1 Isabelle NEWS -- history user-relevant changes
2 ==============================================
4 New in Isabelle2012 (May 2012)
5 ------------------------------
9 * Prover IDE (PIDE) improvements:
11 - markup for bound variables
12 - markup for types of term variables (e.g. displayed as tooltips)
13 - support for user-defined Isar commands within the running session
14 - improved support for Unicode outside original 16bit range
15 e.g. glyph for \<A> (thanks to jEdit 4.5.1)
17 * Updated and extended reference manuals ("isar-ref" and
18 "implementation"); reduced remaining material in old "ref" manual.
20 * Rule attributes in local theory declarations (e.g. locale or class)
21 are now statically evaluated: the resulting theorem is stored instead
22 of the original expression. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
23 the historic accident of dynamic re-evaluation in interpretations
26 * Commands 'lemmas' and 'theorems' allow local variables using 'for'
27 declaration, and results are standardized before being stored. Thus
28 old-style "standard" after instantiation or composition of facts
29 becomes obsolete. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, due to potential change of
30 indices of schematic variables.
32 * Renamed some inner syntax categories:
38 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that in practice "num_const" or
39 "num_position" etc. are mainly used instead (which also include
40 position information via constraints).
42 * Simplified configuration options for syntax ambiguity: see
43 "syntax_ambiguity_warning" and "syntax_ambiguity_limit" in isar-ref
44 manual. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
46 * Forward declaration of outer syntax keywords within the theory
47 header -- minor INCOMPATIBILITY for user-defined commands. Allow new
48 commands to be used in the same theory where defined.
53 * Auxiliary contexts indicate block structure for specifications with
54 additional parameters and assumptions. Such unnamed contexts may be
55 nested within other targets, like 'theory', 'locale', 'class',
56 'instantiation' etc. Results from the local context are generalized
57 accordingly and applied to the enclosing target context. Example:
61 assumes xy: "x = y" and yz: "y = z"
64 lemma my_trans: "x = z" using xy yz by simp
70 The most basic application is to factor-out context elements of
71 several fixes/assumes/shows theorem statements, e.g. see
72 ~~/src/HOL/Isar_Examples/Group_Context.thy
74 Any other local theory specification element works within the "context
75 ... begin ... end" block as well.
77 * Bundled declarations associate attributed fact expressions with a
78 given name in the context. These may be later included in other
79 contexts. This allows to manage context extensions casually, without
80 the logical dependencies of locales and locale interpretation.
82 See commands 'bundle', 'include', 'including' etc. in the isar-ref
85 * Rule composition via attribute "OF" (or ML functions OF/MRS) is more
86 tolerant against multiple unifiers, as long as the final result is
87 unique. (As before, rules are composed in canonical right-to-left
88 order to accommodate newly introduced premises.)
90 * Command 'definition' no longer exports the foundational "raw_def"
91 into the user context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, may use the regular
92 "def" result with attribute "abs_def" to imitate the old version.
94 * Attribute "abs_def" turns an equation of the form "f x y == t" into
95 "f == %x y. t", which ensures that "simp" or "unfold" steps always
96 expand it. This also works for object-logic equality. (Formerly
97 undocumented feature.)
99 * Discontinued old "prems" fact, which used to refer to the accidental
100 collection of foundational premises in the context (already marked as
101 legacy since Isabelle2011).
103 * Obsolete command 'types' has been discontinued. Use 'type_synonym'
104 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
106 * Old code generator for SML and its commands 'code_module',
107 'code_library', 'consts_code', 'types_code' have been discontinued.
108 Use commands of the generic code generator instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
110 * Redundant attribute "code_inline" has been discontinued. Use
111 "code_unfold" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
113 * Dropped attribute "code_unfold_post" in favor of the its dual
114 "code_abbrev", which yields a common pattern in definitions like
116 definition [code_abbrev]: "f = t"
120 * Sort constraints are now propagated in simultaneous statements, just
121 like type constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, where
122 distinct sorts used to be assigned accidentally. For example:
124 lemma "P (x::'a::foo)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)" -- "now illegal"
126 lemma "P (x::'a)" and "Q (y::'a::bar)"
127 -- "now uniform 'a::bar instead of default sort for first occurrence (!)"
132 * New tutorial "Programming and Proving in Isabelle/HOL" ("prog-prove").
133 It completely supercedes "A Tutorial Introduction to Structured Isar Proofs",
134 which has been removed. It supercedes "Isabelle/HOL, A Proof Assistant
135 for Higher-Order Logic" as the recommended beginners tutorial
136 but does not cover all of the material of that old tutorial.
138 * Discontinued old Tutorial on Isar ("isar-overview");
140 * Type 'a set is now a proper type constructor (just as before
141 Isabelle2008). Definitions mem_def and Collect_def have disappeared.
142 Non-trivial INCOMPATIBILITY. For developments keeping predicates and
143 sets separate, it is often sufficient to rephrase sets S accidentally
144 used as predicates by "%x. x : S" and predicates P accidentally used
145 as sets by "{x. P x}". Corresponding proofs in a first step should be
146 pruned from any tinkering with former theorems mem_def and Collect_def
149 For developments which deliberately mixed predicates and sets, a
150 planning step is necessary to determine what should become a predicate
151 and what a set. It can be helpful to carry out that step in
152 Isabelle2011-1 before jumping right into the current release.
154 * The representation of numerals has changed. Datatype "num"
155 represents strictly positive binary numerals, along with functions
156 "numeral :: num => 'a" and "neg_numeral :: num => 'a" to represent
157 positive and negated numeric literals, respectively. (See definitions
158 in ~~/src/HOL/Num.thy.) Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, some user theories
159 may require adaptations as follows:
161 - Theorems with number_ring or number_semiring constraints: These
162 classes are gone; use comm_ring_1 or comm_semiring_1 instead.
164 - Theories defining numeric types: Remove number, number_semiring,
165 and number_ring instances. Defer all theorems about numerals until
166 after classes one and semigroup_add have been instantiated.
168 - Numeral-only simp rules: Replace each rule having a "number_of v"
169 pattern with two copies, one for numeral and one for neg_numeral.
171 - Theorems about subclasses of semiring_1 or ring_1: These classes
172 automatically support numerals now, so more simp rules and
173 simprocs may now apply within the proof.
175 - Definitions and theorems using old constructors Pls/Min/Bit0/Bit1:
176 Redefine using other integer operations.
178 * Code generation by default implements sets as container type rather
179 than predicates. INCOMPATIBILITY.
181 * New proof import from HOL Light: Faster, simpler, and more scalable.
182 Requires a proof bundle, which is available as an external component.
183 Discontinued old (and mostly dead) Importer for HOL4 and HOL Light.
186 * New type synonym 'a rel = ('a * 'a) set
188 * More default pred/set conversions on a couple of relation operations
189 and predicates. Added powers of predicate relations. Consolidation
190 of some relation theorems:
192 converse_def ~> converse_unfold
193 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
194 symp_def ~> (dropped, use symp_def and sym_def instead)
195 transp_def ~> transp_trans
196 Domain_def ~> Domain_unfold
197 Range_def ~> Domain_converse [symmetric]
199 Generalized theorems INF_INT_eq, INF_INT_eq2, SUP_UN_eq, SUP_UN_eq2.
201 See theory "Relation" for examples for making use of pred/set
202 conversions by means of attributes "to_set" and "to_pred".
206 * Renamed facts about the power operation on relations, i.e., relpow
207 to match the constant's name:
209 rel_pow_1 ~> relpow_1
210 rel_pow_0_I ~> relpow_0_I
211 rel_pow_Suc_I ~> relpow_Suc_I
212 rel_pow_Suc_I2 ~> relpow_Suc_I2
213 rel_pow_0_E ~> relpow_0_E
214 rel_pow_Suc_E ~> relpow_Suc_E
215 rel_pow_E ~> relpow_E
216 rel_pow_Suc_D2 ~> relpow_Suc_D2
217 rel_pow_Suc_E2 ~> relpow_Suc_E2
218 rel_pow_Suc_D2' ~> relpow_Suc_D2'
219 rel_pow_E2 ~> relpow_E2
220 rel_pow_add ~> relpow_add
221 rel_pow_commute ~> relpow
222 rel_pow_empty ~> relpow_empty:
223 rtrancl_imp_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_UN_relpow
224 rel_pow_imp_rtrancl ~> relpow_imp_rtrancl
225 rtrancl_is_UN_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_is_UN_relpow
226 rtrancl_imp_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_imp_relpow
227 rel_pow_fun_conv ~> relpow_fun_conv
228 rel_pow_finite_bounded1 ~> relpow_finite_bounded1
229 rel_pow_finite_bounded ~> relpow_finite_bounded
230 rtrancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> rtrancl_finite_eq_relpow
231 trancl_finite_eq_rel_pow ~> trancl_finite_eq_relpow
232 single_valued_rel_pow ~> single_valued_relpow
236 * Theory Relation: Consolidated constant name for relation composition
237 and corresponding theorem names:
239 - Renamed constant rel_comp to relcomp.
241 - Dropped abbreviation pred_comp. Use relcompp instead.
245 rel_compI ~> relcompI
246 rel_compEpair ~> relcompEpair
247 rel_compE ~> relcompE
248 pred_comp_rel_comp_eq ~> relcompp_relcomp_eq
249 rel_comp_empty1 ~> relcomp_empty1
250 rel_comp_mono ~> relcomp_mono
251 rel_comp_subset_Sigma ~> relcomp_subset_Sigma
252 rel_comp_distrib ~> relcomp_distrib
253 rel_comp_distrib2 ~> relcomp_distrib2
254 rel_comp_UNION_distrib ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib
255 rel_comp_UNION_distrib2 ~> relcomp_UNION_distrib2
256 single_valued_rel_comp ~> single_valued_relcomp
257 rel_comp_def ~> relcomp_unfold
258 converse_rel_comp ~> converse_relcomp
259 pred_compI ~> relcomppI
260 pred_compE ~> relcomppE
261 pred_comp_bot1 ~> relcompp_bot1
262 pred_comp_bot2 ~> relcompp_bot2
263 transp_pred_comp_less_eq ~> transp_relcompp_less_eq
264 pred_comp_mono ~> relcompp_mono
265 pred_comp_distrib ~> relcompp_distrib
266 pred_comp_distrib2 ~> relcompp_distrib2
267 converse_pred_comp ~> converse_relcompp
269 finite_rel_comp ~> finite_relcomp
271 set_rel_comp ~> set_relcomp
275 * Theory Divides: Discontinued redundant theorems about div and mod.
276 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
278 DIVISION_BY_ZERO ~> div_by_0, mod_by_0
279 zdiv_self ~> div_self
280 zmod_self ~> mod_self
283 zdiv_zmod_equality ~> div_mod_equality2
284 zdiv_zmod_equality2 ~> div_mod_equality
285 zmod_zdiv_trivial ~> mod_div_trivial
286 zdiv_zminus_zminus ~> div_minus_minus
287 zmod_zminus_zminus ~> mod_minus_minus
288 zdiv_zminus2 ~> div_minus_right
289 zmod_zminus2 ~> mod_minus_right
290 zdiv_minus1_right ~> div_minus1_right
291 zmod_minus1_right ~> mod_minus1_right
292 zdvd_mult_div_cancel ~> dvd_mult_div_cancel
293 zmod_zmult1_eq ~> mod_mult_right_eq
294 zpower_zmod ~> power_mod
296 zdvd_zmod_imp_zdvd ~> dvd_mod_imp_dvd
297 mod_mult_distrib ~> mult_mod_left
298 mod_mult_distrib2 ~> mult_mod_right
300 * Removed redundant theorems nat_mult_2 and nat_mult_2_right; use
301 generic mult_2 and mult_2_right instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
303 * Finite_Set.fold now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
305 * Consolidated theorem names concerning fold combinators:
307 inf_INFI_fold_inf ~> inf_INF_fold_inf
308 sup_SUPR_fold_sup ~> sup_SUP_fold_sup
309 INFI_fold_inf ~> INF_fold_inf
310 SUPR_fold_sup ~> SUP_fold_sup
311 union_set ~> union_set_fold
312 minus_set ~> minus_set_fold
313 INFI_set_fold ~> INF_set_fold
314 SUPR_set_fold ~> SUP_set_fold
315 INF_code ~> INF_set_foldr
316 SUP_code ~> SUP_set_foldr
317 foldr.simps ~> foldr.simps (in point-free formulation)
318 foldr_fold_rev ~> foldr_conv_fold
319 foldl_fold ~> foldl_conv_fold
320 foldr_foldr ~> foldr_conv_foldl
321 foldl_foldr ~> foldl_conv_foldr
322 fold_set_remdups ~> fold_set_fold_remdups
323 fold_set ~> fold_set_fold
324 fold1_set ~> fold1_set_fold
328 * Dropped rarely useful theorems concerning fold combinators:
329 foldl_apply, foldl_fun_comm, foldl_rev, fold_weak_invariant,
330 rev_foldl_cons, fold_set_remdups, fold_set, fold_set1,
331 concat_conv_foldl, foldl_weak_invariant, foldl_invariant,
332 foldr_invariant, foldl_absorb0, foldl_foldr1_lemma, foldl_foldr1,
333 listsum_conv_fold, listsum_foldl, sort_foldl_insort, foldl_assoc,
334 foldr_conv_foldl, start_le_sum, elem_le_sum, sum_eq_0_conv.
335 INCOMPATIBILITY. For the common phrases "%xs. List.foldr plus xs 0"
336 and "List.foldl plus 0", prefer "List.listsum". Otherwise it can be
337 useful to boil down "List.foldr" and "List.foldl" to "List.fold" by
338 unfolding "foldr_conv_fold" and "foldl_conv_fold".
340 * Dropped lemmas minus_set_foldr, union_set_foldr, union_coset_foldr,
341 inter_coset_foldr, Inf_fin_set_foldr, Sup_fin_set_foldr,
342 Min_fin_set_foldr, Max_fin_set_foldr, Inf_set_foldr, Sup_set_foldr,
343 INF_set_foldr, SUP_set_foldr. INCOMPATIBILITY. Prefer corresponding
344 lemmas over fold rather than foldr, or make use of lemmas
345 fold_conv_foldr and fold_rev.
347 * Congruence rules Option.map_cong and Option.bind_cong for recursion
348 through option types.
350 * Concrete syntax for case expressions includes constraints for source
351 positions, and thus produces Prover IDE markup for its bindings.
352 INCOMPATIBILITY for old-style syntax translations that augment the
353 pattern notation; e.g. see src/HOL/HOLCF/One.thy for translations of
356 * Discontinued configuration option "syntax_positions": atomic terms
357 in parse trees are always annotated by position constraints.
359 * New theory HOL/Library/DAList provides an abstract type for
360 association lists with distinct keys.
362 * 'datatype' specifications allow explicit sort constraints.
364 * Theory HOL/Library/Diagonalize has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY,
365 use theory HOL/Library/Nat_Bijection instead.
367 * Theory HOL/Library/RBT_Impl: Backing implementation of red-black
368 trees is now inside a type class context. Names of affected
369 operations and lemmas have been prefixed by rbt_. INCOMPATIBILITY for
370 theories working directly with raw red-black trees, adapt the names as
374 bulkload -> rbt_bulkload
375 del_from_left -> rbt_del_from_left
376 del_from_right -> rbt_del_from_right
381 insertw -> rbt_insert_with
382 insert_with_key -> rbt_insert_with_key
383 map_entry -> rbt_map_entry
386 tree_greater -> rbt_greater
387 tree_less -> rbt_less
388 tree_less_symbol -> rbt_less_symbol
390 union_with -> rbt_union_with
391 union_with_key -> rbt_union_with_key
394 balance_left_sorted -> balance_left_rbt_sorted
395 balance_left_tree_greater -> balance_left_rbt_greater
396 balance_left_tree_less -> balance_left_rbt_less
397 balance_right_sorted -> balance_right_rbt_sorted
398 balance_right_tree_greater -> balance_right_rbt_greater
399 balance_right_tree_less -> balance_right_rbt_less
400 balance_sorted -> balance_rbt_sorted
401 balance_tree_greater -> balance_rbt_greater
402 balance_tree_less -> balance_rbt_less
403 bulkload_is_rbt -> rbt_bulkload_is_rbt
404 combine_sorted -> combine_rbt_sorted
405 combine_tree_greater -> combine_rbt_greater
406 combine_tree_less -> combine_rbt_less
407 delete_in_tree -> rbt_delete_in_tree
408 delete_is_rbt -> rbt_delete_is_rbt
409 del_from_left_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_greater
410 del_from_left_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_left_rbt_less
411 del_from_right_tree_greater -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_greater
412 del_from_right_tree_less -> rbt_del_from_right_rbt_less
413 del_in_tree -> rbt_del_in_tree
414 del_inv1_inv2 -> rbt_del_inv1_inv2
415 del_sorted -> rbt_del_rbt_sorted
416 del_tree_greater -> rbt_del_rbt_greater
417 del_tree_less -> rbt_del_rbt_less
418 dom_lookup_Branch -> dom_rbt_lookup_Branch
419 entries_lookup -> entries_rbt_lookup
420 finite_dom_lookup -> finite_dom_rbt_lookup
421 insert_sorted -> rbt_insert_rbt_sorted
422 insertw_is_rbt -> rbt_insertw_is_rbt
423 insertwk_is_rbt -> rbt_insertwk_is_rbt
424 insertwk_sorted -> rbt_insertwk_rbt_sorted
425 insertw_sorted -> rbt_insertw_rbt_sorted
426 ins_sorted -> ins_rbt_sorted
427 ins_tree_greater -> ins_rbt_greater
428 ins_tree_less -> ins_rbt_less
429 is_rbt_sorted -> is_rbt_rbt_sorted
430 lookup_balance -> rbt_lookup_balance
431 lookup_bulkload -> rbt_lookup_rbt_bulkload
432 lookup_delete -> rbt_lookup_rbt_delete
433 lookup_Empty -> rbt_lookup_Empty
434 lookup_from_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_from_in_tree
435 lookup_in_tree -> rbt_lookup_in_tree
436 lookup_ins -> rbt_lookup_ins
437 lookup_insert -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insert
438 lookup_insertw -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertw
439 lookup_insertwk -> rbt_lookup_rbt_insertwk
440 lookup_keys -> rbt_lookup_keys
441 lookup_map -> rbt_lookup_map
442 lookup_map_entry -> rbt_lookup_rbt_map_entry
443 lookup_tree_greater -> rbt_lookup_rbt_greater
444 lookup_tree_less -> rbt_lookup_rbt_less
445 lookup_union -> rbt_lookup_rbt_union
446 map_entry_color_of -> rbt_map_entry_color_of
447 map_entry_inv1 -> rbt_map_entry_inv1
448 map_entry_inv2 -> rbt_map_entry_inv2
449 map_entry_is_rbt -> rbt_map_entry_is_rbt
450 map_entry_sorted -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_sorted
451 map_entry_tree_greater -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_greater
452 map_entry_tree_less -> rbt_map_entry_rbt_less
453 map_tree_greater -> map_rbt_greater
454 map_tree_less -> map_rbt_less
455 map_sorted -> map_rbt_sorted
456 paint_sorted -> paint_rbt_sorted
457 paint_lookup -> paint_rbt_lookup
458 paint_tree_greater -> paint_rbt_greater
459 paint_tree_less -> paint_rbt_less
460 sorted_entries -> rbt_sorted_entries
461 tree_greater_eq_trans -> rbt_greater_eq_trans
462 tree_greater_nit -> rbt_greater_nit
463 tree_greater_prop -> rbt_greater_prop
464 tree_greater_simps -> rbt_greater_simps
465 tree_greater_trans -> rbt_greater_trans
466 tree_less_eq_trans -> rbt_less_eq_trans
467 tree_less_nit -> rbt_less_nit
468 tree_less_prop -> rbt_less_prop
469 tree_less_simps -> rbt_less_simps
470 tree_less_trans -> rbt_less_trans
471 tree_ord_props -> rbt_ord_props
472 union_Branch -> rbt_union_Branch
473 union_is_rbt -> rbt_union_is_rbt
474 unionw_is_rbt -> rbt_unionw_is_rbt
475 unionwk_is_rbt -> rbt_unionwk_is_rbt
476 unionwk_sorted -> rbt_unionwk_rbt_sorted
478 * Session HOL-Word: Discontinued many redundant theorems specific to
479 type 'a word. INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems
482 word_sub_alt ~> word_sub_wi
483 word_add_alt ~> word_add_def
484 word_mult_alt ~> word_mult_def
485 word_minus_alt ~> word_minus_def
486 word_0_alt ~> word_0_wi
487 word_1_alt ~> word_1_wi
488 word_add_0 ~> add_0_left
489 word_add_0_right ~> add_0_right
490 word_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
491 word_mult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
492 word_add_commute ~> add_commute
493 word_add_assoc ~> add_assoc
494 word_add_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
495 word_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
496 word_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
497 word_mult_left_commute ~> mult_left_commute
498 word_left_distrib ~> left_distrib
499 word_right_distrib ~> right_distrib
500 word_left_minus ~> left_minus
501 word_diff_0_right ~> diff_0_right
502 word_diff_self ~> diff_self
503 word_sub_def ~> diff_minus
504 word_diff_minus ~> diff_minus
505 word_add_ac ~> add_ac
506 word_mult_ac ~> mult_ac
507 word_plus_ac0 ~> add_0_left add_0_right add_ac
508 word_times_ac1 ~> mult_1_left mult_1_right mult_ac
509 word_order_trans ~> order_trans
510 word_order_refl ~> order_refl
511 word_order_antisym ~> order_antisym
512 word_order_linear ~> linorder_linear
513 lenw1_zero_neq_one ~> zero_neq_one
514 word_number_of_eq ~> number_of_eq
515 word_of_int_add_hom ~> wi_hom_add
516 word_of_int_sub_hom ~> wi_hom_sub
517 word_of_int_mult_hom ~> wi_hom_mult
518 word_of_int_minus_hom ~> wi_hom_neg
519 word_of_int_succ_hom ~> wi_hom_succ
520 word_of_int_pred_hom ~> wi_hom_pred
521 word_of_int_0_hom ~> word_0_wi
522 word_of_int_1_hom ~> word_1_wi
524 * Clarified attribute "mono_set": pure declaration without modifying
525 the result of the fact expression.
527 * "Transitive_Closure.ntrancl": bounded transitive closure on
530 * Constant "Set.not_member" now qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
532 * Theory Int: Discontinued many legacy theorems specific to type int.
533 INCOMPATIBILITY, use the corresponding generic theorems instead.
535 zminus_zminus ~> minus_minus
536 zminus_0 ~> minus_zero
537 zminus_zadd_distrib ~> minus_add_distrib
538 zadd_commute ~> add_commute
539 zadd_assoc ~> add_assoc
540 zadd_left_commute ~> add_left_commute
544 zadd_0_right ~> add_0_right
545 zadd_zminus_inverse2 ~> left_minus
546 zmult_zminus ~> mult_minus_left
547 zmult_commute ~> mult_commute
548 zmult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
549 zadd_zmult_distrib ~> left_distrib
550 zadd_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_distrib
551 zdiff_zmult_distrib ~> left_diff_distrib
552 zdiff_zmult_distrib2 ~> right_diff_distrib
553 zmult_1 ~> mult_1_left
554 zmult_1_right ~> mult_1_right
555 zle_refl ~> order_refl
556 zle_trans ~> order_trans
557 zle_antisym ~> order_antisym
558 zle_linear ~> linorder_linear
559 zless_linear ~> linorder_less_linear
560 zadd_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
561 zadd_strict_right_mono ~> add_strict_right_mono
562 zadd_zless_mono ~> add_less_le_mono
563 int_0_less_1 ~> zero_less_one
564 int_0_neq_1 ~> zero_neq_one
566 zpower_zadd_distrib ~> power_add
567 zero_less_zpower_abs_iff ~> zero_less_power_abs_iff
568 zero_le_zpower_abs ~> zero_le_power_abs
570 * Theory Deriv: Renamed
572 DERIV_nonneg_imp_nonincreasing ~> DERIV_nonneg_imp_nondecreasing
574 * New "case_product" attribute to generate a case rule doing multiple
575 case distinctions at the same time. E.g.
577 list.exhaust [case_product nat.exhaust]
579 produces a rule which can be used to perform case distinction on both
582 * Theory Library/Multiset: Improved code generation of multisets.
584 * New diagnostic command 'find_unused_assms' to find potentially
585 superfluous assumptions in theorems using Quickcheck.
589 - Quickcheck returns variable assignments as counterexamples, which
590 allows to reveal the underspecification of functions under test.
591 For example, refuting "hd xs = x", it presents the variable
592 assignment xs = [] and x = a1 as a counterexample, assuming that
593 any property is false whenever "hd []" occurs in it.
595 These counterexample are marked as potentially spurious, as
596 Quickcheck also returns "xs = []" as a counterexample to the
597 obvious theorem "hd xs = hd xs".
599 After finding a potentially spurious counterexample, Quickcheck
600 continues searching for genuine ones.
602 By default, Quickcheck shows potentially spurious and genuine
603 counterexamples. The option "genuine_only" sets quickcheck to only
604 show genuine counterexamples.
606 - The command 'quickcheck_generator' creates random and exhaustive
607 value generators for a given type and operations.
609 It generates values by using the operations as if they were
610 constructors of that type.
612 - Support for multisets.
614 - Added "use_subtype" options.
616 - Added "quickcheck_locale" configuration to specify how to process
617 conjectures in a locale context.
621 - Fixed infinite loop caused by the 'peephole_optim' option and
622 affecting 'rat' and 'real'.
625 - Added "lam_trans", "uncurry_aliases", and "minimize" options.
626 - Renamed "slicing" ("no_slicing") option to "slice" ("dont_slice").
627 - Renamed "sound" option to "strict".
630 - Added possibility to specify lambda translations scheme as a
631 parenthesized argument (e.g., "by (metis (lifting) ...)").
634 - renamed "smt_fixed" option to "smt_read_only_certificates".
637 - Renamed from 'try_methods'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
639 * New "eventually_elim" method as a generalized variant of the
640 eventually_elim* rules. Supports structured proofs.
642 * HOL/TPTP: support to parse and import TPTP problems (all languages)
648 * New "case_product" attribute (see HOL).
653 * Greater support for structured proofs involving induction or case
656 * Much greater use of mathematical symbols.
658 * Removal of many ML theorem bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
663 * Antiquotation @{keyword "name"} produces a parser for outer syntax
664 from a minor keyword introduced via theory header declaration.
666 * Antiquotation @{command_spec "name"} produces the
667 Outer_Syntax.command_spec from a major keyword introduced via theory
668 header declaration; it can be passed to Outer_Syntax.command etc.
670 * Local_Theory.define no longer hard-wires default theorem name
671 "foo_def", but retains the binding as given. If that is Binding.empty
672 / Attrib.empty_binding, the result is not registered as user-level
673 fact. The Local_Theory.define_internal variant allows to specify a
674 non-empty name (used for the foundation in the background theory),
675 while omitting the fact binding in the user-context. Potential
676 INCOMPATIBILITY for derived definitional packages: need to specify
677 naming policy for primitive definitions more explicitly.
679 * Renamed Thm.capply to Thm.apply, and Thm.cabs to Thm.lambda in
680 conformance with similar operations in structure Term and Logic.
682 * Antiquotation @{attributes [...]} embeds attribute source
683 representation into the ML text, which is particularly useful with
684 declarations like Local_Theory.note.
686 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
687 ProofContext has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
689 * Refined Local_Theory.declaration {syntax, pervasive}, with subtle
690 change of semantics: update is applied to auxiliary local theory
693 * Modernized some old-style infix operations:
695 addeqcongs ~> Simplifier.add_eqcong
696 deleqcongs ~> Simplifier.del_eqcong
697 addcongs ~> Simplifier.add_cong
698 delcongs ~> Simplifier.del_cong
699 setmksimps ~> Simplifier.set_mksimps
700 setmkcong ~> Simplifier.set_mkcong
701 setmksym ~> Simplifier.set_mksym
702 setmkeqTrue ~> Simplifier.set_mkeqTrue
703 settermless ~> Simplifier.set_termless
704 setsubgoaler ~> Simplifier.set_subgoaler
705 addsplits ~> Splitter.add_split
706 delsplits ~> Splitter.del_split
711 * ISABELLE_JDK_HOME settings variable points to JDK with javac and jar
714 * ISABELLE_HOME_WINDOWS refers to ISABELLE_HOME in windows file name
715 notation, which is useful for the jEdit file browser, for example.
719 New in Isabelle2011-1 (October 2011)
720 ------------------------------------
724 * Improved Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE (PIDE), which can be invoked as
725 "isabelle jedit" or "ISABELLE_HOME/Isabelle" on the command line.
727 - Management of multiple theory files directly from the editor
728 buffer store -- bypassing the file-system (no requirement to save
731 - Markup of formal entities within the text buffer, with semantic
732 highlighting, tooltips and hyperlinks to jump to defining source
735 - Improved text rendering, with sub/superscripts in the source
736 buffer (including support for copy/paste wrt. output panel, HTML
737 theory output and other non-Isabelle text boxes).
739 - Refined scheduling of proof checking and printing of results,
740 based on interactive editor view. (Note: jEdit folding and
741 narrowing allows to restrict buffer perspectives explicitly.)
743 - Reduced CPU performance requirements, usable on machines with few
746 - Reduced memory requirements due to pruning of unused document
747 versions (garbage collection).
749 See also ~~/src/Tools/jEdit/README.html for further information,
750 including some remaining limitations.
752 * Theory loader: source files are exclusively located via the master
753 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
754 The global load path (such as src/HOL/Library) has been discontinued.
755 Note that the path element ~~ may be used to reference theories in the
756 Isabelle home folder -- for instance, "~~/src/HOL/Library/FuncSet".
759 * Theory loader: source files are identified by content via SHA1
760 digests. Discontinued former path/modtime identification and optional
761 ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT plugin scripts.
763 * Parallelization of nested Isar proofs is subject to
764 Goal.parallel_proofs_threshold (default 100). See also isabelle
767 * Name space: former unsynchronized references are now proper
768 configuration options, with more conventional names:
770 long_names ~> names_long
771 short_names ~> names_short
772 unique_names ~> names_unique
774 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, need to declare options in context like this:
776 declare [[names_unique = false]]
778 * Literal facts `prop` may contain dummy patterns, e.g. `_ = _`. Note
779 that the result needs to be unique, which means fact specifications
780 may have to be refined after enriching a proof context.
782 * Attribute "case_names" has been refined: the assumptions in each case
783 can be named now by following the case name with [name1 name2 ...].
785 * Isabelle/Isar reference manual has been updated and extended:
786 - "Synopsis" provides a catalog of main Isar language concepts.
787 - Formal references in syntax diagrams, via @{rail} antiquotation.
788 - Updated material from classic "ref" manual, notably about
789 "Classical Reasoner".
794 * Class bot and top require underlying partial order rather than
795 preorder: uniqueness of bot and top is guaranteed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
797 * Class complete_lattice: generalized a couple of lemmas from sets;
798 generalized theorems INF_cong and SUP_cong. New type classes for
799 complete boolean algebras and complete linear orders. Lemmas
800 Inf_less_iff, less_Sup_iff, INF_less_iff, less_SUP_iff now reside in
801 class complete_linorder.
803 Changed proposition of lemmas Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, Inf_fun_def,
804 Sup_fun_def, Inf_apply, Sup_apply.
806 Removed redundant lemmas (the right hand side gives hints how to
807 replace them for (metis ...), or (simp only: ...) proofs):
809 Inf_singleton ~> Inf_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Inf_empty inf_top_right]
810 Sup_singleton ~> Sup_insert [where A="{}", unfolded Sup_empty sup_bot_right]
811 Inf_binary ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
812 Sup_binary ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
813 Int_eq_Inter ~> Inf_insert, Inf_empty, and inf_top_right
814 Un_eq_Union ~> Sup_insert, Sup_empty, and sup_bot_right
815 Inter_def ~> INF_def, image_def
816 Union_def ~> SUP_def, image_def
817 INT_eq ~> INF_def, and image_def
818 UN_eq ~> SUP_def, and image_def
819 INF_subset ~> INF_superset_mono [OF _ order_refl]
821 More consistent and comprehensive names:
823 INTER_eq_Inter_image ~> INF_def
824 UNION_eq_Union_image ~> SUP_def
828 INF_leI2 ~> INF_lower2
829 le_INFI ~> INF_greatest
831 le_SUPI2 ~> SUP_upper2
833 INFI_bool_eq ~> INF_bool_eq
834 SUPR_bool_eq ~> SUP_bool_eq
835 INFI_apply ~> INF_apply
836 SUPR_apply ~> SUP_apply
837 INTER_def ~> INTER_eq
838 UNION_def ~> UNION_eq
842 * Renamed theory Complete_Lattice to Complete_Lattices.
845 * Theory Complete_Lattices: lemmas Inf_eq_top_iff, INF_eq_top_iff,
846 INF_image, Inf_insert, INF_top, Inf_top_conv, INF_top_conv, SUP_bot,
847 Sup_bot_conv, SUP_bot_conv, Sup_eq_top_iff, SUP_eq_top_iff, SUP_image,
848 Sup_insert are now declared as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
850 * Theory Lattice: lemmas compl_inf_bot, compl_le_comp_iff,
851 compl_sup_top, inf_idem, inf_left_idem, inf_sup_absorb, sup_idem,
852 sup_inf_absob, sup_left_idem are now declared as [simp]. Minor
855 * Added syntactic classes "inf" and "sup" for the respective
856 constants. INCOMPATIBILITY: Changes in the argument order of the
857 (mostly internal) locale predicates for some derived classes.
859 * Theorem collections ball_simps and bex_simps do not contain theorems
860 referring to UNION any longer; these have been moved to collection
861 UN_ball_bex_simps. INCOMPATIBILITY.
863 * Theory Archimedean_Field: floor now is defined as parameter of a
864 separate type class floor_ceiling.
866 * Theory Finite_Set: more coherent development of fold_set locales:
868 locale fun_left_comm ~> locale comp_fun_commute
869 locale fun_left_comm_idem ~> locale comp_fun_idem
871 Both use point-free characterization; interpretation proofs may need
872 adjustment. INCOMPATIBILITY.
874 * Theory Limits: Type "'a net" has been renamed to "'a filter", in
875 accordance with standard mathematical terminology. INCOMPATIBILITY.
