(*  Title:      HOL/Integ/cooper_proof.ML

     ID:         $Id$

     Author:     Amine Chaieb and Tobias Nipkow, TU Muenchen

 File containing the implementation of the proof

 generation for Cooper Algorithm

 *)

 signature COOPER_PROOF =

 sig

   val qe_Not : thm

   val qe_conjI : thm

   val qe_disjI : thm

   val qe_impI : thm

   val qe_eqI : thm

   val qe_exI : thm

   val list_to_set : typ -> term list -> term

   val qe_get_terms : thm -> term * term

   val cooper_prv  : Sign.sg -> term -> term -> thm

   val cooper_prv2 : Sign.sg -> term -> term -> thm

   val proof_of_evalc : Sign.sg -> term -> thm

   val proof_of_cnnf : Sign.sg -> term -> (term -> thm) -> thm

   val proof_of_linform : Sign.sg -> string list -> term -> thm

   val proof_of_adjustcoeffeq : Sign.sg -> term -> int -> term -> thm

   val prove_elementar : Sign.sg -> string -> term -> thm

   val thm_of : Sign.sg -> (term -> (term list * (thm list -> thm))) -> term -> thm

 end;

 structure CooperProof : COOPER_PROOF =

 struct

 open CooperDec;

 (*

 val presburger_ss = simpset_of (theory "Presburger")

   addsimps [zdiff_def] delsimps [symmetric zdiff_def];

 *)

 val presburger_ss = simpset_of (theory "Presburger")

   addsimps[diff_int_def] delsimps [thm"diff_int_def_symmetric"];

 val cboolT = ctyp_of (sign_of HOL.thy) HOLogic.boolT;

 (*Theorems that will be used later for the proofgeneration*)

 val zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0 = thm "zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0";

 val unity_coeff_ex = thm "unity_coeff_ex";

 (* Thorems for proving the adjustment of the coeffitients*)

 val ac_lt_eq =  thm "ac_lt_eq";

 val ac_eq_eq = thm "ac_eq_eq";

 val ac_dvd_eq = thm "ac_dvd_eq";

 val ac_pi_eq = thm "ac_pi_eq";

 (* The logical compination of the sythetised properties*)

 val qe_Not = thm "qe_Not";

 val qe_conjI = thm "qe_conjI";

 val qe_disjI = thm "qe_disjI";

 val qe_impI = thm "qe_impI";

 val qe_eqI = thm "qe_eqI";

 val qe_exI = thm "qe_exI";

 val qe_ALLI = thm "qe_ALLI";

 (*Modulo D property for Pminusinf an Plusinf *)

 val fm_modd_minf = thm "fm_modd_minf";

 val not_dvd_modd_minf = thm "not_dvd_modd_minf";

 val dvd_modd_minf = thm "dvd_modd_minf";

 val fm_modd_pinf = thm "fm_modd_pinf";

 val not_dvd_modd_pinf = thm "not_dvd_modd_pinf";

 val dvd_modd_pinf = thm "dvd_modd_pinf";

 (* the minusinfinity proprty*)

 val fm_eq_minf = thm "fm_eq_minf";

 val neq_eq_minf = thm "neq_eq_minf";

 val eq_eq_minf = thm "eq_eq_minf";

 val le_eq_minf = thm "le_eq_minf";

 val len_eq_minf = thm "len_eq_minf";

 val not_dvd_eq_minf = thm "not_dvd_eq_minf";

 val dvd_eq_minf = thm "dvd_eq_minf";

 (* the Plusinfinity proprty*)

 val fm_eq_pinf = thm "fm_eq_pinf";

 val neq_eq_pinf = thm "neq_eq_pinf";

 val eq_eq_pinf = thm "eq_eq_pinf";

 val le_eq_pinf = thm "le_eq_pinf";

 val len_eq_pinf = thm "len_eq_pinf";

 val not_dvd_eq_pinf = thm "not_dvd_eq_pinf";

 val dvd_eq_pinf = thm "dvd_eq_pinf";

 (*Logical construction of the Property*)

 val eq_minf_conjI = thm "eq_minf_conjI";

 val eq_minf_disjI = thm "eq_minf_disjI";

 val modd_minf_disjI = thm "modd_minf_disjI";

 val modd_minf_conjI = thm "modd_minf_conjI";

 val eq_pinf_conjI = thm "eq_pinf_conjI";

 val eq_pinf_disjI = thm "eq_pinf_disjI";

 val modd_pinf_disjI = thm "modd_pinf_disjI";

 val modd_pinf_conjI = thm "modd_pinf_conjI";

 (*Cooper Backwards...*)

 (*Bset*)

 val not_bst_p_fm = thm "not_bst_p_fm";

 val not_bst_p_ne = thm "not_bst_p_ne";

 val not_bst_p_eq = thm "not_bst_p_eq";

 val not_bst_p_gt = thm "not_bst_p_gt";

 val not_bst_p_lt = thm "not_bst_p_lt";

 val not_bst_p_ndvd = thm "not_bst_p_ndvd";

 val not_bst_p_dvd = thm "not_bst_p_dvd";

 (*Aset*)

 val not_ast_p_fm = thm "not_ast_p_fm";

 val not_ast_p_ne = thm "not_ast_p_ne";

 val not_ast_p_eq = thm "not_ast_p_eq";

 val not_ast_p_gt = thm "not_ast_p_gt";

 val not_ast_p_lt = thm "not_ast_p_lt";

 val not_ast_p_ndvd = thm "not_ast_p_ndvd";

 val not_ast_p_dvd = thm "not_ast_p_dvd";

 (*Logical construction of the prop*)

 (*Bset*)

 val not_bst_p_conjI = thm "not_bst_p_conjI";

 val not_bst_p_disjI = thm "not_bst_p_disjI";

 val not_bst_p_Q_elim = thm "not_bst_p_Q_elim";

 (*Aset*)

 val not_ast_p_conjI = thm "not_ast_p_conjI";

 val not_ast_p_disjI = thm "not_ast_p_disjI";

 val not_ast_p_Q_elim = thm "not_ast_p_Q_elim";

 (*Cooper*)

 val cppi_eq = thm "cppi_eq";

 val cpmi_eq = thm "cpmi_eq";

 (*Others*)

 val simp_from_to = thm "simp_from_to";

 val P_eqtrue = thm "P_eqtrue";

 val P_eqfalse = thm "P_eqfalse";

