doc-src/underscore.sty
author Walther Neuper <neuper@ist.tugraz.at>
Thu, 12 Aug 2010 15:03:34 +0200
branchisac-from-Isabelle2009-2
changeset 37913 20e3616b2d9c
parent 26862 a79d7d5f1d06
permissions -rw-r--r--
prepare reactivation of isac-update-Isa09-2
     1 % underscore.sty     21-Sep-2005   Donald Arseneau   asnd@triumf.ca
     2 % Make the "_" character print as "\textunderscore" in text.
     3 % Copyright 1998,2001,2005,2006 Donald Arseneau;  
     4 % License: LPPL version 1.2 or later.
     5 % Instructions follow after the definitions.
     6 
     7 \ProvidesPackage{underscore}[2006/09/13]
     8 
     9 \begingroup
    10  \catcode`\_=\active
    11  \gdef _{% \relax % No relax gives a small vulnerability in alignments
    12    \ifx\if@safe@actives\iftrue % must be outermost test!
    13       \string_%
    14    \else
    15       \ifx\protect\@typeset@protect
    16          \ifmmode \sb \else \BreakableUnderscore \fi
    17       \else
    18          \ifx\protect\@unexpandable@protect \noexpand_%
    19          \else \protect_%
    20       \fi\fi
    21     \fi}
    22   \global\let\ActiveUnderscore=_
    23   \gdef\normalUnderscoreDef{\let_\ActiveUnderscore}
    24 \endgroup
    25 
    26 % At begin: set catcode; fix \long \ttdefault so I can use it in comparisons; 
    27 % reapply definition of active _ in output routine (\@firstofone to strip
    28 % away braces, so avoiding deeper nesting).
    29 \AtBeginDocument{%
    30   {\immediate\write\@auxout{\catcode\number\string`\_ \string\active}}%
    31   \catcode\string`\_\string=\active
    32   \edef\ttdefault{\ttdefault}%
    33   \output=\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
    34      {\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\normalUnderscoreDef
    35       \expandafter\@firstofone\the\output}%
    36 }
    37 
    38 \newcommand{\BreakableUnderscore}{\leavevmode\nobreak\hskip\z@skip
    39  \ifx\f@family\ttdefault \string_\else \textunderscore\fi
    40  \usc@dischyph\nobreak\hskip\z@skip}
    41 
    42 \DeclareRobustCommand{\_}{%
    43   \ifmmode \nfss@text{\textunderscore}\else \BreakableUnderscore \fi}
    44 
    45 
    46 \let\usc@dischyph\@dischyph
    47 \DeclareOption{nohyphen}{\def\usc@dischyph{\discretionary{}{}{}}}
    48 \DeclareOption{strings}{\catcode`\_=\active}
    49 
    50 \ProcessOptions
    51 \ifnum\catcode`\_=\active\else \endinput \fi
    52 
    53 %%%%%%%%   Redefine commands that use character strings   %%%%%%%%
    54 
    55 \@ifundefined{UnderscoreCommands}{\let\UnderscoreCommands\@empty}{}
    56 \expandafter\def\expandafter\UnderscoreCommands\expandafter{%
    57   \UnderscoreCommands
    58   \do\include \do\includeonly
    59   \do\@input \do\@iinput \do\InputIfFileExists
    60   \do\ref \do\pageref \do\newlabel
    61   \do\bibitem \do\@bibitem \do\cite \do\nocite \do\bibcite
    62   \do\Ginclude@graphics \do\@setckpt
    63 }
    64 
    65 % Macro to redefine a macro to pre-process its string argument
    66 % with \protect -> \string.
    67 \def\do#1{% Avoid double processing if user includes command twice!
    68  \@ifundefined{US\string_\expandafter\@gobble\string#1}{%
    69    \edef\@tempb{\meaning#1}% Check if macro is just a protection shell...