877 * Theory Complex_Main: The locale interpretations for the
878 bounded_linear and bounded_bilinear locales have been removed, in
879 order to reduce the number of duplicate lemmas. Users must use the
880 original names for distributivity theorems, potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
882 divide.add ~> add_divide_distrib
883 divide.diff ~> diff_divide_distrib
884 divide.setsum ~> setsum_divide_distrib
885 mult.add_right ~> right_distrib
886 mult.diff_right ~> right_diff_distrib
887 mult_right.setsum ~> setsum_right_distrib
888 mult_left.diff ~> left_diff_distrib
890 * Theory Complex_Main: Several redundant theorems have been removed or
891 replaced by more general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
893 real_diff_def ~> minus_real_def
894 real_divide_def ~> divide_real_def
895 real_less_def ~> less_le
896 real_abs_def ~> abs_real_def
897 real_sgn_def ~> sgn_real_def
898 real_mult_commute ~> mult_commute
899 real_mult_assoc ~> mult_assoc
900 real_mult_1 ~> mult_1_left
901 real_add_mult_distrib ~> left_distrib
902 real_zero_not_eq_one ~> zero_neq_one
903 real_mult_inverse_left ~> left_inverse
904 INVERSE_ZERO ~> inverse_zero
905 real_le_refl ~> order_refl
906 real_le_antisym ~> order_antisym
907 real_le_trans ~> order_trans
908 real_le_linear ~> linear
909 real_le_eq_diff ~> le_iff_diff_le_0
910 real_add_left_mono ~> add_left_mono
911 real_mult_order ~> mult_pos_pos
912 real_mult_less_mono2 ~> mult_strict_left_mono
913 real_of_int_real_of_nat ~> real_of_int_of_nat_eq
914 real_0_le_divide_iff ~> zero_le_divide_iff
915 realpow_two_disj ~> power2_eq_iff
916 real_squared_diff_one_factored ~> square_diff_one_factored
917 realpow_two_diff ~> square_diff_square_factored
918 reals_complete2 ~> complete_real
919 real_sum_squared_expand ~> power2_sum
920 exp_ln_eq ~> ln_unique
922 expi_zero ~> exp_zero
923 lemma_DERIV_subst ~> DERIV_cong
924 LIMSEQ_Zfun_iff ~> tendsto_Zfun_iff
925 LIMSEQ_const ~> tendsto_const
926 LIMSEQ_norm ~> tendsto_norm
927 LIMSEQ_add ~> tendsto_add
928 LIMSEQ_minus ~> tendsto_minus
929 LIMSEQ_minus_cancel ~> tendsto_minus_cancel
930 LIMSEQ_diff ~> tendsto_diff
931 bounded_linear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
932 bounded_bilinear.LIMSEQ ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
933 LIMSEQ_mult ~> tendsto_mult
934 LIMSEQ_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
935 LIMSEQ_divide ~> tendsto_divide
936 LIMSEQ_pow ~> tendsto_power
937 LIMSEQ_setsum ~> tendsto_setsum
938 LIMSEQ_setprod ~> tendsto_setprod
939 LIMSEQ_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
940 LIMSEQ_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
941 LIMSEQ_imp_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
942 LIMSEQ_add_minus ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_minus]
943 LIMSEQ_add_const ~> tendsto_add [OF _ tendsto_const]
944 LIMSEQ_diff_const ~> tendsto_diff [OF _ tendsto_const]
945 LIMSEQ_Complex ~> tendsto_Complex
946 LIM_ident ~> tendsto_ident_at
947 LIM_const ~> tendsto_const
948 LIM_add ~> tendsto_add
949 LIM_add_zero ~> tendsto_add_zero
950 LIM_minus ~> tendsto_minus
951 LIM_diff ~> tendsto_diff
952 LIM_norm ~> tendsto_norm
953 LIM_norm_zero ~> tendsto_norm_zero
954 LIM_norm_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_norm_zero_cancel
955 LIM_norm_zero_iff ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff
956 LIM_rabs ~> tendsto_rabs
957 LIM_rabs_zero ~> tendsto_rabs_zero
958 LIM_rabs_zero_cancel ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_cancel
959 LIM_rabs_zero_iff ~> tendsto_rabs_zero_iff
960 LIM_compose ~> tendsto_compose
961 LIM_mult ~> tendsto_mult
962 LIM_scaleR ~> tendsto_scaleR
963 LIM_of_real ~> tendsto_of_real
964 LIM_power ~> tendsto_power
965 LIM_inverse ~> tendsto_inverse
966 LIM_sgn ~> tendsto_sgn
967 isCont_LIM_compose ~> isCont_tendsto_compose
968 bounded_linear.LIM ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
969 bounded_linear.LIM_zero ~> bounded_linear.tendsto_zero
970 bounded_bilinear.LIM ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto
971 bounded_bilinear.LIM_prod_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_zero
972 bounded_bilinear.LIM_left_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_left_zero
973 bounded_bilinear.LIM_right_zero ~> bounded_bilinear.tendsto_right_zero
974 LIM_inverse_fun ~> tendsto_inverse [OF tendsto_ident_at]
976 * Theory Complex_Main: The definition of infinite series was
977 generalized. Now it is defined on the type class {topological_space,
978 comm_monoid_add}. Hence it is useable also for extended real numbers.
980 * Theory Complex_Main: The complex exponential function "expi" is now
981 a type-constrained abbreviation for "exp :: complex => complex"; thus
982 several polymorphic lemmas about "exp" are now applicable to "expi".
986 - Theory Library/Code_Char_ord provides native ordering of
987 characters in the target language.
989 - Commands code_module and code_library are legacy, use export_code
992 - Method "evaluation" is legacy, use method "eval" instead.
994 - Legacy evaluator "SML" is deactivated by default. May be
995 reactivated by the following theory command:
997 setup {* Value.add_evaluator ("SML", Codegen.eval_term) *}
999 * Declare ext [intro] by default. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
1001 * New proof method "induction" that gives induction hypotheses the
1002 name "IH", thus distinguishing them from further hypotheses that come
1003 from rule induction. The latter are still called "hyps". Method
1004 "induction" is a thin wrapper around "induct" and follows the same
1007 * Method "fastsimp" has been renamed to "fastforce", but "fastsimp" is
1008 still available as a legacy feature for some time.
1011 - Added "need" and "total_consts" options.
1012 - Reintroduced "show_skolems" option by popular demand.
1013 - Renamed attribute: nitpick_def ~> nitpick_unfold.
1017 - Use quasi-sound (and efficient) translations by default.
1018 - Added support for the following provers: E-ToFoF, LEO-II,
1019 Satallax, SNARK, Waldmeister, and Z3 with TPTP syntax.
1020 - Automatically preplay and minimize proofs before showing them if
1021 this can be done within reasonable time.
1022 - sledgehammer available_provers ~> sledgehammer supported_provers.
1024 - Added "preplay_timeout", "slicing", "type_enc", "sound",
1025 "max_mono_iters", and "max_new_mono_instances" options.
1026 - Removed "explicit_apply" and "full_types" options as well as "Full
1027 Types" Proof General menu item. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1030 - Removed "metisF" -- use "metis" instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1031 - Obsoleted "metisFT" -- use "metis (full_types)" instead.
1035 - Renamed 'try_methods' and added "simp:", "intro:", "dest:", and
1036 "elim:" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1037 - Introduced 'try' that not only runs 'try_methods' but also
1038 'solve_direct', 'sledgehammer', 'quickcheck', and 'nitpick'.
1041 - Added "eval" option to evaluate terms for the found counterexample
1042 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
1043 - Added post-processing of terms to obtain readable counterexamples
1044 (currently only supported by the default (exhaustive) tester).
1045 - New counterexample generator quickcheck[narrowing] enables
1046 narrowing-based testing. Requires the Glasgow Haskell compiler
1047 with its installation location defined in the Isabelle settings
1048 environment as ISABELLE_GHC.
1049 - Removed quickcheck tester "SML" based on the SML code generator
1050 (formly in HOL/Library).
1052 * Function package: discontinued option "tailrec". INCOMPATIBILITY,
1053 use 'partial_function' instead.
1055 * Theory Library/Extended_Reals replaces now the positive extended
1056 reals found in probability theory. This file is extended by
1057 Multivariate_Analysis/Extended_Real_Limits.
1059 * Theory Library/Old_Recdef: old 'recdef' package has been moved here,
1060 from where it must be imported explicitly if it is really required.
1063 * Theory Library/Wfrec: well-founded recursion combinator "wfrec" has
1064 been moved here. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1066 * Theory Library/Saturated provides type of numbers with saturated
1069 * Theory Library/Product_Lattice defines a pointwise ordering for the
1070 product type 'a * 'b, and provides instance proofs for various order
1071 and lattice type classes.
1073 * Theory Library/Countable now provides the "countable_datatype" proof
1074 method for proving "countable" class instances for datatypes.
1076 * Theory Library/Cset_Monad allows do notation for computable sets
1077 (cset) via the generic monad ad-hoc overloading facility.
1079 * Library: Theories of common data structures are split into theories
1080 for implementation, an invariant-ensuring type, and connection to an
1081 abstract type. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1083 - RBT is split into RBT and RBT_Mapping.
1084 - AssocList is split and renamed into AList and AList_Mapping.
1085 - DList is split into DList_Impl, DList, and DList_Cset.
1086 - Cset is split into Cset and List_Cset.
1088 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity has been renamed to
1089 Library/Extended_Nat, with name changes of the following types and
1092 type inat ~> type enat
1094 Infty ~> infinity (overloaded)
1098 Every theorem name containing "inat", "Fin", "Infty", or "iSuc" has
1099 been renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1101 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: The euclidean_space type class now
1102 fixes a constant "Basis :: 'a set" consisting of the standard
1103 orthonormal basis for the type. Users now have the option of
1104 quantifying over this set instead of using the "basis" function, e.g.
1105 "ALL x:Basis. P x" vs "ALL i<DIM('a). P (basis i)".
1107 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Type "('a, 'b) cart" has been renamed
1108 to "('a, 'b) vec" (the syntax "'a ^ 'b" remains unaffected). Constants
1109 "Cart_nth" and "Cart_lambda" have been respectively renamed to
1110 "vec_nth" and "vec_lambda"; theorems mentioning those names have
1111 changed to match. Definition theorems for overloaded constants now use
1112 the standard "foo_vec_def" naming scheme. A few other theorems have
1113 been renamed as follows (INCOMPATIBILITY):
1115 Cart_eq ~> vec_eq_iff
1116 dist_nth_le_cart ~> dist_vec_nth_le
1117 tendsto_vector ~> vec_tendstoI
1118 Cauchy_vector ~> vec_CauchyI
1120 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: Several duplicate theorems have been
1121 removed, and other theorems have been renamed or replaced with more
1122 general versions. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1124 finite_choice ~> finite_set_choice
1125 eventually_conjI ~> eventually_conj
1126 eventually_and ~> eventually_conj_iff
1127 eventually_false ~> eventually_False
1128 setsum_norm ~> norm_setsum
1129 Lim_sequentially ~> LIMSEQ_def
1130 Lim_ident_at ~> LIM_ident
1131 Lim_const ~> tendsto_const
1132 Lim_cmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF tendsto_const]
1133 Lim_neg ~> tendsto_minus
1134 Lim_add ~> tendsto_add
1135 Lim_sub ~> tendsto_diff
1136 Lim_mul ~> tendsto_scaleR
1137 Lim_vmul ~> tendsto_scaleR [OF _ tendsto_const]
1138 Lim_null_norm ~> tendsto_norm_zero_iff [symmetric]
1139 Lim_linear ~> bounded_linear.tendsto
1140 Lim_component ~> tendsto_euclidean_component
1141 Lim_component_cart ~> tendsto_vec_nth
1142 Lim_inner ~> tendsto_inner [OF tendsto_const]
1143 dot_lsum ~> inner_setsum_left
1144 dot_rsum ~> inner_setsum_right
1145 continuous_cmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF continuous_const]
1146 continuous_neg ~> continuous_minus
1147 continuous_sub ~> continuous_diff
1148 continuous_vmul ~> continuous_scaleR [OF _ continuous_const]
1149 continuous_mul ~> continuous_scaleR
1150 continuous_inv ~> continuous_inverse
1151 continuous_at_within_inv ~> continuous_at_within_inverse
1152 continuous_at_inv ~> continuous_at_inverse
1153 continuous_at_norm ~> continuous_norm [OF continuous_at_id]
1154 continuous_at_infnorm ~> continuous_infnorm [OF continuous_at_id]
1155 continuous_at_component ~> continuous_component [OF continuous_at_id]
1156 continuous_on_neg ~> continuous_on_minus
1157 continuous_on_sub ~> continuous_on_diff
1158 continuous_on_cmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF continuous_on_const]
1159 continuous_on_vmul ~> continuous_on_scaleR [OF _ continuous_on_const]
1160 continuous_on_mul ~> continuous_on_scaleR
1161 continuous_on_mul_real ~> continuous_on_mult
1162 continuous_on_inner ~> continuous_on_inner [OF continuous_on_const]
1163 continuous_on_norm ~> continuous_on_norm [OF continuous_on_id]
1164 continuous_on_inverse ~> continuous_on_inv
1165 uniformly_continuous_on_neg ~> uniformly_continuous_on_minus
1166 uniformly_continuous_on_sub ~> uniformly_continuous_on_diff
1167 subset_interior ~> interior_mono
1168 subset_closure ~> closure_mono
1169 closure_univ ~> closure_UNIV
1170 real_arch_lt ~> reals_Archimedean2
1171 real_arch ~> reals_Archimedean3
1172 real_abs_norm ~> abs_norm_cancel
1173 real_abs_sub_norm ~> norm_triangle_ineq3
1174 norm_cauchy_schwarz_abs ~> Cauchy_Schwarz_ineq2
1176 * Session HOL-Probability:
1177 - Caratheodory's extension lemma is now proved for ring_of_sets.
1178 - Infinite products of probability measures are now available.
1179 - Sigma closure is independent, if the generator is independent
1180 - Use extended reals instead of positive extended
1181 reals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1183 * Session HOLCF: Discontinued legacy theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
1185 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
1186 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
1187 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
1188 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
1189 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
1190 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
1191 monofun_fun_fun ~> fun_belowD
1192 monofun_fun_arg ~> monofunE
1193 monofun_lub_fun ~> adm_monofun [THEN admD]
1194 cont_lub_fun ~> adm_cont [THEN admD]
1195 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
1196 cont_Rep_CFun_app ~> cont_APP_app
1197 cont_Rep_CFun_app_app ~> cont_APP_app_app
1198 cont_cfun_fun ~> cont_Rep_cfun1 [THEN contE]
1199 cont_cfun_arg ~> cont_Rep_cfun2 [THEN contE]
1200 contlub_cfun ~> lub_APP [symmetric]
1201 contlub_LAM ~> lub_LAM [symmetric]
1204 lift_distinct1 ~> lift.distinct(1)
1205 lift_distinct2 ~> lift.distinct(2)
1206 Def_not_UU ~> lift.distinct(2)
1207 Def_inject ~> lift.inject
1208 below_UU_iff ~> below_bottom_iff
1209 eq_UU_iff ~> eq_bottom_iff
1212 *** Document preparation ***
1214 * Antiquotation @{rail} layouts railroad syntax diagrams, see also
1215 isar-ref manual, both for description and actual application of the
1218 * Antiquotation @{value} evaluates the given term and presents its
1221 * Antiquotations: term style "isub" provides ad-hoc conversion of
1222 variables x1, y23 into subscripted form x\<^isub>1,
1223 y\<^isub>2\<^isub>3.
1225 * Predefined LaTeX macros for Isabelle symbols \<bind> and \<then>
1226 (e.g. see ~~/src/HOL/Library/Monad_Syntax.thy).
1228 * Localized \isabellestyle switch can be used within blocks or groups
1231 \isabellestyle{it} %preferred default
1232 {\isabellestylett @{text "typewriter stuff"}}
1234 * Discontinued special treatment of hard tabulators. Implicit
1235 tab-width is now defined as 1. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY for visual
1241 * The inner syntax of sort/type/term/prop supports inlined YXML
1242 representations within quoted string tokens. By encoding logical
1243 entities via Term_XML (in ML or Scala) concrete syntax can be
1244 bypassed, which is particularly useful for producing bits of text
1245 under external program control.
1247 * Antiquotations for ML and document preparation are managed as theory
1248 data, which requires explicit setup.
1250 * Isabelle_Process.is_active allows tools to check if the official
1251 process wrapper is running (Isabelle/Scala/jEdit) or the old TTY loop
1252 (better known as Proof General).
1254 * Structure Proof_Context follows standard naming scheme. Old
1255 ProofContext is still available for some time as legacy alias.
1257 * Structure Timing provides various operations for timing; supersedes
1258 former start_timing/end_timing etc.
1260 * Path.print is the official way to show file-system paths to users
1261 (including quotes etc.).
1263 * Inner syntax: identifiers in parse trees of generic categories
1264 "logic", "aprop", "idt" etc. carry position information (disguised as
1265 type constraints). Occasional INCOMPATIBILITY with non-compliant
1266 translations that choke on unexpected type constraints. Positions can
1267 be stripped in ML translations via Syntax.strip_positions /
1268 Syntax.strip_positions_ast, or via the syntax constant
1269 "_strip_positions" within parse trees. As last resort, positions can
1270 be disabled via the configuration option Syntax.positions, which is
1271 called "syntax_positions" in Isar attribute syntax.
1273 * Discontinued special status of various ML structures that contribute
1274 to structure Syntax (Ast, Lexicon, Mixfix, Parser, Printer etc.): less
1275 pervasive content, no inclusion in structure Syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY,
1276 refer directly to Ast.Constant, Lexicon.is_identifier,
1277 Syntax_Trans.mk_binder_tr etc.
1279 * Typed print translation: discontinued show_sorts argument, which is
1280 already available via context of "advanced" translation.
1282 * Refined PARALLEL_GOALS tactical: degrades gracefully for schematic
1283 goal states; body tactic needs to address all subgoals uniformly.
1285 * Slightly more special eq_list/eq_set, with shortcut involving
1286 pointer equality (assumes that eq relation is reflexive).
1288 * Classical tactics use proper Proof.context instead of historic types
1289 claset/clasimpset. Old-style declarations like addIs, addEs, addDs
1290 operate directly on Proof.context. Raw type claset retains its use as
1291 snapshot of the classical context, which can be recovered via
1292 (put_claset HOL_cs) etc. Type clasimpset has been discontinued.
1293 INCOMPATIBILITY, classical tactics and derived proof methods require
1294 proper Proof.context.
1299 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.2, which was the last version
1300 without proper multithreading and TimeLimit implementation.
1302 * Discontinued old lib/scripts/polyml-platform, which has been
1303 obsolete since Isabelle2009-2.
1305 * Various optional external tools are referenced more robustly and
1306 uniformly by explicit Isabelle settings as follows:
1308 ISABELLE_CSDP (formerly CSDP_EXE)
1309 ISABELLE_GHC (formerly EXEC_GHC or GHC_PATH)
1310 ISABELLE_OCAML (formerly EXEC_OCAML)
1311 ISABELLE_SWIPL (formerly EXEC_SWIPL)
1312 ISABELLE_YAP (formerly EXEC_YAP)
1314 Note that automated detection from the file-system or search path has
1315 been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1317 * Scala layer provides JVM method invocation service for static
1318 methods of type (String)String, see Invoke_Scala.method in ML. For
1321 Invoke_Scala.method "java.lang.System.getProperty" "java.home"
1323 Together with YXML.string_of_body/parse_body and XML.Encode/Decode
1324 this allows to pass structured values between ML and Scala.
1326 * The IsabelleText fonts includes some further glyphs to support the
1327 Prover IDE. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: users who happen to have
1328 installed a local copy (which is normally *not* required) need to
1329 delete or update it from ~~/lib/fonts/.
1333 New in Isabelle2011 (January 2011)
1334 ----------------------------------
1338 * Experimental Prover IDE based on Isabelle/Scala and jEdit (see
1339 src/Tools/jEdit). This also serves as IDE for Isabelle/ML, with
1340 useful tooltips and hyperlinks produced from its static analysis. The
1341 bundled component provides an executable Isabelle tool that can be run
1344 Isabelle2011/bin/isabelle jedit
1346 * Significantly improved Isabelle/Isar implementation manual.
1348 * System settings: ISABELLE_HOME_USER now includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER
1349 (and thus refers to something like $HOME/.isabelle/Isabelle2011),
1350 while the default heap location within that directory lacks that extra
1351 suffix. This isolates multiple Isabelle installations from each
1352 other, avoiding problems with old settings in new versions.
1353 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to copy/upgrade old user settings manually.
1355 * Source files are always encoded as UTF-8, instead of old-fashioned
1356 ISO-Latin-1. INCOMPATIBILITY. Isabelle LaTeX documents might require
1357 the following package declarations:
1359 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
1360 \usepackage{textcomp}
1362 * Explicit treatment of UTF-8 sequences as Isabelle symbols, such that
1363 a Unicode character is treated as a single symbol, not a sequence of
1364 non-ASCII bytes as before. Since Isabelle/ML string literals may
1365 contain symbols without further backslash escapes, Unicode can now be
1366 used here as well. Recall that Symbol.explode in ML provides a
1367 consistent view on symbols, while raw explode (or String.explode)
1368 merely give a byte-oriented representation.
1370 * Theory loader: source files are primarily located via the master
1371 directory of each theory node (where the .thy file itself resides).
1372 The global load path is still partially available as legacy feature.
1373 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY due to subtle change in file lookup: use
1374 explicit paths, relatively to the theory.
1376 * Special treatment of ML file names has been discontinued.
1377 Historically, optional extensions .ML or .sml were added on demand --
1378 at the cost of clarity of file dependencies. Recall that Isabelle/ML
1379 files exclusively use the .ML extension. Minor INCOMPATIBILTY.
1381 * Various options that affect pretty printing etc. are now properly
1382 handled within the context via configuration options, instead of
1383 unsynchronized references or print modes. There are both ML Config.T
1384 entities and Isar declaration attributes to access these.
1386 ML (Config.T) Isar (attribute)
1388 eta_contract eta_contract
1389 show_brackets show_brackets
1390 show_sorts show_sorts
1391 show_types show_types
1392 show_question_marks show_question_marks
1393 show_consts show_consts
1394 show_abbrevs show_abbrevs
1396 Syntax.ast_trace syntax_ast_trace
1397 Syntax.ast_stat syntax_ast_stat
1398 Syntax.ambiguity_level syntax_ambiguity_level
1400 Goal_Display.goals_limit goals_limit
1401 Goal_Display.show_main_goal show_main_goal
1403 Method.rule_trace rule_trace
1405 Thy_Output.display thy_output_display
1406 Thy_Output.quotes thy_output_quotes
1407 Thy_Output.indent thy_output_indent
1408 Thy_Output.source thy_output_source
1409 Thy_Output.break thy_output_break
1411 Note that corresponding "..._default" references in ML may only be
1412 changed globally at the ROOT session setup, but *not* within a theory.
1413 The option "show_abbrevs" supersedes the former print mode
1414 "no_abbrevs" with inverted meaning.
1416 * More systematic naming of some configuration options.
1419 trace_simp ~> simp_trace
1420 debug_simp ~> simp_debug
1422 * Support for real valued configuration options, using simplistic
1423 floating-point notation that coincides with the inner syntax for
1426 * Support for real valued preferences (with approximative PGIP type):
1427 front-ends need to accept "pgint" values in float notation.
1430 * The IsabelleText font now includes Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic from
1433 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 5.0 and 5.1 versions.
1438 * Command 'type_synonym' (with single argument) replaces somewhat
1439 outdated 'types', which is still available as legacy feature for some
1442 * Command 'nonterminal' (with 'and' separated list of arguments)
1443 replaces somewhat outdated 'nonterminals'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1445 * Command 'notepad' replaces former 'example_proof' for
1446 experimentation in Isar without any result. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1448 * Locale interpretation commands 'interpret' and 'sublocale' accept
1449 lists of equations to map definitions in a locale to appropriate
1450 entities in the context of the interpretation. The 'interpretation'
1451 command already provided this functionality.
1453 * Diagnostic command 'print_dependencies' prints the locale instances
1454 that would be activated if the specified expression was interpreted in
1455 the current context. Variant "print_dependencies!" assumes a context
1456 without interpretations.
1458 * Diagnostic command 'print_interps' prints interpretations in proofs
1459 in addition to interpretations in theories.
1461 * Discontinued obsolete 'global' and 'local' commands to manipulate
1462 the theory name space. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY. The ML functions
1463 Sign.root_path and Sign.local_path may be applied directly where this
1464 feature is still required for historical reasons.
1466 * Discontinued obsolete 'constdefs' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
1467 'definition' instead.
1469 * The "prems" fact, which refers to the accidental collection of
1470 foundational premises in the context, is now explicitly marked as
1471 legacy feature and will be discontinued soon. Consider using "assms"
1472 of the head statement or reference facts by explicit names.
1474 * Document antiquotations @{class} and @{type} print classes and type
1477 * Document antiquotation @{file} checks file/directory entries within
1478 the local file system.
1483 * Coercive subtyping: functions can be declared as coercions and type
1484 inference will add them as necessary upon input of a term. Theory
1485 Complex_Main declares real :: nat => real and real :: int => real as
1486 coercions. A coercion function f is declared like this:
1488 declare [[coercion f]]
1490 To lift coercions through type constructors (e.g. from nat => real to
1491 nat list => real list), map functions can be declared, e.g.
1493 declare [[coercion_map map]]
1495 Currently coercion inference is activated only in theories including
1496 real numbers, i.e. descendants of Complex_Main. This is controlled by
1497 the configuration option "coercion_enabled", e.g. it can be enabled in
1498 other theories like this:
1500 declare [[coercion_enabled]]
1502 * Command 'partial_function' provides basic support for recursive
1503 function definitions over complete partial orders. Concrete instances
1504 are provided for i) the option type, ii) tail recursion on arbitrary
1505 types, and iii) the heap monad of Imperative_HOL. See
1506 src/HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy and src/HOL/Imperative_HOL/ex/Linked_Lists.thy
1509 * Function package: f.psimps rules are no longer implicitly declared
1510 as [simp]. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1512 * Datatype package: theorems generated for executable equality (class
1513 "eq") carry proper names and are treated as default code equations.
1515 * Inductive package: now offers command 'inductive_simps' to
1516 automatically derive instantiated and simplified equations for
1517 inductive predicates, similar to 'inductive_cases'.
1519 * Command 'enriched_type' allows to register properties of the
1520 functorial structure of types.
1522 * Improved infrastructure for term evaluation using code generator
1523 techniques, in particular static evaluation conversions.
1525 * Code generator: Scala (2.8 or higher) has been added to the target
1528 * Code generator: globbing constant expressions "*" and "Theory.*"
1529 have been replaced by the more idiomatic "_" and "Theory._".
1532 * Code generator: export_code without explicit file declaration prints
1533 to standard output. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1535 * Code generator: do not print function definitions for case
1536 combinators any longer.
1538 * Code generator: simplification with rules determined with
1539 src/Tools/Code/code_simp.ML and method "code_simp".
1541 * Code generator for records: more idiomatic representation of record
1542 types. Warning: records are not covered by ancient SML code
1543 generation any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY. In cases of need, a suitable
1544 rep_datatype declaration helps to succeed then:
1548 rep_datatype foo_ext ...
1550 * Records: logical foundation type for records does not carry a
1551 '_type' suffix any longer (obsolete due to authentic syntax).
1554 * Quickcheck now by default uses exhaustive testing instead of random
1555 testing. Random testing can be invoked by "quickcheck [random]",
1556 exhaustive testing by "quickcheck [exhaustive]".
1558 * Quickcheck instantiates polymorphic types with small finite
1559 datatypes by default. This enables a simple execution mechanism to
1560 handle quantifiers and function equality over the finite datatypes.
1562 * Quickcheck random generator has been renamed from "code" to
1563 "random". INCOMPATIBILITY.
1565 * Quickcheck now has a configurable time limit which is set to 30
1566 seconds by default. This can be changed by adding [timeout = n] to the
1567 quickcheck command. The time limit for Auto Quickcheck is still set
1570 * Quickcheck in locales considers interpretations of that locale for
1571 counter example search.
1574 - Added "smt" and "remote_smt" provers based on the "smt" proof
1575 method. See the Sledgehammer manual for details ("isabelle doc
1578 sledgehammer atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_provers
1579 sledgehammer atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_provers
1580 sledgehammer available_atps ~> sledgehammer available_provers
1583 sledgehammer [atps = ...] ~> sledgehammer [provers = ...]
1584 sledgehammer [atp = ...] ~> sledgehammer [prover = ...]
1585 sledgehammer [timeout = 77 s] ~> sledgehammer [timeout = 77]
1586 (and "ms" and "min" are no longer supported)
1591 nitpick [timeout = 77 s] ~> nitpick [timeout = 77]
1592 nitpick [tac_timeout = 777 ms] ~> nitpick [tac_timeout = 0.777]
1594 - Added support for partial quotient types.
1595 - Added local versions of the "Nitpick.register_xxx" functions.
1596 - Added "whack" option.
1597 - Allow registration of quotient types as codatatypes.
1598 - Improved "merge_type_vars" option to merge more types.
1599 - Removed unsound "fast_descrs" option.
1600 - Added custom symmetry breaking for datatypes, making it possible to reach
1601 higher cardinalities.
1602 - Prevent the expansion of too large definitions.
1604 * Proof methods "metis" and "meson" now have configuration options
1605 "meson_trace", "metis_trace", and "metis_verbose" that can be enabled
1606 to diagnose these tools. E.g.
1608 using [[metis_trace = true]]
1610 * Auto Solve: Renamed "Auto Solve Direct". The tool is now available
1611 manually as command 'solve_direct'.
1613 * The default SMT solver Z3 must be enabled explicitly (due to
1614 licensing issues) by setting the environment variable
1615 Z3_NON_COMMERCIAL in etc/settings of the component, for example. For
1616 commercial applications, the SMT solver CVC3 is provided as fall-back;
1617 changing the SMT solver is done via the configuration option
1620 * Remote SMT solvers need to be referred to by the "remote_" prefix,
1621 i.e. "remote_cvc3" and "remote_z3".
1623 * Added basic SMT support for datatypes, records, and typedefs using
1624 the oracle mode (no proofs). Direct support of pairs has been dropped
1625 in exchange (pass theorems fst_conv snd_conv pair_collapse to the SMT
1626 support for a similar behavior). Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
1628 * Changed SMT configuration options:
1630 z3_proofs ~> smt_oracle (with inverted meaning)
1631 z3_trace_assms ~> smt_trace_used_facts
1644 * Boogie output files (.b2i files) need to be declared in the theory
1647 * Simplification procedure "list_to_set_comprehension" rewrites list
1648 comprehensions applied to List.set to set comprehensions. Occasional
1649 INCOMPATIBILITY, may be deactivated like this:
1651 declare [[simproc del: list_to_set_comprehension]]
1653 * Removed old version of primrec package. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1655 * Removed simplifier congruence rule of "prod_case", as has for long
1656 been the case with "split". INCOMPATIBILITY.
1658 * String.literal is a type, but not a datatype. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1660 * Removed [split_format ... and ... and ...] version of
1661 [split_format]. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
1663 * Predicate "sorted" now defined inductively, with nice induction
1664 rules. INCOMPATIBILITY: former sorted.simps now named sorted_simps.
1666 * Constant "contents" renamed to "the_elem", to free the generic name
1667 contents for other uses. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1669 * Renamed class eq and constant eq (for code generation) to class
1670 equal and constant equal, plus renaming of related facts and various
1671 tuning. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1673 * Dropped type classes mult_mono and mult_mono1. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1675 * Removed output syntax "'a ~=> 'b" for "'a => 'b option".
1678 * Renamed theory Fset to Cset, type Fset.fset to Cset.set, in order to
1679 avoid confusion with finite sets. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1681 * Abandoned locales equiv, congruent and congruent2 for equivalence
1682 relations. INCOMPATIBILITY: use equivI rather than equiv_intro (same
1685 * Some previously unqualified names have been qualified:
1692 Trueprop ~> HOL.Trueprop
1697 op --> ~> HOL.implies
1709 Pair ~> Product_Type.Pair
1710 fst ~> Product_Type.fst
1711 snd ~> Product_Type.snd
1712 curry ~> Product_Type.curry
1714 Collect ~> Set.Collect
1718 * More canonical naming convention for some fundamental definitions:
1720 bot_bool_eq ~> bot_bool_def
1721 top_bool_eq ~> top_bool_def
1722 inf_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_def
1723 sup_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_def
1724 bot_fun_eq ~> bot_fun_def
1725 top_fun_eq ~> top_fun_def
1726 inf_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_def
1727 sup_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_def
1731 * More stylized fact names:
1733 expand_fun_eq ~> fun_eq_iff
1734 expand_set_eq ~> set_eq_iff
1736 nat_number ~> eval_nat_numeral
1740 * Refactoring of code-generation specific operations in theory List:
1746 mem_iff ~> member_def
1747 null_empty ~> null_def
1749 INCOMPATIBILITY. Note that these were not supposed to be used
1750 regularly unless for striking reasons; their main purpose was code
1753 Various operations from the Haskell prelude are used for generating
1756 * Term "bij f" is now an abbreviation of "bij_betw f UNIV UNIV". Term
1757 "surj f" is now an abbreviation of "range f = UNIV". The theorems
1758 bij_def and surj_def are unchanged. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1760 * Abolished some non-alphabetic type names: "prod" and "sum" replace
1761 "*" and "+" respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1763 * Name "Plus" of disjoint sum operator "<+>" is now hidden. Write
1764 "Sum_Type.Plus" instead.
1766 * Constant "split" has been merged with constant "prod_case"; names of
1767 ML functions, facts etc. involving split have been retained so far,
1768 though. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1770 * Dropped old infix syntax "_ mem _" for List.member; use "_ : set _"
1771 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1773 * Removed lemma "Option.is_none_none" which duplicates "is_none_def".
1776 * Former theory Library/Enum is now part of the HOL-Main image.
1777 INCOMPATIBILITY: all constants of the Enum theory now have to be
1778 referred to by its qualified name.
1781 nlists ~> Enum.nlists
1782 product ~> Enum.product
1784 * Theory Library/Monad_Syntax provides do-syntax for monad types.