 (*For Proving NNF*)

 val nnf_nn = thm "nnf_nn";

 val nnf_im = thm "nnf_im";

 val nnf_eq = thm "nnf_eq";

 val nnf_sdj = thm "nnf_sdj";

 val nnf_ncj = thm "nnf_ncj";

 val nnf_nim = thm "nnf_nim";

 val nnf_neq = thm "nnf_neq";

 val nnf_ndj = thm "nnf_ndj";

 (*For Proving term linearizition*)

 val linearize_dvd = thm "linearize_dvd";

 val lf_lt = thm "lf_lt";

 val lf_eq = thm "lf_eq";

 val lf_dvd = thm "lf_dvd";

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (*This function norm_zero_one  replaces the occurences of Numeral1 and Numeral0*)

 (*Respectively by their abstract representation Const("1",..) and COnst("0",..)*)

 (*this is necessary because the theorems use this representation.*)

 (* This function should be elminated in next versions...*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun norm_zero_one fm = case fm of

   (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ t) => 

     if c = one then (norm_zero_one t)

     else if (dest_numeral c = ~1) 

          then (Const("uminus",HOLogic.intT --> HOLogic.intT) $ (norm_zero_one t))

          else (HOLogic.mk_binop "op *" (norm_zero_one c,norm_zero_one t))

   |(node $ rest) => ((norm_zero_one node)$(norm_zero_one rest))

   |(Abs(x,T,p)) => (Abs(x,T,(norm_zero_one p)))

   |_ => fm;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (*function list to Set, constructs a set containing all elements of a given list.*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun list_to_set T1 l = let val T = (HOLogic.mk_setT T1) in 

 	case l of 

 		[] => Const ("{}",T)

 		|(h::t) => Const("insert", T1 --> (T --> T)) $ h $(list_to_set T1 t)

 		end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (* Returns both sides of an equvalence in the theorem*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun qe_get_terms th = let val (_$(Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("bool", []),_])) $ A $ B )) = prop_of th in (A,B) end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (* Modified version of the simple version with minimal amount of checking and postprocessing*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun simple_prove_goal_cterm2 G tacs =

   let

     fun check None = error "prove_goal: tactic failed"

       | check (Some (thm, _)) = (case nprems_of thm of

             0 => thm

           | i => !result_error_fn thm (string_of_int i ^ " unsolved goals!"))

   in check (Seq.pull (EVERY tacs (trivial G))) end;

 (*-------------------------------------------------------------*)

 (*-------------------------------------------------------------*)

 fun cert_Trueprop sg t = cterm_of sg (HOLogic.mk_Trueprop t);

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (*This function proove elementar will be used to generate proofs at runtime*)

 (*It is is based on the isabelle function proove_goalw_cterm and is thought to *)

 (*prove properties such as a dvd b (essentially) that are only to make at

 runtime.*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun prove_elementar sg s fm2 = case s of 

   (*"ss" like simplification with simpset*)

   "ss" =>

     let

       val ss = presburger_ss addsimps

         [zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0,unity_coeff_ex]

       val ct =  cert_Trueprop sg fm2

     in 

       simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct [simp_tac ss 1, TRY (simple_arith_tac 1)] 

     end

   (*"bl" like blast tactic*)

   (* Is only used in the harrisons like proof procedure *)

   | "bl" =>

      let val ct = cert_Trueprop sg fm2

      in

        simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct [blast_tac HOL_cs 1]

      end

   (*"ed" like Existence disjunctions ...*)

   (* Is only used in the harrisons like proof procedure *)

   | "ed" =>

     let

       val ex_disj_tacs =

         let

           val tac1 = EVERY[REPEAT(resolve_tac [disjI1,disjI2] 1), etac exI 1]

           val tac2 = EVERY[etac exE 1, rtac exI 1,

             REPEAT(resolve_tac [disjI1,disjI2] 1), assumption 1]

 	in [rtac iffI 1,

           etac exE 1, REPEAT(EVERY[etac disjE 1, tac1]), tac1,

           REPEAT(EVERY[etac disjE 1, tac2]), tac2]

         end

       val ct = cert_Trueprop sg fm2

     in 

       simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct ex_disj_tacs

     end

   | "fa" =>

     let val ct = cert_Trueprop sg fm2

     in simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct [simple_arith_tac 1]  

     end

   | "sa" =>

     let

       val ss = presburger_ss addsimps zadd_ac

       val ct = cert_Trueprop sg fm2

     in 

       simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct [simp_tac ss 1, TRY (simple_arith_tac 1)]  

     end

   (* like Existance Conjunction *)

   | "ec" =>

     let

       val ss = presburger_ss addsimps zadd_ac

       val ct = cert_Trueprop sg fm2

     in 

       simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct [simp_tac ss 1, TRY (blast_tac HOL_cs 1)]

     end

   | "ac" =>

     let

       val ss = HOL_basic_ss addsimps zadd_ac

       val ct = cert_Trueprop sg fm2

     in 

       simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct [simp_tac ss 1]

     end

   | "lf" =>

     let

       val ss = presburger_ss addsimps zadd_ac

       val ct = cert_Trueprop sg fm2

     in 

       simple_prove_goal_cterm2 ct [simp_tac ss 1, TRY (simple_arith_tac 1)]  

     end;

 (*=============================================================*)

 (*-------------------------------------------------------------*)

 (*              The new compact model                          *)

 (*-------------------------------------------------------------*)

 (*=============================================================*)

 fun thm_of sg decomp t = 

     let val (ts,recomb) = decomp t 

     in recomb (map (thm_of sg decomp) ts) 

     end;

 (*==================================================*)

 (*     Compact Version for adjustcoeffeq            *)

 (*==================================================*)

 fun decomp_adjustcoeffeq sg x l fm = case fm of

     (Const("Not",_)$(Const("op <",_) $(Const("0",_)) $(rt as (Const ("op +", _)$(Const ("op *",_) $    c $ y ) $z )))) => 

      let  

         val m = l div (dest_numeral c) 

         val n = if (x = y) then abs (m) else 1

         val xtm = (HOLogic.mk_binop "op *" ((mk_numeral ((m div n)*l) ), x)) 

         val rs = if (x = y) 

                  then (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (zero,linear_sub [] (mk_numeral n) (HOLogic.mk_binop "op +" ( xtm ,( linear_cmul n z) )))) 

                  else HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (zero,linear_sub [] one rt )

         val ck = cterm_of sg (mk_numeral n)

         val cc = cterm_of sg c

         val ct = cterm_of sg z

         val cx = cterm_of sg y

         val pre = prove_elementar sg "lf" 

