(*  Title:  HOL/Rat.thy

     Author: Markus Wenzel, TU Muenchen

 *)

 header {* Rational numbers *}

 theory Rat

 imports GCD Archimedean_Field

 uses ("Tools/float_syntax.ML")

 begin

 subsection {* Rational numbers as quotient *}

 subsubsection {* Construction of the type of rational numbers *}

 definition

   ratrel :: "(int \<times> int) \<Rightarrow> (int \<times> int) \<Rightarrow> bool" where

   "ratrel = (\<lambda>x y. snd x \<noteq> 0 \<and> snd y \<noteq> 0 \<and> fst x * snd y = fst y * snd x)"

 lemma ratrel_iff [simp]:

   "ratrel x y \<longleftrightarrow> snd x \<noteq> 0 \<and> snd y \<noteq> 0 \<and> fst x * snd y = fst y * snd x"

   by (simp add: ratrel_def)

 lemma exists_ratrel_refl: "\<exists>x. ratrel x x"

   by (auto intro!: one_neq_zero)

 lemma symp_ratrel: "symp ratrel"

   by (simp add: ratrel_def symp_def)

 lemma transp_ratrel: "transp ratrel"

 proof (rule transpI, unfold split_paired_all)

   fix a b a' b' a'' b'' :: int

   assume A: "ratrel (a, b) (a', b')"

   assume B: "ratrel (a', b') (a'', b'')"

   have "b' * (a * b'') = b'' * (a * b')" by simp

   also from A have "a * b' = a' * b" by auto

   also have "b'' * (a' * b) = b * (a' * b'')" by simp

   also from B have "a' * b'' = a'' * b'" by auto

   also have "b * (a'' * b') = b' * (a'' * b)" by simp

   finally have "b' * (a * b'') = b' * (a'' * b)" .

   moreover from B have "b' \<noteq> 0" by auto

   ultimately have "a * b'' = a'' * b" by simp

   with A B show "ratrel (a, b) (a'', b'')" by auto

 qed

 lemma part_equivp_ratrel: "part_equivp ratrel"

   by (rule part_equivpI [OF exists_ratrel_refl symp_ratrel transp_ratrel])

 quotient_type rat = "int \<times> int" / partial: "ratrel"

   morphisms Rep_Rat Abs_Rat

   by (rule part_equivp_ratrel)

 declare rat.forall_transfer [transfer_rule del]

 lemma forall_rat_transfer [transfer_rule]: (* TODO: generate automatically *)

   "(fun_rel (fun_rel cr_rat op =) op =)

     (transfer_bforall (\<lambda>x. snd x \<noteq> 0)) transfer_forall"

   using rat.forall_transfer by simp

 subsubsection {* Representation and basic operations *}

 lift_definition Fract :: "int \<Rightarrow> int \<Rightarrow> rat"

   is "\<lambda>a b. if b = 0 then (0, 1) else (a, b)"

   by simp

 lemma eq_rat:

   shows "\<And>a b c d. b \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> d \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> Fract a b = Fract c d \<longleftrightarrow> a * d = c * b"

   and "\<And>a. Fract a 0 = Fract 0 1"

   and "\<And>a c. Fract 0 a = Fract 0 c"

   by (transfer, simp)+

 lemma Rat_cases [case_names Fract, cases type: rat]:

   assumes "\<And>a b. q = Fract a b \<Longrightarrow> b > 0 \<Longrightarrow> coprime a b \<Longrightarrow> C"

   shows C

 proof -

   obtain a b :: int where "q = Fract a b" and "b \<noteq> 0"

     by transfer simp

   let ?a = "a div gcd a b"

   let ?b = "b div gcd a b"

   from `b \<noteq> 0` have "?b * gcd a b = b"

     by (simp add: dvd_div_mult_self)

   with `b \<noteq> 0` have "?b \<noteq> 0" by auto

   from `q = Fract a b` `b \<noteq> 0` `?b \<noteq> 0` have q: "q = Fract ?a ?b"

     by (simp add: eq_rat dvd_div_mult mult_commute [of a])

   from `b \<noteq> 0` have coprime: "coprime ?a ?b"

     by (auto intro: div_gcd_coprime_int)

   show C proof (cases "b > 0")

     case True

     note assms

     moreover note q

     moreover from True have "?b > 0" by (simp add: nonneg1_imp_zdiv_pos_iff)

     moreover note coprime

     ultimately show C .

   next

     case False

     note assms

     moreover have "q = Fract (- ?a) (- ?b)" unfolding q by transfer simp

     moreover from False `b \<noteq> 0` have "- ?b > 0" by (simp add: pos_imp_zdiv_neg_iff)

     moreover from coprime have "coprime (- ?a) (- ?b)" by simp

     ultimately show C .

   qed

 qed

 lemma Rat_induct [case_names Fract, induct type: rat]:

   assumes "\<And>a b. b > 0 \<Longrightarrow> coprime a b \<Longrightarrow> P (Fract a b)"

   shows "P q"

   using assms by (cases q) simp

 instantiation rat :: field_inverse_zero

 begin

 lift_definition zero_rat :: "rat" is "(0, 1)"

   by simp

 lift_definition one_rat :: "rat" is "(1, 1)"

   by simp

 lemma Zero_rat_def: "0 = Fract 0 1"

   by transfer simp

 lemma One_rat_def: "1 = Fract 1 1"

   by transfer simp

 lift_definition plus_rat :: "rat \<Rightarrow> rat \<Rightarrow> rat"

   is "\<lambda>x y. (fst x * snd y + fst y * snd x, snd x * snd y)"

   by (clarsimp, simp add: left_distrib, simp add: mult_ac)

 lemma add_rat [simp]:

   assumes "b \<noteq> 0" and "d \<noteq> 0"

   shows "Fract a b + Fract c d = Fract (a * d + c * b) (b * d)"

   using assms by transfer simp

 lift_definition uminus_rat :: "rat \<Rightarrow> rat" is "\<lambda>x. (- fst x, snd x)"