1785 Syntax in Library/State_Monad has been changed to avoid ambiguities.
1788 * Theory Library/SetsAndFunctions has been split into
1789 Library/Function_Algebras and Library/Set_Algebras; canonical names
1790 for instance definitions for functions; various improvements.
1793 * Theory Library/Multiset provides stable quicksort implementation of
1796 * Theory Library/Multiset: renamed empty_idemp ~> empty_neutral.
1799 * Session Multivariate_Analysis: introduced a type class for euclidean
1800 space. Most theorems are now stated in terms of euclidean spaces
1801 instead of finite cartesian products.
1804 real ^ 'n ~> 'a::real_vector
1805 ~> 'a::euclidean_space
1806 ~> 'a::ordered_euclidean_space
1807 (depends on your needs)
1811 \<chi> x. _ ~> \<chi>\<chi> x. _
1814 Also note that the indices are now natural numbers and not from some
1815 finite type. Finite cartesian products of euclidean spaces, products
1816 of euclidean spaces the real and complex numbers are instantiated to
1817 be euclidean_spaces. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1819 * Session Probability: introduced pextreal as positive extended real
1820 numbers. Use pextreal as value for measures. Introduce the
1821 Radon-Nikodym derivative, product spaces and Fubini's theorem for
1822 arbitrary sigma finite measures. Introduces Lebesgue measure based on
1823 the integral in Multivariate Analysis. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1825 * Session Imperative_HOL: revamped, corrected dozens of inadequacies.
1828 * Session SPARK (with image HOL-SPARK) provides commands to load and
1829 prove verification conditions generated by the SPARK Ada program
1830 verifier. See also src/HOL/SPARK and src/HOL/SPARK/Examples.
1835 * Theorems for additive ring operations (locale abelian_monoid and
1836 descendants) are generated by interpretation from their multiplicative
1837 counterparts. Names (in particular theorem names) have the mandatory
1838 qualifier 'add'. Previous theorem names are redeclared for
1841 * Structure "int_ring" is now an abbreviation (previously a
1842 definition). This fits more natural with advanced interpretations.
1847 * The domain package now runs in definitional mode by default: The
1848 former command 'new_domain' is now called 'domain'. To use the domain
1849 package in its original axiomatic mode, use 'domain (unsafe)'.
1852 * The new class "domain" is now the default sort. Class "predomain"
1853 is an unpointed version of "domain". Theories can be updated by
1854 replacing sort annotations as shown below. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1856 'a::type ~> 'a::countable
1857 'a::cpo ~> 'a::predomain
1858 'a::pcpo ~> 'a::domain
1860 * The old type class "rep" has been superseded by class "domain".
1861 Accordingly, users of the definitional package must remove any
1862 "default_sort rep" declarations. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1864 * The domain package (definitional mode) now supports unpointed
1865 predomain argument types, as long as they are marked 'lazy'. (Strict
1866 arguments must be in class "domain".) For example, the following
1867 domain definition now works:
1869 domain natlist = nil | cons (lazy "nat discr") (lazy "natlist")
1871 * Theory HOLCF/Library/HOL_Cpo provides cpo and predomain class
1872 instances for types from main HOL: bool, nat, int, char, 'a + 'b,
1873 'a option, and 'a list. Additionally, it configures fixrec and the
1874 domain package to work with these types. For example:
1876 fixrec isInl :: "('a + 'b) u -> tr"
1877 where "isInl$(up$(Inl x)) = TT" | "isInl$(up$(Inr y)) = FF"
1879 domain V = VFun (lazy "V -> V") | VCon (lazy "nat") (lazy "V list")
1881 * The "(permissive)" option of fixrec has been replaced with a
1882 per-equation "(unchecked)" option. See
1883 src/HOL/HOLCF/Tutorial/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1885 * The "bifinite" class no longer fixes a constant "approx"; the class
1886 now just asserts that such a function exists. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1888 * Former type "alg_defl" has been renamed to "defl". HOLCF no longer
1889 defines an embedding of type 'a defl into udom by default; instances
1890 of "bifinite" and "domain" classes are available in
1891 src/HOL/HOLCF/Library/Defl_Bifinite.thy.
1893 * The syntax "REP('a)" has been replaced with "DEFL('a)".
1895 * The predicate "directed" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1897 * The type class "finite_po" has been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1899 * The function "cprod_map" has been renamed to "prod_map".
1902 * The monadic bind operator on each powerdomain has new binder syntax
1903 similar to sets, e.g. "\<Union>\<sharp>x\<in>xs. t" represents
1904 "upper_bind\<cdot>xs\<cdot>(\<Lambda> x. t)".
1906 * The infix syntax for binary union on each powerdomain has changed
1907 from e.g. "+\<sharp>" to "\<union>\<sharp>", for consistency with set
1908 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1910 * The constant "UU" has been renamed to "bottom". The syntax "UU" is
1911 still supported as an input translation.
1913 * Renamed some theorems (the original names are also still available).
1915 expand_fun_below ~> fun_below_iff
1916 below_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
1917 expand_cfun_eq ~> cfun_eq_iff
1918 ext_cfun ~> cfun_eqI
1919 expand_cfun_below ~> cfun_below_iff
1920 below_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
1921 cont2cont_Rep_CFun ~> cont2cont_APP
1923 * The Abs and Rep functions for various types have changed names.
1924 Related theorem names have also changed to match. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1926 Rep_CFun ~> Rep_cfun
1927 Abs_CFun ~> Abs_cfun
1928 Rep_Sprod ~> Rep_sprod
1929 Abs_Sprod ~> Abs_sprod
1930 Rep_Ssum ~> Rep_ssum
1931 Abs_Ssum ~> Abs_ssum
1933 * Lemmas with names of the form *_defined_iff or *_strict_iff have
1934 been renamed to *_bottom_iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1936 * Various changes to bisimulation/coinduction with domain package:
1938 - Definitions of "bisim" constants no longer mention definedness.
1939 - With mutual recursion, "bisim" predicate is now curried.
1940 - With mutual recursion, each type gets a separate coind theorem.
1941 - Variable names in bisim_def and coinduct rules have changed.
1945 * Case combinators generated by the domain package for type "foo" are
1946 now named "foo_case" instead of "foo_when". INCOMPATIBILITY.
1948 * Several theorems have been renamed to more accurately reflect the
1949 names of constants and types involved. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1951 thelub_const ~> lub_const
1952 lub_const ~> is_lub_const
1954 is_lub_lub ~> is_lubD2
1956 unique_lub ~> is_lub_unique
1957 is_ub_lub ~> is_lub_rangeD1
1958 lub_bin_chain ~> is_lub_bin_chain
1959 lub_fun ~> is_lub_fun
1960 thelub_fun ~> lub_fun
1961 thelub_cfun ~> lub_cfun
1962 thelub_Pair ~> lub_Pair
1963 lub_cprod ~> is_lub_prod
1964 thelub_cprod ~> lub_prod
1965 minimal_cprod ~> minimal_prod
1966 inst_cprod_pcpo ~> inst_prod_pcpo
1968 compact_UU ~> compact_bottom
1969 deflation_UU ~> deflation_bottom
1970 finite_deflation_UU ~> finite_deflation_bottom
1972 * Many legacy theorem names have been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY.
1974 sq_ord_less_eq_trans ~> below_eq_trans
1975 sq_ord_eq_less_trans ~> eq_below_trans
1976 refl_less ~> below_refl
1977 trans_less ~> below_trans
1978 antisym_less ~> below_antisym
1979 antisym_less_inverse ~> po_eq_conv [THEN iffD1]
1980 box_less ~> box_below
1981 rev_trans_less ~> rev_below_trans
1982 not_less2not_eq ~> not_below2not_eq
1983 less_UU_iff ~> below_UU_iff
1984 flat_less_iff ~> flat_below_iff
1985 adm_less ~> adm_below
1986 adm_not_less ~> adm_not_below
1987 adm_compact_not_less ~> adm_compact_not_below
1988 less_fun_def ~> below_fun_def
1989 expand_fun_less ~> fun_below_iff
1990 less_fun_ext ~> fun_belowI
1991 less_discr_def ~> below_discr_def
1992 discr_less_eq ~> discr_below_eq
1993 less_unit_def ~> below_unit_def
1994 less_cprod_def ~> below_prod_def
1995 prod_lessI ~> prod_belowI
1996 Pair_less_iff ~> Pair_below_iff
1997 fst_less_iff ~> fst_below_iff
1998 snd_less_iff ~> snd_below_iff
1999 expand_cfun_less ~> cfun_below_iff
2000 less_cfun_ext ~> cfun_belowI
2001 injection_less ~> injection_below
2002 less_up_def ~> below_up_def
2003 not_Iup_less ~> not_Iup_below
2004 Iup_less ~> Iup_below
2006 Def_inject_less_eq ~> Def_below_Def
2007 Def_less_is_eq ~> Def_below_iff
2008 spair_less_iff ~> spair_below_iff
2009 less_sprod ~> below_sprod
2010 spair_less ~> spair_below
2011 sfst_less_iff ~> sfst_below_iff
2012 ssnd_less_iff ~> ssnd_below_iff
2013 fix_least_less ~> fix_least_below
2014 dist_less_one ~> dist_below_one
2015 less_ONE ~> below_ONE
2016 ONE_less_iff ~> ONE_below_iff
2017 less_sinlD ~> below_sinlD
2018 less_sinrD ~> below_sinrD
2023 * All constant names are now qualified internally and use proper
2024 identifiers, e.g. "IFOL.eq" instead of "op =". INCOMPATIBILITY.
2029 * Antiquotation @{assert} inlines a function bool -> unit that raises
2030 Fail if the argument is false. Due to inlining the source position of
2031 failed assertions is included in the error output.
2033 * Discontinued antiquotation @{theory_ref}, which is obsolete since ML
2034 text is in practice always evaluated with a stable theory checkpoint.
2035 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use (Theory.check_thy @{theory}) instead.
2037 * Antiquotation @{theory A} refers to theory A from the ancestry of
2038 the current context, not any accidental theory loader state as before.
2039 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, subtle change in semantics.
2041 * Syntax.pretty_priority (default 0) configures the required priority
2042 of pretty-printed output and thus affects insertion of parentheses.
2044 * Syntax.default_root (default "any") configures the inner syntax
2045 category (nonterminal symbol) for parsing of terms.
2047 * Former exception Library.UnequalLengths now coincides with
2048 ListPair.UnequalLengths.
2050 * Renamed structure MetaSimplifier to Raw_Simplifier. Note that the
2051 main functionality is provided by structure Simplifier.
2053 * Renamed raw "explode" function to "raw_explode" to emphasize its
2054 meaning. Note that internally to Isabelle, Symbol.explode is used in
2055 almost all situations.
2057 * Discontinued obsolete function sys_error and exception SYS_ERROR.
2058 See implementation manual for further details on exceptions in
2061 * Renamed setmp_noncritical to Unsynchronized.setmp to emphasize its
2064 * Renamed structure PureThy to Pure_Thy and moved most of its
2065 operations to structure Global_Theory, to emphasize that this is
2066 rarely-used global-only stuff.
2068 * Discontinued Output.debug. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, use plain writeln
2069 instead (or tracing for high-volume output).
2071 * Configuration option show_question_marks only affects regular pretty
2072 printing of types and terms, not raw Term.string_of_vname.
2074 * ML_Context.thm and ML_Context.thms are no longer pervasive. Rare
2075 INCOMPATIBILITY, superseded by static antiquotations @{thm} and
2076 @{thms} for most purposes.
2078 * ML structure Unsynchronized is never opened, not even in Isar
2079 interaction mode as before. Old Unsynchronized.set etc. have been
2080 discontinued -- use plain := instead. This should be *rare* anyway,
2081 since modern tools always work via official context data, notably
2082 configuration options.
2084 * Parallel and asynchronous execution requires special care concerning
2085 interrupts. Structure Exn provides some convenience functions that
2086 avoid working directly with raw Interrupt. User code must not absorb
2087 interrupts -- intermediate handling (for cleanup etc.) needs to be
2088 followed by re-raising of the original exception. Another common
2089 source of mistakes are "handle _" patterns, which make the meaning of
2090 the program subject to physical effects of the environment.
2094 New in Isabelle2009-2 (June 2010)
2095 ---------------------------------
2099 * Authentic syntax for *all* logical entities (type classes, type
2100 constructors, term constants): provides simple and robust
2101 correspondence between formal entities and concrete syntax. Within
2102 the parse tree / AST representations, "constants" are decorated by
2103 their category (class, type, const) and spelled out explicitly with
2104 their full internal name.
2106 Substantial INCOMPATIBILITY concerning low-level syntax declarations
2107 and translations (translation rules and translation functions in ML).
2108 Some hints on upgrading:
2110 - Many existing uses of 'syntax' and 'translations' can be replaced
2111 by more modern 'type_notation', 'notation' and 'abbreviation',
2112 which are independent of this issue.
2114 - 'translations' require markup within the AST; the term syntax
2115 provides the following special forms:
2117 CONST c -- produces syntax version of constant c from context
2118 XCONST c -- literally c, checked as constant from context
2119 c -- literally c, if declared by 'syntax'
2121 Plain identifiers are treated as AST variables -- occasionally the
2122 system indicates accidental variables via the error "rhs contains
2125 Type classes and type constructors are marked according to their
2126 concrete syntax. Some old translations rules need to be written
2127 for the "type" category, using type constructor application
2128 instead of pseudo-term application of the default category
2131 - 'parse_translation' etc. in ML may use the following
2134 @{class_syntax c} -- type class c within parse tree / AST
2135 @{term_syntax c} -- type constructor c within parse tree / AST
2136 @{const_syntax c} -- ML version of "CONST c" above
2137 @{syntax_const c} -- literally c (checked wrt. 'syntax' declarations)
2139 - Literal types within 'typed_print_translations', i.e. those *not*
2140 represented as pseudo-terms are represented verbatim. Use @{class
2141 c} or @{type_name c} here instead of the above syntax
2144 Note that old non-authentic syntax was based on unqualified base
2145 names, so all of the above "constant" names would coincide. Recall
2146 that 'print_syntax' and ML_command "set Syntax.trace_ast" help to
2147 diagnose syntax problems.
2149 * Type constructors admit general mixfix syntax, not just infix.
2151 * Concrete syntax may be attached to local entities without a proof
2152 body, too. This works via regular mixfix annotations for 'fix',
2153 'def', 'obtain' etc. or via the explicit 'write' command, which is
2154 similar to the 'notation' command in theory specifications.
2156 * Discontinued unnamed infix syntax (legacy feature for many years) --
2157 need to specify constant name and syntax separately. Internal ML
2158 datatype constructors have been renamed from InfixName to Infix etc.
2159 Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2161 * Schematic theorem statements need to be explicitly markup as such,
2162 via commands 'schematic_lemma', 'schematic_theorem',
2163 'schematic_corollary'. Thus the relevance of the proof is made
2164 syntactically clear, which impacts performance in a parallel or
2165 asynchronous interactive environment. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2167 * Use of cumulative prems via "!" in some proof methods has been
2168 discontinued (old legacy feature).
2170 * References 'trace_simp' and 'debug_simp' have been replaced by
2171 configuration options stored in the context. Enabling tracing (the
2172 case of debugging is similar) in proofs works via
2174 using [[trace_simp = true]]
2176 Tracing is then active for all invocations of the simplifier in
2177 subsequent goal refinement steps. Tracing may also still be enabled or
2178 disabled via the ProofGeneral settings menu.
2180 * Separate commands 'hide_class', 'hide_type', 'hide_const',
2181 'hide_fact' replace the former 'hide' KIND command. Minor
2184 * Improved parallelism of proof term normalization: usedir -p2 -q0 is
2185 more efficient than combinations with -q1 or -q2.
2190 * Proofterms record type-class reasoning explicitly, using the
2191 "unconstrain" operation internally. This eliminates all sort
2192 constraints from a theorem and proof, introducing explicit
2193 OFCLASS-premises. On the proof term level, this operation is
2194 automatically applied at theorem boundaries, such that closed proofs
2195 are always free of sort constraints. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools that
2196 inspect proof terms.
2198 * Local theory specifications may depend on extra type variables that
2199 are not present in the result type -- arguments TYPE('a) :: 'a itself
2200 are added internally. For example:
2202 definition unitary :: bool where "unitary = (ALL (x::'a) y. x = y)"
2204 * Predicates of locales introduced by classes carry a mandatory
2205 "class" prefix. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2207 * Vacuous class specifications observe default sort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2209 * Old 'axclass' command has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
2212 * Command 'code_reflect' allows to incorporate generated ML code into
2213 runtime environment; replaces immature code_datatype antiquotation.
2216 * Code generator: simple concept for abstract datatypes obeying
2219 * Code generator: details of internal data cache have no impact on the
2220 user space functionality any longer.
2222 * Methods "unfold_locales" and "intro_locales" ignore non-locale
2223 subgoals. This is more appropriate for interpretations with 'where'.
2226 * Command 'example_proof' opens an empty proof body. This allows to
2227 experiment with Isar, without producing any persistent result.
2229 * Commands 'type_notation' and 'no_type_notation' declare type syntax
2230 within a local theory context, with explicit checking of the
2231 constructors involved (in contrast to the raw 'syntax' versions).
2233 * Commands 'types' and 'typedecl' now work within a local theory
2234 context -- without introducing dependencies on parameters or
2235 assumptions, which is not possible in Isabelle/Pure.
2237 * Command 'defaultsort' has been renamed to 'default_sort', it works
2238 within a local theory context. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
2243 * Command 'typedef' now works within a local theory context -- without
2244 introducing dependencies on parameters or assumptions, which is not
2245 possible in Isabelle/Pure/HOL. Note that the logical environment may
2246 contain multiple interpretations of local typedefs (with different
2247 non-emptiness proofs), even in a global theory context.
2249 * New package for quotient types. Commands 'quotient_type' and
2250 'quotient_definition' may be used for defining types and constants by
2251 quotient constructions. An example is the type of integers created by
2252 quotienting pairs of natural numbers:
2255 intrel :: "(nat * nat) => (nat * nat) => bool"
2257 "intrel (x, y) (u, v) = (x + v = u + y)"
2259 quotient_type int = "nat * nat" / intrel
2260 by (auto simp add: equivp_def expand_fun_eq)
2263 "0::int" is "(0::nat, 0::nat)"
2265 The method "lifting" can be used to lift of theorems from the
2266 underlying "raw" type to the quotient type. The example
2267 src/HOL/Quotient_Examples/FSet.thy includes such a quotient
2268 construction and provides a reasoning infrastructure for finite sets.
2270 * Renamed Library/Quotient.thy to Library/Quotient_Type.thy to avoid
2271 clash with new theory Quotient in Main HOL.
2273 * Moved the SMT binding into the main HOL session, eliminating
2274 separate HOL-SMT session.
2276 * List membership infix mem operation is only an input abbreviation.
2279 * Theory Library/Word.thy has been removed. Use library Word/Word.thy
2280 for future developements; former Library/Word.thy is still present in
2281 the AFP entry RSAPPS.
2283 * Theorem Int.int_induct renamed to Int.int_of_nat_induct and is no
2284 longer shadowed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2286 * Dropped theorem duplicate comp_arith; use semiring_norm instead.
2289 * Dropped theorem RealPow.real_sq_order; use power2_le_imp_le instead.
2292 * Dropped normalizing_semiring etc; use the facts in semiring classes
2293 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2295 * Dropped several real-specific versions of lemmas about floor and
2296 ceiling; use the generic lemmas from theory "Archimedean_Field"
2297 instead. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2299 floor_number_of_eq ~> floor_number_of
2300 le_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_floor
2301 le_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_le_floor
2302 le_floor_eq_one ~> one_le_floor
2303 floor_less_eq_number_of ~> floor_less_number_of
2304 floor_less_eq_zero ~> floor_less_zero
2305 floor_less_eq_one ~> floor_less_one
2306 less_floor_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_floor
2307 less_floor_eq_zero ~> zero_less_floor
2308 less_floor_eq_one ~> one_less_floor
2309 floor_le_eq_number_of ~> floor_le_number_of
2310 floor_le_eq_zero ~> floor_le_zero
2311 floor_le_eq_one ~> floor_le_one
2312 floor_subtract_number_of ~> floor_diff_number_of
2313 floor_subtract_one ~> floor_diff_one
2314 ceiling_number_of_eq ~> ceiling_number_of
2315 ceiling_le_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_le_number_of
2316 ceiling_le_zero_eq ~> ceiling_le_zero
2317 ceiling_le_eq_one ~> ceiling_le_one
2318 less_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_less_ceiling
2319 less_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_less_ceiling
2320 less_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_less_ceiling
2321 ceiling_less_eq_number_of ~> ceiling_less_number_of
2322 ceiling_less_eq_zero ~> ceiling_less_zero
2323 ceiling_less_eq_one ~> ceiling_less_one
2324 le_ceiling_eq_number_of ~> number_of_le_ceiling
2325 le_ceiling_eq_zero ~> zero_le_ceiling
2326 le_ceiling_eq_one ~> one_le_ceiling
2327 ceiling_subtract_number_of ~> ceiling_diff_number_of
2328 ceiling_subtract_one ~> ceiling_diff_one
2330 * Theory "Finite_Set": various folding_XXX locales facilitate the
2331 application of the various fold combinators on finite sets.
2333 * Library theory "RBT" renamed to "RBT_Impl"; new library theory "RBT"
2334 provides abstract red-black tree type which is backed by "RBT_Impl" as
2335 implementation. INCOMPATIBILTY.
2337 * Theory Library/Coinductive_List has been removed -- superseded by
2338 AFP/thys/Coinductive.
2340 * Theory PReal, including the type "preal" and related operations, has
2341 been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2343 * Real: new development using Cauchy Sequences.
2345 * Split off theory "Big_Operators" containing setsum, setprod,
2346 Inf_fin, Sup_fin, Min, Max from theory Finite_Set. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2348 * Theory "Rational" renamed to "Rat", for consistency with "Nat",
2349 "Int" etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2351 * Constant Rat.normalize needs to be qualified. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2353 * New set of rules "ac_simps" provides combined assoc / commute
2354 rewrites for all interpretations of the appropriate generic locales.
2356 * Renamed theory "OrderedGroup" to "Groups" and split theory
2357 "Ring_and_Field" into theories "Rings" and "Fields"; for more
2358 appropriate and more consistent names suitable for name prefixes
2359 within the HOL theories. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2361 * Some generic constants have been put to appropriate theories:
2362 - less_eq, less: Orderings
2363 - zero, one, plus, minus, uminus, times, abs, sgn: Groups
2364 - inverse, divide: Rings
2367 * More consistent naming of type classes involving orderings (and
2370 lower_semilattice ~> semilattice_inf
2371 upper_semilattice ~> semilattice_sup
2373 dense_linear_order ~> dense_linorder
2375 pordered_ab_group_add ~> ordered_ab_group_add
2376 pordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> ordered_ab_group_add_abs
2377 pordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add
2378 pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le ~> ordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le
2379 pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
2380 pordered_cancel_comm_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_comm_semiring
2381 pordered_cancel_semiring ~> ordered_cancel_semiring
2382 pordered_comm_monoid_add ~> ordered_comm_monoid_add
2383 pordered_comm_ring ~> ordered_comm_ring
2384 pordered_comm_semiring ~> ordered_comm_semiring
2385 pordered_ring ~> ordered_ring
2386 pordered_ring_abs ~> ordered_ring_abs
2387 pordered_semiring ~> ordered_semiring
2389 ordered_ab_group_add ~> linordered_ab_group_add
2390 ordered_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_ab_semigroup_add
2391 ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ~> linordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
2392 ordered_comm_semiring_strict ~> linordered_comm_semiring_strict
2393 ordered_field ~> linordered_field
2394 ordered_field_no_lb ~> linordered_field_no_lb
2395 ordered_field_no_ub ~> linordered_field_no_ub
2396 ordered_field_dense_linear_order ~> dense_linordered_field
2397 ordered_idom ~> linordered_idom
2398 ordered_ring ~> linordered_ring
2399 ordered_ring_le_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_le_cancel_factor
2400 ordered_ring_less_cancel_factor ~> linordered_ring_less_cancel_factor
2401 ordered_ring_strict ~> linordered_ring_strict
2402 ordered_semidom ~> linordered_semidom
2403 ordered_semiring ~> linordered_semiring
2404 ordered_semiring_1 ~> linordered_semiring_1
2405 ordered_semiring_1_strict ~> linordered_semiring_1_strict
2406 ordered_semiring_strict ~> linordered_semiring_strict
2408 The following slightly odd type classes have been moved to a
2409 separate theory Library/Lattice_Algebras:
2411 lordered_ab_group_add ~> lattice_ab_group_add
2412 lordered_ab_group_add_abs ~> lattice_ab_group_add_abs
2413 lordered_ab_group_add_meet ~> semilattice_inf_ab_group_add
2414 lordered_ab_group_add_join ~> semilattice_sup_ab_group_add
2415 lordered_ring ~> lattice_ring
2419 * Refined field classes:
2420 - classes division_ring_inverse_zero, field_inverse_zero,
2421 linordered_field_inverse_zero include rule inverse 0 = 0 --
2422 subsumes former division_by_zero class;
2423 - numerous lemmas have been ported from field to division_ring.
2426 * Refined algebra theorem collections:
2427 - dropped theorem group group_simps, use algebra_simps instead;
2428 - dropped theorem group ring_simps, use field_simps instead;
2429 - proper theorem collection field_simps subsumes former theorem
2430 groups field_eq_simps and field_simps;
2431 - dropped lemma eq_minus_self_iff which is a duplicate for
2435 * Theory Finite_Set and List: some lemmas have been generalized from
2438 fun_left_comm_idem_inter ~> fun_left_comm_idem_inf
2439 fun_left_comm_idem_union ~> fun_left_comm_idem_sup
2440 inter_Inter_fold_inter ~> inf_Inf_fold_inf
2441 union_Union_fold_union ~> sup_Sup_fold_sup
2442 Inter_fold_inter ~> Inf_fold_inf
2443 Union_fold_union ~> Sup_fold_sup
2444 inter_INTER_fold_inter ~> inf_INFI_fold_inf
2445 union_UNION_fold_union ~> sup_SUPR_fold_sup
2446 INTER_fold_inter ~> INFI_fold_inf
2447 UNION_fold_union ~> SUPR_fold_sup
2449 * Theory "Complete_Lattice": lemmas top_def and bot_def have been
2450 replaced by the more convenient lemmas Inf_empty and Sup_empty.
2451 Dropped lemmas Inf_insert_simp and Sup_insert_simp, which are subsumed
2452 by Inf_insert and Sup_insert. Lemmas Inf_UNIV and Sup_UNIV replace
2453 former Inf_Univ and Sup_Univ. Lemmas inf_top_right and sup_bot_right
2454 subsume inf_top and sup_bot respectively. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2456 * Reorganized theory Multiset: swapped notation of pointwise and
2459 - pointwise ordering is instance of class order with standard syntax
2461 - multiset ordering has syntax <=# and <#; partial order properties
2462 are provided by means of interpretation with prefix
2464 - less duplication, less historical organization of sections,
2465 conversion from associations lists to multisets, rudimentary code
2467 - use insert_DiffM2 [symmetric] instead of elem_imp_eq_diff_union,
2472 multiset_eq_conv_count_eq ~> multiset_ext_iff
2473 multi_count_ext ~> multiset_ext
2474 diff_union_inverse2 ~> diff_union_cancelR
2478 * Theory Permutation: replaced local "remove" by List.remove1.
2480 * Code generation: ML and OCaml code is decorated with signatures.
2482 * Theory List: added transpose.
2484 * Library/Nat_Bijection.thy is a collection of bijective functions
2485 between nat and other types, which supersedes the older libraries
2486 Library/Nat_Int_Bij.thy and HOLCF/NatIso.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2489 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat ~> prod_encode
2490 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2 ~> prod_decode
2491 Nat_Int_Bij.int_to_nat_bij ~> int_encode
2492 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_int_bij ~> int_decode
2493 Countable.pair_encode ~> prod_encode
2494 NatIso.prod2nat ~> prod_encode
2495 NatIso.nat2prod ~> prod_decode
2496 NatIso.sum2nat ~> sum_encode
2497 NatIso.nat2sum ~> sum_decode
2498 NatIso.list2nat ~> list_encode
2499 NatIso.nat2list ~> list_decode
2500 NatIso.set2nat ~> set_encode
2501 NatIso.nat2set ~> set_decode
2504 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_decode
2505 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_inj ~> inj_prod_encode
2506 Nat_Int_Bij.nat2_to_nat_surj ~> surj_prod_encode
2507 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_inj ~> inj_prod_decode
2508 Nat_Int_Bij.nat_to_nat2_surj ~> surj_prod_decode
2509 Nat_Int_Bij.i2n_n2i_id ~> int_encode_inverse
2510 Nat_Int_Bij.n2i_i2n_id ~> int_decode_inverse
2511 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_nat_to_int_bij ~> surj_int_encode
2512 Nat_Int_Bij.surj_int_to_nat_bij ~> surj_int_decode
2513 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_nat_to_int_bij ~> inj_int_encode
2514 Nat_Int_Bij.inj_int_to_nat_bij ~> inj_int_decode
2515 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_nat_to_int_bij ~> bij_int_encode
2516 Nat_Int_Bij.bij_int_to_nat_bij ~> bij_int_decode
2519 - Renamed ATP commands:
2520 atp_info ~> sledgehammer running_atps
2521 atp_kill ~> sledgehammer kill_atps
2522 atp_messages ~> sledgehammer messages
2523 atp_minimize ~> sledgehammer minimize
2524 print_atps ~> sledgehammer available_atps
2526 - Added user's manual ("isabelle doc sledgehammer").
2527 - Added option syntax and "sledgehammer_params" to customize
2528 Sledgehammer's behavior. See the manual for details.
2529 - Modified the Isar proof reconstruction code so that it produces
2530 direct proofs rather than proofs by contradiction. (This feature
2531 is still experimental.)
2532 - Made Isar proof reconstruction work for SPASS, remote ATPs, and in
2534 - Added support for TPTP syntax for SPASS via the "spass_tptp" ATP.
2537 - Added and implemented "binary_ints" and "bits" options.
2538 - Added "std" option and implemented support for nonstandard models.
2539 - Added and implemented "finitize" option to improve the precision
2540 of infinite datatypes based on a monotonicity analysis.
2541 - Added support for quotient types.
2542 - Added support for "specification" and "ax_specification"
2544 - Added support for local definitions (for "function" and
2545 "termination" proofs).
2546 - Added support for term postprocessors.
2547 - Optimized "Multiset.multiset" and "FinFun.finfun".
2548 - Improved efficiency of "destroy_constrs" optimization.
2549 - Fixed soundness bugs related to "destroy_constrs" optimization and
2551 - Fixed soundness bug related to higher-order constructors.
2552 - Fixed soundness bug when "full_descrs" is enabled.
2553 - Improved precision of set constructs.
2554 - Added "atoms" option.
2555 - Added cache to speed up repeated Kodkod invocations on the same
2557 - Renamed "MiniSatJNI", "zChaffJNI", "BerkMinAlloy", and
2558 "SAT4JLight" to "MiniSat_JNI", "zChaff_JNI", "BerkMin_Alloy", and
2559 "SAT4J_Light". INCOMPATIBILITY.
2560 - Removed "skolemize", "uncurry", "sym_break", "flatten_prop",
2561 "sharing_depth", and "show_skolems" options. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2562 - Removed "nitpick_intro" attribute. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2564 * Method "induct" now takes instantiations of the form t, where t is not
2565 a variable, as a shorthand for "x == t", where x is a fresh variable.
2566 If this is not intended, t has to be enclosed in parentheses.
2567 By default, the equalities generated by definitional instantiations
2568 are pre-simplified, which may cause parameters of inductive cases
2569 to disappear, or may even delete some of the inductive cases.
2570 Use "induct (no_simp)" instead of "induct" to restore the old
2571 behaviour. The (no_simp) option is also understood by the "cases"
2572 and "nominal_induct" methods, which now perform pre-simplification, too.
2578 * Variable names in lemmas generated by the domain package have
2579 changed; the naming scheme is now consistent with the HOL datatype
2580 package. Some proof scripts may be affected, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2582 * The domain package no longer defines the function "foo_copy" for
2583 recursive domain "foo". The reach lemma is now stated directly in
2584 terms of "foo_take". Lemmas and proofs that mention "foo_copy" must
2585 be reformulated in terms of "foo_take", INCOMPATIBILITY.
2587 * Most definedness lemmas generated by the domain package (previously
2588 of the form "x ~= UU ==> foo$x ~= UU") now have an if-and-only-if form
2589 like "foo$x = UU <-> x = UU", which works better as a simp rule.
2590 Proofs that used definedness lemmas as intro rules may break,
2591 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
2593 * Induction and casedist rules generated by the domain package now
2594 declare proper case_names (one called "bottom", and one named for each
2595 constructor). INCOMPATIBILITY.
2597 * For mutually-recursive domains, separate "reach" and "take_lemma"
2598 rules are generated for each domain, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2600 foo_bar.reach ~> foo.reach bar.reach
2601 foo_bar.take_lemmas ~> foo.take_lemma bar.take_lemma
2603 * Some lemmas generated by the domain package have been renamed for
2604 consistency with the datatype package, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2606 foo.ind ~> foo.induct
2607 foo.finite_ind ~> foo.finite_induct
2608 foo.coind ~> foo.coinduct
2609 foo.casedist ~> foo.exhaust
2610 foo.exhaust ~> foo.nchotomy
2612 * For consistency with other definition packages, the fixrec package
2613 now generates qualified theorem names, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2615 foo_simps ~> foo.simps
2616 foo_unfold ~> foo.unfold
2617 foo_induct ~> foo.induct
2619 * The "fixrec_simp" attribute has been removed. The "fixrec_simp"
2620 method and internal fixrec proofs now use the default simpset instead.
2623 * The "contlub" predicate has been removed. Proof scripts should use
2624 lemma contI2 in place of monocontlub2cont, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2626 * The "admw" predicate has been removed, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2628 * The constants cpair, cfst, and csnd have been removed in favor of
2629 Pair, fst, and snd from Isabelle/HOL, INCOMPATIBILITY.
2634 * Antiquotations for basic formal entities:
2636 @{class NAME} -- type class
2637 @{class_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of the above
2639 @{type_name NAME} -- logical type
2640 @{type_abbrev NAME} -- type abbreviation
2641 @{nonterminal NAME} -- type of concrete syntactic category
2642 @{type_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
2644 @{const_name NAME} -- logical constant (INCOMPATIBILITY)
2645 @{const_abbrev NAME} -- abbreviated constant
2646 @{const_syntax NAME} -- syntax representation of any of the above
2648 * Antiquotation @{syntax_const NAME} ensures that NAME refers to a raw
2649 syntax constant (cf. 'syntax' command).