             (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),(mk_numeral n)))

         val th1 = (pre RS (instantiate' [] [Some ck,Some cc, Some cx, Some ct] (ac_pi_eq)))

         in ([], fn [] => [th1,(prove_elementar sg "sa" (HOLogic.mk_eq (snd (qe_get_terms th1) ,rs)))] MRS trans)

         end

   |(Const(p,_) $a $( Const ("op +", _)$(Const ("op *",_) $ 

       c $ y ) $t )) => 

    if (is_arith_rel fm) andalso (x = y) 

    then  

         let val m = l div (dest_numeral c) 

            val k = (if p = "op <" then abs(m) else m)  

            val xtm = (HOLogic.mk_binop "op *" ((mk_numeral ((m div k)*l) ), x))

            val rs = (HOLogic.mk_binrel p ((linear_cmul k a),(HOLogic.mk_binop "op +" ( xtm ,( linear_cmul k t) )))) 

            val ck = cterm_of sg (mk_numeral k)

            val cc = cterm_of sg c

            val ct = cterm_of sg t

            val cx = cterm_of sg x

            val ca = cterm_of sg a

 	   in 

 	case p of

 	  "op <" => 

 	let val pre = prove_elementar sg "lf" 

 	    (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),(mk_numeral k)))

             val th1 = (pre RS (instantiate' [] [Some ck,Some ca,Some cc, Some cx, Some ct] (ac_lt_eq)))

 	in ([], fn [] => [th1,(prove_elementar sg "lf" (HOLogic.mk_eq (snd (qe_get_terms th1) ,rs)))] MRS trans)

          end

            |"op =" =>

 	     let val pre = prove_elementar sg "lf" 

 	    (HOLogic.Not $ (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),(mk_numeral k))))

 	         val th1 = (pre RS(instantiate' [] [Some ck,Some ca,Some cc, Some cx, Some ct] (ac_eq_eq)))

 	     in ([], fn [] => [th1,(prove_elementar sg "lf" (HOLogic.mk_eq (snd (qe_get_terms th1) ,rs)))] MRS trans)

              end

              |"Divides.op dvd" =>

 	       let val pre = prove_elementar sg "lf" 

 	   (HOLogic.Not $ (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),(mk_numeral k))))

                    val th1 = (pre RS (instantiate' [] [Some ck,Some ca,Some cc, Some cx, Some ct]) (ac_dvd_eq))

                in ([], fn [] => [th1,(prove_elementar sg "lf" (HOLogic.mk_eq (snd (qe_get_terms th1) ,rs)))] MRS trans)

                end

               end

   else ([], fn [] => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] refl)

  |( Const ("Not", _) $ p) => ([p], fn [th] => th RS qe_Not)

   |( Const ("op &",_) $ p $ q) => ([p,q], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_conjI)

   |( Const ("op |",_) $ p $ q) =>([p,q], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_disjI)

   |_ => ([], fn [] => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] refl);

 fun proof_of_adjustcoeffeq sg x l = thm_of sg (decomp_adjustcoeffeq sg x l);

 (*==================================================*)

 (*   Finding rho for modd_minusinfinity             *)

 (*==================================================*)

 fun rho_for_modd_minf x dlcm sg fm1 =

 let

     (*Some certified Terms*)

    val ctrue = cterm_of sg HOLogic.true_const

    val cfalse = cterm_of sg HOLogic.false_const

    val fm = norm_zero_one fm1

   in  case fm1 of 

       (Const ("Not", _) $ (Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $ (Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z))) => 

          if (x=y) andalso (c1= zero) andalso (c2= one) then (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some ctrue] (fm_modd_minf))

            else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_minf))

       |(Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z)) =>

   	   if (is_arith_rel fm) andalso (x=y) andalso (c1= zero) andalso (c2= one) 

 	   then (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some cfalse] (fm_modd_minf))

 	 	 else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_minf)) 

       |(Const("op <",_) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ pm1 $ y ) $ z )) =>

            if (y=x) andalso (c1 = zero) then 

             if (pm1 = one) then (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some cfalse] (fm_modd_minf)) else

 	     (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some ctrue] (fm_modd_minf))

 	    else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_minf))

       |Const ("Not",_) $ (Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

          if y=x then  let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 			  val fm2 = HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cz ] ((((prove_elementar sg "ss" fm2)) RS(((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1) ) RS (not_dvd_modd_minf)))

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_minf))

       |(Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (db as (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $

       c $ y ) $ z))) => 

          if y=x then  let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 			  val fm2 = HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cz ] ((((prove_elementar sg "ss" fm2)) RS (((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1) ) RS (dvd_modd_minf)))

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_minf))

    |_ => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_minf)

    end;	 

 (*=========================================================================*)

 (*=========================================================================*)

 fun rho_for_eq_minf x dlcm  sg fm1 =  

    let

    val fm = norm_zero_one fm1

     in  case fm1 of 

       (Const ("Not", _) $ (Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $ (Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z))) => 

          if  (x=y) andalso (c1=zero) andalso (c2=one) 

 	   then (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (neq_eq_minf))

            else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_minf))

       |(Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z)) =>

   	   if (is_arith_rel fm) andalso (x=y) andalso ((c1=zero) orelse (c1 = norm_zero_one zero)) andalso ((c2=one) orelse (c1 = norm_zero_one one))

 	     then (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (eq_eq_minf))

 	     else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_minf)) 

       |(Const("op <",_) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ pm1 $ y ) $ z )) =>

            if (y=x) andalso (c1 =zero) then 

             if pm1 = one then (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (le_eq_minf)) else

 	     (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (len_eq_minf))

 	    else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_minf))

       |Const ("Not",_) $ (Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

          if y=x then  let val cd = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one d)

 	 		  val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cd,  Some cz] (not_dvd_eq_minf)) 

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_minf))

       |(Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

          if y=x then  let val cd = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one d)

 	 		  val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cd, Some cz ] (dvd_eq_minf))

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_minf))

     |_ => (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_minf))

  end;

 (*=====================================================*)

 (*=====================================================*)

 (*=========== minf proofs with the compact version==========*)

 fun decomp_minf_eq x dlcm sg t =  case t of

    Const ("op &",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS eq_minf_conjI)

    |Const ("op |",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS eq_minf_disjI)

    |_ => ([],fn [] => rho_for_eq_minf x dlcm sg t);

 fun decomp_minf_modd x dlcm sg t = case t of

    Const ("op &",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS modd_minf_conjI)

    |Const ("op |",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS modd_minf_disjI)

    |_ => ([],fn [] => rho_for_modd_minf x dlcm sg t);