   by simp

 lemma minus_rat [simp]: "- Fract a b = Fract (- a) b"

   by transfer simp

 lemma minus_rat_cancel [simp]: "Fract (- a) (- b) = Fract a b"

   by (cases "b = 0") (simp_all add: eq_rat)

 definition

   diff_rat_def: "q - r = q + - (r::rat)"

 lemma diff_rat [simp]:

   assumes "b \<noteq> 0" and "d \<noteq> 0"

   shows "Fract a b - Fract c d = Fract (a * d - c * b) (b * d)"

   using assms by (simp add: diff_rat_def)

 lift_definition times_rat :: "rat \<Rightarrow> rat \<Rightarrow> rat"

   is "\<lambda>x y. (fst x * fst y, snd x * snd y)"

   by (simp add: mult_ac)

 lemma mult_rat [simp]: "Fract a b * Fract c d = Fract (a * c) (b * d)"

   by transfer simp

 lemma mult_rat_cancel:

   assumes "c \<noteq> 0"

   shows "Fract (c * a) (c * b) = Fract a b"

   using assms by transfer simp

 lift_definition inverse_rat :: "rat \<Rightarrow> rat"

   is "\<lambda>x. if fst x = 0 then (0, 1) else (snd x, fst x)"

   by (auto simp add: mult_commute)

 lemma inverse_rat [simp]: "inverse (Fract a b) = Fract b a"

   by transfer simp

 definition

   divide_rat_def: "q / r = q * inverse (r::rat)"

 lemma divide_rat [simp]: "Fract a b / Fract c d = Fract (a * d) (b * c)"

   by (simp add: divide_rat_def)

 instance proof

   fix q r s :: rat

   show "(q * r) * s = q * (r * s)"

     by transfer simp

   show "q * r = r * q"

     by transfer simp

   show "1 * q = q"

     by transfer simp

   show "(q + r) + s = q + (r + s)"

     by transfer (simp add: algebra_simps)

   show "q + r = r + q"

     by transfer simp

   show "0 + q = q"

     by transfer simp

   show "- q + q = 0"

     by transfer simp

   show "q - r = q + - r"

     by (fact diff_rat_def)

   show "(q + r) * s = q * s + r * s"

     by transfer (simp add: algebra_simps)

   show "(0::rat) \<noteq> 1"

     by transfer simp

   { assume "q \<noteq> 0" thus "inverse q * q = 1"

     by transfer simp }

   show "q / r = q * inverse r"

     by (fact divide_rat_def)

   show "inverse 0 = (0::rat)"

     by transfer simp

 qed

 end

 lemma of_nat_rat: "of_nat k = Fract (of_nat k) 1"

   by (induct k) (simp_all add: Zero_rat_def One_rat_def)

 lemma of_int_rat: "of_int k = Fract k 1"

   by (cases k rule: int_diff_cases) (simp add: of_nat_rat)

 lemma Fract_of_nat_eq: "Fract (of_nat k) 1 = of_nat k"

   by (rule of_nat_rat [symmetric])

 lemma Fract_of_int_eq: "Fract k 1 = of_int k"

   by (rule of_int_rat [symmetric])

 lemma rat_number_collapse:

   "Fract 0 k = 0"

   "Fract 1 1 = 1"

   "Fract (numeral w) 1 = numeral w"

   "Fract (neg_numeral w) 1 = neg_numeral w"

   "Fract k 0 = 0"

   using Fract_of_int_eq [of "numeral w"]

   using Fract_of_int_eq [of "neg_numeral w"]

   by (simp_all add: Zero_rat_def One_rat_def eq_rat)

 lemma rat_number_expand:

   "0 = Fract 0 1"

   "1 = Fract 1 1"

   "numeral k = Fract (numeral k) 1"

   "neg_numeral k = Fract (neg_numeral k) 1"

   by (simp_all add: rat_number_collapse)

 lemma Rat_cases_nonzero [case_names Fract 0]:

   assumes Fract: "\<And>a b. q = Fract a b \<Longrightarrow> b > 0 \<Longrightarrow> a \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> coprime a b \<Longrightarrow> C"

   assumes 0: "q = 0 \<Longrightarrow> C"

   shows C

 proof (cases "q = 0")

   case True then show C using 0 by auto

 next

   case False

   then obtain a b where "q = Fract a b" and "b > 0" and "coprime a b" by (cases q) auto

   moreover with False have "0 \<noteq> Fract a b" by simp

   with `b > 0` have "a \<noteq> 0" by (simp add: Zero_rat_def eq_rat)

   with Fract `q = Fract a b` `b > 0` `coprime a b` show C by blast

 qed

 subsubsection {* Function @{text normalize} *}

 lemma Fract_coprime: "Fract (a div gcd a b) (b div gcd a b) = Fract a b"

 proof (cases "b = 0")

   case True then show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat)

 next

   case False

   moreover have "b div gcd a b * gcd a b = b"

     by (rule dvd_div_mult_self) simp

   ultimately have "b div gcd a b \<noteq> 0" by auto

   with False show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat dvd_div_mult mult_commute [of a])

 qed

 definition normalize :: "int \<times> int \<Rightarrow> int \<times> int" where

   "normalize p = (if snd p > 0 then (let a = gcd (fst p) (snd p) in (fst p div a, snd p div a))

     else if snd p = 0 then (0, 1)

     else (let a = - gcd (fst p) (snd p) in (fst p div a, snd p div a)))"

 lemma normalize_crossproduct:

   assumes "q \<noteq> 0" "s \<noteq> 0"

   assumes "normalize (p, q) = normalize (r, s)"

   shows "p * s = r * q"

 proof -

   have aux: "p * gcd r s = sgn (q * s) * r * gcd p q \<Longrightarrow> q * gcd r s = sgn (q * s) * s * gcd p q \<Longrightarrow> p * s = q * r"