2651 * Antiquotation @{make_string} inlines a function to print arbitrary
2652 values similar to the ML toplevel. The result is compiler dependent
2653 and may fall back on "?" in certain situations.
2655 * Diagnostic commands 'ML_val' and 'ML_command' may refer to
2656 antiquotations @{Isar.state} and @{Isar.goal}. This replaces impure
2657 Isar.state() and Isar.goal(), which belong to the old TTY loop and do
2658 not work with the asynchronous Isar document model.
2660 * Configuration options now admit dynamic default values, depending on
2661 the context or even global references.
2663 * SHA1.digest digests strings according to SHA-1 (see RFC 3174). It
2664 uses an efficient external library if available (for Poly/ML).
2666 * Renamed some important ML structures, while keeping the old names
2667 for some time as aliases within the structure Legacy:
2669 OuterKeyword ~> Keyword
2672 OuterSyntax ~> Outer_Syntax
2673 PrintMode ~> Print_Mode
2674 SpecParse ~> Parse_Spec
2677 ThyOutput ~> Thy_Output
2678 TypeInfer ~> Type_Infer
2680 Note that "open Legacy" simplifies porting of sources, but forgetting
2681 to remove it again will complicate porting again in the future.
2683 * Most operations that refer to a global context are named
2684 accordingly, e.g. Simplifier.global_context or
2685 ProofContext.init_global. There are some situations where a global
2686 context actually works, but under normal circumstances one needs to
2687 pass the proper local context through the code!
2689 * Discontinued old TheoryDataFun with its copy/init operation -- data
2690 needs to be pure. Functor Theory_Data_PP retains the traditional
2691 Pretty.pp argument to merge, which is absent in the standard
2692 Theory_Data version.
2694 * Sorts.certify_sort and derived "cert" operations for types and terms
2695 no longer minimize sorts. Thus certification at the boundary of the
2696 inference kernel becomes invariant under addition of class relations,
2697 which is an important monotonicity principle. Sorts are now minimized
2698 in the syntax layer only, at the boundary between the end-user and the
2699 system. Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY, may have to use Sign.minimize_sort
2700 explicitly in rare situations.
2702 * Renamed old-style Drule.standard to Drule.export_without_context, to
2703 emphasize that this is in no way a standard operation.
2706 * Subgoal.FOCUS (and variants): resulting goal state is normalized as
2707 usual for resolution. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.
2709 * Renamed varify/unvarify operations to varify_global/unvarify_global
2710 to emphasize that these only work in a global situation (which is
2713 * Curried take and drop in library.ML; negative length is interpreted
2714 as infinity (as in chop). Subtle INCOMPATIBILITY.
2716 * Proof terms: type substitutions on proof constants now use canonical
2717 order of type variables. INCOMPATIBILITY for tools working with proof
2720 * Raw axioms/defs may no longer carry sort constraints, and raw defs
2721 may no longer carry premises. User-level specifications are
2722 transformed accordingly by Thm.add_axiom/add_def.
2727 * Discontinued special HOL_USEDIR_OPTIONS for the main HOL image;
2728 ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS applies uniformly to all sessions. Note that
2729 proof terms are enabled unconditionally in the new HOL-Proofs image.
2731 * Discontinued old ISABELLE and ISATOOL environment settings (legacy
2732 feature since Isabelle2009). Use ISABELLE_PROCESS and ISABELLE_TOOL,
2735 * Old lib/scripts/polyml-platform is superseded by the
2736 ISABELLE_PLATFORM setting variable, which defaults to the 32 bit
2737 variant, even on a 64 bit machine. The following example setting
2738 prefers 64 bit if available:
2740 ML_PLATFORM="${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM}"
2742 * The preliminary Isabelle/jEdit application demonstrates the emerging
2743 Isabelle/Scala layer for advanced prover interaction and integration.
2744 See src/Tools/jEdit or "isabelle jedit" provided by the properly built
2747 * "IsabelleText" is a Unicode font derived from Bitstream Vera Mono
2748 and Bluesky TeX fonts. It provides the usual Isabelle symbols,
2749 similar to the default assignment of the document preparation system
2750 (cf. isabellesym.sty). The Isabelle/Scala class Isabelle_System
2751 provides some operations for direct access to the font without asking
2752 the user for manual installation.
2756 New in Isabelle2009-1 (December 2009)
2757 -------------------------------------
2761 * Discontinued old form of "escaped symbols" such as \\<forall>. Only
2762 one backslash should be used, even in ML sources.
2767 * Locale interpretation propagates mixins along the locale hierarchy.
2768 The currently only available mixins are the equations used to map
2769 local definitions to terms of the target domain of an interpretation.
2771 * Reactivated diagnostic command 'print_interps'. Use "print_interps
2772 loc" to print all interpretations of locale "loc" in the theory.
2773 Interpretations in proofs are not shown.
2775 * Thoroughly revised locales tutorial. New section on conditional
2778 * On instantiation of classes, remaining undefined class parameters
2779 are formally declared. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2782 *** Document preparation ***
2784 * New generalized style concept for printing terms: @{foo (style) ...}
2785 instead of @{foo_style style ...} (old form is still retained for
2786 backward compatibility). Styles can be also applied for
2787 antiquotations prop, term_type and typeof.
2792 * New proof method "smt" for a combination of first-order logic with
2793 equality, linear and nonlinear (natural/integer/real) arithmetic, and
2794 fixed-size bitvectors; there is also basic support for higher-order
2795 features (esp. lambda abstractions). It is an incomplete decision
2796 procedure based on external SMT solvers using the oracle mechanism;
2797 for the SMT solver Z3, this method is proof-producing. Certificates
2798 are provided to avoid calling the external solvers solely for
2799 re-checking proofs. Due to a remote SMT service there is no need for
2800 installing SMT solvers locally. See src/HOL/SMT.
2802 * New commands to load and prove verification conditions generated by
2803 the Boogie program verifier or derived systems (e.g. the Verifying C
2804 Compiler (VCC) or Spec#). See src/HOL/Boogie.
2806 * New counterexample generator tool 'nitpick' based on the Kodkod
2807 relational model finder. See src/HOL/Tools/Nitpick and
2808 src/HOL/Nitpick_Examples.
2810 * New commands 'code_pred' and 'values' to invoke the predicate
2811 compiler and to enumerate values of inductive predicates.
2813 * A tabled implementation of the reflexive transitive closure.
2815 * New implementation of quickcheck uses generic code generator;
2816 default generators are provided for all suitable HOL types, records
2817 and datatypes. Old quickcheck can be re-activated importing theory
2818 Library/SML_Quickcheck.
2820 * New testing tool Mirabelle for automated proof tools. Applies
2821 several tools and tactics like sledgehammer, metis, or quickcheck, to
2822 every proof step in a theory. To be used in batch mode via the
2823 "mirabelle" utility.
2825 * New proof method "sos" (sum of squares) for nonlinear real
2826 arithmetic (originally due to John Harison). It requires theory
2827 Library/Sum_Of_Squares. It is not a complete decision procedure but
2828 works well in practice on quantifier-free real arithmetic with +, -,
2829 *, ^, =, <= and <, i.e. boolean combinations of equalities and
2830 inequalities between polynomials. It makes use of external
2831 semidefinite programming solvers. Method "sos" generates a
2832 certificate that can be pasted into the proof thus avoiding the need
2833 to call an external tool every time the proof is checked. See
2834 src/HOL/Library/Sum_Of_Squares.
2836 * New method "linarith" invokes existing linear arithmetic decision
2839 * New command 'atp_minimal' reduces result produced by Sledgehammer.
2841 * New Sledgehammer option "Full Types" in Proof General settings menu.
2842 Causes full type information to be output to the ATPs. This slows
2843 ATPs down considerably but eliminates a source of unsound "proofs"
2846 * New method "metisFT": A version of metis that uses full type
2847 information in order to avoid failures of proof reconstruction.
2849 * New evaluator "approximate" approximates an real valued term using
2850 the same method as the approximation method.
2852 * Method "approximate" now supports arithmetic expressions as
2853 boundaries of intervals and implements interval splitting and Taylor
2856 * ML antiquotation @{code_datatype} inserts definition of a datatype
2857 generated by the code generator; e.g. see src/HOL/Predicate.thy.
2859 * New theory SupInf of the supremum and infimum operators for sets of
2862 * New theory Probability, which contains a development of measure
2863 theory, eventually leading to Lebesgue integration and probability.
2865 * Extended Multivariate Analysis to include derivation and Brouwer's
2868 * Reorganization of number theory, INCOMPATIBILITY:
2869 - new number theory development for nat and int, in theories Divides
2870 and GCD as well as in new session Number_Theory
2871 - some constants and facts now suffixed with _nat and _int
2873 - former session NumberTheory now named Old_Number_Theory, including
2874 theories Legacy_GCD and Primes (prefer Number_Theory if possible)
2875 - moved theory Pocklington from src/HOL/Library to
2876 src/HOL/Old_Number_Theory
2878 * Theory GCD includes functions Gcd/GCD and Lcm/LCM for the gcd and
2879 lcm of finite and infinite sets. It is shown that they form a complete
2882 * Class semiring_div requires superclass no_zero_divisors and proof of
2883 div_mult_mult1; theorems div_mult_mult1, div_mult_mult2,
2884 div_mult_mult1_if, div_mult_mult1 and div_mult_mult2 have been
2885 generalized to class semiring_div, subsuming former theorems
2886 zdiv_zmult_zmult1, zdiv_zmult_zmult1_if, zdiv_zmult_zmult1 and
2887 zdiv_zmult_zmult2. div_mult_mult1 is now [simp] by default.
2890 * Refinements to lattice classes and sets:
2891 - less default intro/elim rules in locale variant, more default
2892 intro/elim rules in class variant: more uniformity
2893 - lemma ge_sup_conv renamed to le_sup_iff, in accordance with
2895 - dropped lemma alias inf_ACI for inf_aci (same for sup_ACI and
2897 - renamed ACI to inf_sup_aci
2898 - new class "boolean_algebra"
2899 - class "complete_lattice" moved to separate theory
2900 "Complete_Lattice"; corresponding constants (and abbreviations)
2901 renamed and with authentic syntax:
2902 Set.Inf ~> Complete_Lattice.Inf
2903 Set.Sup ~> Complete_Lattice.Sup
2904 Set.INFI ~> Complete_Lattice.INFI
2905 Set.SUPR ~> Complete_Lattice.SUPR
2906 Set.Inter ~> Complete_Lattice.Inter
2907 Set.Union ~> Complete_Lattice.Union
2908 Set.INTER ~> Complete_Lattice.INTER
2909 Set.UNION ~> Complete_Lattice.UNION
2910 - authentic syntax for
2913 - mere abbreviations:
2916 Set.inter (for inf, formerly Set.Int)
2917 Set.union (for sup, formerly Set.Un)
2918 Complete_Lattice.Inter (for Inf)
2919 Complete_Lattice.Union (for Sup)
2920 Complete_Lattice.INTER (for INFI)
2921 Complete_Lattice.UNION (for SUPR)
2922 - object-logic definitions as far as appropriate
2924 INCOMPATIBILITY. Care is required when theorems Int_subset_iff or
2925 Un_subset_iff are explicitly deleted as default simp rules; then also
2926 their lattice counterparts le_inf_iff and le_sup_iff have to be
2927 deleted to achieve the desired effect.
2929 * Rules inf_absorb1, inf_absorb2, sup_absorb1, sup_absorb2 are no simp
2930 rules by default any longer; the same applies to min_max.inf_absorb1
2931 etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2933 * Rules sup_Int_eq and sup_Un_eq are no longer declared as
2934 pred_set_conv by default. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2936 * Power operations on relations and functions are now one dedicated
2937 constant "compow" with infix syntax "^^". Power operation on
2938 multiplicative monoids retains syntax "^" and is now defined generic
2939 in class power. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2941 * Relation composition "R O S" now has a more standard argument order:
2942 "R O S = {(x, z). EX y. (x, y) : R & (y, z) : S}". INCOMPATIBILITY,
2943 rewrite propositions with "S O R" --> "R O S". Proofs may occasionally
2944 break, since the O_assoc rule was not rewritten like this. Fix using
2945 O_assoc[symmetric]. The same applies to the curried version "R OO S".
2947 * Function "Inv" is renamed to "inv_into" and function "inv" is now an
2948 abbreviation for "inv_into UNIV". Lemmas are renamed accordingly.
2951 * Most rules produced by inductive and datatype package have mandatory
2952 prefixes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
2954 * Changed "DERIV_intros" to a dynamic fact, which can be augmented by
2955 the attribute of the same name. Each of the theorems in the list
2956 DERIV_intros assumes composition with an additional function and
2957 matches a variable to the derivative, which has to be solved by the
2958 Simplifier. Hence (auto intro!: DERIV_intros) computes the derivative
2959 of most elementary terms. Former Maclauren.DERIV_tac and
2960 Maclauren.deriv_tac should be replaced by (auto intro!: DERIV_intros).
2963 * Code generator attributes follow the usual underscore convention:
2964 code_unfold replaces code unfold
2965 code_post replaces code post
2970 sizechange -> size_change
2971 induct_scheme -> induction_schema
2974 * Discontinued abbreviation "arbitrary" of constant "undefined".
2975 INCOMPATIBILITY, use "undefined" directly.
2978 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
2979 Suc_eq_add_numeral_1_left -> Suc_eq_plus1_left
2980 Suc_plus1 -> Suc_eq_plus1
2981 *anti_sym -> *antisym*
2982 vector_less_eq_def -> vector_le_def
2985 * Added theorem List.map_map as [simp]. Removed List.map_compose.
2988 * Removed predicate "M hassize n" (<--> card M = n & finite M).
2994 * Theory Representable defines a class "rep" of domains that are
2995 representable (via an ep-pair) in the universal domain type "udom".
2996 Instances are provided for all type constructors defined in HOLCF.
2998 * The 'new_domain' command is a purely definitional version of the
2999 domain package, for representable domains. Syntax is identical to the
3000 old domain package. The 'new_domain' package also supports indirect
3001 recursion using previously-defined type constructors. See
3002 src/HOLCF/ex/New_Domain.thy for examples.
3004 * Method "fixrec_simp" unfolds one step of a fixrec-defined constant
3005 on the left-hand side of an equation, and then performs
3006 simplification. Rewriting is done using rules declared with the
3007 "fixrec_simp" attribute. The "fixrec_simp" method is intended as a
3008 replacement for "fixpat"; see src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for examples.
3010 * The pattern-match compiler in 'fixrec' can now handle constructors
3011 with HOL function types. Pattern-match combinators for the Pair
3012 constructor are pre-configured.
3014 * The 'fixrec' package now produces better fixed-point induction rules
3015 for mutually-recursive definitions: Induction rules have conclusions
3016 of the form "P foo bar" instead of "P <foo, bar>".
3018 * The constant "sq_le" (with infix syntax "<<" or "\<sqsubseteq>") has
3019 been renamed to "below". The name "below" now replaces "less" in many
3020 theorem names. (Legacy theorem names using "less" are still supported
3023 * The 'fixrec' package now supports "bottom patterns". Bottom
3024 patterns can be used to generate strictness rules, or to make
3025 functions more strict (much like the bang-patterns supported by the
3026 Glasgow Haskell Compiler). See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
3032 * Support for Poly/ML 5.3.0, with improved reporting of compiler
3033 errors and run-time exceptions, including detailed source positions.
3035 * Structure Name_Space (formerly NameSpace) now manages uniquely
3036 identified entries, with some additional information such as source
3037 position, logical grouping etc.
3039 * Theory and context data is now introduced by the simplified and
3040 modernized functors Theory_Data, Proof_Data, Generic_Data. Data needs
3041 to be pure, but the old TheoryDataFun for mutable data (with explicit
3042 copy operation) is still available for some time.
3044 * Structure Synchronized (cf. src/Pure/Concurrent/synchronized.ML)
3045 provides a high-level programming interface to synchronized state
3046 variables with atomic update. This works via pure function
3047 application within a critical section -- its runtime should be as
3048 short as possible; beware of deadlocks if critical code is nested,
3049 either directly or indirectly via other synchronized variables!
3051 * Structure Unsynchronized (cf. src/Pure/ML-Systems/unsynchronized.ML)
3052 wraps raw ML references, explicitly indicating their non-thread-safe
3053 behaviour. The Isar toplevel keeps this structure open, to
3054 accommodate Proof General as well as quick and dirty interactive
3055 experiments with references.
3057 * PARALLEL_CHOICE and PARALLEL_GOALS provide basic support for
3058 parallel tactical reasoning.
3060 * Tacticals Subgoal.FOCUS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PREMS, Subgoal.FOCUS_PARAMS
3061 are similar to SUBPROOF, but are slightly more flexible: only the
3062 specified parts of the subgoal are imported into the context, and the
3063 body tactic may introduce new subgoals and schematic variables.
3065 * Old tactical METAHYPS, which does not observe the proof context, has
3066 been renamed to Old_Goals.METAHYPS and awaits deletion. Use SUBPROOF
3067 or Subgoal.FOCUS etc.
3069 * Renamed functor TableFun to Table, and GraphFun to Graph. (Since
3070 functors have their own ML name space there is no point to mark them
3071 separately.) Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.
3073 * Renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3075 * Renamed several structures FooBar to Foo_Bar. Occasional,
3078 * Operations of structure Skip_Proof no longer require quick_and_dirty
3079 mode, which avoids critical setmp.
3081 * Eliminated old Attrib.add_attributes, Method.add_methods and related
3082 combinators for "args". INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use simplified
3083 Attrib/Method.setup introduced in Isabelle2009.
3085 * Proper context for simpset_of, claset_of, clasimpset_of. May fall
3086 back on global_simpset_of, global_claset_of, global_clasimpset_of as
3087 last resort. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3089 * Display.pretty_thm now requires a proper context (cf. former
3090 ProofContext.pretty_thm). May fall back on Display.pretty_thm_global
3091 or even Display.pretty_thm_without_context as last resort.
3094 * Discontinued Display.pretty_ctyp/cterm etc. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
3095 Syntax.pretty_typ/term directly, preferably with proper context
3096 instead of global theory.
3101 * Further fine tuning of parallel proof checking, scales up to 8 cores
3102 (max. speedup factor 5.0). See also Goal.parallel_proofs in ML and
3105 * Support for additional "Isabelle components" via etc/components, see
3106 also the system manual.
3108 * The isabelle makeall tool now operates on all components with
3109 IsaMakefile, not just hardwired "logics".
3111 * Removed "compress" option from isabelle-process and isabelle usedir;
3112 this is always enabled.
3114 * Discontinued support for Poly/ML 4.x versions.
3116 * Isabelle tool "wwwfind" provides web interface for 'find_theorems'
3117 on a given logic image. This requires the lighttpd webserver and is
3118 currently supported on Linux only.
3122 New in Isabelle2009 (April 2009)
3123 --------------------------------
3127 * Simplified main Isabelle executables, with less surprises on
3128 case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
3130 - The main Isabelle tool wrapper is now called "isabelle" instead of
3133 - The former "isabelle" alias for "isabelle-process" has been
3134 removed (should rarely occur to regular users).
3136 - The former "isabelle-interface" and its alias "Isabelle" have been
3137 removed (interfaces are now regular Isabelle tools).
3139 Within scripts and make files, the Isabelle environment variables
3140 ISABELLE_TOOL and ISABELLE_PROCESS replace old ISATOOL and ISABELLE,
3141 respectively. (The latter are still available as legacy feature.)
3143 The old isabelle-interface wrapper could react in confusing ways if
3144 the interface was uninstalled or changed otherwise. Individual
3145 interface tool configuration is now more explicit, see also the
3146 Isabelle system manual. In particular, Proof General is now available
3147 via "isabelle emacs".
3149 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt derivative scripts. Users may need to
3150 purge installed copies of Isabelle executables and re-run "isabelle
3151 install -p ...", or use symlinks.
3153 * The default for ISABELLE_HOME_USER is now ~/.isabelle instead of the
3154 old ~/isabelle, which was slightly non-standard and apt to cause
3155 surprises on case-insensitive file-systems (such as Mac OS).
3157 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to move existing ~/isabelle/etc,
3158 ~/isabelle/heaps, ~/isabelle/browser_info to the new place. Special
3159 care is required when using older releases of Isabelle. Note that
3160 ISABELLE_HOME_USER can be changed in Isabelle/etc/settings of any
3161 Isabelle distribution, in order to use the new ~/.isabelle uniformly.
3163 * Proofs of fully specified statements are run in parallel on
3164 multi-core systems. A speedup factor of 2.5 to 3.2 can be expected on
3165 a regular 4-core machine, if the initial heap space is made reasonably
3166 large (cf. Poly/ML option -H). (Requires Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
3168 * The main reference manuals ("isar-ref", "implementation", and
3169 "system") have been updated and extended. Formally checked references
3170 as hyperlinks are now available uniformly.
3175 * Complete re-implementation of locales. INCOMPATIBILITY in several
3176 respects. The most important changes are listed below. See the
3177 Tutorial on Locales ("locales" manual) for details.
3179 - In locale expressions, instantiation replaces renaming. Parameters
3180 must be declared in a for clause. To aid compatibility with previous
3181 parameter inheritance, in locale declarations, parameters that are not
3182 'touched' (instantiation position "_" or omitted) are implicitly added
3183 with their syntax at the beginning of the for clause.
3185 - Syntax from abbreviations and definitions in locales is available in
3186 locale expressions and context elements. The latter is particularly
3187 useful in locale declarations.
3189 - More flexible mechanisms to qualify names generated by locale
3190 expressions. Qualifiers (prefixes) may be specified in locale
3191 expressions, and can be marked as mandatory (syntax: "name!:") or
3192 optional (syntax "name?:"). The default depends for plain "name:"
3193 depends on the situation where a locale expression is used: in
3194 commands 'locale' and 'sublocale' prefixes are optional, in
3195 'interpretation' and 'interpret' prefixes are mandatory. The old
3196 implicit qualifiers derived from the parameter names of a locale are
3197 no longer generated.
3199 - Command "sublocale l < e" replaces "interpretation l < e". The
3200 instantiation clause in "interpretation" and "interpret" (square
3201 brackets) is no longer available. Use locale expressions.
3203 - When converting proof scripts, mandatory qualifiers in
3204 'interpretation' and 'interpret' should be retained by default, even
3205 if this is an INCOMPATIBILITY compared to former behavior. In the
3206 worst case, use the "name?:" form for non-mandatory ones. Qualifiers
3207 in locale expressions range over a single locale instance only.
3209 - Dropped locale element "includes". This is a major INCOMPATIBILITY.
3210 In existing theorem specifications replace the includes element by the
3211 respective context elements of the included locale, omitting those
3212 that are already present in the theorem specification. Multiple
3213 assume elements of a locale should be replaced by a single one
3214 involving the locale predicate. In the proof body, declarations (most
3215 notably theorems) may be regained by interpreting the respective
3216 locales in the proof context as required (command "interpret").
3218 If using "includes" in replacement of a target solely because the
3219 parameter types in the theorem are not as general as in the target,
3220 consider declaring a new locale with additional type constraints on
3221 the parameters (context element "constrains").
3223 - Discontinued "locale (open)". INCOMPATIBILITY.
3225 - Locale interpretation commands no longer attempt to simplify goal.
3226 INCOMPATIBILITY: in rare situations the generated goal differs. Use
3227 methods intro_locales and unfold_locales to clarify.
3229 - Locale interpretation commands no longer accept interpretation
3230 attributes. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3232 * Class declaration: so-called "base sort" must not be given in import
3233 list any longer, but is inferred from the specification. Particularly
3240 class foo = type + ...
3242 * Class target: global versions of theorems stemming do not carry a
3243 parameter prefix any longer. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3245 * Class 'instance' command no longer accepts attached definitions.
3246 INCOMPATIBILITY, use proper 'instantiation' target instead.
3248 * Recovered hiding of consts, which was accidentally broken in
3249 Isabelle2007. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, ``hide const c'' really
3250 makes c inaccessible; consider using ``hide (open) const c'' instead.
3252 * Slightly more coherent Pure syntax, with updated documentation in
3253 isar-ref manual. Removed locales meta_term_syntax and
3254 meta_conjunction_syntax: TERM and &&& (formerly &&) are now permanent,
3255 INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations. Note that &&& should not be used
3256 directly in regular applications.
3258 * There is a new syntactic category "float_const" for signed decimal
3259 fractions (e.g. 123.45 or -123.45).
3261 * Removed exotic 'token_translation' command. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML
3262 interface with 'setup' command instead.
3264 * Command 'local_setup' is similar to 'setup', but operates on a local
3267 * The 'axiomatization' command now only works within a global theory
3268 context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3270 * Goal-directed proof now enforces strict proof irrelevance wrt. sort
3271 hypotheses. Sorts required in the course of reasoning need to be
3272 covered by the constraints in the initial statement, completed by the
3273 type instance information of the background theory. Non-trivial sort
3274 hypotheses, which rarely occur in practice, may be specified via
3275 vacuous propositions of the form SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::c). For example:
3277 lemma assumes "SORT_CONSTRAINT('a::empty)" shows False ...
3279 The result contains an implicit sort hypotheses as before --
3280 SORT_CONSTRAINT premises are eliminated as part of the canonical rule
3283 * Generalized Isar history, with support for linear undo, direct state
3286 * Changed defaults for unify configuration options:
3288 unify_trace_bound = 50 (formerly 25)
3289 unify_search_bound = 60 (formerly 30)
3291 * Different bookkeeping for code equations (INCOMPATIBILITY):
3293 a) On theory merge, the last set of code equations for a particular
3294 constant is taken (in accordance with the policy applied by other
3295 parts of the code generator framework).
3297 b) Code equations stemming from explicit declarations (e.g. code
3298 attribute) gain priority over default code equations stemming
3299 from definition, primrec, fun etc.
3301 * Keyword 'code_exception' now named 'code_abort'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3303 * Unified theorem tables for both code generators. Thus [code
3304 func] has disappeared and only [code] remains. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3306 * Command 'find_consts' searches for constants based on type and name
3309 find_consts "_ => bool"
3311 By default, matching is against subtypes, but it may be restricted to
3312 the whole type. Searching by name is possible. Multiple queries are
3313 conjunctive and queries may be negated by prefixing them with a
3316 find_consts strict: "_ => bool" name: "Int" -"int => int"
3318 * New 'find_theorems' criterion "solves" matches theorems that
3319 directly solve the current goal (modulo higher-order unification).
3321 * Auto solve feature for main theorem statements: whenever a new goal
3322 is stated, "find_theorems solves" is called; any theorems that could
3323 solve the lemma directly are listed as part of the goal state.
3324 Cf. associated options in Proof General Isabelle settings menu,
3325 enabled by default, with reasonable timeout for pathological cases of
3326 higher-order unification.
3329 *** Document preparation ***
3331 * Antiquotation @{lemma} now imitates a regular terminal proof,
3332 demanding keyword 'by' and supporting the full method expression
3333 syntax just like the Isar command 'by'.
3338 * Integrated main parts of former image HOL-Complex with HOL. Entry
3339 points Main and Complex_Main remain as before.
3341 * Logic image HOL-Plain provides a minimal HOL with the most important
3342 tools available (inductive, datatype, primrec, ...). This facilitates
3343 experimentation and tool development. Note that user applications
3344 (and library theories) should never refer to anything below theory
3347 * Logic image HOL-Main stops at theory Main, and thus facilitates
3348 experimentation due to shorter build times.
3350 * Logic image HOL-NSA contains theories of nonstandard analysis which
3351 were previously part of former HOL-Complex. Entry point Hyperreal
3352 remains valid, but theories formerly using Complex_Main should now use
3353 new entry point Hypercomplex.
3355 * Generic ATP manager for Sledgehammer, based on ML threads instead of
3356 Posix processes. Avoids potentially expensive forking of the ML
3357 process. New thread-based implementation also works on non-Unix
3358 platforms (Cygwin). Provers are no longer hardwired, but defined
3359 within the theory via plain ML wrapper functions. Basic Sledgehammer
3360 commands are covered in the isar-ref manual.
3362 * Wrapper scripts for remote SystemOnTPTP service allows to use
3363 sledgehammer without local ATP installation (Vampire etc.). Other
3364 provers may be included via suitable ML wrappers, see also
3365 src/HOL/ATP_Linkup.thy.
3367 * ATP selection (E/Vampire/Spass) is now via Proof General's settings
3370 * The metis method no longer fails because the theorem is too trivial
3371 (contains the empty clause).
3373 * The metis method now fails in the usual manner, rather than raising
3374 an exception, if it determines that it cannot prove the theorem.
3376 * Method "coherent" implements a prover for coherent logic (see also
3377 src/Tools/coherent.ML).
3379 * Constants "undefined" and "default" replace "arbitrary". Usually
3380 "undefined" is the right choice to replace "arbitrary", though
3381 logically there is no difference. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3383 * Command "value" now integrates different evaluation mechanisms. The
3384 result of the first successful evaluation mechanism is printed. In
3385 square brackets a particular named evaluation mechanisms may be
3386 specified (currently, [SML], [code] or [nbe]). See further
3387 src/HOL/ex/Eval_Examples.thy.
3389 * Normalization by evaluation now allows non-leftlinear equations.
3390 Declare with attribute [code nbe].
3392 * Methods "case_tac" and "induct_tac" now refer to the very same rules
3393 as the structured Isar versions "cases" and "induct", cf. the
3394 corresponding "cases" and "induct" attributes. Mutual induction rules
3395 are now presented as a list of individual projections
3396 (e.g. foo_bar.inducts for types foo and bar); the old format with
3397 explicit HOL conjunction is no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, in
3398 rare situations a different rule is selected --- notably nested tuple
3399 elimination instead of former prod.exhaust: use explicit (case_tac t
3400 rule: prod.exhaust) here.
3402 * Attributes "cases", "induct", "coinduct" support "del" option.
3404 * Removed fact "case_split_thm", which duplicates "case_split".
3406 * The option datatype has been moved to a new theory Option. Renamed
3407 option_map to Option.map, and o2s to Option.set, INCOMPATIBILITY.
3409 * New predicate "strict_mono" classifies strict functions on partial
3410 orders. With strict functions on linear orders, reasoning about
3411 (in)equalities is facilitated by theorems "strict_mono_eq",
3412 "strict_mono_less_eq" and "strict_mono_less".
3414 * Some set operations are now proper qualified constants with
3415 authentic syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY:
3426 * Class complete_lattice with operations Inf, Sup, INFI, SUPR now in
3429 * Auxiliary class "itself" has disappeared -- classes without any
3430 parameter are treated as expected by the 'class' command.
3432 * Leibnitz's Series for Pi and the arcus tangens and logarithm series.
3434 * Common decision procedures (Cooper, MIR, Ferrack, Approximation,
3435 Dense_Linear_Order) are now in directory HOL/Decision_Procs.
3437 * Theory src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Approximation provides the new proof
3438 method "approximation". It proves formulas on real values by using
3439 interval arithmetic. In the formulas are also the transcendental
3440 functions sin, cos, tan, atan, ln, exp and the constant pi are
3441 allowed. For examples see
3442 src/HOL/Descision_Procs/ex/Approximation_Ex.thy.
3444 * Theory "Reflection" now resides in HOL/Library.
3446 * Entry point to Word library now simply named "Word".
3449 * Made source layout more coherent with logical distribution
3452 src/HOL/Library/RType.thy ~> src/HOL/Typerep.thy
3453 src/HOL/Library/Code_Message.thy ~> src/HOL/
3454 src/HOL/Library/GCD.thy ~> src/HOL/
3455 src/HOL/Library/Order_Relation.thy ~> src/HOL/
3456 src/HOL/Library/Parity.thy ~> src/HOL/
3457 src/HOL/Library/Univ_Poly.thy ~> src/HOL/
3458 src/HOL/Real/ContNotDenum.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
3459 src/HOL/Real/Lubs.thy ~> src/HOL/
3460 src/HOL/Real/PReal.thy ~> src/HOL/
3461 src/HOL/Real/Rational.thy ~> src/HOL/
3462 src/HOL/Real/RComplete.thy ~> src/HOL/
3463 src/HOL/Real/RealDef.thy ~> src/HOL/
3464 src/HOL/Real/RealPow.thy ~> src/HOL/
3465 src/HOL/Real/Real.thy ~> src/HOL/
3466 src/HOL/Complex/Complex_Main.thy ~> src/HOL/
3467 src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy ~> src/HOL/
3468 src/HOL/Complex/FrechetDeriv.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
3469 src/HOL/Complex/Fundamental_Theorem_Algebra.thy ~> src/HOL/Library/
3470 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Deriv.thy ~> src/HOL/
3471 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Fact.thy ~> src/HOL/
3472 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Integration.thy ~> src/HOL/
3473 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Lim.thy ~> src/HOL/
3474 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Ln.thy ~> src/HOL/
3475 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Log.thy ~> src/HOL/
3476 src/HOL/Hyperreal/MacLaurin.thy ~> src/HOL/
3477 src/HOL/Hyperreal/NthRoot.thy ~> src/HOL/
3478 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Series.thy ~> src/HOL/
3479 src/HOL/Hyperreal/SEQ.thy ~> src/HOL/
3480 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Taylor.thy ~> src/HOL/
3481 src/HOL/Hyperreal/Transcendental.thy ~> src/HOL/
3482 src/HOL/Real/Float ~> src/HOL/Library/
3483 src/HOL/Real/HahnBanach ~> src/HOL/HahnBanach
3484 src/HOL/Real/RealVector.thy ~> src/HOL/
3486 src/HOL/arith_data.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3487 src/HOL/hologic.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3488 src/HOL/simpdata.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3489 src/HOL/int_arith1.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools/int_arith.ML
3490 src/HOL/int_factor_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3491 src/HOL/nat_simprocs.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3492 src/HOL/Real/float_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3493 src/HOL/Real/float_syntax.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3494 src/HOL/Real/rat_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3495 src/HOL/Real/real_arith.ML ~> src/HOL/Tools
3497 src/HOL/Library/Array.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3498 src/HOL/Library/Heap_Monad.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3499 src/HOL/Library/Heap.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3500 src/HOL/Library/Imperative_HOL.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3501 src/HOL/Library/Ref.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3502 src/HOL/Library/Relational.thy ~> src/HOL/Imperative_HOL
3504 * If methods "eval" and "evaluation" encounter a structured proof
3505 state with !!/==>, only the conclusion is evaluated to True (if
3506 possible), avoiding strange error messages.