    70    \def\@tempc{\protect}%
    71    \edef\@tempc{\meaning\@tempc\string#1\space\space}%
    72    \ifx\@tempb\@tempc % just a shell: hook into the protected inner command
    73      \expandafter\do
    74        \csname \expandafter\@gobble\string#1 \expandafter\endcsname
    75    \else % Check if macro takes an optional argument
    76      \def\@tempc{\@ifnextchar[}%
    77      \edef\@tempa{\def\noexpand\@tempa####1\meaning\@tempc}%
    78      \@tempa##2##3\@tempa{##2\relax}%
    79      \edef\@tempb{\meaning#1\meaning\@tempc}%
    80      \edef\@tempc{\noexpand\@tempd \csname
    81         US\string_\expandafter\@gobble\string#1\endcsname}%
    82      \if \expandafter\@tempa\@tempb \relax 12\@tempa % then no optional arg
    83        \@tempc #1\US@prot
    84      \else  % There is optional arg
    85        \@tempc #1\US@protopt
    86      \fi
    87    \fi
    88  }{}}
    89 
    90 \def\@tempd#1#2#3{\let#1#2\def#2{#3#1}}
    91 
    92 \def\US@prot#1#2{\let\@@protect\protect \let\protect\string
    93   \edef\US@temp##1{##1{#2}}\restore@protect\US@temp#1}
    94 \def\US@protopt#1{\@ifnextchar[{\US@protarg#1}{\US@prot#1}}
    95 \def\US@protarg #1[#2]{\US@prot{{#1[#2]}}}
    96 
    97 \UnderscoreCommands
    98 \let\do\relax \let\@tempd\relax  % un-do
    99 
   100 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   101 
   102 \endinput
   103 
   104 underscore.sty    13-Sep-2006  Donald Arseneau
   105 
   106 Features:
   107 ~~~~~~~~~
   108 The "\_" command (which normally prints an underscore character or
   109 facsimile) is altered so that the hyphenation of constituent words
   110 is not affected, and hyphenation is permitted after the underscore.
   111 For example, "compound\_fracture" hyphenates as com- pound\_- frac- ture.
   112 If you prefer the underscore to break without a hyphen (but still with 
   113 the same rules for explicit hyphen-breaks) then use the [nohyphen]
   114 package option.
   115 
   116 A simple "_" acts just like "\_" in text mode, but makes a subscript
   117 in math mode: activation_energy $E_a$
   118 
   119 Both forms use an underscore character if the font encoding contains
   120 one (e.g., "\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}" or typewriter fonts in any encoding),
   121 but they use a rule if there is no proper character.
   122 
   123 Deficiencies:
   124 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   125 The skips and penalties ruin any kerning with the underscore character
   126 (when a character is used).  However, there doesn't seem to be much, if
   127 any, such kerning in the ec fonts, and there is never any kerning with
   128 a rule.
   129 
   130 You must avoid "_" in file names and in cite or ref tags, or you must use 
   131 the babel package, with its active-character controls, or you must give 
   132 the [strings] option, which attempts to redefine several commands (and 
   133 may not work perfectly).  Even without the [strings] option or babel, you 
   134 can use occasional underscores like: "\include{file\string_name}".
   135 
   136 Option: [strings]
   137 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   138 The default operation is quite simple and needs no customization; but
   139 you must avoid using "_" in any place where LaTeX uses an argument as
   140 a string of characters for some control function or as a name.  These
   141 include the tags for "\cite" and "\ref", file names for "\input", 
   142 "\include", and "\includegraphics", environment names, counter names,
   143 and placement parameters (like "[t]").  The problem with these contexts
   144 is that they are `moving arguments' but LaTeX does not `switch on' the
   145 "\protect" mechanism for them.
   146 
   147 If you need to use the underscore character in these places, the package
   148 option [strings] is provided to redefine commands that take such a string
   149 argument so that protection is applied (with "\protect" being "\string").
   150 The list of commands is given in "\UnderscoreCommands", with "\do" before
   151 each; plus several others covering "\input", "\includegraphics, "\cite", 
   152 "\ref", and their variants.  Not included are many commands regarding font 
   153 names, everything with counter names, environment names, page styles, and 
   154 versions of "\ref" and "\cite" defined by external packages (e.g., "\vref" 
   155 and "\citeyear").
   156 
   157 You can add to the list of supported commands by defining "\UnderscoreCommands"
   158 before loading this package; e.g.