 (* -------------------------------------------------------------*)

 (*                    Finding rho for pinf_modd                 *)

 (* -------------------------------------------------------------*)

 fun rho_for_modd_pinf x dlcm sg fm1 = 

 let

     (*Some certified Terms*)

   val ctrue = cterm_of sg HOLogic.true_const

   val cfalse = cterm_of sg HOLogic.false_const

   val fm = norm_zero_one fm1

  in  case fm1 of 

       (Const ("Not", _) $ (Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $ (Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z))) => 

          if ((x=y) andalso (c1= zero) andalso (c2= one))

 	 then (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some ctrue] (fm_modd_pinf))

          else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_pinf))

       |(Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z)) =>

   	if ((is_arith_rel fm) andalso (x = y) andalso (c1 = zero)  andalso (c2 = one)) 

 	then (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some cfalse] (fm_modd_pinf))

 	else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_pinf))

       |(Const("op <",_) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ pm1 $ y ) $ z )) =>

         if ((y=x) andalso (c1 = zero)) then 

           if (pm1 = one) 

 	  then (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some ctrue] (fm_modd_pinf)) 

 	  else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some cfalse] (fm_modd_pinf))

 	else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_pinf))

       |Const ("Not",_) $ (Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

          if y=x then  let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 			  val fm2 = HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cz ] ((((prove_elementar sg "ss" fm2)) RS(((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1) ) RS (not_dvd_modd_pinf)))

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_pinf))

       |(Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (db as (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $

       c $ y ) $ z))) => 

          if y=x then  let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 			  val fm2 = HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cz ] ((((prove_elementar sg "ss" fm2)) RS (((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1) ) RS (dvd_modd_pinf)))

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_pinf))

    |_ => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_modd_pinf)

    end;	

 (* -------------------------------------------------------------*)

 (*                    Finding rho for pinf_eq                 *)

 (* -------------------------------------------------------------*)

 fun rho_for_eq_pinf x dlcm sg fm1 = 

   let

 					val fm = norm_zero_one fm1

     in  case fm1 of 

       (Const ("Not", _) $ (Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $ (Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z))) => 

          if  (x=y) andalso (c1=zero) andalso (c2=one) 

 	   then (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (neq_eq_pinf))

            else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_pinf))

       |(Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z)) =>

   	   if (is_arith_rel fm) andalso (x=y) andalso ((c1=zero) orelse (c1 = norm_zero_one zero)) andalso ((c2=one) orelse (c1 = norm_zero_one one))

 	     then (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (eq_eq_pinf))

 	     else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_pinf)) 

       |(Const("op <",_) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ pm1 $ y ) $ z )) =>

            if (y=x) andalso (c1 =zero) then 

             if pm1 = one then (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (le_eq_pinf)) else

 	     (instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (len_eq_pinf))

 	    else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_pinf))

       |Const ("Not",_) $ (Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

          if y=x then  let val cd = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one d)

 	 		  val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cd,  Some cz] (not_dvd_eq_pinf)) 

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_pinf))

       |(Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

          if y=x then  let val cd = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one d)

 	 		  val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	 	      in(instantiate' [] [Some cd, Some cz ] (dvd_eq_pinf))

 		      end

 		else (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_pinf))

     |_ => (instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg fm)] (fm_eq_pinf))

  end;

 fun  minf_proof_of_c sg x dlcm t =

   let val minf_eqth   = thm_of sg (decomp_minf_eq x dlcm sg) t

       val minf_moddth = thm_of sg (decomp_minf_modd x dlcm sg) t

   in (minf_eqth, minf_moddth)

 end;

 (*=========== pinf proofs with the compact version==========*)

 fun decomp_pinf_eq x dlcm sg t = case t of

    Const ("op &",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS eq_pinf_conjI)

    |Const ("op |",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS eq_pinf_disjI)

    |_ =>([],fn [] => rho_for_eq_pinf x dlcm sg t) ;

 fun decomp_pinf_modd x dlcm sg t =  case t of

    Const ("op &",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS modd_pinf_conjI)

    |Const ("op |",_) $ p $q => ([p,q],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS modd_pinf_disjI)

    |_ => ([],fn [] => rho_for_modd_pinf x dlcm sg t);

 fun  pinf_proof_of_c sg x dlcm t =

   let val pinf_eqth   = thm_of sg (decomp_pinf_eq x dlcm sg) t

       val pinf_moddth = thm_of sg (decomp_pinf_modd x dlcm sg) t

   in (pinf_eqth,pinf_moddth)

 end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (* Here we generate the theorem for the Bset Property in the simple direction*)

 (* It is just an instantiation*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (*

 fun bsetproof_of sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm bs dlcm   = 

   let

     val cp = cterm_of sg (absfree (xn,xT,(norm_zero_one fm)))

     val cdlcm = cterm_of sg dlcm

     val cB = cterm_of sg (list_to_set HOLogic.intT (map norm_zero_one bs))

   in instantiate' [] [Some cdlcm,Some cB, Some cp] (bst_thm)

 end;

 fun asetproof_of sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm ast dlcm = 

   let

     val cp = cterm_of sg (absfree (xn,xT,(norm_zero_one fm)))

     val cdlcm = cterm_of sg dlcm

     val cA = cterm_of sg (list_to_set HOLogic.intT (map norm_zero_one ast))

   in instantiate' [] [Some cdlcm,Some cA, Some cp] (ast_thm)

 end;

 *)

 (* For the generation of atomic Theorems*)

 (* Prove the premisses on runtime and then make RS*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (*========= this is rho ============*)

 fun generate_atomic_not_bst_p sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm dlcm B at = 

   let

     val cdlcm = cterm_of sg dlcm

     val cB = cterm_of sg B

     val cfma = cterm_of sg (absfree (xn,xT,(norm_zero_one fm)))

     val cat = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one at)

   in

   case at of 

    (Const ("Not", _) $ (Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $ (Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z))) => 

       if  (x=y) andalso (c1=zero) andalso (c2=one) 

 	 then let val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (Const ("op :",HOLogic.intT --> (HOLogic.mk_setT HOLogic.intT) --> HOLogic.boolT) $ (norm_zero_one (linear_cmul ~1 z)) $ B)

 	          val th2 =  prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq ((norm_zero_one (linear_cmul ~1 z)),Const("uminus",HOLogic.intT --> HOLogic.intT) $(norm_zero_one  z)))

 		  val th3 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),dlcm))

 	 in  (instantiate' [] [Some cfma]([th3,th1,th2] MRS (not_bst_p_ne)))