3508 * Method "sizechange" automates termination proofs using (a
3509 modification of) the size-change principle. Requires SAT solver. See
3510 src/HOL/ex/Termination.thy for examples.
3512 * Simplifier: simproc for let expressions now unfolds if bound
3513 variable occurs at most once in let expression body. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3515 * Method "arith": Linear arithmetic now ignores all inequalities when
3516 fast_arith_neq_limit is exceeded, instead of giving up entirely.
3518 * New attribute "arith" for facts that should always be used
3519 automatically by arithmetic. It is intended to be used locally in
3522 assumes [arith]: "x > 0"
3524 Global usage is discouraged because of possible performance impact.
3526 * New classes "top" and "bot" with corresponding operations "top" and
3527 "bot" in theory Orderings; instantiation of class "complete_lattice"
3528 requires instantiation of classes "top" and "bot". INCOMPATIBILITY.
3530 * Changed definition lemma "less_fun_def" in order to provide an
3531 instance for preorders on functions; use lemma "less_le" instead.
3534 * Theory Orderings: class "wellorder" moved here, with explicit
3535 induction rule "less_induct" as assumption. For instantiation of
3536 "wellorder" by means of predicate "wf", use rule wf_wellorderI.
3539 * Theory Orderings: added class "preorder" as superclass of "order".
3540 INCOMPATIBILITY: Instantiation proofs for order, linorder
3541 etc. slightly changed. Some theorems named order_class.* now named
3544 * Theory Relation: renamed "refl" to "refl_on", "reflexive" to "refl,
3547 * Theory Finite_Set: added a new fold combinator of type
3549 ('a => 'b => 'b) => 'b => 'a set => 'b
3551 Occasionally this is more convenient than the old fold combinator
3552 which is now defined in terms of the new one and renamed to
3555 * Theories Ring_and_Field and OrderedGroup: The lemmas "group_simps"
3556 and "ring_simps" have been replaced by "algebra_simps" (which can be
3557 extended with further lemmas!). At the moment both still exist but
3558 the former will disappear at some point.
3560 * Theory Power: Lemma power_Suc is now declared as a simp rule in
3561 class recpower. Type-specific simp rules for various recpower types
3562 have been removed. INCOMPATIBILITY, rename old lemmas as follows:
3564 rat_power_0 -> power_0
3565 rat_power_Suc -> power_Suc
3566 realpow_0 -> power_0
3567 realpow_Suc -> power_Suc
3568 complexpow_0 -> power_0
3569 complexpow_Suc -> power_Suc
3570 power_poly_0 -> power_0
3571 power_poly_Suc -> power_Suc
3573 * Theories Ring_and_Field and Divides: Definition of "op dvd" has been
3574 moved to separate class dvd in Ring_and_Field; a couple of lemmas on
3575 dvd has been generalized to class comm_semiring_1. Likewise a bunch
3576 of lemmas from Divides has been generalized from nat to class
3577 semiring_div. INCOMPATIBILITY. This involves the following theorem
3578 renames resulting from duplicate elimination:
3580 dvd_def_mod ~> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0
3581 zero_dvd_iff ~> dvd_0_left_iff
3582 dvd_0 ~> dvd_0_right
3583 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_DIV ~> div_by_0
3584 DIVISION_BY_ZERO_MOD ~> mod_by_0
3585 mult_div ~> div_mult_self2_is_id
3586 mult_mod ~> mod_mult_self2_is_0
3588 * Theory IntDiv: removed many lemmas that are instances of class-based
3589 generalizations (from Divides and Ring_and_Field). INCOMPATIBILITY,
3590 rename old lemmas as follows:
3592 dvd_diff -> nat_dvd_diff
3593 dvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
3594 mod_add1_eq -> mod_add_eq
3595 mod_mult1_eq -> mod_mult_right_eq
3596 mod_mult1_eq' -> mod_mult_left_eq
3597 mod_mult_distrib_mod -> mod_mult_eq
3598 nat_mod_add_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
3599 nat_mod_add_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
3600 nat_mod_div_trivial -> mod_div_trivial
3601 nat_mod_mod_trivial -> mod_mod_trivial
3602 zdiv_zadd_self1 -> div_add_self1
3603 zdiv_zadd_self2 -> div_add_self2
3604 zdiv_zmult_self1 -> div_mult_self2_is_id
3605 zdiv_zmult_self2 -> div_mult_self1_is_id
3606 zdvd_triv_left -> dvd_triv_left
3607 zdvd_triv_right -> dvd_triv_right
3608 zdvd_zmult_cancel_disj -> dvd_mult_cancel_left
3609 zmod_eq0_zdvd_iff -> dvd_eq_mod_eq_0[symmetric]
3610 zmod_zadd_left_eq -> mod_add_left_eq
3611 zmod_zadd_right_eq -> mod_add_right_eq
3612 zmod_zadd_self1 -> mod_add_self1
3613 zmod_zadd_self2 -> mod_add_self2
3614 zmod_zadd1_eq -> mod_add_eq
3615 zmod_zdiff1_eq -> mod_diff_eq
3616 zmod_zdvd_zmod -> mod_mod_cancel
3617 zmod_zmod_cancel -> mod_mod_cancel
3618 zmod_zmult_self1 -> mod_mult_self2_is_0
3619 zmod_zmult_self2 -> mod_mult_self1_is_0
3622 zdvd_abs1 -> abs_dvd_iff
3623 zdvd_abs2 -> dvd_abs_iff
3624 zdvd_refl -> dvd_refl
3625 zdvd_trans -> dvd_trans
3626 zdvd_zadd -> dvd_add
3627 zdvd_zdiff -> dvd_diff
3628 zdvd_zminus_iff -> dvd_minus_iff
3629 zdvd_zminus2_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
3630 zdvd_zmultD -> dvd_mult_right
3631 zdvd_zmultD2 -> dvd_mult_left
3632 zdvd_zmult_mono -> mult_dvd_mono
3633 zdvd_0_right -> dvd_0_right
3634 zdvd_0_left -> dvd_0_left_iff
3635 zdvd_1_left -> one_dvd
3636 zminus_dvd_iff -> minus_dvd_iff
3638 * Theory Rational: 'Fract k 0' now equals '0'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3640 * The real numbers offer decimal input syntax: 12.34 is translated
3641 into 1234/10^2. This translation is not reversed upon output.
3643 * Theory Library/Polynomial defines an abstract type 'a poly of
3644 univariate polynomials with coefficients of type 'a. In addition to
3645 the standard ring operations, it also supports div and mod. Code
3646 generation is also supported, using list-style constructors.
3648 * Theory Library/Inner_Product defines a class of real_inner for real
3649 inner product spaces, with an overloaded operation inner :: 'a => 'a
3650 => real. Class real_inner is a subclass of real_normed_vector from
3653 * Theory Library/Product_Vector provides instances for the product
3654 type 'a * 'b of several classes from RealVector and Inner_Product.
3655 Definitions of addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, norms,
3656 and inner products are included.
3658 * Theory Library/Bit defines the field "bit" of integers modulo 2. In
3659 addition to the field operations, numerals and case syntax are also
3662 * Theory Library/Diagonalize provides constructive version of Cantor's
3663 first diagonalization argument.
3665 * Theory Library/GCD: Curried operations gcd, lcm (for nat) and zgcd,
3666 zlcm (for int); carried together from various gcd/lcm developements in
3667 the HOL Distribution. Constants zgcd and zlcm replace former igcd and
3668 ilcm; corresponding theorems renamed accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY,
3669 may recover tupled syntax as follows:
3671 hide (open) const gcd
3672 abbreviation gcd where
3673 "gcd == (%(a, b). GCD.gcd a b)"
3675 GCD.gcd ("gcd '(_, _')")
3677 The same works for lcm, zgcd, zlcm.
3679 * Theory Library/Nat_Infinity: added addition, numeral syntax and more
3680 instantiations for algebraic structures. Removed some duplicate
3681 theorems. Changes in simp rules. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3683 * ML antiquotation @{code} takes a constant as argument and generates
3684 corresponding code in background and inserts name of the corresponding
3685 resulting ML value/function/datatype constructor binding in place.
3686 All occurrences of @{code} with a single ML block are generated
3687 simultaneously. Provides a generic and safe interface for
3688 instrumentalizing code generation. See
3689 src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Ferrack.thy for a more ambitious application.
3690 In future you ought to refrain from ad-hoc compiling generated SML
3691 code on the ML toplevel. Note that (for technical reasons) @{code}
3692 cannot refer to constants for which user-defined serializations are
3693 set. Refer to the corresponding ML counterpart directly in that
3696 * Command 'rep_datatype': instead of theorem names the command now
3697 takes a list of terms denoting the constructors of the type to be
3698 represented as datatype. The characteristic theorems have to be
3699 proven. INCOMPATIBILITY. Also observe that the following theorems
3700 have disappeared in favour of existing ones:
3702 unit_induct ~> unit.induct
3703 prod_induct ~> prod.induct
3704 sum_induct ~> sum.induct
3705 Suc_Suc_eq ~> nat.inject
3706 Suc_not_Zero Zero_not_Suc ~> nat.distinct
3711 * New locales for orders and lattices where the equivalence relation
3712 is not restricted to equality. INCOMPATIBILITY: all order and lattice
3713 locales use a record structure with field eq for the equivalence.
3715 * New theory of factorial domains.
3717 * Units_l_inv and Units_r_inv are now simp rules by default.
3718 INCOMPATIBILITY. Simplifier proof that require deletion of l_inv
3719 and/or r_inv will now also require deletion of these lemmas.
3721 * Renamed the following theorems, INCOMPATIBILITY:
3723 UpperD ~> Upper_memD
3724 LowerD ~> Lower_memD
3725 least_carrier ~> least_closed
3726 greatest_carrier ~> greatest_closed
3727 greatest_Lower_above ~> greatest_Lower_below
3728 one_zero ~> carrier_one_zero
3729 one_not_zero ~> carrier_one_not_zero (collision with assumption)
3734 * Nominal datatypes can now contain type-variables.
3736 * Commands 'nominal_inductive' and 'equivariance' work with local
3739 * Nominal primrec can now works with local theory targets and its
3740 specification syntax now conforms to the general format as seen in
3743 * Method "perm_simp" honours the standard simplifier attributes
3744 (no_asm), (no_asm_use) etc.
3746 * The new predicate #* is defined like freshness, except that on the
3747 left hand side can be a set or list of atoms.
3749 * Experimental command 'nominal_inductive2' derives strong induction
3750 principles for inductive definitions. In contrast to
3751 'nominal_inductive', which can only deal with a fixed number of
3752 binders, it can deal with arbitrary expressions standing for sets of
3753 atoms to be avoided. The only inductive definition we have at the
3754 moment that needs this generalisation is the typing rule for Lets in
3757 Gamma |- t1 : T1 (x,close Gamma T1)::Gamma |- t2 : T2 x#Gamma
3758 -----------------------------------------------------------------
3759 Gamma |- Let x be t1 in t2 : T2
3761 In this rule one wants to avoid all the binders that are introduced by
3762 "close Gamma T1". We are looking for other examples where this
3763 feature might be useful. Please let us know.
3768 * Reimplemented the simplification procedure for proving continuity
3769 subgoals. The new simproc is extensible; users can declare additional
3770 continuity introduction rules with the attribute [cont2cont].
3772 * The continuity simproc now uses a different introduction rule for
3773 solving continuity subgoals on terms with lambda abstractions. In
3774 some rare cases the new simproc may fail to solve subgoals that the
3775 old one could solve, and "simp add: cont2cont_LAM" may be necessary.
3776 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
3778 * Command 'fixrec': specification syntax now conforms to the general
3779 format as seen in 'inductive' etc. See src/HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
3780 examples. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3785 * Proof of Zorn's Lemma for partial orders.
3790 * Multithreading for Poly/ML 5.1/5.2 is no longer supported, only for
3791 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later. Important note: the TimeLimit facility
3792 depends on multithreading, so timouts will not work before Poly/ML
3795 * High-level support for concurrent ML programming, see
3796 src/Pure/Cuncurrent. The data-oriented model of "future values" is
3797 particularly convenient to organize independent functional
3798 computations. The concept of "synchronized variables" provides a
3799 higher-order interface for components with shared state, avoiding the
3800 delicate details of mutexes and condition variables. (Requires
3801 Poly/ML 5.2.1 or later.)
3803 * ML bindings produced via Isar commands are stored within the Isar
3804 context (theory or proof). Consequently, commands like 'use' and 'ML'
3805 become thread-safe and work with undo as expected (concerning
3806 top-level bindings, not side-effects on global references).
3807 INCOMPATIBILITY, need to provide proper Isar context when invoking the
3808 compiler at runtime; really global bindings need to be given outside a
3809 theory. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
3811 * Command 'ML_prf' is analogous to 'ML' but works within a proof
3812 context. Top-level ML bindings are stored within the proof context in
3813 a purely sequential fashion, disregarding the nested proof structure.
3814 ML bindings introduced by 'ML_prf' are discarded at the end of the
3815 proof. (Requires Poly/ML 5.2 or later.)
3817 * Simplified ML attribute and method setup, cf. functions Attrib.setup
3818 and Method.setup, as well as Isar commands 'attribute_setup' and
3819 'method_setup'. INCOMPATIBILITY for 'method_setup', need to simplify
3820 existing code accordingly, or use plain 'setup' together with old
3823 * Simplified ML oracle interface Thm.add_oracle promotes 'a -> cterm
3824 to 'a -> thm, while results are always tagged with an authentic oracle
3825 name. The Isar command 'oracle' is now polymorphic, no argument type
3826 is specified. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify existing oracle code
3827 accordingly. Note that extra performance may be gained by producing
3828 the cterm carefully, avoiding slow Thm.cterm_of.
3830 * Simplified interface for defining document antiquotations via
3831 ThyOutput.antiquotation, ThyOutput.output, and optionally
3832 ThyOutput.maybe_pretty_source. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to simplify user
3833 antiquotations accordingly, see src/Pure/Thy/thy_output.ML for common
3836 * More systematic treatment of long names, abstract name bindings, and
3837 name space operations. Basic operations on qualified names have been
3838 move from structure NameSpace to Long_Name, e.g. Long_Name.base_name,
3839 Long_Name.append. Old type bstring has been mostly replaced by
3840 abstract type binding (see structure Binding), which supports precise
3841 qualification by packages and local theory targets, as well as proper
3842 tracking of source positions. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to wrap old
3843 bstring values into Binding.name, or better pass through abstract
3844 bindings everywhere. See further src/Pure/General/long_name.ML,
3845 src/Pure/General/binding.ML and src/Pure/General/name_space.ML
3847 * Result facts (from PureThy.note_thms, ProofContext.note_thms,
3848 LocalTheory.note etc.) now refer to the *full* internal name, not the
3849 bstring as before. INCOMPATIBILITY, not detected by ML type-checking!
3851 * Disposed old type and term read functions (Sign.read_def_typ,
3852 Sign.read_typ, Sign.read_def_terms, Sign.read_term,
3853 Thm.read_def_cterms, Thm.read_cterm etc.). INCOMPATIBILITY, should
3854 use regular Syntax.read_typ, Syntax.read_term, Syntax.read_typ_global,
3855 Syntax.read_term_global etc.; see also OldGoals.read_term as last
3856 resort for legacy applications.
3858 * Disposed old declarations, tactics, tactic combinators that refer to
3859 the simpset or claset of an implicit theory (such as Addsimps,
3860 Simp_tac, SIMPSET). INCOMPATIBILITY, should use @{simpset} etc. in
3861 embedded ML text, or local_simpset_of with a proper context passed as
3862 explicit runtime argument.
3864 * Rules and tactics that read instantiations (read_instantiate,
3865 res_inst_tac, thin_tac, subgoal_tac etc.) now demand a proper proof
3866 context, which is required for parsing and type-checking. Moreover,
3867 the variables are specified as plain indexnames, not string encodings
3868 thereof. INCOMPATIBILITY.
3870 * Generic Toplevel.add_hook interface allows to analyze the result of
3871 transactions. E.g. see src/Pure/ProofGeneral/proof_general_pgip.ML
3872 for theorem dependency output of transactions resulting in a new
3875 * ML antiquotations: block-structured compilation context indicated by
3876 \<lbrace> ... \<rbrace>; additional antiquotation forms:
3878 @{binding name} - basic name binding
3879 @{let ?pat = term} - term abbreviation (HO matching)
3880 @{note name = fact} - fact abbreviation
3881 @{thm fact} - singleton fact (with attributes)
3882 @{thms fact} - general fact (with attributes)
3883 @{lemma prop by method} - singleton goal
3884 @{lemma prop by meth1 meth2} - singleton goal
3885 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by method} - general goal
3886 @{lemma prop1 ... propN by meth1 meth2} - general goal
3887 @{lemma (open) ...} - open derivation
3892 * The Isabelle "emacs" tool provides a specific interface to invoke
3893 Proof General / Emacs, with more explicit failure if that is not
3894 installed (the old isabelle-interface script silently falls back on
3895 isabelle-process). The PROOFGENERAL_HOME setting determines the
3896 installation location of the Proof General distribution.
3898 * Isabelle/lib/classes/Pure.jar provides basic support to integrate
3899 the Isabelle process into a JVM/Scala application. See
3900 Isabelle/lib/jedit/plugin for a minimal example. (The obsolete Java
3901 process wrapper has been discontinued.)
3903 * Added homegrown Isabelle font with unicode layout, see lib/fonts.
3905 * Various status messages (with exact source position information) are
3906 emitted, if proper markup print mode is enabled. This allows
3907 user-interface components to provide detailed feedback on internal
3912 New in Isabelle2008 (June 2008)
3913 -------------------------------
3917 * The Isabelle/Isar Reference Manual (isar-ref) has been reorganized
3918 and updated, with formally checked references as hyperlinks.
3920 * Theory loader: use_thy (and similar operations) no longer set the
3921 implicit ML context, which was occasionally hard to predict and in
3922 conflict with concurrency. INCOMPATIBILITY, use ML within Isar which
3923 provides a proper context already.
3925 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
3926 file are no longer supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, regular 'uses' and
3927 'use' within a theory file will do the job.
3929 * Name space merge now observes canonical order, i.e. the second space
3930 is inserted into the first one, while existing entries in the first
3931 space take precedence. INCOMPATIBILITY in rare situations, may try to
3932 swap theory imports.
3934 * Syntax: symbol \<chi> is now considered a letter. Potential
3935 INCOMPATIBILITY in identifier syntax etc.
3937 * Outer syntax: string tokens no longer admit escaped white space,
3938 which was an accidental (undocumented) feature. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
3939 white space without escapes.
3941 * Outer syntax: string tokens may contain arbitrary character codes
3942 specified via 3 decimal digits (as in SML). E.g. "foo\095bar" for
3948 * Context-dependent token translations. Default setup reverts locally
3949 fixed variables, and adds hilite markup for undeclared frees.
3951 * Unused theorems can be found using the new command 'unused_thms'.
3952 There are three ways of invoking it:
3955 Only finds unused theorems in the current theory.
3957 (2) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n -
3958 Finds unused theorems in the current theory and all of its ancestors,
3959 excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of their ancestors.
3961 (3) unused_thms thy_1 ... thy_n - thy'_1 ... thy'_m
3962 Finds unused theorems in the theories thy'_1 ... thy'_m and all of
3963 their ancestors, excluding the theories thy_1 ... thy_n and all of
3966 In order to increase the readability of the list produced by
3967 unused_thms, theorems that have been created by a particular instance
3968 of a theory command such as 'inductive' or 'function' are considered
3969 to belong to the same "group", meaning that if at least one theorem in
3970 this group is used, the other theorems in the same group are no longer
3971 reported as unused. Moreover, if all theorems in the group are
3972 unused, only one theorem in the group is displayed.
3974 Note that proof objects have to be switched on in order for
3975 unused_thms to work properly (i.e. !proofs must be >= 1, which is
3976 usually the case when using Proof General with the default settings).
3978 * Authentic naming of facts disallows ad-hoc overwriting of previous
3979 theorems within the same name space. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to remove
3980 duplicate fact bindings, or even accidental fact duplications. Note
3981 that tools may maintain dynamically scoped facts systematically, using
3982 PureThy.add_thms_dynamic.
3984 * Command 'hide' now allows to hide from "fact" name space as well.
3986 * Eliminated destructive theorem database, simpset, claset, and
3987 clasimpset. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY, really need to observe linear
3988 update of theories within ML code.
3990 * Eliminated theory ProtoPure and CPure, leaving just one Pure theory.
3991 INCOMPATIBILITY, object-logics depending on former Pure require
3992 additional setup PureThy.old_appl_syntax_setup; object-logics
3993 depending on former CPure need to refer to Pure.
3995 * Commands 'use' and 'ML' are now purely functional, operating on
3996 theory/local_theory. Removed former 'ML_setup' (on theory), use 'ML'
3997 instead. Added 'ML_val' as mere diagnostic replacement for 'ML'.
4000 * Command 'setup': discontinued implicit version with ML reference.
4002 * Instantiation target allows for simultaneous specification of class
4003 instance operations together with an instantiation proof.
4004 Type-checking phase allows to refer to class operations uniformly.
4005 See src/HOL/Complex/Complex.thy for an Isar example and
4006 src/HOL/Library/Eval.thy for an ML example.
4008 * Indexing of literal facts: be more serious about including only
4009 facts from the visible specification/proof context, but not the
4010 background context (locale etc.). Affects `prop` notation and method
4011 "fact". INCOMPATIBILITY: need to name facts explicitly in rare
4014 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": removed obsolete/undocumented
4015 "(open)" option, which used to expose internal bound variables to the
4018 * Isar statements: removed obsolete case "rule_context".
4019 INCOMPATIBILITY, better use explicit fixes/assumes.
4021 * Locale proofs: default proof step now includes 'unfold_locales';
4022 hence 'proof' without argument may be used to unfold locale
4026 *** Document preparation ***
4028 * Simplified pdfsetup.sty: color/hyperref is used unconditionally for
4029 both pdf and dvi (hyperlinks usually work in xdvi as well); removed
4030 obsolete thumbpdf setup (contemporary PDF viewers do this on the
4031 spot); renamed link color from "darkblue" to "linkcolor" (default
4032 value unchanged, can be redefined via \definecolor); no longer sets
4033 "a4paper" option (unnecessary or even intrusive).
4035 * Antiquotation @{lemma A method} proves proposition A by the given
4036 method (either a method name or a method name plus (optional) method
4037 arguments in parentheses) and prints A just like @{prop A}.
4042 * New primrec package. Specification syntax conforms in style to
4043 definition/function/.... No separate induction rule is provided. The
4044 "primrec" command distinguishes old-style and new-style specifications
4045 by syntax. The former primrec package is now named OldPrimrecPackage.
4046 When adjusting theories, beware: constants stemming from new-style
4047 primrec specifications have authentic syntax.
4049 * Metis prover is now an order of magnitude faster, and also works
4050 with multithreading.
4052 * Metis: the maximum number of clauses that can be produced from a
4053 theorem is now given by the attribute max_clauses. Theorems that
4054 exceed this number are ignored, with a warning printed.
4056 * Sledgehammer no longer produces structured proofs by default. To
4057 enable, declare [[sledgehammer_full = true]]. Attributes
4058 reconstruction_modulus, reconstruction_sorts renamed
4059 sledgehammer_modulus, sledgehammer_sorts. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4061 * Method "induct_scheme" derives user-specified induction rules
4062 from well-founded induction and completeness of patterns. This factors
4063 out some operations that are done internally by the function package
4064 and makes them available separately. See
4065 src/HOL/ex/Induction_Scheme.thy for examples.
4067 * More flexible generation of measure functions for termination
4068 proofs: Measure functions can be declared by proving a rule of the
4069 form "is_measure f" and giving it the [measure_function] attribute.
4070 The "is_measure" predicate is logically meaningless (always true), and
4071 just guides the heuristic. To find suitable measure functions, the
4072 termination prover sets up the goal "is_measure ?f" of the appropriate
4073 type and generates all solutions by prolog-style backwards proof using
4076 This setup also deals with rules like
4078 "is_measure f ==> is_measure (list_size f)"
4080 which accommodates nested datatypes that recurse through lists.
4081 Similar rules are predeclared for products and option types.
4083 * Turned the type of sets "'a set" into an abbreviation for "'a => bool"
4087 - Definitions of overloaded constants on sets have to be replaced by
4088 definitions on => and bool.
4090 - Some definitions of overloaded operators on sets can now be proved
4091 using the definitions of the operators on => and bool. Therefore,
4092 the following theorems have been renamed:
4094 subset_def -> subset_eq
4095 psubset_def -> psubset_eq
4096 set_diff_def -> set_diff_eq
4097 Compl_def -> Compl_eq
4098 Sup_set_def -> Sup_set_eq
4099 Inf_set_def -> Inf_set_eq
4100 sup_set_def -> sup_set_eq
4101 inf_set_def -> inf_set_eq
4103 - Due to the incompleteness of the HO unification algorithm, some
4104 rules such as subst may require manual instantiation, if some of
4105 the unknowns in the rule is a set.
4107 - Higher order unification and forward proofs:
4110 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
4111 then have "EX S. P S" ..
4113 no longer works (due to the incompleteness of the HO unification
4114 algorithm) and must be replaced by the pattern
4121 - Calculational reasoning with subst (or similar rules):
4124 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
4125 also have "S = T" <...>
4126 finally have "P T" .
4128 no longer works (for similar reasons as the previous example) and
4129 must be replaced by something like
4131 have "P (S::'a set)" <...>
4132 moreover have "S = T" <...>
4133 ultimately have "P T" by simp
4135 - Tactics or packages written in ML code:
4136 Code performing pattern matching on types via
4138 Type ("set", [T]) => ...
4140 must be rewritten. Moreover, functions like strip_type or
4141 binder_types no longer return the right value when applied to a
4144 T1 => ... => Tn => U => bool
4148 T1 => ... => Tn => U set
4150 * Merged theories Wellfounded_Recursion, Accessible_Part and
4151 Wellfounded_Relations to theory Wellfounded.
4153 * Explicit class "eq" for executable equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4155 * Class finite no longer treats UNIV as class parameter. Use class
4156 enum from theory Library/Enum instead to achieve a similar effect.
4159 * Theory List: rule list_induct2 now has explicitly named cases "Nil"
4160 and "Cons". INCOMPATIBILITY.
4162 * HOL (and FOL): renamed variables in rules imp_elim and swap.
4163 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
4165 * Theory Product_Type: duplicated lemmas split_Pair_apply and
4166 injective_fst_snd removed, use split_eta and prod_eqI instead.
4167 Renamed upd_fst to apfst and upd_snd to apsnd. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4169 * Theory Nat: removed redundant lemmas that merely duplicate lemmas of
4170 the same name in theory Orderings:
4180 Renamed less_imp_le to less_imp_le_nat, and less_irrefl to
4181 less_irrefl_nat. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to more general types
4182 and different variable names.
4184 * Library/Option_ord.thy: Canonical order on option type.
4186 * Library/RBT.thy: Red-black trees, an efficient implementation of
4189 * Library/Countable.thy: Type class for countable types.
4191 * Theory Int: The representation of numerals has changed. The infix
4192 operator BIT and the bit datatype with constructors B0 and B1 have
4193 disappeared. INCOMPATIBILITY, use "Int.Bit0 x" and "Int.Bit1 y" in
4194 place of "x BIT bit.B0" and "y BIT bit.B1", respectively. Theorems
4195 involving BIT, B0, or B1 have been renamed with "Bit0" or "Bit1"
4198 * Theory Nat: definition of <= and < on natural numbers no longer
4199 depend on well-founded relations. INCOMPATIBILITY. Definitions
4200 le_def and less_def have disappeared. Consider lemmas not_less
4201 [symmetric, where ?'a = nat] and less_eq [symmetric] instead.
4203 * Theory Finite_Set: locales ACf, ACe, ACIf, ACIfSL and ACIfSLlin
4204 (whose purpose mainly is for various fold_set functionals) have been
4205 abandoned in favor of the existing algebraic classes
4206 ab_semigroup_mult, comm_monoid_mult, ab_semigroup_idem_mult,
4207 lower_semilattice (resp. upper_semilattice) and linorder.
4210 * Theory Transitive_Closure: induct and cases rules now declare proper
4211 case_names ("base" and "step"). INCOMPATIBILITY.
4213 * Theorem Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct generalized to complete
4214 lattices. The form set-specific version is available as
4215 Inductive.lfp_ordinal_induct_set.
4217 * Renamed theorems "power.simps" to "power_int.simps".
4220 * Class semiring_div provides basic abstract properties of semirings
4221 with division and modulo operations. Subsumes former class dvd_mod.
4223 * Merged theories IntDef, Numeral and IntArith into unified theory
4224 Int. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4226 * Theory Library/Code_Index: type "index" now represents natural
4227 numbers rather than integers. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4229 * New class "uminus" with operation "uminus" (split of from class
4230 "minus" which now only has operation "minus", binary).
4233 * Constants "card", "internal_split", "option_map" now with authentic
4234 syntax. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4236 * Definitions subset_def, psubset_def, set_diff_def, Compl_def,
4237 le_bool_def, less_bool_def, le_fun_def, less_fun_def, inf_bool_def,
4238 sup_bool_def, Inf_bool_def, Sup_bool_def, inf_fun_def, sup_fun_def,
4239 Inf_fun_def, Sup_fun_def, inf_set_def, sup_set_def, Inf_set_def,
4240 Sup_set_def, le_def, less_def, option_map_def now with object
4241 equality. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4243 * Records. Removed K_record, and replaced it by pure lambda term
4244 %x. c. The simplifier setup is now more robust against eta expansion.
4245 INCOMPATIBILITY: in cases explicitly referring to K_record.
4247 * Library/Multiset: {#a, b, c#} abbreviates {#a#} + {#b#} + {#c#}.
4249 * Library/ListVector: new theory of arithmetic vector operations.
4251 * Library/Order_Relation: new theory of various orderings as sets of
4252 pairs. Defines preorders, partial orders, linear orders and
4253 well-orders on sets and on types.
4258 * Renamed some theories to allow to loading both ZF and HOL in the
4261 Datatype -> Datatype_ZF
4262 Inductive -> Inductive_ZF
4269 INCOMPATIBILITY: ZF theories that import individual theories below
4270 Main might need to be adapted. Regular theory Main is still
4271 available, as trivial extension of Main_ZF.
4276 * ML within Isar: antiquotation @{const name} or @{const
4277 name(typargs)} produces statically-checked Const term.
4279 * Functor NamedThmsFun: data is available to the user as dynamic fact
4280 (of the same name). Removed obsolete print command.
4282 * Removed obsolete "use_legacy_bindings" function.
4284 * The ``print mode'' is now a thread-local value derived from a global
4285 template (the former print_mode reference), thus access becomes
4286 non-critical. The global print_mode reference is for session
4287 management only; user-code should use print_mode_value,
4288 print_mode_active, PrintMode.setmp etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4290 * Functions system/system_out provide a robust way to invoke external
4291 shell commands, with propagation of interrupts (requires Poly/ML
4292 5.2.1). Do not use OS.Process.system etc. from the basis library!
4297 * Default settings: PROOFGENERAL_OPTIONS no longer impose xemacs ---
4298 in accordance with Proof General 3.7, which prefers GNU emacs.
4300 * isatool tty runs Isabelle process with plain tty interaction;
4301 optional line editor may be specified via ISABELLE_LINE_EDITOR
4302 setting, the default settings attempt to locate "ledit" and "rlwrap".
4304 * isatool browser now works with Cygwin as well, using general
4305 "javapath" function defined in Isabelle process environment.
4307 * YXML notation provides a simple and efficient alternative to
4308 standard XML transfer syntax. See src/Pure/General/yxml.ML and
4309 isatool yxml as described in the Isabelle system manual.
4311 * JVM class isabelle.IsabelleProcess (located in Isabelle/lib/classes)
4312 provides general wrapper for managing an Isabelle process in a robust
4313 fashion, with ``cooked'' output from stdin/stderr.
4315 * Rudimentary Isabelle plugin for jEdit (see Isabelle/lib/jedit),
4316 based on Isabelle/JVM process wrapper (see Isabelle/lib/classes).
4318 * Removed obsolete THIS_IS_ISABELLE_BUILD feature. NB: the documented
4319 way of changing the user's settings is via
4320 ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/settings, which is a fully featured bash
4323 * Multithreading.max_threads := 0 refers to the number of actual CPU
4324 cores of the underlying machine, which is a good starting point for
4325 optimal performance tuning. The corresponding usedir option -M allows
4326 "max" as an alias for "0". WARNING: does not work on certain versions
4327 of Mac OS (with Poly/ML 5.1).
4329 * isabelle-process: non-ML sessions are run with "nice", to reduce the
4330 adverse effect of Isabelle flooding interactive front-ends (notably
4331 ProofGeneral / XEmacs).
4335 New in Isabelle2007 (November 2007)
4336 -----------------------------------
4340 * More uniform information about legacy features, notably a
4341 warning/error of "Legacy feature: ...", depending on the state of the
4342 tolerate_legacy_features flag (default true). FUTURE INCOMPATIBILITY:
4343 legacy features will disappear eventually.
4345 * Theory syntax: the header format ``theory A = B + C:'' has been
4346 discontinued in favour of ``theory A imports B C begin''. Use isatool
4347 fixheaders to convert existing theory files. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4349 * Theory syntax: the old non-Isar theory file format has been
4350 discontinued altogether. Note that ML proof scripts may still be used
4351 with Isar theories; migration is usually quite simple with the ML
4352 function use_legacy_bindings. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4354 * Theory syntax: some popular names (e.g. 'class', 'declaration',
4355 'fun', 'help', 'if') are now keywords. INCOMPATIBILITY, use double
4358 * Theory loader: be more serious about observing the static theory
4359 header specifications (including optional directories), but not the
4360 accidental file locations of previously successful loads. The strict
4361 update policy of former update_thy is now already performed by
4362 use_thy, so the former has been removed; use_thys updates several
4363 theories simultaneously, just as 'imports' within a theory header
4364 specification, but without merging the results. Potential
4365 INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to refine theory headers and commands
4366 ROOT.ML which depend on load order.
4368 * Theory loader: optional support for content-based file
4369 identification, instead of the traditional scheme of full physical
4370 path plus date stamp; configured by the ISABELLE_FILE_IDENT setting
4371 (cf. the system manual). The new scheme allows to work with
4372 non-finished theories in persistent session images, such that source
4373 files may be moved later on without requiring reloads.