   proof -

     assume "p * gcd r s = sgn (q * s) * r * gcd p q" and "q * gcd r s = sgn (q * s) * s * gcd p q"

     then have "(p * gcd r s) * (sgn (q * s) * s * gcd p q) = (q * gcd r s) * (sgn (q * s) * r * gcd p q)" by simp

     with assms show "p * s = q * r" by (auto simp add: mult_ac sgn_times sgn_0_0)

   qed

   from assms show ?thesis

     by (auto simp add: normalize_def Let_def dvd_div_div_eq_mult mult_commute sgn_times split: if_splits intro: aux)

 qed

 lemma normalize_eq: "normalize (a, b) = (p, q) \<Longrightarrow> Fract p q = Fract a b"

   by (auto simp add: normalize_def Let_def Fract_coprime dvd_div_neg rat_number_collapse

     split:split_if_asm)

 lemma normalize_denom_pos: "normalize r = (p, q) \<Longrightarrow> q > 0"

   by (auto simp add: normalize_def Let_def dvd_div_neg pos_imp_zdiv_neg_iff nonneg1_imp_zdiv_pos_iff

     split:split_if_asm)

 lemma normalize_coprime: "normalize r = (p, q) \<Longrightarrow> coprime p q"

   by (auto simp add: normalize_def Let_def dvd_div_neg div_gcd_coprime_int

     split:split_if_asm)

 lemma normalize_stable [simp]:

   "q > 0 \<Longrightarrow> coprime p q \<Longrightarrow> normalize (p, q) = (p, q)"

   by (simp add: normalize_def)

 lemma normalize_denom_zero [simp]:

   "normalize (p, 0) = (0, 1)"

   by (simp add: normalize_def)

 lemma normalize_negative [simp]:

   "q < 0 \<Longrightarrow> normalize (p, q) = normalize (- p, - q)"

   by (simp add: normalize_def Let_def dvd_div_neg dvd_neg_div)

 text{*

   Decompose a fraction into normalized, i.e. coprime numerator and denominator:

 *}

 definition quotient_of :: "rat \<Rightarrow> int \<times> int" where

   "quotient_of x = (THE pair. x = Fract (fst pair) (snd pair) &

                    snd pair > 0 & coprime (fst pair) (snd pair))"

 lemma quotient_of_unique:

   "\<exists>!p. r = Fract (fst p) (snd p) \<and> snd p > 0 \<and> coprime (fst p) (snd p)"

 proof (cases r)

   case (Fract a b)

   then have "r = Fract (fst (a, b)) (snd (a, b)) \<and> snd (a, b) > 0 \<and> coprime (fst (a, b)) (snd (a, b))" by auto

   then show ?thesis proof (rule ex1I)

     fix p

     obtain c d :: int where p: "p = (c, d)" by (cases p)

     assume "r = Fract (fst p) (snd p) \<and> snd p > 0 \<and> coprime (fst p) (snd p)"

     with p have Fract': "r = Fract c d" "d > 0" "coprime c d" by simp_all

     have "c = a \<and> d = b"

     proof (cases "a = 0")

       case True with Fract Fract' show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat)

     next

       case False

       with Fract Fract' have *: "c * b = a * d" and "c \<noteq> 0" by (auto simp add: eq_rat)

       then have "c * b > 0 \<longleftrightarrow> a * d > 0" by auto

       with `b > 0` `d > 0` have "a > 0 \<longleftrightarrow> c > 0" by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)

       with `a \<noteq> 0` `c \<noteq> 0` have sgn: "sgn a = sgn c" by (auto simp add: not_less)

       from `coprime a b` `coprime c d` have "\<bar>a\<bar> * \<bar>d\<bar> = \<bar>c\<bar> * \<bar>b\<bar> \<longleftrightarrow> \<bar>a\<bar> = \<bar>c\<bar> \<and> \<bar>d\<bar> = \<bar>b\<bar>"

         by (simp add: coprime_crossproduct_int)

       with `b > 0` `d > 0` have "\<bar>a\<bar> * d = \<bar>c\<bar> * b \<longleftrightarrow> \<bar>a\<bar> = \<bar>c\<bar> \<and> d = b" by simp

       then have "a * sgn a * d = c * sgn c * b \<longleftrightarrow> a * sgn a = c * sgn c \<and> d = b" by (simp add: abs_sgn)

       with sgn * show ?thesis by (auto simp add: sgn_0_0)

     qed

     with p show "p = (a, b)" by simp

   qed

 qed

 lemma quotient_of_Fract [code]:

   "quotient_of (Fract a b) = normalize (a, b)"

 proof -

   have "Fract a b = Fract (fst (normalize (a, b))) (snd (normalize (a, b)))" (is ?Fract)

     by (rule sym) (auto intro: normalize_eq)

   moreover have "0 < snd (normalize (a, b))" (is ?denom_pos) 

     by (cases "normalize (a, b)") (rule normalize_denom_pos, simp)

   moreover have "coprime (fst (normalize (a, b))) (snd (normalize (a, b)))" (is ?coprime)

     by (rule normalize_coprime) simp

   ultimately have "?Fract \<and> ?denom_pos \<and> ?coprime" by blast

   with quotient_of_unique have

     "(THE p. Fract a b = Fract (fst p) (snd p) \<and> 0 < snd p \<and> coprime (fst p) (snd p)) = normalize (a, b)"

     by (rule the1_equality)

   then show ?thesis by (simp add: quotient_of_def)

 qed

 lemma quotient_of_number [simp]:

   "quotient_of 0 = (0, 1)"

   "quotient_of 1 = (1, 1)"

   "quotient_of (numeral k) = (numeral k, 1)"