   159 
   160    \usepackage{chicago}
   161    \newcommand{\UnderscoreCommands}{%   (\cite already done)
   162      \do\citeNP \do\citeA \do\citeANP \do\citeN \do\shortcite
   163      \do\shortciteNP \do\shortciteA \do\shortciteANP \do\shortciteN
   164      \do\citeyear \do\citeyearNP
   165    }
   166    \usepackage[strings]{underscore}
   167 
   168 Not all commands can be supported this way!  Only commands that take a
   169 string argument *first* can be protected.  One optional argument before
   170 the string argument is also permitted, as exemplified by "\cite": both
   171 "\cite{tags}" and "\cite[text]{tags}" are allowed.  A command like
   172 "\@addtoreset" which takes two counter names as arguments could not
   173 be protected by listing it in "\UnderscoreCommands".
   174 
   175 *When you use the [strings] option, you must load this package
   176 last* (or nearly last).
   177 
   178 There are two reasons: 1) The redefinitions done for protection must come
   179 after other packages define their customized versions of those commands.
   180 2) The [strings] option requires the "_" character to be activated immediately
   181 in order for the cite and ref tags to be read properly from the .aux file
   182 as plain strings, and this catcode setting might disrupt other packages.
   183 
   184 The babel package implements a protection mechanism for many commands,
   185 and will be a complete fix for most documents without the [strings] option.
   186 Many add-on packages are compatible with babel, so they will get the
   187 strings protection also.  However, there are several commands that are 
   188 not covered by babel, but can easily be supported by the [strings] and 
   189 "\UnderscoreCommands" mechanism.  Beware that using both [strings] and
   190 babel might lead to conflicts, but none are seen yet (load babel last).
   191 
   192 Implementation Notes:
   193 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   194 The first setting of "_" to be an active character is performed in a local
   195 group so as to not interfere with other packages.  The catcode setting
   196 is repeated with "\AtBeginDocument" so the definition is in effect for the
   197 text.  However, the catcode setting is repeated immediately when the
   198 [strings] option is detected.
   199 
   200 The definition of the active "_" is essentially:
   201 
   202        \ifmmode \sb \else \BreakableUnderscore \fi
   203 
   204 where "\sb" retains the normal subscript meaning of "_" and where
   205 "\BreakableUnderscore" is essentially "\_".  The rest of the definition
   206 handles the "\protect"ion without causing "\relax" to be inserted before
   207 the character.
   208 
   209 "\BreakableUnderscore" uses "\nobreak\hskip\z@skip" to separate the
   210 underscore from surrounding words, thus allowing TeX to hyphenate them,
   211 but preventing free breaks around the underscore. Next, it checks the
   212 current font family, and uses the underscore character from tt fonts or
   213 otherwise "\textunderscore" (which is a character or rule depending on
   214 the font encoding).  After the underscore, it inserts a discretionary
   215 hyphenation point as "\usc@dischyph", which is usually just "\-"
   216 except that it still works in the tabbing environment, although it
   217 will give "\discretionary{}{}{}" under the [nohyphen] option.  After
   218 that, another piece of non-breaking interword glue is inserted. 
   219 Ordinarily, the comparison "\ifx\f@family\ttdefault" will always fail 
   220 because "\ttdefault" is `long' whereas "\f@family" is not (boooo hisss),
   221 but "\ttdefault" is redefined to be non-long by "\AtBeginDocument".
   222 
   223 The "\_" command is then defined to use "\BreakableUnderscore".
   224 
   225 If the [strings] option is not given, then that is all!
   226 
   227 Under the [strings] option, the list of special commands is processed to:
   228 
   229  - retain the original command as "\US_"*command* (e.g., "\US_ref")
   230  - redefine the command as "\US@prot\US_command" for ordinary commands
   231    ("\US@prot\US_ref") or as "\US@protopt\US_command" when an optional
   232    argument is possible (e.g., "\US@protopt\US_bibitem").
   233  - self-protecting commands ("\cite") retain their self-protection.
   234 
   235 Diagnosing the state of the pre-existing command is done by painful
   236 contortions involving "\meaning".
   237 
   238 "\US@prot" and "\US@protopt" read the argument, process it with 
   239 "\protect" enabled, then invoke the saved "\US_command".
   240 
   241 Modifications:
   242 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   243 13-Sep-2006  Reassert my definition in the output routine (listings).
   244 21-Sep-2005  \includegraphics safe.
   245 12-Oct-2001  Babel (safe@actives) compatibility and [nohyphen] option.
   246 
   247 Test file integrity:  ASCII 32-57, 58-126:  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789
   248 :;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~