4375 * Theory loader: old-style ML proof scripts being *attached* to a thy
4376 file (with the same base name as the theory) are considered a legacy
4377 feature, which will disappear eventually. Even now, the theory loader
4378 no longer maintains dependencies on such files.
4380 * Syntax: the scope for resolving ambiguities via type-inference is
4381 now limited to individual terms, instead of whole simultaneous
4382 specifications as before. This greatly reduces the complexity of the
4383 syntax module and improves flexibility by separating parsing and
4384 type-checking. INCOMPATIBILITY: additional type-constraints (explicit
4385 'fixes' etc.) are required in rare situations.
4387 * Syntax: constants introduced by new-style packages ('definition',
4388 'abbreviation' etc.) are passed through the syntax module in
4389 ``authentic mode''. This means that associated mixfix annotations
4390 really stick to such constants, independently of potential name space
4391 ambiguities introduced later on. INCOMPATIBILITY: constants in parse
4392 trees are represented slightly differently, may need to adapt syntax
4393 translations accordingly. Use CONST marker in 'translations' and
4394 @{const_syntax} antiquotation in 'parse_translation' etc.
4396 * Legacy goal package: reduced interface to the bare minimum required
4397 to keep existing proof scripts running. Most other user-level
4398 functions are now part of the OldGoals structure, which is *not* open
4399 by default (consider isatool expandshort before open OldGoals).
4400 Removed top_sg, prin, printyp, pprint_term/typ altogether, because
4401 these tend to cause confusion about the actual goal (!) context being
4402 used here, which is not necessarily the same as the_context().
4404 * Command 'find_theorems': supports "*" wild-card in "name:"
4405 criterion; "with_dups" option. Certain ProofGeneral versions might
4406 support a specific search form (see ProofGeneral/CHANGES).
4408 * The ``prems limit'' option (cf. ProofContext.prems_limit) is now -1
4409 by default, which means that "prems" (and also "fixed variables") are
4410 suppressed from proof state output. Note that the ProofGeneral
4411 settings mechanism allows to change and save options persistently, but
4412 older versions of Isabelle will fail to start up if a negative prems
4415 * Local theory targets may be specified by non-nested blocks of
4416 ``context/locale/class ... begin'' followed by ``end''. The body may
4417 contain definitions, theorems etc., including any derived mechanism
4418 that has been implemented on top of these primitives. This concept
4419 generalizes the existing ``theorem (in ...)'' towards more versatility
4422 * Proof General interface: proper undo of final 'end' command;
4423 discontinued Isabelle/classic mode (ML proof scripts).
4426 *** Document preparation ***
4428 * Added antiquotation @{theory name} which prints the given name,
4429 after checking that it refers to a valid ancestor theory in the
4432 * Added antiquotations @{ML_type text} and @{ML_struct text} which
4433 check the given source text as ML type/structure, printing verbatim.
4435 * Added antiquotation @{abbrev "c args"} which prints the abbreviation
4436 "c args == rhs" given in the current context. (Any number of
4437 arguments may be given on the LHS.)
4442 * The 'class' package offers a combination of axclass and locale to
4443 achieve Haskell-like type classes in Isabelle. Definitions and
4444 theorems within a class context produce both relative results (with
4445 implicit parameters according to the locale context), and polymorphic
4446 constants with qualified polymorphism (according to the class
4447 context). Within the body context of a 'class' target, a separate
4448 syntax layer ("user space type system") takes care of converting
4449 between global polymorphic consts and internal locale representation.
4450 See src/HOL/ex/Classpackage.thy for examples (as well as main HOL).
4451 "isatool doc classes" provides a tutorial.
4453 * Generic code generator framework allows to generate executable
4454 code for ML and Haskell (including Isabelle classes). A short usage
4457 internal compilation:
4458 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML
4459 writing SML code to a file:
4460 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in SML <filename>
4461 writing OCaml code to a file:
4462 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in OCaml <filename>
4463 writing Haskell code to a bunch of files:
4464 export_code <list of constants (term syntax)> in Haskell <filename>
4466 evaluating closed propositions to True/False using code generation:
4469 Reasonable default setup of framework in HOL.
4471 Theorem attributs for selecting and transforming function equations theorems:
4473 [code fun]: select a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
4474 [code fun del]: deselect a theorem as function equation for a specific constant
4475 [code inline]: select an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
4476 [code inline del]: deselect an equation theorem for unfolding (inlining) in place
4478 User-defined serializations (target in {SML, OCaml, Haskell}):
4480 code_const <and-list of constants (term syntax)>
4481 {(target) <and-list of const target syntax>}+
4483 code_type <and-list of type constructors>
4484 {(target) <and-list of type target syntax>}+
4486 code_instance <and-list of instances>
4488 where instance ::= <type constructor> :: <class>
4490 code_class <and_list of classes>
4491 {(target) <and-list of class target syntax>}+
4492 where class target syntax ::= <class name> {where {<classop> == <target syntax>}+}?
4494 code_instance and code_class only are effective to target Haskell.
4496 For example usage see src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator.thy and
4497 src/HOL/ex/Codegenerator_Pretty.thy. A separate tutorial on code
4498 generation from Isabelle/HOL theories is available via "isatool doc
4501 * Code generator: consts in 'consts_code' Isar commands are now
4502 referred to by usual term syntax (including optional type
4505 * Command 'no_translations' removes translation rules from theory
4508 * Overloaded definitions are now actually checked for acyclic
4509 dependencies. The overloading scheme is slightly more general than
4510 that of Haskell98, although Isabelle does not demand an exact
4511 correspondence to type class and instance declarations.
4512 INCOMPATIBILITY, use ``defs (unchecked overloaded)'' to admit more
4513 exotic versions of overloading -- at the discretion of the user!
4515 Polymorphic constants are represented via type arguments, i.e. the
4516 instantiation that matches an instance against the most general
4517 declaration given in the signature. For example, with the declaration
4518 c :: 'a => 'a => 'a, an instance c :: nat => nat => nat is represented
4519 as c(nat). Overloading is essentially simultaneous structural
4520 recursion over such type arguments. Incomplete specification patterns
4521 impose global constraints on all occurrences, e.g. c('a * 'a) on the
4522 LHS means that more general c('a * 'b) will be disallowed on any RHS.
4523 Command 'print_theory' outputs the normalized system of recursive
4524 equations, see section "definitions".
4526 * Configuration options are maintained within the theory or proof
4527 context (with name and type bool/int/string), providing a very simple
4528 interface to a poor-man's version of general context data. Tools may
4529 declare options in ML (e.g. using Attrib.config_int) and then refer to
4530 these values using Config.get etc. Users may change options via an
4531 associated attribute of the same name. This form of context
4532 declaration works particularly well with commands 'declare' or
4533 'using', for example ``declare [[foo = 42]]''. Thus it has become
4534 very easy to avoid global references, which would not observe Isar
4535 toplevel undo/redo and fail to work with multithreading.
4537 Various global ML references of Pure and HOL have been turned into
4538 configuration options:
4540 Unify.search_bound unify_search_bound
4541 Unify.trace_bound unify_trace_bound
4542 Unify.trace_simp unify_trace_simp
4543 Unify.trace_types unify_trace_types
4544 Simplifier.simp_depth_limit simp_depth_limit
4545 Blast.depth_limit blast_depth_limit
4546 DatatypeProp.dtK datatype_distinctness_limit
4547 fast_arith_neq_limit fast_arith_neq_limit
4548 fast_arith_split_limit fast_arith_split_limit
4550 * Named collections of theorems may be easily installed as context
4551 data using the functor NamedThmsFun (see also
4552 src/Pure/Tools/named_thms.ML). The user may add or delete facts via
4553 attributes; there is also a toplevel print command. This facility is
4554 just a common case of general context data, which is the preferred way
4555 for anything more complex than just a list of facts in canonical
4558 * Isar: command 'declaration' augments a local theory by generic
4559 declaration functions written in ML. This enables arbitrary content
4560 being added to the context, depending on a morphism that tells the
4561 difference of the original declaration context wrt. the application
4562 context encountered later on.
4564 * Isar: proper interfaces for simplification procedures. Command
4565 'simproc_setup' declares named simprocs (with match patterns, and body
4566 text in ML). Attribute "simproc" adds/deletes simprocs in the current
4567 context. ML antiquotation @{simproc name} retrieves named simprocs.
4569 * Isar: an extra pair of brackets around attribute declarations
4570 abbreviates a theorem reference involving an internal dummy fact,
4571 which will be ignored later --- only the effect of the attribute on
4572 the background context will persist. This form of in-place
4573 declarations is particularly useful with commands like 'declare' and
4574 'using', for example ``have A using [[simproc a]] by simp''.
4576 * Isar: method "assumption" (and implicit closing of subproofs) now
4577 takes simple non-atomic goal assumptions into account: after applying
4578 an assumption as a rule the resulting subgoals are solved by atomic
4579 assumption steps. This is particularly useful to finish 'obtain'
4580 goals, such as "!!x. (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> P x ==> thesis",
4581 without referring to the original premise "!!x. P x ==> thesis" in the
4582 Isar proof context. POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY: method "assumption" is
4585 * Isar: implicit use of prems from the Isar proof context is
4586 considered a legacy feature. Common applications like ``have A .''
4587 may be replaced by ``have A by fact'' or ``note `A`''. In general,
4588 referencing facts explicitly here improves readability and
4589 maintainability of proof texts.
4591 * Isar: improper proof element 'guess' is like 'obtain', but derives
4592 the obtained context from the course of reasoning! For example:
4594 assume "EX x y. A x & B y" -- "any previous fact"
4595 then guess x and y by clarify
4597 This technique is potentially adventurous, depending on the facts and
4598 proof tools being involved here.
4600 * Isar: known facts from the proof context may be specified as literal
4601 propositions, using ASCII back-quote syntax. This works wherever
4602 named facts used to be allowed so far, in proof commands, proof
4603 methods, attributes etc. Literal facts are retrieved from the context
4604 according to unification of type and term parameters. For example,
4605 provided that "A" and "A ==> B" and "!!x. P x ==> Q x" are known
4606 theorems in the current context, then these are valid literal facts:
4607 `A` and `A ==> B` and `!!x. P x ==> Q x" as well as `P a ==> Q a` etc.
4609 There is also a proof method "fact" which does the same composition
4610 for explicit goal states, e.g. the following proof texts coincide with
4611 certain special cases of literal facts:
4613 have "A" by fact == note `A`
4614 have "A ==> B" by fact == note `A ==> B`
4615 have "!!x. P x ==> Q x" by fact == note `!!x. P x ==> Q x`
4616 have "P a ==> Q a" by fact == note `P a ==> Q a`
4618 * Isar: ":" (colon) is no longer a symbolic identifier character in
4619 outer syntax. Thus symbolic identifiers may be used without
4620 additional white space in declarations like this: ``assume *: A''.
4622 * Isar: 'print_facts' prints all local facts of the current context,
4623 both named and unnamed ones.
4625 * Isar: 'def' now admits simultaneous definitions, e.g.:
4627 def x == "t" and y == "u"
4629 * Isar: added command 'unfolding', which is structurally similar to
4630 'using', but affects both the goal state and facts by unfolding given
4631 rewrite rules. Thus many occurrences of the 'unfold' method or
4632 'unfolded' attribute may be replaced by first-class proof text.
4634 * Isar: methods 'unfold' / 'fold', attributes 'unfolded' / 'folded',
4635 and command 'unfolding' now all support object-level equalities
4636 (potentially conditional). The underlying notion of rewrite rule is
4637 analogous to the 'rule_format' attribute, but *not* that of the
4638 Simplifier (which is usually more generous).
4640 * Isar: the new attribute [rotated n] (default n = 1) rotates the
4641 premises of a theorem by n. Useful in conjunction with drule.
4643 * Isar: the goal restriction operator [N] (default N = 1) evaluates a
4644 method expression within a sandbox consisting of the first N
4645 sub-goals, which need to exist. For example, ``simp_all [3]''
4646 simplifies the first three sub-goals, while (rule foo, simp_all)[]
4647 simplifies all new goals that emerge from applying rule foo to the
4648 originally first one.
4650 * Isar: schematic goals are no longer restricted to higher-order
4651 patterns; e.g. ``lemma "?P(?x)" by (rule TrueI)'' now works as
4654 * Isar: the conclusion of a long theorem statement is now either
4655 'shows' (a simultaneous conjunction, as before), or 'obtains'
4656 (essentially a disjunction of cases with local parameters and
4657 assumptions). The latter allows to express general elimination rules
4658 adequately; in this notation common elimination rules look like this:
4660 lemma exE: -- "EX x. P x ==> (!!x. P x ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
4662 obtains x where "P x"
4664 lemma conjE: -- "A & B ==> (A ==> B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
4668 lemma disjE: -- "A | B ==> (A ==> thesis) ==> (B ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
4674 The subsequent classical rules even refer to the formal "thesis"
4677 lemma classical: -- "(~ thesis ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
4680 lemma Peirce's_Law: -- "((thesis ==> something) ==> thesis) ==> thesis"
4681 obtains "thesis ==> something"
4683 The actual proof of an 'obtains' statement is analogous to that of the
4684 Isar proof element 'obtain', only that there may be several cases.
4685 Optional case names may be specified in parentheses; these will be
4686 available both in the present proof and as annotations in the
4687 resulting rule, for later use with the 'cases' method (cf. attribute
4690 * Isar: the assumptions of a long theorem statement are available as
4691 "assms" fact in the proof context. This is more appropriate than the
4692 (historical) "prems", which refers to all assumptions of the current
4693 context, including those from the target locale, proof body etc.
4695 * Isar: 'print_statement' prints theorems from the current theory or
4696 proof context in long statement form, according to the syntax of a
4699 * Isar: 'obtain' takes an optional case name for the local context
4700 introduction rule (default "that").
4702 * Isar: removed obsolete 'concl is' patterns. INCOMPATIBILITY, use
4703 explicit (is "_ ==> ?foo") in the rare cases where this still happens
4706 * Pure: syntax "CONST name" produces a fully internalized constant
4707 according to the current context. This is particularly useful for
4708 syntax translations that should refer to internal constant
4709 representations independently of name spaces.
4711 * Pure: syntax constant for foo (binder "FOO ") is called "foo_binder"
4712 instead of "FOO ". This allows multiple binder declarations to coexist
4713 in the same context. INCOMPATIBILITY.
4715 * Isar/locales: 'notation' provides a robust interface to the 'syntax'
4716 primitive that also works in a locale context (both for constants and
4717 fixed variables). Type declaration and internal syntactic representation
4718 of given constants retrieved from the context. Likewise, the
4719 'no_notation' command allows to remove given syntax annotations from the
4722 * Isar/locales: new derived specification elements 'axiomatization',
4723 'definition', 'abbreviation', which support type-inference, admit
4724 object-level specifications (equality, equivalence). See also the
4725 isar-ref manual. Examples:
4728 eq (infix "===" 50) where
4729 eq_refl: "x === x" and eq_subst: "x === y ==> P x ==> P y"
4731 definition "f x y = x + y + 1"
4732 definition g where "g x = f x x"
4735 neq (infix "=!=" 50) where
4736 "x =!= y == ~ (x === y)"
4738 These specifications may be also used in a locale context. Then the
4739 constants being introduced depend on certain fixed parameters, and the
4740 constant name is qualified by the locale base name. An internal
4741 abbreviation takes care for convenient input and output, making the
4742 parameters implicit and using the original short name. See also
4743 src/HOL/ex/Abstract_NAT.thy for an example of deriving polymorphic
4744 entities from a monomorphic theory.
4746 Presently, abbreviations are only available 'in' a target locale, but
4747 not inherited by general import expressions. Also note that
4748 'abbreviation' may be used as a type-safe replacement for 'syntax' +
4749 'translations' in common applications. The "no_abbrevs" print mode
4750 prevents folding of abbreviations in term output.
4752 Concrete syntax is attached to specified constants in internal form,
4753 independently of name spaces. The parse tree representation is
4754 slightly different -- use 'notation' instead of raw 'syntax', and
4755 'translations' with explicit "CONST" markup to accommodate this.
4757 * Pure/Isar: unified syntax for new-style specification mechanisms
4758 (e.g. 'definition', 'abbreviation', or 'inductive' in HOL) admits
4759 full type inference and dummy patterns ("_"). For example:
4761 definition "K x _ = x"
4763 inductive conj for A B
4764 where "A ==> B ==> conj A B"
4766 * Pure: command 'print_abbrevs' prints all constant abbreviations of
4767 the current context. Print mode "no_abbrevs" prevents inversion of
4768 abbreviations on output.
4770 * Isar/locales: improved parameter handling: use of locales "var" and
4771 "struct" no longer necessary; - parameter renamings are no longer
4772 required to be injective. For example, this allows to define
4773 endomorphisms as locale endom = homom mult mult h.
4775 * Isar/locales: changed the way locales with predicates are defined.
4776 Instead of accumulating the specification, the imported expression is
4777 now an interpretation. INCOMPATIBILITY: different normal form of
4778 locale expressions. In particular, in interpretations of locales with
4779 predicates, goals repesenting already interpreted fragments are not
4780 removed automatically. Use methods `intro_locales' and
4781 `unfold_locales'; see below.
4783 * Isar/locales: new methods `intro_locales' and `unfold_locales'
4784 provide backward reasoning on locales predicates. The methods are
4785 aware of interpretations and discharge corresponding goals.
4786 `intro_locales' is less aggressive then `unfold_locales' and does not
4787 unfold predicates to assumptions.
4789 * Isar/locales: the order in which locale fragments are accumulated
4790 has changed. This enables to override declarations from fragments due
4791 to interpretations -- for example, unwanted simp rules.
4793 * Isar/locales: interpretation in theories and proof contexts has been
4794 extended. One may now specify (and prove) equations, which are
4795 unfolded in interpreted theorems. This is useful for replacing
4796 defined concepts (constants depending on locale parameters) by
4797 concepts already existing in the target context. Example:
4799 interpretation partial_order ["op <= :: [int, int] => bool"]
4800 where "partial_order.less (op <=) (x::int) y = (x < y)"
4802 Typically, the constant `partial_order.less' is created by a
4803 definition specification element in the context of locale
4806 * Method "induct": improved internal context management to support
4807 local fixes and defines on-the-fly. Thus explicit meta-level
4808 connectives !! and ==> are rarely required anymore in inductive goals
4809 (using object-logic connectives for this purpose has been long
4810 obsolete anyway). Common proof patterns are explained in
4811 src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, see also
4812 src/HOL/Isar_examples/Puzzle.thy and src/HOL/Lambda for realistic
4815 * Method "induct": improved handling of simultaneous goals. Instead of
4816 introducing object-level conjunction, the statement is now split into
4817 several conclusions, while the corresponding symbolic cases are nested
4818 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, proofs need to be structured explicitly,
4819 see src/HOL/Induct/Common_Patterns.thy, for example.
4821 * Method "induct": mutual induction rules are now specified as a list
4822 of rule sharing the same induction cases. HOL packages usually provide
4823 foo_bar.inducts for mutually defined items foo and bar (e.g. inductive
4824 predicates/sets or datatypes). INCOMPATIBILITY, users need to specify
4825 mutual induction rules differently, i.e. like this:
4827 (induct rule: foo_bar.inducts)
4828 (induct set: foo bar)
4829 (induct pred: foo bar)
4830 (induct type: foo bar)
4832 The ML function ProjectRule.projections turns old-style rules into the
4835 * Method "coinduct": dual of induction, see
4836 src/HOL/Library/Coinductive_List.thy for various examples.
4838 * Method "cases", "induct", "coinduct": the ``(open)'' option is
4839 considered a legacy feature.
4841 * Attribute "symmetric" produces result with standardized schematic
4842 variables (index 0). Potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
4844 * Simplifier: by default the simplifier trace only shows top level
4845 rewrites now. That is, trace_simp_depth_limit is set to 1 by
4846 default. Thus there is less danger of being flooded by the trace. The
4847 trace indicates where parts have been suppressed.
4849 * Provers/classical: removed obsolete classical version of elim_format
4850 attribute; classical elim/dest rules are now treated uniformly when
4851 manipulating the claset.
4853 * Provers/classical: stricter checks to ensure that supplied intro,
4854 dest and elim rules are well-formed; dest and elim rules must have at
4857 * Provers/classical: attributes dest/elim/intro take an optional
4858 weight argument for the rule (just as the Pure versions). Weights are
4859 ignored by automated tools, but determine the search order of single
4862 * Syntax: input syntax now supports dummy variable binding "%_. b",
4863 where the body does not mention the bound variable. Note that dummy
4864 patterns implicitly depend on their context of bounds, which makes
4865 "{_. _}" match any set comprehension as expected. Potential
4866 INCOMPATIBILITY -- parse translations need to cope with syntactic
4867 constant "_idtdummy" in the binding position.
4869 * Syntax: removed obsolete syntactic constant "_K" and its associated
4870 parse translation. INCOMPATIBILITY -- use dummy abstraction instead,
4871 for example "A -> B" => "Pi A (%_. B)".
4873 * Pure: 'class_deps' command visualizes the subclass relation, using
4874 the graph browser tool.
4876 * Pure: 'print_theory' now suppresses certain internal declarations by
4877 default; use '!' option for full details.
4882 * Method "metis" proves goals by applying the Metis general-purpose
4883 resolution prover (see also http://gilith.com/software/metis/).
4884 Examples are in the directory MetisExamples. WARNING: the
4885 Isabelle/HOL-Metis integration does not yet work properly with
4888 * Command 'sledgehammer' invokes external automatic theorem provers as
4889 background processes. It generates calls to the "metis" method if
4890 successful. These can be pasted into the proof. Users do not have to
4891 wait for the automatic provers to return. WARNING: does not really
4892 work with multi-threading.
4894 * New "auto_quickcheck" feature tests outermost goal statements for
4895 potential counter-examples. Controlled by ML references
4896 auto_quickcheck (default true) and auto_quickcheck_time_limit (default
4897 5000 milliseconds). Fails silently if statements is outside of
4898 executable fragment, or any other codgenerator problem occurs.
4900 * New constant "undefined" with axiom "undefined x = undefined".
4902 * Added class "HOL.eq", allowing for code generation with polymorphic
4905 * Some renaming of class constants due to canonical name prefixing in
4906 the new 'class' package:
4908 HOL.abs ~> HOL.abs_class.abs
4909 HOL.divide ~> HOL.divide_class.divide
4910 0 ~> HOL.zero_class.zero
4911 1 ~> HOL.one_class.one
4912 op + ~> HOL.plus_class.plus
4913 op - ~> HOL.minus_class.minus
4914 uminus ~> HOL.minus_class.uminus
4915 op * ~> HOL.times_class.times
4916 op < ~> HOL.ord_class.less
4917 op <= > HOL.ord_class.less_eq
4918 Nat.power ~> Power.power_class.power
4919 Nat.size ~> Nat.size_class.size
4920 Numeral.number_of ~> Numeral.number_class.number_of
4921 FixedPoint.Inf ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Inf
4922 FixedPoint.Sup ~> Lattices.complete_lattice_class.Sup
4923 Orderings.min ~> Orderings.ord_class.min
4924 Orderings.max ~> Orderings.ord_class.max
4925 Divides.op div ~> Divides.div_class.div
4926 Divides.op mod ~> Divides.div_class.mod
4927 Divides.op dvd ~> Divides.div_class.dvd
4929 INCOMPATIBILITY. Adaptions may be required in the following cases:
4931 a) User-defined constants using any of the names "plus", "minus",
4932 "times", "less" or "less_eq". The standard syntax translations for
4933 "+", "-" and "*" may go wrong. INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific
4936 b) Variables named "plus", "minus", "times", "less", "less_eq"
4937 INCOMPATIBILITY: use more specific names.
4939 c) Permutative equations (e.g. "a + b = b + a")
4940 Since the change of names also changes the order of terms, permutative
4941 rewrite rules may get applied in a different order. Experience shows
4942 that this is rarely the case (only two adaptions in the whole Isabelle
4943 distribution). INCOMPATIBILITY: rewrite proofs
4945 d) ML code directly refering to constant names
4946 This in general only affects hand-written proof tactics, simprocs and
4947 so on. INCOMPATIBILITY: grep your sourcecode and replace names.
4948 Consider using @{const_name} antiquotation.
4950 * New class "default" with associated constant "default".
4952 * Function "sgn" is now overloaded and available on int, real, complex
4953 (and other numeric types), using class "sgn". Two possible defs of
4954 sgn are given as equational assumptions in the classes sgn_if and
4955 sgn_div_norm; ordered_idom now also inherits from sgn_if.
4958 * Locale "partial_order" now unified with class "order" (cf. theory
4959 Orderings), added parameter "less". INCOMPATIBILITY.
4961 * Renamings in classes "order" and "linorder": facts "refl", "trans" and
4962 "cases" to "order_refl", "order_trans" and "linorder_cases", to avoid
4963 clashes with HOL "refl" and "trans". INCOMPATIBILITY.
4965 * Classes "order" and "linorder": potential INCOMPATIBILITY due to
4966 changed order of proof goals in instance proofs.
4968 * The transitivity reasoner for partial and linear orders is set up
4969 for classes "order" and "linorder". Instances of the reasoner are available
4970 in all contexts importing or interpreting the corresponding locales.
4971 Method "order" invokes the reasoner separately; the reasoner
4972 is also integrated with the Simplifier as a solver. Diagnostic
4973 command 'print_orders' shows the available instances of the reasoner
4974 in the current context.
4976 * Localized monotonicity predicate in theory "Orderings"; integrated
4977 lemmas max_of_mono and min_of_mono with this predicate.
4980 * Formulation of theorem "dense" changed slightly due to integration
4981 with new class dense_linear_order.
4983 * Uniform lattice theory development in HOL.
4985 constants "meet" and "join" now named "inf" and "sup"
4986 constant "Meet" now named "Inf"
4988 classes "meet_semilorder" and "join_semilorder" now named
4989 "lower_semilattice" and "upper_semilattice"
4990 class "lorder" now named "lattice"
4991 class "comp_lat" now named "complete_lattice"
4993 Instantiation of lattice classes allows explicit definitions
4994 for "inf" and "sup" operations (or "Inf" and "Sup" for complete lattices).
4996 INCOMPATIBILITY. Theorem renames:
4998 meet_left_le ~> inf_le1
4999 meet_right_le ~> inf_le2
5000 join_left_le ~> sup_ge1
5001 join_right_le ~> sup_ge2
5002 meet_join_le ~> inf_sup_ord
5005 le_meet ~> le_inf_iff
5006 le_join ~> ge_sup_conv
5007 meet_idempotent ~> inf_idem
5008 join_idempotent ~> sup_idem
5009 meet_comm ~> inf_commute
5010 join_comm ~> sup_commute
5011 meet_leI1 ~> le_infI1
5012 meet_leI2 ~> le_infI2
5013 le_joinI1 ~> le_supI1
5014 le_joinI2 ~> le_supI2
5015 meet_assoc ~> inf_assoc
5016 join_assoc ~> sup_assoc
5017 meet_left_comm ~> inf_left_commute
5018 meet_left_idempotent ~> inf_left_idem
5019 join_left_comm ~> sup_left_commute
5020 join_left_idempotent ~> sup_left_idem
5023 le_def_meet ~> le_iff_inf
5024 le_def_join ~> le_iff_sup
5025 join_absorp2 ~> sup_absorb2
5026 join_absorp1 ~> sup_absorb1
5027 meet_absorp1 ~> inf_absorb1
5028 meet_absorp2 ~> inf_absorb2
5029 meet_join_absorp ~> inf_sup_absorb
5030 join_meet_absorp ~> sup_inf_absorb
5031 distrib_join_le ~> distrib_sup_le
5032 distrib_meet_le ~> distrib_inf_le
5034 add_meet_distrib_left ~> add_inf_distrib_left
5035 add_join_distrib_left ~> add_sup_distrib_left
5036 is_join_neg_meet ~> is_join_neg_inf
5037 is_meet_neg_join ~> is_meet_neg_sup
5038 add_meet_distrib_right ~> add_inf_distrib_right
5039 add_join_distrib_right ~> add_sup_distrib_right
5040 add_meet_join_distribs ~> add_sup_inf_distribs
5041 join_eq_neg_meet ~> sup_eq_neg_inf
5042 meet_eq_neg_join ~> inf_eq_neg_sup
5043 add_eq_meet_join ~> add_eq_inf_sup
5044 meet_0_imp_0 ~> inf_0_imp_0
5045 join_0_imp_0 ~> sup_0_imp_0
5046 meet_0_eq_0 ~> inf_0_eq_0
5047 join_0_eq_0 ~> sup_0_eq_0
5048 neg_meet_eq_join ~> neg_inf_eq_sup
5049 neg_join_eq_meet ~> neg_sup_eq_inf
5050 join_eq_if ~> sup_eq_if
5052 mono_meet ~> mono_inf
5053 mono_join ~> mono_sup
5054 meet_bool_eq ~> inf_bool_eq
5055 join_bool_eq ~> sup_bool_eq
5056 meet_fun_eq ~> inf_fun_eq
5057 join_fun_eq ~> sup_fun_eq
5058 meet_set_eq ~> inf_set_eq
5059 join_set_eq ~> sup_set_eq
5060 meet1_iff ~> inf1_iff
5061 meet2_iff ~> inf2_iff
5070 join1_iff ~> sup1_iff
5071 join2_iff ~> sup2_iff
5081 is_meet_Meet ~> is_meet_Inf
5082 Meet_bool_def ~> Inf_bool_def
5083 Meet_fun_def ~> Inf_fun_def
5084 Meet_greatest ~> Inf_greatest
5085 Meet_lower ~> Inf_lower
5086 Meet_set_def ~> Inf_set_def
5089 Sup_bool_eq ~> Sup_bool_def
5090 Sup_fun_eq ~> Sup_fun_def
5091 Sup_set_eq ~> Sup_set_def
5093 listsp_meetI ~> listsp_infI
5094 listsp_meet_eq ~> listsp_inf_eq
5099 * Added syntactic class "size"; overloaded constant "size" now has
5100 type "'a::size ==> bool"
5102 * Internal reorganisation of `size' of datatypes: size theorems
5103 "foo.size" are no longer subsumed by "foo.simps" (but are still
5104 simplification rules by default!); theorems "prod.size" now named
5107 * Class "div" now inherits from class "times" rather than "type".
5110 * HOL/Finite_Set: "name-space" locales Lattice, Distrib_lattice,
5111 Linorder etc. have disappeared; operations defined in terms of
5112 fold_set now are named Inf_fin, Sup_fin. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5114 * HOL/Nat: neq0_conv no longer declared as iff. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5116 * HOL-Word: New extensive library and type for generic, fixed size
5117 machine words, with arithemtic, bit-wise, shifting and rotating
5118 operations, reflection into int, nat, and bool lists, automation for
5119 linear arithmetic (by automatic reflection into nat or int), including
5120 lemmas on overflow and monotonicity. Instantiated to all appropriate
5121 arithmetic type classes, supporting automatic simplification of
5122 numerals on all operations.
5124 * Library/Boolean_Algebra: locales for abstract boolean algebras.
5126 * Library/Numeral_Type: numbers as types, e.g. TYPE(32).
5128 * Code generator library theories:
5129 - Code_Integer represents HOL integers by big integer literals in target
5131 - Code_Char represents HOL characters by character literals in target
5133 - Code_Char_chr like Code_Char, but also offers treatment of character
5134 codes; includes Code_Integer.
5135 - Executable_Set allows to generate code for finite sets using lists.
5136 - Executable_Rat implements rational numbers as triples (sign, enumerator,
5138 - Executable_Real implements a subset of real numbers, namly those
5139 representable by rational numbers.
5140 - Efficient_Nat implements natural numbers by integers, which in general will
5141 result in higher efficency; pattern matching with 0/Suc is eliminated;
5142 includes Code_Integer.
5143 - Code_Index provides an additional datatype index which is mapped to
5144 target-language built-in integers.
5145 - Code_Message provides an additional datatype message_string which is isomorphic to
5146 strings; messages are mapped to target-language strings.
5148 * New package for inductive predicates
5150 An n-ary predicate p with m parameters z_1, ..., z_m can now be defined via
5153 p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
5154 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
5156 rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
5159 with full support for type-inference, rather than
5161 consts s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
5163 abbreviation p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
5164 where "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5166 inductive "s z_1 ... z_m"
5168 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5171 For backward compatibility, there is a wrapper allowing inductive
5172 sets to be defined with the new package via
5175 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
5176 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
5178 rule_1: "... ==> (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5184 s :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => (T_1 * ... * T_n) set"
5185 and p :: "U_1 => ... => U_m => T_1 => ... => T_n => bool"
5186 for z_1 :: U_1 and ... and z_n :: U_m
5188 "p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n == (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m"
5189 | rule_1: "... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_1_1 ... t_1_n"
5192 if the additional syntax "p ..." is required.
5194 Numerous examples can be found in the subdirectories src/HOL/Auth,
5195 src/HOL/Bali, src/HOL/Induct, and src/HOL/MicroJava.
5199 - Since declaration and definition of inductive sets or predicates
5200 is no longer separated, abbreviations involving the newly
5201 introduced sets or predicates must be specified together with the
5202 introduction rules after the 'where' keyword (see above), rather
5203 than before the actual inductive definition.
5205 - The variables in induction and elimination rules are now
5206 quantified in the order of their occurrence in the introduction
5207 rules, rather than in alphabetical order. Since this may break
5208 some proofs, these proofs either have to be repaired, e.g. by
5209 reordering the variables a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i} in Isar 'case'
5210 statements of the form
5212 case (rule_i a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i})
5214 or the old order of quantification has to be restored by explicitly adding
5215 meta-level quantifiers in the introduction rules, i.e.