   "quotient_of (neg_numeral k) = (neg_numeral k, 1)"

   by (simp_all add: rat_number_expand quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma quotient_of_eq: "quotient_of (Fract a b) = (p, q) \<Longrightarrow> Fract p q = Fract a b"

   by (simp add: quotient_of_Fract normalize_eq)

 lemma quotient_of_denom_pos: "quotient_of r = (p, q) \<Longrightarrow> q > 0"

   by (cases r) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract normalize_denom_pos)

 lemma quotient_of_coprime: "quotient_of r = (p, q) \<Longrightarrow> coprime p q"

   by (cases r) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract normalize_coprime)

 lemma quotient_of_inject:

   assumes "quotient_of a = quotient_of b"

   shows "a = b"

 proof -

   obtain p q r s where a: "a = Fract p q"

     and b: "b = Fract r s"

     and "q > 0" and "s > 0" by (cases a, cases b)

   with assms show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat quotient_of_Fract normalize_crossproduct)

 qed

 lemma quotient_of_inject_eq:

   "quotient_of a = quotient_of b \<longleftrightarrow> a = b"

   by (auto simp add: quotient_of_inject)

 subsubsection {* Various *}

 lemma Fract_of_int_quotient: "Fract k l = of_int k / of_int l"

   by (simp add: Fract_of_int_eq [symmetric])

 lemma Fract_add_one: "n \<noteq> 0 ==> Fract (m + n) n = Fract m n + 1"

   by (simp add: rat_number_expand)

 subsubsection {* The ordered field of rational numbers *}

 lift_definition positive :: "rat \<Rightarrow> bool"

   is "\<lambda>x. 0 < fst x * snd x"

 proof (clarsimp)

   fix a b c d :: int

   assume "b \<noteq> 0" and "d \<noteq> 0" and "a * d = c * b"

   hence "a * d * b * d = c * b * b * d"

     by simp

   hence "a * b * d\<twosuperior> = c * d * b\<twosuperior>"

     unfolding power2_eq_square by (simp add: mult_ac)

   hence "0 < a * b * d\<twosuperior> \<longleftrightarrow> 0 < c * d * b\<twosuperior>"

     by simp

   thus "0 < a * b \<longleftrightarrow> 0 < c * d"

     using `b \<noteq> 0` and `d \<noteq> 0`

     by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)

 qed

 lemma positive_zero: "\<not> positive 0"

   by transfer simp

 lemma positive_add:

   "positive x \<Longrightarrow> positive y \<Longrightarrow> positive (x + y)"

 apply transfer

 apply (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)

 apply (elim disjE, simp_all add: add_pos_pos add_neg_neg

   mult_pos_pos mult_pos_neg mult_neg_pos mult_neg_neg)

 done

 lemma positive_mult:

   "positive x \<Longrightarrow> positive y \<Longrightarrow> positive (x * y)"

 by transfer (drule (1) mult_pos_pos, simp add: mult_ac)

 lemma positive_minus:

   "\<not> positive x \<Longrightarrow> x \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> positive (- x)"

 by transfer (force simp: neq_iff zero_less_mult_iff mult_less_0_iff)

 instantiation rat :: linordered_field_inverse_zero

 begin

 definition

   "x < y \<longleftrightarrow> positive (y - x)"

 definition

   "x \<le> (y::rat) \<longleftrightarrow> x < y \<or> x = y"

 definition

   "abs (a::rat) = (if a < 0 then - a else a)"

 definition

   "sgn (a::rat) = (if a = 0 then 0 else if 0 < a then 1 else - 1)"

 instance proof

   fix a b c :: rat

   show "\<bar>a\<bar> = (if a < 0 then - a else a)"

     by (rule abs_rat_def)

   show "a < b \<longleftrightarrow> a \<le> b \<and> \<not> b \<le> a"

     unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def

     by (auto, drule (1) positive_add, simp_all add: positive_zero)

   show "a \<le> a"

     unfolding less_eq_rat_def by simp

   show "a \<le> b \<Longrightarrow> b \<le> c \<Longrightarrow> a \<le> c"

     unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def

     by (auto, drule (1) positive_add, simp add: algebra_simps)

   show "a \<le> b \<Longrightarrow> b \<le> a \<Longrightarrow> a = b"

     unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def

     by (auto, drule (1) positive_add, simp add: positive_zero)

   show "a \<le> b \<Longrightarrow> c + a \<le> c + b"

     unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def by (auto simp: diff_minus)

   show "sgn a = (if a = 0 then 0 else if 0 < a then 1 else - 1)"

     by (rule sgn_rat_def)

   show "a \<le> b \<or> b \<le> a"

     unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def

     by (auto dest!: positive_minus)

   show "a < b \<Longrightarrow> 0 < c \<Longrightarrow> c * a < c * b"

     unfolding less_rat_def

     by (drule (1) positive_mult, simp add: algebra_simps)

 qed

 end

 instantiation rat :: distrib_lattice

 begin

 definition

   "(inf :: rat \<Rightarrow> rat \<Rightarrow> rat) = min"

 definition

   "(sup :: rat \<Rightarrow> rat \<Rightarrow> rat) = max"

 instance proof

 qed (auto simp add: inf_rat_def sup_rat_def min_max.sup_inf_distrib1)

 end

 lemma positive_rat: "positive (Fract a b) \<longleftrightarrow> 0 < a * b"

   by transfer simp

 lemma less_rat [simp]:

   assumes "b \<noteq> 0" and "d \<noteq> 0"

   shows "Fract a b < Fract c d \<longleftrightarrow> (a * d) * (b * d) < (c * b) * (b * d)"

   using assms unfolding less_rat_def

   by (simp add: positive_rat algebra_simps)

 lemma le_rat [simp]:

   assumes "b \<noteq> 0" and "d \<noteq> 0"

   shows "Fract a b \<le> Fract c d \<longleftrightarrow> (a * d) * (b * d) \<le> (c * b) * (b * d)"

   using assms unfolding le_less by (simp add: eq_rat)

 lemma abs_rat [simp, code]: "\<bar>Fract a b\<bar> = Fract \<bar>a\<bar> \<bar>b\<bar>"

   by (auto simp add: abs_rat_def zabs_def Zero_rat_def not_less le_less eq_rat zero_less_mult_iff)

 lemma sgn_rat [simp, code]: "sgn (Fract a b) = of_int (sgn a * sgn b)"

   unfolding Fract_of_int_eq

   by (auto simp: zsgn_def sgn_rat_def Zero_rat_def eq_rat)