 	 end

          else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cB,Some cat] (not_bst_p_fm))

    |(Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", T) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z)) =>

      if (is_arith_rel at) andalso (x=y)

 	then let val bst_z = norm_zero_one (linear_neg (linear_add [] z (mk_numeral 1)))

 	         in let val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (Const ("op :",HOLogic.intT --> (HOLogic.mk_setT HOLogic.intT) --> HOLogic.boolT) $ bst_z $ B)

 	          val th2 =  prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (bst_z,Const("op -",T) $ (Const("uminus",HOLogic.intT --> HOLogic.intT) $(norm_zero_one z)) $ (Const("1",HOLogic.intT))))

 		  val th3 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),dlcm))

 	 in  (instantiate' [] [Some cfma] ([th3,th1,th2] MRS (not_bst_p_eq)))

 	 end

        end

          else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cB,Some cat] (not_bst_p_fm))

    |(Const("op <",_) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ pm1 $ y ) $ z )) =>

         if (y=x) andalso (c1 =zero) then 

         if pm1 = one then 

 	  let val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (Const ("op :",HOLogic.intT --> (HOLogic.mk_setT HOLogic.intT) --> HOLogic.boolT) $ (norm_zero_one (linear_cmul ~1 z)) $ B)

               val th2 =  prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq ((norm_zero_one (linear_cmul ~1 z)),Const("uminus",HOLogic.intT --> HOLogic.intT) $(norm_zero_one z)))

 	  in  (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm]([th1,th2] MRS (not_bst_p_gt)))

 	    end

 	 else let val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),dlcm))

 	      in (instantiate' [] [Some cfma, Some cB,Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (th1 RS (not_bst_p_lt)))

 	      end

       else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cB,Some cat] (not_bst_p_fm))

    |Const ("Not",_) $ (Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

       if y=x then  

            let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	       val th1 = (prove_elementar sg "ss"  (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero))) RS (((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1)

  	     in (instantiate' []  [Some cfma, Some cB,Some cz] (th1 RS (not_bst_p_ndvd)))

 	     end

       else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cB,Some cat] (not_bst_p_fm))

    |(Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

        if y=x then  

 	 let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	     val th1 = (prove_elementar sg "ss"  (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero))) RS (((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1)

  	    in (instantiate' []  [Some cfma,Some cB,Some cz] (th1 RS (not_bst_p_dvd)))

 	  end

       else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cB,Some cat] (not_bst_p_fm))

    |_ => (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cB,Some cat] (not_bst_p_fm))

     end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)    

 (* Main interpretation function for this backwards dirction*)

 (* if atomic do generate atomis formulae else Construct theorems and then make RS with the construction theorems*)

 (*Help Function*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (*==================== Proof with the compact version   *)

 fun decomp_nbstp sg x dlcm B fm t = case t of 

    Const("op &",_) $ ls $ rs => ([ls,rs],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS not_bst_p_conjI )

   |Const("op |",_) $ ls $ rs => ([ls,rs],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS not_bst_p_disjI)

   |_ => ([], fn [] => generate_atomic_not_bst_p sg x fm dlcm B t);

 fun not_bst_p_proof_of_c sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm dlcm B t =

   let 

        val th =  thm_of sg (decomp_nbstp sg x dlcm (list_to_set xT (map norm_zero_one B)) fm) t

       val fma = absfree (xn,xT, norm_zero_one fm)

   in let val th1 =  prove_elementar sg "ss"  (HOLogic.mk_eq (fma,fma))

      in [th,th1] MRS (not_bst_p_Q_elim)

      end

   end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)    

 (* Protokol interpretation function for the backwards direction for cooper's Theorem*)

 (* For the generation of atomic Theorems*)

 (* Prove the premisses on runtime and then make RS*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (*========= this is rho ============*)

 fun generate_atomic_not_ast_p sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm dlcm A at = 

   let

     val cdlcm = cterm_of sg dlcm

     val cA = cterm_of sg A

     val cfma = cterm_of sg (absfree (xn,xT,(norm_zero_one fm)))

     val cat = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one at)

   in

   case at of 

    (Const ("Not", _) $ (Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $ (Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z))) => 

       if  (x=y) andalso (c1=zero) andalso (c2=one) 

 	 then let val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (Const ("op :",HOLogic.intT --> (HOLogic.mk_setT HOLogic.intT) --> HOLogic.boolT) $ (norm_zero_one (linear_cmul ~1 z)) $ A)

 	          val th2 =  prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq ((norm_zero_one (linear_cmul ~1 z)),Const("uminus",HOLogic.intT --> HOLogic.intT) $(norm_zero_one  z)))

 		  val th3 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),dlcm))

 	 in  (instantiate' [] [Some cfma]([th3,th1,th2] MRS (not_ast_p_ne)))

 	 end

          else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cA,Some cat] (not_ast_p_fm))

    |(Const("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("IntDef.int", []),_])) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", T) $(Const ("op *",_) $ c2 $ y) $z)) =>

      if (is_arith_rel at) andalso (x=y)

 	then let val ast_z = norm_zero_one (linear_sub [] one z )

 	         val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (Const ("op :",HOLogic.intT --> (HOLogic.mk_setT HOLogic.intT) --> HOLogic.boolT) $ ast_z $ A)

 	         val th2 =  prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (ast_z,Const("op +",T) $ (Const("uminus",HOLogic.intT --> HOLogic.intT) $(norm_zero_one z)) $ (Const("1",HOLogic.intT))))

 		 val th3 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),dlcm))

 	 in  (instantiate' [] [Some cfma] ([th3,th1,th2] MRS (not_ast_p_eq)))

        end

          else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cA,Some cat] (not_ast_p_fm))

    |(Const("op <",_) $ c1 $(Const ("op +", _) $(Const ("op *",_) $ pm1 $ y ) $ z )) =>

         if (y=x) andalso (c1 =zero) then 

         if pm1 = (mk_numeral ~1) then 

 	  let val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (Const ("op :",HOLogic.intT --> (HOLogic.mk_setT HOLogic.intT) --> HOLogic.boolT) $ (norm_zero_one z) $ A)

               val th2 =  prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (zero,dlcm))

 	  in  (instantiate' [] [Some cfma]([th2,th1] MRS (not_ast_p_lt)))

 	    end

 	 else let val th1 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (Const("0",HOLogic.intT),dlcm))

 	      in (instantiate' [] [Some cfma, Some cA,Some (cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z))] (th1 RS (not_ast_p_gt)))