5217 | rule_i: "!!a_i_1 ... a_i_{k_i}. ... ==> p z_1 ... z_m t_i_1 ... t_i_n"
5219 - The format of the elimination rules is now
5221 p z_1 ... z_m x_1 ... x_n ==>
5222 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
5227 (x_1, ..., x_n) : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
5228 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x_1 = t_1_1 ==> ... ==> x_n = t_1_n ==> ... ==> P)
5231 for sets rather than
5233 x : s z_1 ... z_m ==>
5234 (!!a_1_1 ... a_1_{k_1}. x = (t_1_1, ..., t_1_n) ==> ... ==> P)
5237 This may require terms in goals to be expanded to n-tuples
5238 (e.g. using case_tac or simplification with the split_paired_all
5239 rule) before the above elimination rule is applicable.
5241 - The elimination or case analysis rules for (mutually) inductive
5242 sets or predicates are now called "p_1.cases" ... "p_k.cases". The
5243 list of rules "p_1_..._p_k.elims" is no longer available.
5245 * New package "function"/"fun" for general recursive functions,
5246 supporting mutual and nested recursion, definitions in local contexts,
5247 more general pattern matching and partiality. See HOL/ex/Fundefs.thy
5248 for small examples, and the separate tutorial on the function
5249 package. The old recdef "package" is still available as before, but
5250 users are encouraged to use the new package.
5252 * Method "lexicographic_order" automatically synthesizes termination
5253 relations as lexicographic combinations of size measures.
5255 * Case-expressions allow arbitrary constructor-patterns (including
5256 "_") and take their order into account, like in functional
5257 programming. Internally, this is translated into nested
5258 case-expressions; missing cases are added and mapped to the predefined
5259 constant "undefined". In complicated cases printing may no longer show
5260 the original input but the internal form. Lambda-abstractions allow
5261 the same form of pattern matching: "% pat1 => e1 | ..." is an
5262 abbreviation for "%x. case x of pat1 => e1 | ..." where x is a new
5265 * IntDef: The constant "int :: nat => int" has been removed; now "int"
5266 is an abbreviation for "of_nat :: nat => int". The simplification
5267 rules for "of_nat" have been changed to work like "int" did
5268 previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
5269 - "of_nat (Suc m)" simplifies to "1 + of_nat m" instead of "of_nat m + 1"
5270 - of_nat_diff and of_nat_mult are no longer default simp rules
5272 * Method "algebra" solves polynomial equations over (semi)rings using
5273 Groebner bases. The (semi)ring structure is defined by locales and the
5274 tool setup depends on that generic context. Installing the method for
5275 a specific type involves instantiating the locale and possibly adding
5276 declarations for computation on the coefficients. The method is
5277 already instantiated for natural numbers and for the axiomatic class
5278 of idoms with numerals. See also the paper by Chaieb and Wenzel at
5279 CALCULEMUS 2007 for the general principles underlying this
5280 architecture of context-aware proof-tools.
5282 * Method "ferrack" implements quantifier elimination over
5283 special-purpose dense linear orders using locales (analogous to
5284 "algebra"). The method is already installed for class
5285 {ordered_field,recpower,number_ring} which subsumes real, hyperreal,
5288 * Former constant "List.op @" now named "List.append". Use ML
5289 antiquotations @{const_name List.append} or @{term " ... @ ... "} to
5290 circumvent possible incompatibilities when working on ML level.
5292 * primrec: missing cases mapped to "undefined" instead of "arbitrary".
5294 * New function listsum :: 'a list => 'a for arbitrary monoids.
5295 Special syntax: "SUM x <- xs. f x" (and latex variants)
5297 * New syntax for Haskell-like list comprehension (input only), eg.
5298 [(x,y). x <- xs, y <- ys, x ~= y], see also src/HOL/List.thy.
5300 * The special syntax for function "filter" has changed from [x :
5301 xs. P] to [x <- xs. P] to avoid an ambiguity caused by list
5302 comprehension syntax, and for uniformity. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5304 * [a..b] is now defined for arbitrary linear orders. It used to be
5305 defined on nat only, as an abbreviation for [a..<Suc b]
5308 * Renamed lemma "set_take_whileD" to "set_takeWhileD".
5310 * New functions "sorted" and "sort" in src/HOL/List.thy.
5312 * New lemma collection field_simps (an extension of ring_simps) for
5313 manipulating (in)equations involving division. Multiplies with all
5314 denominators that can be proved to be non-zero (in equations) or
5315 positive/negative (in inequations).
5317 * Lemma collections ring_eq_simps, group_eq_simps and ring_distrib
5318 have been improved and renamed to ring_simps, group_simps and
5319 ring_distribs. Removed lemmas field_xyz in theory Ring_and_Field
5320 because they were subsumed by lemmas xyz. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5322 * Theory Library/Commutative_Ring: switched from recdef to function
5323 package; constants add, mul, pow now curried. Infix syntax for
5324 algebraic operations.
5326 * Dropped redundant lemma def_imp_eq in favor of meta_eq_to_obj_eq.
5329 * Dropped redundant lemma if_def2 in favor of if_bool_eq_conj.
5332 * HOL/records: generalised field-update to take a function on the
5333 field rather than the new value: r(|A := x|) is translated to A_update
5334 (K x) r The K-combinator that is internally used is called K_record.
5335 INCOMPATIBILITY: Usage of the plain update functions has to be
5338 * Class "semiring_0" now contains annihilation axioms x * 0 = 0 and 0
5339 * x = 0, which are required for a semiring. Richer structures do not
5340 inherit from semiring_0 anymore, because this property is a theorem
5341 there, not an axiom. INCOMPATIBILITY: In instances of semiring_0,
5342 there is more to prove, but this is mostly trivial.
5344 * Class "recpower" is generalized to arbitrary monoids, not just
5345 commutative semirings. INCOMPATIBILITY: may need to incorporate
5346 commutativity or semiring properties additionally.
5348 * Constant "List.list_all2" in List.thy now uses authentic syntax.
5349 INCOMPATIBILITY: translations containing list_all2 may go wrong,
5350 better use 'abbreviation'.
5352 * Renamed constant "List.op mem" to "List.member". INCOMPATIBILITY.
5354 * Numeral syntax: type 'bin' which was a mere type copy of 'int' has
5355 been abandoned in favour of plain 'int'. INCOMPATIBILITY --
5356 significant changes for setting up numeral syntax for types:
5357 - New constants Numeral.pred and Numeral.succ instead
5358 of former Numeral.bin_pred and Numeral.bin_succ.
5359 - Use integer operations instead of bin_add, bin_mult and so on.
5360 - Numeral simplification theorems named Numeral.numeral_simps instead of Bin_simps.
5361 - ML structure Bin_Simprocs now named Int_Numeral_Base_Simprocs.
5363 See src/HOL/Integ/IntArith.thy for an example setup.
5365 * Command 'normal_form' computes the normal form of a term that may
5366 contain free variables. For example ``normal_form "rev [a, b, c]"''
5367 produces ``[b, c, a]'' (without proof). This command is suitable for
5368 heavy-duty computations because the functions are compiled to ML
5369 first. Correspondingly, a method "normalization" is provided. See
5370 further src/HOL/ex/NormalForm.thy and src/Tools/nbe.ML.
5372 * Alternative iff syntax "A <-> B" for equality on bool (with priority
5373 25 like -->); output depends on the "iff" print_mode, the default is
5374 "A = B" (with priority 50).
5376 * Relations less (<) and less_eq (<=) are also available on type bool.
5377 Modified syntax to disallow nesting without explicit parentheses,
5378 e.g. "(x < y) < z" or "x < (y < z)", but NOT "x < y < z". Potential
5381 * "LEAST x:A. P" expands to "LEAST x. x:A & P" (input only).
5383 * Relation composition operator "op O" now has precedence 75 and binds
5384 stronger than union and intersection. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5386 * The old set interval syntax "{m..n(}" (and relatives) has been
5387 removed. Use "{m..<n}" (and relatives) instead.
5389 * In the context of the assumption "~(s = t)" the Simplifier rewrites
5390 "t = s" to False (by simproc "neq"). INCOMPATIBILITY, consider using
5391 ``declare [[simproc del: neq]]''.
5393 * Simplifier: "m dvd n" where m and n are numbers is evaluated to
5396 * Theorem Cons_eq_map_conv no longer declared as "simp".
5398 * Theorem setsum_mult renamed to setsum_right_distrib.
5400 * Prefer ex1I over ex_ex1I in single-step reasoning, e.g. by the
5403 * Reimplemented methods "sat" and "satx", with several improvements:
5404 goals no longer need to be stated as "<prems> ==> False", equivalences
5405 (i.e. "=" on type bool) are handled, variable names of the form
5406 "lit_<n>" are no longer reserved, significant speedup.
5408 * Methods "sat" and "satx" can now replay MiniSat proof traces.
5409 zChaff is still supported as well.
5411 * 'inductive' and 'datatype': provide projections of mutual rules,
5412 bundled as foo_bar.inducts;
5414 * Library: moved theories Parity, GCD, Binomial, Infinite_Set to
5417 * Library: moved theory Accessible_Part to main HOL.
5419 * Library: added theory Coinductive_List of potentially infinite lists
5420 as greatest fixed-point.
5422 * Library: added theory AssocList which implements (finite) maps as
5425 * Method "evaluation" solves goals (i.e. a boolean expression)
5426 efficiently by compiling it to ML. The goal is "proved" (via an
5427 oracle) if it evaluates to True.
5429 * Linear arithmetic now splits certain operators (e.g. min, max, abs)
5430 also when invoked by the simplifier. This results in the Simplifier
5431 being more powerful on arithmetic goals. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5432 Configuration option fast_arith_split_limit=0 recovers the old
5435 * Support for hex (0x20) and binary (0b1001) numerals.
5437 * New method: reify eqs (t), where eqs are equations for an
5438 interpretation I :: 'a list => 'b => 'c and t::'c is an optional
5439 parameter, computes a term s::'b and a list xs::'a list and proves the
5440 theorem I xs s = t. This is also known as reification or quoting. The
5441 resulting theorem is applied to the subgoal to substitute t with I xs
5442 s. If t is omitted, the subgoal itself is reified.
5444 * New method: reflection corr_thm eqs (t). The parameters eqs and (t)
5445 are as explained above. corr_thm is a theorem for I vs (f t) = I vs t,
5446 where f is supposed to be a computable function (in the sense of code
5447 generattion). The method uses reify to compute s and xs as above then
5448 applies corr_thm and uses normalization by evaluation to "prove" f s =
5449 r and finally gets the theorem t = r, which is again applied to the
5450 subgoal. An Example is available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy.
5452 * Reflection: Automatic reification now handels binding, an example is
5453 available in src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy
5455 * HOL-Statespace: ``State Spaces: The Locale Way'' introduces a
5456 command 'statespace' that is similar to 'record', but introduces an
5457 abstract specification based on the locale infrastructure instead of
5458 HOL types. This leads to extra flexibility in composing state spaces,
5459 in particular multiple inheritance and renaming of components.
5464 * Hyperreal: Functions root and sqrt are now defined on negative real
5465 inputs so that root n (- x) = - root n x and sqrt (- x) = - sqrt x.
5466 Nonnegativity side conditions have been removed from many lemmas, so
5467 that more subgoals may now be solved by simplification; potential
5470 * Real: new type classes formalize real normed vector spaces and
5471 algebras, using new overloaded constants scaleR :: real => 'a => 'a
5472 and norm :: 'a => real.
5474 * Real: constant of_real :: real => 'a::real_algebra_1 injects from
5475 reals into other types. The overloaded constant Reals :: 'a set is now
5476 defined as range of_real; potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
5478 * Real: proper support for ML code generation, including 'quickcheck'.
5479 Reals are implemented as arbitrary precision rationals.
5481 * Hyperreal: Several constants that previously worked only for the
5482 reals have been generalized, so they now work over arbitrary vector
5483 spaces. Type annotations may need to be added in some cases; potential
5486 Infinitesimal :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
5487 HFinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
5488 HInfinite :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star set
5489 approx :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star => bool
5490 monad :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
5491 galaxy :: ('a::real_normed_vector) star => 'a star set
5492 (NS)LIMSEQ :: [nat => 'a::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
5493 (NS)convergent :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
5494 (NS)Bseq :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
5495 (NS)Cauchy :: (nat => 'a::real_normed_vector) => bool
5496 (NS)LIM :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a, 'b] => bool
5497 is(NS)Cont :: ['a::real_normed_vector => 'b::real_normed_vector, 'a] => bool
5498 deriv :: ['a::real_normed_field => 'a, 'a, 'a] => bool
5499 sgn :: 'a::real_normed_vector => 'a
5500 exp :: 'a::{recpower,real_normed_field,banach} => 'a
5502 * Complex: Some complex-specific constants are now abbreviations for
5503 overloaded ones: complex_of_real = of_real, cmod = norm, hcmod =
5504 hnorm. Other constants have been entirely removed in favor of the
5505 polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
5509 HInfinite <-- CInfinite
5510 Infinitesimal <-- CInfinitesimal
5513 (NS)LIM <-- (NS)CLIM, (NS)CRLIM
5514 is(NS)Cont <-- is(NS)Contc, is(NS)contCR
5515 (ns)deriv <-- (ns)cderiv
5520 * Formalisation of ideals and the quotient construction over rings.
5522 * Order and lattice theory no longer based on records.
5525 * Renamed lemmas least_carrier -> least_closed and greatest_carrier ->
5526 greatest_closed. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5528 * Method algebra is now set up via an attribute. For examples see
5529 Ring.thy. INCOMPATIBILITY: the method is now weaker on combinations
5530 of algebraic structures.
5532 * Renamed theory CRing to Ring.
5537 * Substantial, yet incomplete support for nominal datatypes (binding
5538 structures) based on HOL-Nominal logic. See src/HOL/Nominal and
5539 src/HOL/Nominal/Examples. Prospective users should consult
5540 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/nominal/
5545 * ML basics: just one true type int, which coincides with IntInf.int
5548 * ML within Isar: antiquotations allow to embed statically-checked
5549 formal entities in the source, referring to the context available at
5550 compile-time. For example:
5552 ML {* @{sort "{zero,one}"} *}
5553 ML {* @{typ "'a => 'b"} *}
5554 ML {* @{term "%x. x"} *}
5555 ML {* @{prop "x == y"} *}
5556 ML {* @{ctyp "'a => 'b"} *}
5557 ML {* @{cterm "%x. x"} *}
5558 ML {* @{cprop "x == y"} *}
5559 ML {* @{thm asm_rl} *}
5560 ML {* @{thms asm_rl} *}
5561 ML {* @{type_name c} *}
5562 ML {* @{type_syntax c} *}
5563 ML {* @{const_name c} *}
5564 ML {* @{const_syntax c} *}
5567 ML {* @{theory Pure} *}
5568 ML {* @{theory_ref} *}
5569 ML {* @{theory_ref Pure} *}
5572 ML {* @{clasimpset} *}
5574 The same works for sources being ``used'' within an Isar context.
5576 * ML in Isar: improved error reporting; extra verbosity with
5577 ML_Context.trace enabled.
5579 * Pure/General/table.ML: the join operations now works via exceptions
5580 DUP/SAME instead of type option. This is simpler in simple cases, and
5581 admits slightly more efficient complex applications.
5583 * Pure: 'advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) now
5584 use Context.generic instead of just theory.
5586 * Pure: datatype Context.generic joins theory/Proof.context and
5587 provides some facilities for code that works in either kind of
5588 context, notably GenericDataFun for uniform theory and proof data.
5590 * Pure: simplified internal attribute type, which is now always
5591 Context.generic * thm -> Context.generic * thm. Global (theory) vs.
5592 local (Proof.context) attributes have been discontinued, while
5593 minimizing code duplication. Thm.rule_attribute and
5594 Thm.declaration_attribute build canonical attributes; see also structure
5595 Context for further operations on Context.generic, notably
5596 GenericDataFun. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt attribute type
5597 declarations and definitions.
5599 * Context data interfaces (Theory/Proof/GenericDataFun): removed
5600 name/print, uninitialized data defaults to ad-hoc copy of empty value,
5601 init only required for impure data. INCOMPATIBILITY: empty really need
5602 to be empty (no dependencies on theory content!)
5604 * Pure/kernel: consts certification ignores sort constraints given in
5605 signature declarations. (This information is not relevant to the
5606 logic, but only for type inference.) SIGNIFICANT INTERNAL CHANGE,
5607 potential INCOMPATIBILITY.
5609 * Pure: axiomatic type classes are now purely definitional, with
5610 explicit proofs of class axioms and super class relations performed
5611 internally. See Pure/axclass.ML for the main internal interfaces --
5612 notably AxClass.define_class supercedes AxClass.add_axclass, and
5613 AxClass.axiomatize_class/classrel/arity supersede
5614 Sign.add_classes/classrel/arities.
5616 * Pure/Isar: Args/Attrib parsers operate on Context.generic --
5617 global/local versions on theory vs. Proof.context have been
5618 discontinued; Attrib.syntax and Method.syntax have been adapted
5619 accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt parser expressions for
5620 attributes, methods, etc.
5622 * Pure: several functions of signature "... -> theory -> theory * ..."
5623 have been reoriented to "... -> theory -> ... * theory" in order to
5624 allow natural usage in combination with the ||>, ||>>, |-> and
5625 fold_map combinators.
5627 * Pure: official theorem names (closed derivations) and additional
5628 comments (tags) are now strictly separate. Name hints -- which are
5629 maintained as tags -- may be attached any time without affecting the
5632 * Pure: primitive rule lift_rule now takes goal cterm instead of an
5633 actual goal state (thm). Use Thm.lift_rule (Thm.cprem_of st i) to
5634 achieve the old behaviour.
5636 * Pure: the "Goal" constant is now called "prop", supporting a
5637 slightly more general idea of ``protecting'' meta-level rule
5640 * Pure: Logic.(un)varify only works in a global context, which is now
5641 enforced instead of silently assumed. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use
5642 Logic.legacy_(un)varify as temporary workaround.
5644 * Pure: structure Name provides scalable operations for generating
5645 internal variable names, notably Name.variants etc. This replaces
5646 some popular functions from term.ML:
5648 Term.variant -> Name.variant
5649 Term.variantlist -> Name.variant_list
5650 Term.invent_names -> Name.invent_list
5652 Note that low-level renaming rarely occurs in new code -- operations
5653 from structure Variable are used instead (see below).
5655 * Pure: structure Variable provides fundamental operations for proper
5656 treatment of fixed/schematic variables in a context. For example,
5657 Variable.import introduces fixes for schematics of given facts and
5658 Variable.export reverses the effect (up to renaming) -- this replaces
5659 various freeze_thaw operations.
5661 * Pure: structure Goal provides simple interfaces for
5662 init/conclude/finish and tactical prove operations (replacing former
5663 Tactic.prove). Goal.prove is the canonical way to prove results
5664 within a given context; Goal.prove_global is a degraded version for
5665 theory level goals, including a global Drule.standard. Note that
5666 OldGoals.prove_goalw_cterm has long been obsolete, since it is
5667 ill-behaved in a local proof context (e.g. with local fixes/assumes or
5668 in a locale context).
5670 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for parsing (Syntax.parse_term etc.)
5671 and type checking (Syntax.check_term etc.), with common combinations
5672 (Syntax.read_term etc.). These supersede former Sign.read_term etc.
5673 which are considered legacy and await removal.
5675 * Pure/Syntax: generic interfaces for type unchecking
5676 (Syntax.uncheck_terms etc.) and unparsing (Syntax.unparse_term etc.),
5677 with common combinations (Syntax.pretty_term, Syntax.string_of_term
5678 etc.). Former Sign.pretty_term, Sign.string_of_term etc. are still
5679 available for convenience, but refer to the very same operations using
5680 a mere theory instead of a full context.
5682 * Isar: simplified treatment of user-level errors, using exception
5683 ERROR of string uniformly. Function error now merely raises ERROR,
5684 without any side effect on output channels. The Isar toplevel takes
5685 care of proper display of ERROR exceptions. ML code may use plain
5686 handle/can/try; cat_error may be used to concatenate errors like this:
5688 ... handle ERROR msg => cat_error msg "..."
5690 Toplevel ML code (run directly or through the Isar toplevel) may be
5691 embedded into the Isar toplevel with exception display/debug like
5694 Isar.toplevel (fn () => ...)
5696 INCOMPATIBILITY, removed special transform_error facilities, removed
5697 obsolete variants of user-level exceptions (ERROR_MESSAGE,
5698 Context.PROOF, ProofContext.CONTEXT, Proof.STATE, ProofHistory.FAIL)
5699 -- use plain ERROR instead.
5701 * Isar: theory setup now has type (theory -> theory), instead of a
5702 list. INCOMPATIBILITY, may use #> to compose setup functions.
5704 * Isar: ML toplevel pretty printer for type Proof.context, subject to
5705 ProofContext.debug/verbose flags.
5707 * Isar: Toplevel.theory_to_proof admits transactions that modify the
5708 theory before entering a proof state. Transactions now always see a
5709 quasi-functional intermediate checkpoint, both in interactive and
5712 * Isar: simplified interfaces for outer syntax. Renamed
5713 OuterSyntax.add_keywords to OuterSyntax.keywords. Removed
5714 OuterSyntax.add_parsers -- this functionality is now included in
5715 OuterSyntax.command etc. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5717 * Simplifier: the simpset of a running simplification process now
5718 contains a proof context (cf. Simplifier.the_context), which is the
5719 very context that the initial simpset has been retrieved from (by
5720 simpset_of/local_simpset_of). Consequently, all plug-in components
5721 (solver, looper etc.) may depend on arbitrary proof data.
5723 * Simplifier.inherit_context inherits the proof context (plus the
5724 local bounds) of the current simplification process; any simproc
5725 etc. that calls the Simplifier recursively should do this! Removed
5726 former Simplifier.inherit_bounds, which is already included here --
5727 INCOMPATIBILITY. Tools based on low-level rewriting may even have to
5728 specify an explicit context using Simplifier.context/theory_context.
5730 * Simplifier/Classical Reasoner: more abstract interfaces
5731 change_simpset/claset for modifying the simpset/claset reference of a
5732 theory; raw versions simpset/claset_ref etc. have been discontinued --
5735 * Provers: more generic wrt. syntax of object-logics, avoid hardwired
5741 * settings: the default heap location within ISABELLE_HOME_USER now
5742 includes ISABELLE_IDENTIFIER. This simplifies use of multiple
5743 Isabelle installations.
5745 * isabelle-process: option -S (secure mode) disables some critical
5746 operations, notably runtime compilation and evaluation of ML source
5749 * Basic Isabelle mode for jEdit, see Isabelle/lib/jedit/.
5751 * Support for parallel execution, using native multicore support of
5752 Poly/ML 5.1. The theory loader exploits parallelism when processing
5753 independent theories, according to the given theory header
5754 specifications. The maximum number of worker threads is specified via
5755 usedir option -M or the "max-threads" setting in Proof General. A
5756 speedup factor of 1.5--3.5 can be expected on a 4-core machine, and up
5757 to 6 on a 8-core machine. User-code needs to observe certain
5758 guidelines for thread-safe programming, see appendix A in the Isar
5759 Implementation manual.
5763 New in Isabelle2005 (October 2005)
5764 ----------------------------------
5768 * Theory headers: the new header syntax for Isar theories is
5771 imports <theory1> ... <theoryN>
5772 uses <file1> ... <fileM>
5775 where the 'uses' part is optional. The previous syntax
5777 theory <name> = <theory1> + ... + <theoryN>:
5779 will disappear in the next release. Use isatool fixheaders to convert
5780 existing theory files. Note that there is no change in ancient
5781 non-Isar theories now, but these will disappear soon.
5783 * Theory loader: parent theories can now also be referred to via
5784 relative and absolute paths.
5786 * Command 'find_theorems' searches for a list of criteria instead of a
5787 list of constants. Known criteria are: intro, elim, dest, name:string,
5788 simp:term, and any term. Criteria can be preceded by '-' to select
5789 theorems that do not match. Intro, elim, dest select theorems that
5790 match the current goal, name:s selects theorems whose fully qualified
5791 name contain s, and simp:term selects all simplification rules whose
5792 lhs match term. Any other term is interpreted as pattern and selects
5793 all theorems matching the pattern. Available in ProofGeneral under
5794 'ProofGeneral -> Find Theorems' or C-c C-f. Example:
5796 C-c C-f (100) "(_::nat) + _ + _" intro -name: "HOL."
5798 prints the last 100 theorems matching the pattern "(_::nat) + _ + _",
5799 matching the current goal as introduction rule and not having "HOL."
5800 in their name (i.e. not being defined in theory HOL).
5802 * Command 'thms_containing' has been discontinued in favour of
5803 'find_theorems'; INCOMPATIBILITY.
5805 * Communication with Proof General is now 8bit clean, which means that
5806 Unicode text in UTF-8 encoding may be used within theory texts (both
5807 formal and informal parts). Cf. option -U of the Isabelle Proof
5808 General interface. Here are some simple examples (cf. src/HOL/ex):
5810 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Hebrew.html
5811 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/library/HOL/ex/Chinese.html
5813 * Improved efficiency of the Simplifier and, to a lesser degree, the
5814 Classical Reasoner. Typical big applications run around 2 times
5818 *** Document preparation ***
5820 * Commands 'display_drafts' and 'print_drafts' perform simple output
5821 of raw sources. Only those symbols that do not require additional
5822 LaTeX packages (depending on comments in isabellesym.sty) are
5823 displayed properly, everything else is left verbatim. isatool display
5824 and isatool print are used as front ends (these are subject to the
5825 DVI/PDF_VIEWER and PRINT_COMMAND settings, respectively).
5827 * Command tags control specific markup of certain regions of text,
5828 notably folding and hiding. Predefined tags include "theory" (for
5829 theory begin and end), "proof" for proof commands, and "ML" for
5830 commands involving ML code; the additional tags "visible" and
5831 "invisible" are unused by default. Users may give explicit tag
5832 specifications in the text, e.g. ''by %invisible (auto)''. The
5833 interpretation of tags is determined by the LaTeX job during document
5834 preparation: see option -V of isatool usedir, or options -n and -t of
5835 isatool document, or even the LaTeX macros \isakeeptag, \isafoldtag,
5838 Several document versions may be produced at the same time via isatool
5839 usedir (the generated index.html will link all of them). Typical
5840 specifications include ''-V document=theory,proof,ML'' to present
5841 theory/proof/ML parts faithfully, ''-V outline=/proof,/ML'' to fold
5842 proof and ML commands, and ''-V mutilated=-theory,-proof,-ML'' to omit
5843 these parts without any formal replacement text. The Isabelle site
5844 default settings produce ''document'' and ''outline'' versions as
5847 * Several new antiquotations:
5849 @{term_type term} prints a term with its type annotated;
5851 @{typeof term} prints the type of a term;
5853 @{const const} is the same as @{term const}, but checks that the
5854 argument is a known logical constant;
5856 @{term_style style term} and @{thm_style style thm} print a term or
5857 theorem applying a "style" to it
5861 Predefined styles are 'lhs' and 'rhs' printing the lhs/rhs of
5862 definitions, equations, inequations etc., 'concl' printing only the
5863 conclusion of a meta-logical statement theorem, and 'prem1' .. 'prem19'
5864 to print the specified premise. TermStyle.add_style provides an ML
5865 interface for introducing further styles. See also the "LaTeX Sugar"
5866 document practical applications. The ML antiquotation prints
5867 type-checked ML expressions verbatim.
5869 * Markup commands 'chapter', 'section', 'subsection', 'subsubsection',
5870 and 'text' support optional locale specification '(in loc)', which
5871 specifies the default context for interpreting antiquotations. For
5872 example: 'text (in lattice) {* @{thm inf_assoc}*}'.
5874 * Option 'locale=NAME' of antiquotations specifies an alternative
5875 context interpreting the subsequent argument. For example: @{thm
5876 [locale=lattice] inf_assoc}.
5878 * Proper output of proof terms (@{prf ...} and @{full_prf ...}) within
5881 * Proper output of antiquotations for theory commands involving a
5882 proof context (such as 'locale' or 'theorem (in loc) ...').
5884 * Delimiters of outer tokens (string etc.) now produce separate LaTeX
5885 macros (\isachardoublequoteopen, isachardoublequoteclose etc.).
5887 * isatool usedir: new option -C (default true) controls whether option
5888 -D should include a copy of the original document directory; -C false
5889 prevents unwanted effects such as copying of administrative CVS data.
5894 * Considerably improved version of 'constdefs' command. Now performs
5895 automatic type-inference of declared constants; additional support for
5896 local structure declarations (cf. locales and HOL records), see also
5897 isar-ref manual. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to observe strictly
5898 sequential dependencies of definitions within a single 'constdefs'
5899 section; moreover, the declared name needs to be an identifier. If
5900 all fails, consider to fall back on 'consts' and 'defs' separately.
5902 * Improved indexed syntax and implicit structures. First of all,
5903 indexed syntax provides a notational device for subscripted
5904 application, using the new syntax \<^bsub>term\<^esub> for arbitrary
5905 expressions. Secondly, in a local context with structure
5906 declarations, number indexes \<^sub>n or the empty index (default
5907 number 1) refer to a certain fixed variable implicitly; option
5908 show_structs controls printing of implicit structures. Typical
5909 applications of these concepts involve record types and locales.
5911 * New command 'no_syntax' removes grammar declarations (and
5912 translations) resulting from the given syntax specification, which is
5913 interpreted in the same manner as for the 'syntax' command.
5915 * 'Advanced' translation functions (parse_translation etc.) may depend
5916 on the signature of the theory context being presently used for
5917 parsing/printing, see also isar-ref manual.
5919 * Improved 'oracle' command provides a type-safe interface to turn an
5920 ML expression of type theory -> T -> term into a primitive rule of
5921 type theory -> T -> thm (i.e. the functionality of Thm.invoke_oracle
5922 is already included here); see also FOL/ex/IffExample.thy;
5925 * axclass: name space prefix for class "c" is now "c_class" (was "c"
5926 before); "cI" is no longer bound, use "c.intro" instead.
5927 INCOMPATIBILITY. This change avoids clashes of fact bindings for
5928 axclasses vs. locales.
5930 * Improved internal renaming of symbolic identifiers -- attach primes
5931 instead of base 26 numbers.
5933 * New flag show_question_marks controls printing of leading question
5934 marks in schematic variable names.
5936 * In schematic variable names, *any* symbol following \<^isub> or
5937 \<^isup> is now treated as part of the base name. For example, the
5938 following works without printing of awkward ".0" indexes:
5940 lemma "x\<^isub>1 = x\<^isub>2 ==> x\<^isub>2 = x\<^isub>1"
5943 * Inner syntax includes (*(*nested*) comments*).
5945 * Pretty printer now supports unbreakable blocks, specified in mixfix
5946 annotations as "(00...)".
5948 * Clear separation of logical types and nonterminals, where the latter
5949 may only occur in 'syntax' specifications or type abbreviations.
5950 Before that distinction was only partially implemented via type class
5951 "logic" vs. "{}". Potential INCOMPATIBILITY in rare cases of improper
5952 use of 'types'/'consts' instead of 'nonterminals'/'syntax'. Some very
5953 exotic syntax specifications may require further adaption
5954 (e.g. Cube/Cube.thy).
5956 * Removed obsolete type class "logic", use the top sort {} instead.
5957 Note that non-logical types should be declared as 'nonterminals'
5958 rather than 'types'. INCOMPATIBILITY for new object-logic
5961 * Attributes 'induct' and 'cases': type or set names may now be
5962 locally fixed variables as well.
5964 * Simplifier: can now control the depth to which conditional rewriting
5965 is traced via the PG menu Isabelle -> Settings -> Trace Simp Depth
5968 * Simplifier: simplification procedures may now take the current
5969 simpset into account (cf. Simplifier.simproc(_i) / mk_simproc
5970 interface), which is very useful for calling the Simplifier
5971 recursively. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY: the 'prems' argument of simprocs
5972 is gone -- use prems_of_ss on the simpset instead. Moreover, the
5973 low-level mk_simproc no longer applies Logic.varify internally, to
5974 allow for use in a context of fixed variables.
5976 * thin_tac now works even if the assumption being deleted contains !!
5977 or ==>. More generally, erule now works even if the major premise of
5978 the elimination rule contains !! or ==>.
5980 * Method 'rules' has been renamed to 'iprover'. INCOMPATIBILITY.
5982 * Reorganized bootstrapping of the Pure theories; CPure is now derived
5983 from Pure, which contains all common declarations already. Both
5984 theories are defined via plain Isabelle/Isar .thy files.
5985 INCOMPATIBILITY: elements of CPure (such as the CPure.intro /
5986 CPure.elim / CPure.dest attributes) now appear in the Pure name space;
5987 use isatool fixcpure to adapt your theory and ML sources.
5989 * New syntax 'name(i-j, i-, i, ...)' for referring to specific
5990 selections of theorems in named facts via index ranges.
5992 * 'print_theorems': in theory mode, really print the difference
5993 wrt. the last state (works for interactive theory development only),
5994 in proof mode print all local facts (cf. 'print_facts');
5996 * 'hide': option '(open)' hides only base names.
5998 * More efficient treatment of intermediate checkpoints in interactive
6001 * Code generator is now invoked via code_module (incremental code
6002 generation) and code_library (modular code generation, ML structures
6003 for each theory). INCOMPATIBILITY: new keywords 'file' and 'contains'
6004 must be quoted when used as identifiers.
6006 * New 'value' command for reading, evaluating and printing terms using
6007 the code generator. INCOMPATIBILITY: command keyword 'value' must be
6008 quoted when used as identifier.
6013 * New commands for the interpretation of locale expressions in
6014 theories (1), locales (2) and proof contexts (3). These generate
6015 proof obligations from the expression specification. After the
6016 obligations have been discharged, theorems of the expression are added
6017 to the theory, target locale or proof context. The synopsis of the
6018 commands is a follows:
6020 (1) interpretation expr inst
6021 (2) interpretation target < expr
6022 (3) interpret expr inst
6024 Interpretation in theories and proof contexts require a parameter
6025 instantiation of terms from the current context. This is applied to
6026 specifications and theorems of the interpreted expression.
6027 Interpretation in locales only permits parameter renaming through the
6028 locale expression. Interpretation is smart in that interpretations
6029 that are active already do not occur in proof obligations, neither are
6030 instantiated theorems stored in duplicate. Use 'print_interps' to
6031 inspect active interpretations of a particular locale. For details,
6032 see the Isar Reference manual. Examples can be found in
6033 HOL/Finite_Set.thy and HOL/Algebra/UnivPoly.thy.
6035 INCOMPATIBILITY: former 'instantiate' has been withdrawn, use
6036 'interpret' instead.