     (auto simp: rat_number_collapse not_less le_less zero_less_mult_iff)

 lemma Rat_induct_pos [case_names Fract, induct type: rat]:

   assumes step: "\<And>a b. 0 < b \<Longrightarrow> P (Fract a b)"

   shows "P q"

 proof (cases q)

   have step': "\<And>a b. b < 0 \<Longrightarrow> P (Fract a b)"

   proof -

     fix a::int and b::int

     assume b: "b < 0"

     hence "0 < -b" by simp

     hence "P (Fract (-a) (-b))" by (rule step)

     thus "P (Fract a b)" by (simp add: order_less_imp_not_eq [OF b])

   qed

   case (Fract a b)

   thus "P q" by (force simp add: linorder_neq_iff step step')

 qed

 lemma zero_less_Fract_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> 0 < Fract a b \<longleftrightarrow> 0 < a"

   by (simp add: Zero_rat_def zero_less_mult_iff)

 lemma Fract_less_zero_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> Fract a b < 0 \<longleftrightarrow> a < 0"

   by (simp add: Zero_rat_def mult_less_0_iff)

 lemma zero_le_Fract_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> 0 \<le> Fract a b \<longleftrightarrow> 0 \<le> a"

   by (simp add: Zero_rat_def zero_le_mult_iff)

 lemma Fract_le_zero_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> Fract a b \<le> 0 \<longleftrightarrow> a \<le> 0"

   by (simp add: Zero_rat_def mult_le_0_iff)

 lemma one_less_Fract_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> 1 < Fract a b \<longleftrightarrow> b < a"

   by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_less_cancel_right_disj)

 lemma Fract_less_one_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> Fract a b < 1 \<longleftrightarrow> a < b"

   by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_less_cancel_right_disj)

 lemma one_le_Fract_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> 1 \<le> Fract a b \<longleftrightarrow> b \<le> a"

   by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_le_cancel_right)

 lemma Fract_le_one_iff:

   "0 < b \<Longrightarrow> Fract a b \<le> 1 \<longleftrightarrow> a \<le> b"

   by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_le_cancel_right)

 subsubsection {* Rationals are an Archimedean field *}

 lemma rat_floor_lemma:

   shows "of_int (a div b) \<le> Fract a b \<and> Fract a b < of_int (a div b + 1)"

 proof -

   have "Fract a b = of_int (a div b) + Fract (a mod b) b"

     by (cases "b = 0", simp, simp add: of_int_rat)

   moreover have "0 \<le> Fract (a mod b) b \<and> Fract (a mod b) b < 1"

     unfolding Fract_of_int_quotient

     by (rule linorder_cases [of b 0]) (simp add: divide_nonpos_neg, simp, simp add: divide_nonneg_pos)

   ultimately show ?thesis by simp

 qed

 instance rat :: archimedean_field

 proof

   fix r :: rat

   show "\<exists>z. r \<le> of_int z"

   proof (induct r)

     case (Fract a b)

     have "Fract a b \<le> of_int (a div b + 1)"

       using rat_floor_lemma [of a b] by simp

     then show "\<exists>z. Fract a b \<le> of_int z" ..

   qed

 qed

 instantiation rat :: floor_ceiling

 begin

 definition [code del]:

   "floor (x::rat) = (THE z. of_int z \<le> x \<and> x < of_int (z + 1))"

 instance proof

   fix x :: rat

   show "of_int (floor x) \<le> x \<and> x < of_int (floor x + 1)"

     unfolding floor_rat_def using floor_exists1 by (rule theI')

 qed

 end

 lemma floor_Fract: "floor (Fract a b) = a div b"

   using rat_floor_lemma [of a b]

   by (simp add: floor_unique)

 subsection {* Linear arithmetic setup *}

 declaration {*

   K (Lin_Arith.add_inj_thms [@{thm of_nat_le_iff} RS iffD2, @{thm of_nat_eq_iff} RS iffD2]

     (* not needed because x < (y::nat) can be rewritten as Suc x <= y: of_nat_less_iff RS iffD2 *)

   #> Lin_Arith.add_inj_thms [@{thm of_int_le_iff} RS iffD2, @{thm of_int_eq_iff} RS iffD2]

     (* not needed because x < (y::int) can be rewritten as x + 1 <= y: of_int_less_iff RS iffD2 *)

   #> Lin_Arith.add_simps [@{thm neg_less_iff_less},

       @{thm True_implies_equals},

       read_instantiate @{context} [(("a", 0), "(numeral ?v)")] @{thm right_distrib},

       read_instantiate @{context} [(("a", 0), "(neg_numeral ?v)")] @{thm right_distrib},

       @{thm divide_1}, @{thm divide_zero_left},

       @{thm times_divide_eq_right}, @{thm times_divide_eq_left},

       @{thm minus_divide_left} RS sym, @{thm minus_divide_right} RS sym,

       @{thm of_int_minus}, @{thm of_int_diff},

       @{thm of_int_of_nat_eq}]

   #> Lin_Arith.add_simprocs Numeral_Simprocs.field_cancel_numeral_factors

   #> Lin_Arith.add_inj_const (@{const_name of_nat}, @{typ "nat => rat"})

   #> Lin_Arith.add_inj_const (@{const_name of_int}, @{typ "int => rat"}))

 *}

 subsection {* Embedding from Rationals to other Fields *}

 class field_char_0 = field + ring_char_0

 subclass (in linordered_field) field_char_0 ..