 	      end

       else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cA,Some cat] (not_ast_p_fm))

    |Const ("Not",_) $ (Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

       if y=x then  

            let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	       val th1 = (prove_elementar sg "ss"  (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero))) RS (((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1)

  	     in (instantiate' []  [Some cfma, Some cA,Some cz] (th1 RS (not_ast_p_ndvd)))

 	     end

       else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cA,Some cat] (not_ast_p_fm))

    |(Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$ d $ (Const ("op +",_) $ (Const ("op *",_) $ c $ y ) $ z)) => 

        if y=x then  

 	 let val cz = cterm_of sg (norm_zero_one z)

 	     val th1 = (prove_elementar sg "ss"  (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op =" (HOLogic.mk_binop "Divides.op mod" (dlcm,d),norm_zero_one zero))) RS (((zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)RS sym) RS iffD1)

  	    in (instantiate' []  [Some cfma,Some cA,Some cz] (th1 RS (not_ast_p_dvd)))

 	  end

       else (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cA,Some cat] (not_ast_p_fm))

    |_ => (instantiate' [] [Some cfma,  Some cdlcm, Some cA,Some cat] (not_ast_p_fm))

     end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ *)

 (* Main interpretation function for this backwards dirction*)

 (* if atomic do generate atomis formulae else Construct theorems and then make RS with the construction theorems*)

 (*Help Function*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun decomp_nastp sg x dlcm A fm t = case t of 

    Const("op &",_) $ ls $ rs => ([ls,rs],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS not_ast_p_conjI )

   |Const("op |",_) $ ls $ rs => ([ls,rs],fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS not_ast_p_disjI)

   |_ => ([], fn [] => generate_atomic_not_ast_p sg x fm dlcm A t);

 fun not_ast_p_proof_of_c sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm dlcm A t =

   let 

        val th =  thm_of sg (decomp_nastp sg x dlcm (list_to_set xT (map norm_zero_one A)) fm) t

       val fma = absfree (xn,xT, norm_zero_one fm)

   in let val th1 =  prove_elementar sg "ss"  (HOLogic.mk_eq (fma,fma))

      in [th,th1] MRS (not_ast_p_Q_elim)

      end

   end;

 (* -------------------------------*)

 (* Finding rho and beta for evalc *)

 (* -------------------------------*)

 fun rho_for_evalc sg at = case at of  

     (Const (p,_) $ s $ t) =>(  

     case assoc (operations,p) of 

         Some f => 

            ((if (f ((dest_numeral s),(dest_numeral t))) 

              then prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq(at,HOLogic.true_const)) 

              else prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq(at, HOLogic.false_const)))  

 		   handle _ => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg at)] refl)

         | _ => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg at)] refl )

      |Const("Not",_)$(Const (p,_) $ s $ t) =>(  

        case assoc (operations,p) of 

          Some f => 

            ((if (f ((dest_numeral s),(dest_numeral t))) 

              then prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq(at, HOLogic.false_const))  

              else prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq(at,HOLogic.true_const)))  

 		      handle _ => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg at)] refl) 

          | _ => instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg at)] refl ) 

      | _ =>   instantiate' [Some cboolT] [Some (cterm_of sg at)] refl;

 (*=========================================================*)

 fun decomp_evalc sg t = case t of

    (Const("op &",_)$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_conjI)

    |(Const("op |",_)$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_disjI)

    |(Const("op -->",_)$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_impI)

    |(Const("op =", Type ("fun",[Type ("bool", []),_]))$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_eqI)

    |_ => ([], fn [] => rho_for_evalc sg t);

 fun proof_of_evalc sg fm = thm_of sg (decomp_evalc sg) fm;

 (*==================================================*)

 (*     Proof of linform with the compact model      *)

 (*==================================================*)

 fun decomp_linform sg vars t = case t of

    (Const("op &",_)$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_conjI)

    |(Const("op |",_)$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_disjI)

    |(Const("op -->",_)$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_impI)

    |(Const("op =", Type ("fun",[Type ("bool", []),_]))$A$B) => ([A,B], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_eqI)

    |(Const("Not",_)$p) => ([p],fn [th] => th RS qe_Not)

    |(Const("Divides.op dvd",_)$d$r) => ([], fn [] => (prove_elementar sg "lf" (HOLogic.mk_eq (r, lint vars r))) RS (instantiate' [] [None , None, Some (cterm_of sg d)](linearize_dvd)))

    |_ => ([], fn [] => prove_elementar sg "lf" (HOLogic.mk_eq (t, linform vars t)));

 fun proof_of_linform sg vars f = thm_of sg (decomp_linform sg vars) f;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (* Interpretaion of Protocols of the cooper procedure : minusinfinity version*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun coopermi_proof_of sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm B dlcm =

   (* Get the Bset thm*)

   let val (minf_eqth, minf_moddth) = minf_proof_of_c sg x dlcm fm 

       val dpos = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (zero,dlcm));

       val nbstpthm = not_bst_p_proof_of_c sg x fm dlcm B fm

   in (dpos,minf_eqth,nbstpthm,minf_moddth)

 end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (* Interpretaion of Protocols of the cooper procedure : plusinfinity version *)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun cooperpi_proof_of sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) fm A dlcm =

   let val (pinf_eqth,pinf_moddth) = pinf_proof_of_c sg x dlcm fm

       val dpos = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_binrel "op <" (zero,dlcm));

       val nastpthm = not_ast_p_proof_of_c sg x fm dlcm A fm

   in (dpos,pinf_eqth,nastpthm,pinf_moddth)

 end;

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (* Interpretaion of Protocols of the cooper procedure : full version*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun cooper_thm sg s (x as Free(xn,xT)) cfm dlcm ast bst= case s of

   "pi" => let val (dpsthm,pinf_eqth,nbpth,pinf_moddth) = cooperpi_proof_of sg x cfm ast dlcm 

 	      in [dpsthm,pinf_eqth,nbpth,pinf_moddth] MRS (cppi_eq)

            end

   |"mi" => let val (dpsthm,minf_eqth,nbpth,minf_moddth) = coopermi_proof_of sg x cfm bst dlcm

 	       in [dpsthm,minf_eqth,nbpth,minf_moddth] MRS (cpmi_eq)

                 end

  |_ => error "parameter error";

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 (* This function should evoluate to the end prove Procedure for one quantifier elimination for Presburger arithmetic*)

 (* It shoud be plugged in the qfnp argument of the quantifier elimination proof function*)

