\<Union>x\<in>C. insert a (B x)))"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x) \<union>  B  = (if C={} then B else (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x \<union>  B))"

   "\<And>A B C. A \<union> (\<Union>x\<in>C. B x) = (if C={} then A else (\<Union>x\<in>C. A \<union> B x))"

   "\<And>A B C. ((\<Union>x\<in>C. A x) \<inter> B) = (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x \<inter> B)"

   "\<And>A B C. (A \<inter> (\<Union>x\<in>C. B x)) = (\<Union>x\<in>C. A \<inter> B x)"

   "\<And>A B C. ((\<Union>x\<in>C. A x) - B) = (\<Union>x\<in>C. A x - B)"

   "\<And>A B C. (A - (\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x)) = (\<Union>x\<in>C. A - B x)"

   "\<And>A B. (\<Union>y\<in>A. \<Union>x\<in>y. B x) = (\<Union>x\<in>\<Union>A. B x)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Union>x\<in>A. \<Union>z\<in>B x. C z) = (\<Union>z\<in>UNION A B. C z)"

   "\<And>A B f. (\<Union>a\<in>A. B (f a)) = (\<Union>x\<in>f`A. B x)"

   by auto

 lemma INT_extend_simps:

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x) \<inter> B = (if C={} then B else (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x \<inter> B))"

   "\<And>A B C. A \<inter> (\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x) = (if C={} then A else (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A \<inter> B x))"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x) - B = (if C={} then UNIV - B else (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x - B))"

   "\<And>A B C. A - (\<Union>x\<in>C. B x) = (if C={} then A else (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A - B x))"

   "\<And>a B C. insert a (\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x) = (\<Inter>x\<in>C. insert a (B x))"

   "\<And>A B C. ((\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x) \<union> B) = (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A x \<union> B)"

   "\<And>A B C. A \<union> (\<Inter>x\<in>C. B x) = (\<Inter>x\<in>C. A \<union> B x)"

   "\<And>A B. (\<Inter>y\<in>A. \<Inter>x\<in>y. B x) = (\<Inter>x\<in>\<Union>A. B x)"

   "\<And>A B C. (\<Inter>x\<in>A. \<Inter>z\<in>B x. C z) = (\<Inter>z\<in>UNION A B. C z)"

   "\<And>A B f. (\<Inter>a\<in>A. B (f a)) = (\<Inter>x\<in>f`A. B x)"

   by auto

 text {* Legacy names *}

 lemmas (in complete_lattice) INFI_def = INF_def

 lemmas (in complete_lattice) SUPR_def = SUP_def

 lemmas (in complete_lattice) le_SUPI = le_SUP_I

 lemmas (in complete_lattice) le_SUPI2 = le_SUP_I2

 lemmas (in complete_lattice) le_INFI = le_INF_I

 lemmas (in complete_lattice) INF_subset = INF_superset_mono 

 lemmas INFI_apply = INF_apply

 lemmas SUPR_apply = SUP_apply

 text {* Finally *}

 no_notation

   less_eq  (infix "\<sqsubseteq>" 50) and

   less (infix "\<sqsubset>" 50) and

   bot ("\<bottom>") and

   top ("\<top>") and

   inf  (infixl "\<sqinter>" 70) and

   sup  (infixl "\<squnion>" 65) and

   Inf  ("\<Sqinter>_" [900] 900) and

   Sup  ("\<Squnion>_" [900] 900)

 no_syntax (xsymbols)

   "_INF1"     :: "pttrns \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"           ("(3\<Sqinter>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_INF"      :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"  ("(3\<Sqinter>_\<in>_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

   "_SUP1"     :: "pttrns \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"           ("(3\<Squnion>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)

   "_SUP"      :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b"  ("(3\<Squnion>_\<in>_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)

 lemmas mem_simps =

   insert_iff empty_iff Un_iff Int_iff Compl_iff Diff_iff

   mem_Collect_eq UN_iff Union_iff INT_iff Inter_iff

   -- {* Each of these has ALREADY been added @{text "[simp]"} above. *}

 end