 context field_char_0

 begin

 lift_definition of_rat :: "rat \<Rightarrow> 'a"

   is "\<lambda>x. of_int (fst x) / of_int (snd x)"

 apply (clarsimp simp add: nonzero_divide_eq_eq nonzero_eq_divide_eq)

 apply (simp only: of_int_mult [symmetric])

 done

 end

 lemma of_rat_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> of_rat (Fract a b) = of_int a / of_int b"

   by transfer simp

 lemma of_rat_0 [simp]: "of_rat 0 = 0"

   by transfer simp

 lemma of_rat_1 [simp]: "of_rat 1 = 1"

   by transfer simp

 lemma of_rat_add: "of_rat (a + b) = of_rat a + of_rat b"

   by transfer (simp add: add_frac_eq)

 lemma of_rat_minus: "of_rat (- a) = - of_rat a"

   by transfer simp

 lemma of_rat_diff: "of_rat (a - b) = of_rat a - of_rat b"

 by (simp only: diff_minus of_rat_add of_rat_minus)

 lemma of_rat_mult: "of_rat (a * b) = of_rat a * of_rat b"

 apply transfer

 apply (simp add: divide_inverse nonzero_inverse_mult_distrib mult_ac)

 done

 lemma nonzero_of_rat_inverse:

   "a \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> of_rat (inverse a) = inverse (of_rat a)"

 apply (rule inverse_unique [symmetric])

 apply (simp add: of_rat_mult [symmetric])

 done

 lemma of_rat_inverse:

   "(of_rat (inverse a)::'a::{field_char_0, field_inverse_zero}) =

    inverse (of_rat a)"

 by (cases "a = 0", simp_all add: nonzero_of_rat_inverse)

 lemma nonzero_of_rat_divide:

   "b \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> of_rat (a / b) = of_rat a / of_rat b"

 by (simp add: divide_inverse of_rat_mult nonzero_of_rat_inverse)

 lemma of_rat_divide:

   "(of_rat (a / b)::'a::{field_char_0, field_inverse_zero})

    = of_rat a / of_rat b"

 by (cases "b = 0") (simp_all add: nonzero_of_rat_divide)

 lemma of_rat_power:

   "(of_rat (a ^ n)::'a::field_char_0) = of_rat a ^ n"

 by (induct n) (simp_all add: of_rat_mult)

 lemma of_rat_eq_iff [simp]: "(of_rat a = of_rat b) = (a = b)"

 apply transfer

 apply (simp add: nonzero_divide_eq_eq nonzero_eq_divide_eq)

 apply (simp only: of_int_mult [symmetric] of_int_eq_iff)

 done

 lemma of_rat_less:

   "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) < of_rat s \<longleftrightarrow> r < s"

 proof (induct r, induct s)

   fix a b c d :: int

   assume not_zero: "b > 0" "d > 0"

   then have "b * d > 0" by (rule mult_pos_pos)

   have of_int_divide_less_eq:

     "(of_int a :: 'a) / of_int b < of_int c / of_int d

       \<longleftrightarrow> (of_int a :: 'a) * of_int d < of_int c * of_int b"

     using not_zero by (simp add: pos_less_divide_eq pos_divide_less_eq)

   show "(of_rat (Fract a b) :: 'a::linordered_field) < of_rat (Fract c d)

     \<longleftrightarrow> Fract a b < Fract c d"

     using not_zero `b * d > 0`

     by (simp add: of_rat_rat of_int_divide_less_eq of_int_mult [symmetric] del: of_int_mult)

 qed

 lemma of_rat_less_eq:

   "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) \<le> of_rat s \<longleftrightarrow> r \<le> s"

   unfolding le_less by (auto simp add: of_rat_less)

 lemmas of_rat_eq_0_iff [simp] = of_rat_eq_iff [of _ 0, simplified]

 lemma of_rat_eq_id [simp]: "of_rat = id"

 proof

   fix a

   show "of_rat a = id a"

   by (induct a)

      (simp add: of_rat_rat Fract_of_int_eq [symmetric])

 qed

 text{*Collapse nested embeddings*}

 lemma of_rat_of_nat_eq [simp]: "of_rat (of_nat n) = of_nat n"

 by (induct n) (simp_all add: of_rat_add)

 lemma of_rat_of_int_eq [simp]: "of_rat (of_int z) = of_int z"

 by (cases z rule: int_diff_cases) (simp add: of_rat_diff)

 lemma of_rat_numeral_eq [simp]:

   "of_rat (numeral w) = numeral w"

 using of_rat_of_int_eq [of "numeral w"] by simp

 lemma of_rat_neg_numeral_eq [simp]:

   "of_rat (neg_numeral w) = neg_numeral w"

 using of_rat_of_int_eq [of "neg_numeral w"] by simp

 lemmas zero_rat = Zero_rat_def

 lemmas one_rat = One_rat_def

 abbreviation

   rat_of_nat :: "nat \<Rightarrow> rat"

 where

   "rat_of_nat \<equiv> of_nat"

 abbreviation

   rat_of_int :: "int \<Rightarrow> rat"

 where

   "rat_of_int \<equiv> of_int"

 subsection {* The Set of Rational Numbers *}

 context field_char_0

 begin

 definition

   Rats  :: "'a set" where

   "Rats = range of_rat"

 notation (xsymbols)

   Rats  ("\<rat>")

 end

 lemma Rats_of_rat [simp]: "of_rat r \<in> Rats"

 by (simp add: Rats_def)

 lemma Rats_of_int [simp]: "of_int z \<in> Rats"

 by (subst of_rat_of_int_eq [symmetric], rule Rats_of_rat)

 lemma Rats_of_nat [simp]: "of_nat n \<in> Rats"

 by (subst of_rat_of_nat_eq [symmetric], rule Rats_of_rat)

 lemma Rats_number_of [simp]: "numeral w \<in> Rats"

 by (subst of_rat_numeral_eq [symmetric], rule Rats_of_rat)

 lemma Rats_neg_number_of [simp]: "neg_numeral w \<in> Rats"

 by (subst of_rat_neg_numeral_eq [symmetric], rule Rats_of_rat)

 lemma Rats_0 [simp]: "0 \<in> Rats"