 (* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)

 fun cooper_prv sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) efm = let 

    (* lfm_thm : efm = linearized form of efm*)

    val lfm_thm = proof_of_linform sg [xn] efm

    (*efm2 is the linearized form of efm *) 

    val efm2 = snd(qe_get_terms lfm_thm)

    (* l is the lcm of all coefficients of x *)

    val l = formlcm x efm2

    (*ac_thm: efm = efm2 with adjusted coefficients of x *)

    val ac_thm = [lfm_thm , (proof_of_adjustcoeffeq sg x l efm2)] MRS trans

    (* fm is efm2 with adjusted coefficients of x *)

    val fm = snd (qe_get_terms ac_thm)

   (* cfm is l dvd x & fm' where fm' is fm where l*x is replaced by x*)

    val  cfm = unitycoeff x fm

    (*afm is fm where c*x is replaced by 1*x or -1*x *)

    val afm = adjustcoeff x l fm

    (* P = %x.afm*)

    val P = absfree(xn,xT,afm)

    (* This simpset allows the elimination of the sets in bex {1..d} *)

    val ss = presburger_ss addsimps

      [simp_from_to] delsimps [P_eqtrue, P_eqfalse, bex_triv, insert_iff]

    (* uth : EX x.P(l*x) = EX x. l dvd x & P x*)

    val uth = instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg P) , Some (cterm_of sg (mk_numeral l))] (unity_coeff_ex)

    (* e_ac_thm : Ex x. efm = EX x. fm*)

    val e_ac_thm = (forall_intr (cterm_of sg x) ac_thm) COMP (qe_exI)

    (* A and B set of the formula*)

    val A = aset x cfm

    val B = bset x cfm

    (* the divlcm (delta) of the formula*)

    val dlcm = mk_numeral (divlcm x cfm)

    (* Which set is smaller to generate the (hoepfully) shorter proof*)

    val cms = if ((length A) < (length B )) then "pi" else "mi"

    (* synthesize the proof of cooper's theorem*)

     (* cp_thm: EX x. cfm = Q*)

    val cp_thm = cooper_thm sg cms x cfm dlcm A B

    (* Exxpand the right hand side to get rid of EX j : {1..d} to get a huge disjunction*)

    (* exp_cp_thm: EX x.cfm = Q' , where Q' is a simplified version of Q*)

    val exp_cp_thm = refl RS (simplify ss (cp_thm RSN (2,trans)))

    (* lsuth = EX.P(l*x) ; rsuth = EX x. l dvd x & P x*)

    val (lsuth,rsuth) = qe_get_terms (uth)

    (* lseacth = EX x. efm; rseacth = EX x. fm*)

    val (lseacth,rseacth) = qe_get_terms(e_ac_thm)

    (* lscth = EX x. cfm; rscth = Q' *)

    val (lscth,rscth) = qe_get_terms (exp_cp_thm)

    (* u_c_thm: EX x. P(l*x) = Q'*)

    val  u_c_thm = [([uth,prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (rsuth,lscth))] MRS trans),exp_cp_thm] MRS trans

    (* result: EX x. efm = Q'*)

  in  ([e_ac_thm,[(prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (rseacth,lsuth))),u_c_thm] MRS trans] MRS trans)

    end

 |cooper_prv _ _ _ =  error "Parameters format";

 (* ********************************** *)

 (* cooper_prv2 is just copy and paste *)

 (* And only generates proof with      *)

 (* bset and minusinfity               *)

 (* ********************************** *)

 fun cooper_prv2 sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) efm = let 

    (* lfm_thm : efm = linearized form of efm*)

    val lfm_thm = proof_of_linform sg [xn] efm

    (*efm2 is the linearized form of efm *) 

    val efm2 = snd(qe_get_terms lfm_thm)

    (* l is the lcm of all coefficients of x *)

    val l = formlcm x efm2

    (*ac_thm: efm = efm2 with adjusted coefficients of x *)

    val ac_thm = [lfm_thm , (proof_of_adjustcoeffeq sg x l efm2)] MRS trans

    (* fm is efm2 with adjusted coefficients of x *)

    val fm = snd (qe_get_terms ac_thm)

   (* cfm is l dvd x & fm' where fm' is fm where l*x is replaced by x*)

    val  cfm = unitycoeff x fm

    (*afm is fm where c*x is replaced by 1*x or -1*x *)

    val afm = adjustcoeff x l fm

    (* P = %x.afm*)

    val P = absfree(xn,xT,afm)

    (* This simpset allows the elimination of the sets in bex {1..d} *)

    val ss = presburger_ss addsimps

      [simp_from_to] delsimps [P_eqtrue, P_eqfalse, bex_triv, insert_iff]

    (* uth : EX x.P(l*x) = EX x. l dvd x & P x*)

    val uth = instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg P) , Some (cterm_of sg (mk_numeral l))] (unity_coeff_ex)

    (* e_ac_thm : Ex x. efm = EX x. fm*)

    val e_ac_thm = (forall_intr (cterm_of sg x) ac_thm) COMP (qe_exI)

    (* A and B set of the formula*)

    val B = bset x cfm

    val A = []

    (* the divlcm (delta) of the formula*)

    val dlcm = mk_numeral (divlcm x cfm)

    (* Which set is smaller to generate the (hoepfully) shorter proof*)

    val cms = "mi" 

    (* synthesize the proof of cooper's theorem*)

     (* cp_thm: EX x. cfm = Q*)

    val cp_thm = cooper_thm sg cms x cfm dlcm A B

    (* Exxpand the right hand side to get rid of EX j : {1..d} to get a huge disjunction*)

    (* exp_cp_thm: EX x.cfm = Q' , where Q' is a simplified version of Q*)

    val exp_cp_thm = refl RS (simplify ss (cp_thm RSN (2,trans)))

    (* lsuth = EX.P(l*x) ; rsuth = EX x. l dvd x & P x*)

    val (lsuth,rsuth) = qe_get_terms (uth)

    (* lseacth = EX x. efm; rseacth = EX x. fm*)

    val (lseacth,rseacth) = qe_get_terms(e_ac_thm)

    (* lscth = EX x. cfm; rscth = Q' *)

    val (lscth,rscth) = qe_get_terms (exp_cp_thm)

    (* u_c_thm: EX x. P(l*x) = Q'*)

    val  u_c_thm = [([uth,prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (rsuth,lscth))] MRS trans),exp_cp_thm] MRS trans

    (* result: EX x. efm = Q'*)

  in  ([e_ac_thm,[(prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (rseacth,lsuth))),u_c_thm] MRS trans] MRS trans)

    end

 |cooper_prv2 _ _ _ =  error "Parameters format";

 (* **************************************** *)

 (*    An Other Version of cooper proving    *)

 (*     by giving a withness for EX          *)

 (* **************************************** *)

 fun cooper_prv_w sg (x as Free(xn,xT)) efm = let 

    (* lfm_thm : efm = linearized form of efm*)

    val lfm_thm = proof_of_linform sg [xn] efm

    (*efm2 is the linearized form of efm *) 

    val efm2 = snd(qe_get_terms lfm_thm)

    (* l is the lcm of all coefficients of x *)

    val l = formlcm x efm2

    (*ac_thm: efm = efm2 with adjusted coefficients of x *)

    val ac_thm = [lfm_thm , (proof_of_adjustcoeffeq sg x l efm2)] MRS trans

    (* fm is efm2 with adjusted coefficients of x *)

    val fm = snd (qe_get_terms ac_thm)

   (* cfm is l dvd x & fm' where fm' is fm where l*x is replaced by x*)

    val  cfm = unitycoeff x fm

    (*afm is fm where c*x is replaced by 1*x or -1*x *)

    val afm = adjustcoeff x l fm

    (* P = %x.afm*)

    val P = absfree(xn,xT,afm)

    (* This simpset allows the elimination of the sets in bex {1..d} *)

    val ss = presburger_ss addsimps

      [simp_from_to] delsimps [P_eqtrue, P_eqfalse, bex_triv, insert_iff]

    (* uth : EX x.P(l*x) = EX x. l dvd x & P x*)

    val uth = instantiate' [] [Some (cterm_of sg P) , Some (cterm_of sg (mk_numeral l))] (unity_coeff_ex)

    (* e_ac_thm : Ex x. efm = EX x. fm*)

    val e_ac_thm = (forall_intr (cterm_of sg x) ac_thm) COMP (qe_exI)

    (* lsuth = EX.P(l*x) ; rsuth = EX x. l dvd x & P x*)

    val (lsuth,rsuth) = qe_get_terms (uth)

    (* lseacth = EX x. efm; rseacth = EX x. fm*)

    val (lseacth,rseacth) = qe_get_terms(e_ac_thm)

    val (w,rs) = cooper_w [] cfm

    val exp_cp_thm =  case w of 

      (* FIXME - e_ac_thm just tipped to test syntactical correctness of the program!!!!*)

     Some n =>  e_ac_thm (* Prove cfm (n) and use exI and then Eq_TrueI*)

    |_ => let 

     (* A and B set of the formula*)

     val A = aset x cfm

     val B = bset x cfm

     (* the divlcm (delta) of the formula*)

     val dlcm = mk_numeral (divlcm x cfm)

     (* Which set is smaller to generate the (hoepfully) shorter proof*)

     val cms = if ((length A) < (length B )) then "pi" else "mi"

     (* synthesize the proof of cooper's theorem*)

      (* cp_thm: EX x. cfm = Q*)

     val cp_thm = cooper_thm sg cms x cfm dlcm A B

      (* Exxpand the right hand side to get rid of EX j : {1..d} to get a huge disjunction*)

     (* exp_cp_thm: EX x.cfm = Q' , where Q' is a simplified version of Q*)

     in refl RS (simplify ss (cp_thm RSN (2,trans)))

     end

    (* lscth = EX x. cfm; rscth = Q' *)

    val (lscth,rscth) = qe_get_terms (exp_cp_thm)

    (* u_c_thm: EX x. P(l*x) = Q'*)

    val  u_c_thm = [([uth,prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (rsuth,lscth))] MRS trans),exp_cp_thm] MRS trans

    (* result: EX x. efm = Q'*)

  in  ([e_ac_thm,[(prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq (rseacth,lsuth))),u_c_thm] MRS trans] MRS trans)

    end

 |cooper_prv_w _ _ _ =  error "Parameters format";

 fun decomp_cnnf sg lfnp P = case P of 

      Const ("op &",_) $ p $q => ([p,q] , fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS qe_conjI )

    |Const ("op |",_) $ p $q => ([p,q] , fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS  qe_disjI)

    |Const ("Not",_) $ (Const("Not",_) $ p) => ([p], fn [th] => th RS nnf_nn)

    |Const("Not",_) $ (Const(opn,T) $ p $ q) => 

      if opn = "op |" 

       then case (p,q) of 

          (A as (Const ("op &",_) $ r $ s),B as (Const ("op &",_) $ r1 $ t)) =>

           if r1 = negate r 

           then  ([r,HOLogic.Not$s,r1,HOLogic.Not$t],fn [th1_1,th1_2,th2_1,th2_2] => [[th1_1,th1_1] MRS qe_conjI,[th2_1,th2_2] MRS qe_conjI] MRS nnf_sdj)

           else ([HOLogic.Not $ p,HOLogic.Not $ q ], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS nnf_ndj)

         |(_,_) => ([HOLogic.Not $ p,HOLogic.Not $ q ], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS nnf_ndj)

       else (

          case (opn,T) of 

            ("op &",_) => ([HOLogic.Not $ p,HOLogic.Not $ q ], fn [th1,th2] =>[th1,th2] MRS nnf_ncj )

            |("op -->",_) => ([p,HOLogic.Not $ q ], fn [th1,th2] =>[th1,th2] MRS nnf_nim )

            |("op =",Type ("fun",[Type ("bool", []),_])) => 

            ([HOLogic.conj $ p $ (HOLogic.Not $ q),HOLogic.conj $ (HOLogic.Not $ p) $ q], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS nnf_neq)

             |(_,_) => ([], fn [] => lfnp P)

 )

    |(Const ("op -->",_) $ p $ q) => ([HOLogic.Not$p,q], fn [th1,th2] => [th1,th2] MRS nnf_im)

    |(Const ("op =", Type ("fun",[Type ("bool", []),_])) $ p $ q) =>

      ([HOLogic.conj $ p $ q,HOLogic.conj $ (HOLogic.Not $ p) $ (HOLogic.Not $ q) ], fn [th1,th2] =>[th1,th2] MRS nnf_eq )

    |_ => ([], fn [] => lfnp P);

 fun proof_of_cnnf sg p lfnp = 

  let val th1 = thm_of sg (decomp_cnnf sg lfnp) p

      val rs = snd(qe_get_terms th1)

      val th2 = prove_elementar sg "ss" (HOLogic.mk_eq(rs,simpl rs))

   in [th1,th2] MRS trans

   end;

 end;