 apply (unfold Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_0 [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_1 [simp]: "1 \<in> Rats"

 apply (unfold Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_1 [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_add [simp]: "\<lbrakk>a \<in> Rats; b \<in> Rats\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> a + b \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_add [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_minus [simp]: "a \<in> Rats \<Longrightarrow> - a \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_minus [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_diff [simp]: "\<lbrakk>a \<in> Rats; b \<in> Rats\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> a - b \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_diff [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_mult [simp]: "\<lbrakk>a \<in> Rats; b \<in> Rats\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> a * b \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_mult [symmetric])

 done

 lemma nonzero_Rats_inverse:

   fixes a :: "'a::field_char_0"

   shows "\<lbrakk>a \<in> Rats; a \<noteq> 0\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> inverse a \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (erule nonzero_of_rat_inverse [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_inverse [simp]:

   fixes a :: "'a::{field_char_0, field_inverse_zero}"

   shows "a \<in> Rats \<Longrightarrow> inverse a \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_inverse [symmetric])

 done

 lemma nonzero_Rats_divide:

   fixes a b :: "'a::field_char_0"

   shows "\<lbrakk>a \<in> Rats; b \<in> Rats; b \<noteq> 0\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> a / b \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (erule nonzero_of_rat_divide [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_divide [simp]:

   fixes a b :: "'a::{field_char_0, field_inverse_zero}"

   shows "\<lbrakk>a \<in> Rats; b \<in> Rats\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> a / b \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_divide [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_power [simp]:

   fixes a :: "'a::field_char_0"

   shows "a \<in> Rats \<Longrightarrow> a ^ n \<in> Rats"

 apply (auto simp add: Rats_def)

 apply (rule range_eqI)

 apply (rule of_rat_power [symmetric])

 done

 lemma Rats_cases [cases set: Rats]:

   assumes "q \<in> \<rat>"

   obtains (of_rat) r where "q = of_rat r"

 proof -

   from `q \<in> \<rat>` have "q \<in> range of_rat" unfolding Rats_def .

   then obtain r where "q = of_rat r" ..

   then show thesis ..

 qed

 lemma Rats_induct [case_names of_rat, induct set: Rats]:

   "q \<in> \<rat> \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>r. P (of_rat r)) \<Longrightarrow> P q"

   by (rule Rats_cases) auto

 subsection {* Implementation of rational numbers as pairs of integers *}

 text {* Formal constructor *}

 definition Frct :: "int \<times> int \<Rightarrow> rat" where

   [simp]: "Frct p = Fract (fst p) (snd p)"

 lemma [code abstype]:

   "Frct (quotient_of q) = q"

   by (cases q) (auto intro: quotient_of_eq)

 text {* Numerals *}

 declare quotient_of_Fract [code abstract]

 definition of_int :: "int \<Rightarrow> rat"

 where

   [code_abbrev]: "of_int = Int.of_int"

 hide_const (open) of_int

 lemma quotient_of_int [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (Rat.of_int a) = (a, 1)"

   by (simp add: of_int_def of_int_rat quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma [code_unfold]:

   "numeral k = Rat.of_int (numeral k)"

   by (simp add: Rat.of_int_def)

 lemma [code_unfold]:

   "neg_numeral k = Rat.of_int (neg_numeral k)"

   by (simp add: Rat.of_int_def)

 lemma Frct_code_post [code_post]:

   "Frct (0, a) = 0"

   "Frct (a, 0) = 0"

   "Frct (1, 1) = 1"

   "Frct (numeral k, 1) = numeral k"

   "Frct (neg_numeral k, 1) = neg_numeral k"

   "Frct (1, numeral k) = 1 / numeral k"

   "Frct (1, neg_numeral k) = 1 / neg_numeral k"

   "Frct (numeral k, numeral l) = numeral k / numeral l"

   "Frct (numeral k, neg_numeral l) = numeral k / neg_numeral l"

   "Frct (neg_numeral k, numeral l) = neg_numeral k / numeral l"

   "Frct (neg_numeral k, neg_numeral l) = neg_numeral k / neg_numeral l"

   by (simp_all add: Fract_of_int_quotient)

 text {* Operations *}

 lemma rat_zero_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of 0 = (0, 1)"

   by (simp add: Zero_rat_def quotient_of_Fract normalize_def)

 lemma rat_one_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of 1 = (1, 1)"

   by (simp add: One_rat_def quotient_of_Fract normalize_def)

 lemma rat_plus_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (p + q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q

      in normalize (a * d + b * c, c * d))"

   by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma rat_uminus_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (- p) = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in (- a, b))"

   by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma rat_minus_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (p - q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q

      in normalize (a * d - b * c, c * d))"

   by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma rat_times_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (p * q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q

      in normalize (a * b, c * d))"

   by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma rat_inverse_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (inverse p) = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p

     in if a = 0 then (0, 1) else (sgn a * b, \<bar>a\<bar>))"

 proof (cases p)

   case (Fract a b) then show ?thesis

     by (cases "0::int" a rule: linorder_cases) (simp_all add: quotient_of_Fract gcd_int.commute)

 qed

 lemma rat_divide_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (p / q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q

      in normalize (a * d, c * b))"

   by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma rat_abs_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of \<bar>p\<bar> = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in (\<bar>a\<bar>, b))"

   by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)

 lemma rat_sgn_code [code abstract]:

   "quotient_of (sgn p) = (sgn (fst (quotient_of p)), 1)"

 proof (cases p)

   case (Fract a b) then show ?thesis

   by (cases "0::int" a rule: linorder_cases) (simp_all add: quotient_of_Fract)

 qed

 lemma rat_floor_code [code]:

   "floor p = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in a div b)"

 by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract floor_Fract)

 instantiation rat :: equal

 begin

 definition [code]:

   "HOL.equal a b \<longleftrightarrow> quotient_of a = quotient_of b"

 instance proof

 qed (simp add: equal_rat_def quotient_of_inject_eq)

 lemma rat_eq_refl [code nbe]:

   "HOL.equal (r::rat) r \<longleftrightarrow> True"

   by (rule equal_refl)

 end

 lemma rat_less_eq_code [code]:

   "p \<le> q \<longleftrightarrow> (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in a * d \<le> c * b)"

   by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract mult.commute)

 lemma rat_less_code [code]:

   "p < q \<longleftrightarrow> (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in a * d < c * b)"

   by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract mult.commute)

 lemma [code]:

   "of_rat p = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in of_int a / of_int b)"

   by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract of_rat_rat)

 text {* Quickcheck *}

 definition (in term_syntax)

   valterm_fract :: "int \<times> (unit \<Rightarrow> Code_Evaluation.term) \<Rightarrow> int \<times> (unit \<Rightarrow> Code_Evaluation.term) \<Rightarrow> rat \<times> (unit \<Rightarrow> Code_Evaluation.term)" where

   [code_unfold]: "valterm_fract k l = Code_Evaluation.valtermify Fract {\<cdot>} k {\<cdot>} l"

 notation fcomp (infixl "\<circ>>" 60)

 notation scomp (infixl "\<circ>\<rightarrow>" 60)

 instantiation rat :: random

 begin

 definition

   "Quickcheck.random i = Quickcheck.random i \<circ>\<rightarrow> (\<lambda>num. Random.range i \<circ>\<rightarrow> (\<lambda>denom. Pair (

      let j = Code_Numeral.int_of (denom + 1)

      in valterm_fract num (j, \<lambda>u. Code_Evaluation.term_of j))))"

 instance ..

 end

 no_notation fcomp (infixl "\<circ>>" 60)

 no_notation scomp (infixl "\<circ>\<rightarrow>" 60)

 instantiation rat :: exhaustive

 begin

 definition

   "exhaustive_rat f d = Quickcheck_Exhaustive.exhaustive (%l. Quickcheck_Exhaustive.exhaustive (%k. f (Fract k (Code_Numeral.int_of l + 1))) d) d"

 instance ..

 end

 instantiation rat :: full_exhaustive

 begin

 definition

   "full_exhaustive_rat f d = Quickcheck_Exhaustive.full_exhaustive (%(l, _). Quickcheck_Exhaustive.full_exhaustive (%k.

      f (let j = Code_Numeral.int_of l + 1

         in valterm_fract k (j, %_. Code_Evaluation.term_of j))) d) d"

 instance ..

 end

 instantiation rat :: partial_term_of

 begin

 instance ..

 end

 lemma [code]:

   "partial_term_of (ty :: rat itself) (Quickcheck_Narrowing.Narrowing_variable p tt) == Code_Evaluation.Free (STR ''_'') (Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Rat.rat'') [])"

   "partial_term_of (ty :: rat itself) (Quickcheck_Narrowing.Narrowing_constructor 0 [l, k]) ==

      Code_Evaluation.App (Code_Evaluation.Const (STR ''Rat.Frct'')

      (Typerep.Typerep (STR ''fun'') [Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Product_Type.prod'') [Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Int.int'') [], Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Int.int'') []],

         Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Rat.rat'') []])) (Code_Evaluation.App (Code_Evaluation.App (Code_Evaluation.Const (STR ''Product_Type.Pair'') (Typerep.Typerep (STR ''fun'') [Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Int.int'') [], Typerep.Typerep (STR ''fun'') [Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Int.int'') [], Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Product_Type.prod'') [Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Int.int'') [], Typerep.Typerep (STR ''Int.int'') []]]])) (partial_term_of (TYPE(int)) l)) (partial_term_of (TYPE(int)) k))"

 by (rule partial_term_of_anything)+

 instantiation rat :: narrowing

 begin

 definition

   "narrowing = Quickcheck_Narrowing.apply (Quickcheck_Narrowing.apply

     (Quickcheck_Narrowing.cons (%nom denom. Fract nom denom)) narrowing) narrowing"

 instance ..

 end

 subsection {* Setup for Nitpick *}

 declaration {*

   Nitpick_HOL.register_frac_type @{type_name rat}

    [(@{const_name zero_rat_inst.zero_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.zero_frac}),

     (@{const_name one_rat_inst.one_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.one_frac}),

     (@{const_name plus_rat_inst.plus_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.plus_frac}),

     (@{const_name times_rat_inst.times_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.times_frac}),

     (@{const_name uminus_rat_inst.uminus_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.uminus_frac}),

     (@{const_name inverse_rat_inst.inverse_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.inverse_frac}),

     (@{const_name ord_rat_inst.less_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.less_frac}),

     (@{const_name ord_rat_inst.less_eq_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.less_eq_frac}),

     (@{const_name field_char_0_class.of_rat}, @{const_name Nitpick.of_frac})]

 *}

 lemmas [nitpick_unfold] = inverse_rat_inst.inverse_rat

   one_rat_inst.one_rat ord_rat_inst.less_rat

   ord_rat_inst.less_eq_rat plus_rat_inst.plus_rat times_rat_inst.times_rat

   uminus_rat_inst.uminus_rat zero_rat_inst.zero_rat

 subsection{* Float syntax *}

 syntax "_Float" :: "float_const \<Rightarrow> 'a"    ("_")

 use "Tools/float_syntax.ML"

 setup Float_Syntax.setup

 text{* Test: *}

 lemma "123.456 = -111.111 + 200 + 30 + 4 + 5/10 + 6/100 + (7/1000::rat)"

 by simp

 hide_const (open) normalize positive

 lemmas [transfer_rule del] =

   rat.All_transfer rat.Ex_transfer rat.rel_eq_transfer forall_rat_transfer

   Fract.transfer zero_rat.transfer one_rat.transfer plus_rat.transfer

   uminus_rat.transfer times_rat.transfer inverse_rat.transfer

   positive.transfer of_rat.transfer

 text {* De-register @{text "rat"} as a quotient type: *}

 declare Quotient_rat[quot_del]

 end