6038 * New context element 'constrains' for adding type constraints to
6041 * Context expressions: renaming of parameters with syntax
6044 * Locale declaration: 'includes' disallowed.
6046 * Proper static binding of attribute syntax -- i.e. types / terms /
6047 facts mentioned as arguments are always those of the locale definition
6048 context, independently of the context of later invocations. Moreover,
6049 locale operations (renaming and type / term instantiation) are applied
6050 to attribute arguments as expected.
6052 INCOMPATIBILITY of the ML interface: always pass Attrib.src instead of
6053 actual attributes; rare situations may require Attrib.attribute to
6054 embed those attributes into Attrib.src that lack concrete syntax.
6055 Attribute implementations need to cooperate properly with the static
6056 binding mechanism. Basic parsers Args.XXX_typ/term/prop and
6057 Attrib.XXX_thm etc. already do the right thing without further
6058 intervention. Only unusual applications -- such as "where" or "of"
6059 (cf. src/Pure/Isar/attrib.ML), which process arguments depending both
6060 on the context and the facts involved -- may have to assign parsed
6061 values to argument tokens explicitly.
6063 * Changed parameter management in theorem generation for long goal
6064 statements with 'includes'. INCOMPATIBILITY: produces a different
6065 theorem statement in rare situations.
6067 * Locale inspection command 'print_locale' omits notes elements. Use
6068 'print_locale!' to have them included in the output.
6073 * Provers/hypsubst.ML: improved version of the subst method, for
6074 single-step rewriting: it now works in bound variable contexts. New is
6075 'subst (asm)', for rewriting an assumption. INCOMPATIBILITY: may
6076 rewrite a different subterm than the original subst method, which is
6077 still available as 'simplesubst'.
6079 * Provers/quasi.ML: new transitivity reasoners for transitivity only
6082 * Provers/trancl.ML: new transitivity reasoner for transitive and
6083 reflexive-transitive closure of relations.
6085 * Provers/blast.ML: new reference depth_limit to make blast's depth
6086 limit (previously hard-coded with a value of 20) user-definable.
6088 * Provers/simplifier.ML has been moved to Pure, where Simplifier.setup
6089 is peformed already. Object-logics merely need to finish their
6090 initial simpset configuration as before. INCOMPATIBILITY.
6095 * Symbolic syntax of Hilbert Choice Operator is now as follows:
6098 "_Eps" :: "[pttrn, bool] => 'a" ("(3\<some>_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)
6100 The symbol \<some> is displayed as the alternative epsilon of LaTeX
6101 and x-symbol; use option '-m epsilon' to get it actually printed.
6102 Moreover, the mathematically important symbolic identifier \<epsilon>
6103 becomes available as variable, constant etc. INCOMPATIBILITY,
6105 * "x > y" abbreviates "y < x" and "x >= y" abbreviates "y <= x".
6106 Similarly for all quantifiers: "ALL x > y" etc. The x-symbol for >=
6107 is \<ge>. New transitivity rules have been added to HOL/Orderings.thy to
6108 support corresponding Isar calculations.
6110 * "{x:A. P}" abbreviates "{x. x:A & P}", and similarly for "\<in>"
6113 * theory SetInterval: changed the syntax for open intervals:
6122 The old syntax is still supported but will disappear in the next
6123 release. For conversion use the following Emacs search and replace
6124 patterns (these are not perfect but work quite well):
6126 {)\([^\.]*\)\.\. -> {\1<\.\.}
6127 \.\.\([^(}]*\)(} -> \.\.<\1}
6129 * Theory Commutative_Ring (in Library): method comm_ring for proving
6130 equalities in commutative rings; method 'algebra' provides a generic
6133 * Theory Finite_Set: changed the syntax for 'setsum', summation over
6134 finite sets: "setsum (%x. e) A", which used to be "\<Sum>x:A. e", is
6135 now either "SUM x:A. e" or "\<Sum>x \<in> A. e". The bound variable can
6138 Some new syntax forms are available:
6140 "\<Sum>x | P. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {x. P}"
6141 "\<Sum>x = a..b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..b}"
6142 "\<Sum>x = a..<b. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {a..<b}"
6143 "\<Sum>x < k. e" for "setsum (%x. e) {..<k}"
6145 The latter form "\<Sum>x < k. e" used to be based on a separate
6146 function "Summation", which has been discontinued.
6148 * theory Finite_Set: in structured induction proofs, the insert case
6149 is now 'case (insert x F)' instead of the old counterintuitive 'case
6152 * The 'refute' command has been extended to support a much larger
6153 fragment of HOL, including axiomatic type classes, constdefs and
6154 typedefs, inductive datatypes and recursion.
6156 * New tactics 'sat' and 'satx' to prove propositional tautologies.
6157 Requires zChaff with proof generation to be installed. See
6158 HOL/ex/SAT_Examples.thy for examples.
6160 * Datatype induction via method 'induct' now preserves the name of the
6161 induction variable. For example, when proving P(xs::'a list) by
6162 induction on xs, the induction step is now P(xs) ==> P(a#xs) rather
6163 than P(list) ==> P(a#list) as previously. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY
6164 in unstructured proof scripts.
6166 * Reworked implementation of records. Improved scalability for
6167 records with many fields, avoiding performance problems for type
6168 inference. Records are no longer composed of nested field types, but
6169 of nested extension types. Therefore the record type only grows linear
6170 in the number of extensions and not in the number of fields. The
6171 top-level (users) view on records is preserved. Potential
6172 INCOMPATIBILITY only in strange cases, where the theory depends on the
6173 old record representation. The type generated for a record is called
6174 <record_name>_ext_type.
6176 Flag record_quick_and_dirty_sensitive can be enabled to skip the
6177 proofs triggered by a record definition or a simproc (if
6178 quick_and_dirty is enabled). Definitions of large records can take
6181 New simproc record_upd_simproc for simplification of multiple record
6182 updates enabled by default. Moreover, trivial updates are also
6183 removed: r(|x := x r|) = r. INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break
6184 occasionally, since simplification is more powerful by default.
6186 * typedef: proper support for polymorphic sets, which contain extra
6187 type-variables in the term.
6189 * Simplifier: automatically reasons about transitivity chains
6190 involving "trancl" (r^+) and "rtrancl" (r^*) by setting up tactics
6191 provided by Provers/trancl.ML as additional solvers. INCOMPATIBILITY:
6192 old proofs break occasionally as simplification may now solve more
6193 goals than previously.
6195 * Simplifier: converts x <= y into x = y if assumption y <= x is
6196 present. Works for all partial orders (class "order"), in particular
6197 numbers and sets. For linear orders (e.g. numbers) it treats ~ x < y
6200 * Simplifier: new simproc for "let x = a in f x". If a is a free or
6201 bound variable or a constant then the let is unfolded. Otherwise
6202 first a is simplified to b, and then f b is simplified to g. If
6203 possible we abstract b from g arriving at "let x = b in h x",
6204 otherwise we unfold the let and arrive at g. The simproc can be
6205 enabled/disabled by the reference use_let_simproc. Potential
6206 INCOMPATIBILITY since simplification is more powerful by default.
6208 * Classical reasoning: the meson method now accepts theorems as arguments.
6210 * Prover support: pre-release of the Isabelle-ATP linkup, which runs background
6211 jobs to provide advice on the provability of subgoals.
6213 * Theory OrderedGroup and Ring_and_Field: various additions and
6214 improvements to faciliate calculations involving equalities and
6217 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
6220 abs_eq now named abs_of_nonneg
6221 abs_of_ge_0 now named abs_of_nonneg
6222 abs_minus_eq now named abs_of_nonpos
6223 imp_abs_id now named abs_of_nonneg
6224 imp_abs_neg_id now named abs_of_nonpos
6225 mult_pos now named mult_pos_pos
6226 mult_pos_le now named mult_nonneg_nonneg
6227 mult_pos_neg_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos
6228 mult_pos_neg2_le now named mult_nonneg_nonpos2
6229 mult_neg now named mult_neg_neg
6230 mult_neg_le now named mult_nonpos_nonpos
6232 * The following lemmas in Ring_and_Field have been added to the simplifier:
6235 not_square_less_zero
6237 The following lemmas have been deleted from Real/RealPow:
6247 * Theory Parity: added rules for simplifying exponents.
6251 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
6254 list_all_Nil now named list_all.simps(1)
6255 list_all_Cons now named list_all.simps(2)
6256 list_all_conv now named list_all_iff
6257 set_mem_eq now named mem_iff
6259 * Theories SetsAndFunctions and BigO (see HOL/Library) support
6260 asymptotic "big O" calculations. See the notes in BigO.thy.
6265 * Theory RealDef: better support for embedding natural numbers and
6266 integers in the reals.
6268 The following theorems have been eliminated or modified
6271 exp_ge_add_one_self now requires no hypotheses
6272 real_of_int_add reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6273 real_of_int_minus reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6274 real_of_int_diff reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6275 real_of_int_mult reversed direction of equality (use [symmetric])
6277 * Theory RComplete: expanded support for floor and ceiling functions.
6279 * Theory Ln is new, with properties of the natural logarithm
6281 * Hyperreal: There is a new type constructor "star" for making
6282 nonstandard types. The old type names are now type synonyms:
6286 hcomplex = complex star
6288 * Hyperreal: Many groups of similarly-defined constants have been
6289 replaced by polymorphic versions (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6291 star_of <-- hypreal_of_real, hypnat_of_nat, hcomplex_of_complex
6293 starset <-- starsetNat, starsetC
6294 *s* <-- *sNat*, *sc*
6295 starset_n <-- starsetNat_n, starsetC_n
6296 *sn* <-- *sNatn*, *scn*
6297 InternalSets <-- InternalNatSets, InternalCSets
6299 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
6300 *f* <-- *fNat*, *fNat2*, *fc*, *fRc*, *fcR*
6301 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n
6302 *fn* <-- *fNatn*, *fNat2n*, *fcn*, *fRcn*, *fcRn*
6303 InternalFuns <-- InternalNatFuns, InternalNatFuns2, Internal{C,RC,CR}Funs
6305 * Hyperreal: Many type-specific theorems have been removed in favor of
6306 theorems specific to various axiomatic type classes (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6308 add_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_commute
6309 add_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_assocs
6310 OrderedGroup.add_0 <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_zero_left
6311 OrderedGroup.add_0_right <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_zero_right
6312 right_minus <-- hypreal_add_minus
6313 left_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_add_minus_left
6314 mult_commute <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_commute
6315 mult_assoc <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_mult_assoc
6316 mult_1_left <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_1, hcomplex_mult_one_left
6317 mult_1_right <-- hcomplex_mult_one_right
6318 mult_zero_left <-- hcomplex_mult_zero_left
6319 left_distrib <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add_mult_distrib
6320 right_distrib <-- hypnat_add_mult_distrib2
6321 zero_neq_one <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_not_eq_one
6322 right_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse
6323 left_inverse <-- hypreal_mult_inverse_left, hcomplex_mult_inv_left
6324 order_refl <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_refl
6325 order_trans <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_trans
6326 order_antisym <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_anti_sym
6327 order_less_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less_le
6328 linorder_linear <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le_linear
6329 add_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_add_left_mono
6330 mult_strict_left_mono <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_mult_less_mono2
6331 add_nonneg_nonneg <-- hypreal_le_add_order
6333 * Hyperreal: Separate theorems having to do with type-specific
6334 versions of constants have been merged into theorems that apply to the
6335 new polymorphic constants (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6337 STAR_UNIV_set <-- {STAR_real,NatStar_real,STARC_complex}_set
6338 STAR_empty_set <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_empty_set
6339 STAR_Un <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Un
6340 STAR_Int <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Int
6341 STAR_Compl <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_Compl
6342 STAR_subset <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_subset
6343 STAR_mem <-- {STAR,NatStar,STARC}_mem
6344 STAR_mem_Compl <-- {STAR,STARC}_mem_Compl
6345 STAR_diff <-- {STAR,STARC}_diff
6346 STAR_star_of_image_subset <-- {STAR_hypreal_of_real, NatStar_hypreal_of_real,
6347 STARC_hcomplex_of_complex}_image_subset
6348 starset_n_Un <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Un
6349 starset_n_Int <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Int
6350 starset_n_Compl <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_Compl
6351 starset_n_diff <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_diff
6352 InternalSets_Un <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Un
6353 InternalSets_Int <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Int
6354 InternalSets_Compl <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_Compl
6355 InternalSets_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_diff
6356 InternalSets_UNIV_diff <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_UNIV_diff
6357 InternalSets_starset_n <-- Internal{Nat,C}Sets_starset{Nat,C}_n
6358 starset_starset_n_eq <-- starset{Nat,C}_starset{Nat,C}_n_eq
6359 starset_n_starset <-- starset{Nat,C}_n_starset{Nat,C}
6360 starfun_n_starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_n_starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
6361 starfun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}
6362 starfun_mult <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_mult
6363 starfun_add <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_add
6364 starfun_minus <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_minus
6365 starfun_diff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_diff
6366 starfun_o <-- starfun{NatNat2,Nat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o
6367 starfun_o2 <-- starfun{NatNat2,_stafunNat,C,C_starfunRC,_starfunCR}_o2
6368 starfun_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_const_fun
6369 starfun_inverse <-- starfun{Nat,C,RC,CR}_inverse
6370 starfun_eq <-- starfun{Nat,Nat2,C,RC,CR}_eq
6371 starfun_eq_iff <-- starfun{C,RC,CR}_eq_iff
6372 starfun_Id <-- starfunC_Id
6373 starfun_approx <-- starfun{Nat,CR}_approx
6374 starfun_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_capprox
6375 starfun_abs <-- starfunNat_rabs
6376 starfun_lambda_cancel <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel
6377 starfun_lambda_cancel2 <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_lambda_cancel2
6378 starfun_mult_HFinite_approx <-- starfunCR_mult_HFinite_capprox
6379 starfun_mult_CFinite_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_mult_CFinite_capprox
6380 starfun_add_capprox <-- starfun{C,RC}_add_capprox
6381 starfun_add_approx <-- starfunCR_add_approx
6382 starfun_inverse_inverse <-- starfunC_inverse_inverse
6383 starfun_divide <-- starfun{C,CR,RC}_divide
6384 starfun_n <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n
6385 starfun_n_mult <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_mult
6386 starfun_n_add <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_add
6387 starfun_n_add_minus <-- starfunNat_n_add_minus
6388 starfun_n_const_fun <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_const_fun
6389 starfun_n_minus <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_minus
6390 starfun_n_eq <-- starfun{Nat,C}_n_eq
6392 star_n_add <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_add
6393 star_n_minus <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_minus
6394 star_n_diff <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_diff
6395 star_n_mult <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_mult
6396 star_n_inverse <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_inverse
6397 star_n_le <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_le
6398 star_n_less <-- {hypreal,hypnat}_less
6399 star_n_zero_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_zero_num
6400 star_n_one_num <-- {hypreal,hypnat,hcomplex}_one_num
6401 star_n_abs <-- hypreal_hrabs
6402 star_n_divide <-- hcomplex_divide
6404 star_of_add <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_add
6405 star_of_minus <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_minus
6406 star_of_diff <-- hypreal_of_real_diff
6407 star_of_mult <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_mult
6408 star_of_one <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_one
6409 star_of_zero <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_zero
6410 star_of_le <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_le_iff
6411 star_of_less <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat}_less_iff
6412 star_of_eq <-- {hypreal_of_real,hypnat_of_nat,hcomplex_of_complex}_eq_iff
6413 star_of_inverse <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_inverse
6414 star_of_divide <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_divide
6415 star_of_of_nat <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_nat
6416 star_of_of_int <-- {hypreal_of_real,hcomplex_of_complex}_of_int
6417 star_of_number_of <-- {hypreal,hcomplex}_number_of
6418 star_of_number_less <-- number_of_less_hypreal_of_real_iff
6419 star_of_number_le <-- number_of_le_hypreal_of_real_iff
6420 star_of_eq_number <-- hypreal_of_real_eq_number_of_iff
6421 star_of_less_number <-- hypreal_of_real_less_number_of_iff
6422 star_of_le_number <-- hypreal_of_real_le_number_of_iff
6423 star_of_power <-- hypreal_of_real_power
6424 star_of_eq_0 <-- hcomplex_of_complex_zero_iff
6426 * Hyperreal: new method "transfer" that implements the transfer
6427 principle of nonstandard analysis. With a subgoal that mentions
6428 nonstandard types like "'a star", the command "apply transfer"
6429 replaces it with an equivalent one that mentions only standard types.
6430 To be successful, all free variables must have standard types; non-
6431 standard variables must have explicit universal quantifiers.
6433 * Hyperreal: A theory of Taylor series.
6438 * Discontinued special version of 'constdefs' (which used to support
6439 continuous functions) in favor of the general Pure one with full
6442 * New simplification procedure for solving continuity conditions; it
6443 is much faster on terms with many nested lambda abstractions (cubic
6444 instead of exponential time).
6446 * New syntax for domain package: selector names are now optional.
6447 Parentheses should be omitted unless argument is lazy, for example:
6449 domain 'a stream = cons "'a" (lazy "'a stream")
6451 * New command 'fixrec' for defining recursive functions with pattern
6452 matching; defining multiple functions with mutual recursion is also
6453 supported. Patterns may include the constants cpair, spair, up, sinl,
6454 sinr, or any data constructor defined by the domain package. The given
6455 equations are proven as rewrite rules. See HOLCF/ex/Fixrec_ex.thy for
6456 syntax and examples.
6458 * New commands 'cpodef' and 'pcpodef' for defining predicate subtypes
6459 of cpo and pcpo types. Syntax is exactly like the 'typedef' command,
6460 but the proof obligation additionally includes an admissibility
6461 requirement. The packages generate instances of class cpo or pcpo,
6462 with continuity and strictness theorems for Rep and Abs.
6464 * HOLCF: Many theorems have been renamed according to a more standard naming
6465 scheme (INCOMPATIBILITY):
6467 foo_inject: "foo$x = foo$y ==> x = y"
6468 foo_eq: "(foo$x = foo$y) = (x = y)"
6469 foo_less: "(foo$x << foo$y) = (x << y)"
6470 foo_strict: "foo$UU = UU"
6471 foo_defined: "... ==> foo$x ~= UU"
6472 foo_defined_iff: "(foo$x = UU) = (x = UU)"
6477 * ZF/ex: theories Group and Ring provide examples in abstract algebra,
6478 including the First Isomorphism Theorem (on quotienting by the kernel
6481 * ZF/Simplifier: install second copy of type solver that actually
6482 makes use of TC rules declared to Isar proof contexts (or locales);
6483 the old version is still required for ML proof scripts.
6488 * Converted to Isar theory format; use locales instead of axiomatic
6494 * Pure/library.ML: added ##>, ##>>, #>> -- higher-order counterparts
6497 * Pure/library.ML no longer defines its own option datatype, but uses
6498 that of the SML basis, which has constructors NONE and SOME instead of
6499 None and Some, as well as exception Option.Option instead of OPTION.
6500 The functions the, if_none, is_some, is_none have been adapted
6501 accordingly, while Option.map replaces apsome.
6503 * Pure/library.ML: the exception LIST has been given up in favour of
6504 the standard exceptions Empty and Subscript, as well as
6505 Library.UnequalLengths. Function like Library.hd and Library.tl are
6506 superceded by the standard hd and tl functions etc.
6508 A number of basic list functions are no longer exported to the ML
6509 toplevel, as they are variants of predefined functions. The following
6510 suggests how one can translate existing code:
6512 rev_append xs ys = List.revAppend (xs, ys)
6513 nth_elem (i, xs) = List.nth (xs, i)
6514 last_elem xs = List.last xs
6515 flat xss = List.concat xss
6516 seq fs = List.app fs
6517 partition P xs = List.partition P xs
6518 mapfilter f xs = List.mapPartial f xs
6520 * Pure/library.ML: several combinators for linear functional
6521 transformations, notably reverse application and composition:
6524 (x, y) |-> f f #-> g
6526 * Pure/library.ML: introduced/changed precedence of infix operators:
6528 infix 1 |> |-> ||> ||>> |>> |>>> #> #->;
6530 infix 3 o oo ooo oooo;
6531 infix 4 ~~ upto downto;
6533 Maybe INCOMPATIBILITY when any of those is used in conjunction with other
6536 * Pure/library.ML: natural list combinators fold, fold_rev, and
6537 fold_map support linear functional transformations and nesting. For
6540 fold f [x1, ..., xN] y =
6541 y |> f x1 |> ... |> f xN
6543 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] y =
6544 y |> fold f xs1 |> ... |> fold f xsN
6546 fold f [x1, ..., xN] =
6549 (fold o fold) f [xs1, ..., xsN] =
6550 fold f xs1 #> ... #> fold f xsN
6552 * Pure/library.ML: the following selectors on type 'a option are
6555 the: 'a option -> 'a (*partial*)
6556 these: 'a option -> 'a where 'a = 'b list
6557 the_default: 'a -> 'a option -> 'a
6558 the_list: 'a option -> 'a list
6560 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
6561 basic operations for association lists, following natural argument
6562 order; moreover the explicit equality predicate passed here avoids
6563 potentially expensive polymorphic runtime equality checks.
6564 The old functions may be expressed as follows:
6566 assoc = uncurry (AList.lookup (op =))
6567 assocs = these oo AList.lookup (op =)
6568 overwrite = uncurry (AList.update (op =)) o swap
6570 * Pure/General: structure AList (cf. Pure/General/alist.ML) provides
6572 val make: ('a -> 'b) -> 'a list -> ('a * 'b) list
6573 val find: ('a * 'b -> bool) -> ('c * 'b) list -> 'a -> 'c list
6575 replacing make_keylist and keyfilter (occassionally used)
6578 make_keylist = AList.make
6579 keyfilter = AList.find (op =)
6581 * eq_fst and eq_snd now take explicit equality parameter, thus
6582 avoiding eqtypes. Naive rewrites:
6584 eq_fst = eq_fst (op =)
6585 eq_snd = eq_snd (op =)
6587 * Removed deprecated apl and apr (rarely used).
6590 apl (n, op) =>>= curry op n
6591 apr (op, m) =>>= fn n => op (n, m)
6593 * Pure/General: structure OrdList (cf. Pure/General/ord_list.ML)
6594 provides a reasonably efficient light-weight implementation of sets as
6597 * Pure/General: generic tables (cf. Pure/General/table.ML) provide a
6598 few new operations; existing lookup and update are now curried to
6599 follow natural argument order (for use with fold etc.);
6600 INCOMPATIBILITY, use (uncurry Symtab.lookup) etc. as last resort.
6602 * Pure/General: output via the Isabelle channels of
6603 writeln/warning/error etc. is now passed through Output.output, with a
6604 hook for arbitrary transformations depending on the print_mode
6605 (cf. Output.add_mode -- the first active mode that provides a output
6606 function wins). Already formatted output may be embedded into further
6607 text via Output.raw; the result of Pretty.string_of/str_of and derived
6608 functions (string_of_term/cterm/thm etc.) is already marked raw to
6609 accommodate easy composition of diagnostic messages etc. Programmers
6610 rarely need to care about Output.output or Output.raw at all, with
6611 some notable exceptions: Output.output is required when bypassing the
6612 standard channels (writeln etc.), or in token translations to produce
6613 properly formatted results; Output.raw is required when capturing
6614 already output material that will eventually be presented to the user
6615 a second time. For the default print mode, both Output.output and
6616 Output.raw have no effect.
6618 * Pure/General: Output.time_accumulator NAME creates an operator ('a
6619 -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b to measure runtime and count invocations; the
6620 cumulative results are displayed at the end of a batch session.
6622 * Pure/General: File.sysify_path and File.quote_sysify path have been
6623 replaced by File.platform_path and File.shell_path (with appropriate
6624 hooks). This provides a clean interface for unusual systems where the
6625 internal and external process view of file names are different.
6627 * Pure: more efficient orders for basic syntactic entities: added
6628 fast_string_ord, fast_indexname_ord, fast_term_ord; changed sort_ord
6629 and typ_ord to use fast_string_ord and fast_indexname_ord (term_ord is
6630 NOT affected); structures Symtab, Vartab, Typtab, Termtab use the fast
6631 orders now -- potential INCOMPATIBILITY for code that depends on a
6632 particular order for Symtab.keys, Symtab.dest, etc. (consider using
6633 Library.sort_strings on result).
6635 * Pure/term.ML: combinators fold_atyps, fold_aterms, fold_term_types,
6636 fold_types traverse types/terms from left to right, observing natural
6637 argument order. Supercedes previous foldl_XXX versions, add_frees,
6638 add_vars etc. have been adapted as well: INCOMPATIBILITY.
6640 * Pure: name spaces have been refined, with significant changes of the
6641 internal interfaces -- INCOMPATIBILITY. Renamed cond_extern(_table)
6642 to extern(_table). The plain name entry path is superceded by a
6643 general 'naming' context, which also includes the 'policy' to produce
6644 a fully qualified name and external accesses of a fully qualified
6645 name; NameSpace.extend is superceded by context dependent
6646 Sign.declare_name. Several theory and proof context operations modify
6647 the naming context. Especially note Theory.restore_naming and
6648 ProofContext.restore_naming to get back to a sane state; note that
6649 Theory.add_path is no longer sufficient to recover from
6650 Theory.absolute_path in particular.
6652 * Pure: new flags short_names (default false) and unique_names
6653 (default true) for controlling output of qualified names. If
6654 short_names is set, names are printed unqualified. If unique_names is
6655 reset, the name prefix is reduced to the minimum required to achieve
6656 the original result when interning again, even if there is an overlap
6657 with earlier declarations.
6659 * Pure/TheoryDataFun: change of the argument structure; 'prep_ext' is
6660 now 'extend', and 'merge' gets an additional Pretty.pp argument
6661 (useful for printing error messages). INCOMPATIBILITY.
6663 * Pure: major reorganization of the theory context. Type Sign.sg and
6664 Theory.theory are now identified, referring to the universal
6665 Context.theory (see Pure/context.ML). Actual signature and theory
6666 content is managed as theory data. The old code and interfaces were
6667 spread over many files and structures; the new arrangement introduces
6668 considerable INCOMPATIBILITY to gain more clarity:
6670 Context -- theory management operations (name, identity, inclusion,
6671 parents, ancestors, merge, etc.), plus generic theory data;
6673 Sign -- logical signature and syntax operations (declaring consts,
6674 types, etc.), plus certify/read for common entities;
6676 Theory -- logical theory operations (stating axioms, definitions,
6677 oracles), plus a copy of logical signature operations (consts,
6678 types, etc.); also a few basic management operations (Theory.copy,
6681 The most basic sign_of operations (Theory.sign_of, Thm.sign_of_thm
6682 etc.) as well as the sign field in Thm.rep_thm etc. have been retained
6683 for convenience -- they merely return the theory.
6685 * Pure: type Type.tsig is superceded by theory in most interfaces.
6687 * Pure: the Isar proof context type is already defined early in Pure
6688 as Context.proof (note that ProofContext.context and Proof.context are
6689 aliases, where the latter is the preferred name). This enables other
6690 Isabelle components to refer to that type even before Isar is present.
6692 * Pure/sign/theory: discontinued named name spaces (i.e. classK,
6693 typeK, constK, axiomK, oracleK), but provide explicit operations for
6694 any of these kinds. For example, Sign.intern typeK is now
6695 Sign.intern_type, Theory.hide_space Sign.typeK is now
6696 Theory.hide_types. Also note that former
6697 Theory.hide_classes/types/consts are now
6698 Theory.hide_classes_i/types_i/consts_i, while the non '_i' versions
6699 internalize their arguments! INCOMPATIBILITY.
6701 * Pure: get_thm interface (of PureThy and ProofContext) expects
6702 datatype thmref (with constructors Name and NameSelection) instead of
6703 plain string -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
6705 * Pure: cases produced by proof methods specify options, where NONE
6706 means to remove case bindings -- INCOMPATIBILITY in
6709 * Pure: the following operations retrieve axioms or theorems from a
6710 theory node or theory hierarchy, respectively:
6712 Theory.axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
6713 Theory.all_axioms_of: theory -> (string * term) list
6714 PureThy.thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
6715 PureThy.all_thms_of: theory -> (string * thm) list
6717 * Pure: print_tac now outputs the goal through the trace channel.
6719 * Isar toplevel: improved diagnostics, mostly for Poly/ML only.
6720 Reference Toplevel.debug (default false) controls detailed printing
6721 and tracing of low-level exceptions; Toplevel.profiling (default 0)
6722 controls execution profiling -- set to 1 for time and 2 for space
6723 (both increase the runtime).
6725 * Isar session: The initial use of ROOT.ML is now always timed,
6726 i.e. the log will show the actual process times, in contrast to the
6727 elapsed wall-clock time that the outer shell wrapper produces.
6729 * Simplifier: improved handling of bound variables (nameless
6730 representation, avoid allocating new strings). Simprocs that invoke
6731 the Simplifier recursively should use Simplifier.inherit_bounds to
6732 avoid local name clashes. Failure to do so produces warnings
6733 "Simplifier: renamed bound variable ..."; set Simplifier.debug_bounds
6734 for further details.
6736 * ML functions legacy_bindings and use_legacy_bindings produce ML fact
6737 bindings for all theorems stored within a given theory; this may help
6738 in porting non-Isar theories to Isar ones, while keeping ML proof
6739 scripts for the time being.
6741 * ML operator HTML.with_charset specifies the charset begin used for
6742 generated HTML files. For example:
6744 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Hebrew";
6745 HTML.with_charset "utf-8" use_thy "Chinese";
6750 * Allow symlinks to all proper Isabelle executables (Isabelle,
6751 isabelle, isatool etc.).
6753 * ISABELLE_DOC_FORMAT setting specifies preferred document format (for
6754 isatool doc, isatool mkdir, display_drafts etc.).
6756 * isatool usedir: option -f allows specification of the ML file to be
6757 used by Isabelle; default is ROOT.ML.
6759 * New isatool version outputs the version identifier of the Isabelle
6760 distribution being used.
6762 * HOL: new isatool dimacs2hol converts files in DIMACS CNF format
6763 (containing Boolean satisfiability problems) into Isabelle/HOL
6768 New in Isabelle2004 (April 2004)
6769 --------------------------------
6773 * Provers/order.ML: new efficient reasoner for partial and linear orders.
6774 Replaces linorder.ML.
6776 * Pure: Greek letters (except small lambda, \<lambda>), as well as Gothic
6777 (\<aa>...\<zz>\<AA>...\<ZZ>), calligraphic (\<A>...\<Z>), and Euler
6778 (\<a>...\<z>), are now considered normal letters, and can therefore
6779 be used anywhere where an ASCII letter (a...zA...Z) has until
6780 now. COMPATIBILITY: This obviously changes the parsing of some
6781 terms, especially where a symbol has been used as a binder, say
6782 '\<Pi>x. ...', which is now a type error since \<Pi>x will be parsed
6783 as an identifier. Fix it by inserting a space around former
6784 symbols. Call 'isatool fixgreek' to try to fix parsing errors in
6785 existing theory and ML files.
6787 * Pure: Macintosh and Windows line-breaks are now allowed in theory files.
6789 * Pure: single letter sub/superscripts (\<^isub> and \<^isup>) are now
6790 allowed in identifiers. Similar to Greek letters \<^isub> is now considered
6791 a normal (but invisible) letter. For multiple letter subscripts repeat
6792 \<^isub> like this: x\<^isub>1\<^isub>2.
6794 * Pure: There are now sub-/superscripts that can span more than one
6795 character. Text between \<^bsub> and \<^esub> is set in subscript in
6796 ProofGeneral and LaTeX, text between \<^bsup> and \<^esup> in
6797 superscript. The new control characters are not identifier parts.
6799 * Pure: Control-symbols of the form \<^raw:...> will literally print the
6800 content of "..." to the latex file instead of \isacntrl... . The "..."
6801 may consist of any printable characters excluding the end bracket >.
6803 * Pure: Using new Isar command "finalconsts" (or the ML functions
6804 Theory.add_finals or Theory.add_finals_i) it is now possible to
6805 declare constants "final", which prevents their being given a definition
6806 later. It is useful for constants whose behaviour is fixed axiomatically
6807 rather than definitionally, such as the meta-logic connectives.
6809 * Pure: 'instance' now handles general arities with general sorts
6810 (i.e. intersections of classes),
6812 * Presentation: generated HTML now uses a CSS style sheet to make layout
6813 (somewhat) independent of content. It is copied from lib/html/isabelle.css.
6814 It can be changed to alter the colors/layout of generated pages.
6819 * Tactic emulation methods rule_tac, erule_tac, drule_tac, frule_tac,
6820 cut_tac, subgoal_tac and thin_tac:
6821 - Now understand static (Isar) contexts. As a consequence, users of Isar
6822 locales are no longer forced to write Isar proof scripts.
6823 For details see Isar Reference Manual, paragraph 4.3.2: Further tactic
6825 - INCOMPATIBILITY: names of variables to be instantiated may no
6826 longer be enclosed in quotes. Instead, precede variable name with `?'.
6827 This is consistent with the instantiation attribute "where".
6829 * Attributes "where" and "of":
6830 - Now take type variables of instantiated theorem into account when reading
6831 the instantiation string. This fixes a bug that caused instantiated
6832 theorems to have too special types in some circumstances.
6833 - "where" permits explicit instantiations of type variables.
6835 * Calculation commands "moreover" and "also" no longer interfere with
6836 current facts ("this"), admitting arbitrary combinations with "then"
6840 - Goal statements involving the context element "includes" no longer
6841 generate theorems with internal delta predicates (those ending on
6842 "_axioms") in the premise.
6843 Resolve particular premise with <locale>.intro to obtain old form.
6844 - Fixed bug in type inference ("unify_frozen") that prevented mix of target
6845 specification and "includes" elements in goal statement.
6846 - Rule sets <locale>.intro and <locale>.axioms no longer declared as
6847 [intro?] and [elim?] (respectively) by default.
6848 - Experimental command for instantiation of locales in proof contexts:
6849 instantiate <label>[<attrs>]: <loc>
6850 Instantiates locale <loc> and adds all its theorems to the current context
6851 taking into account their attributes. Label and attrs are optional
6852 modifiers, like in theorem declarations. If present, names of
6853 instantiated theorems are qualified with <label>, and the attributes
6854 <attrs> are applied after any attributes these theorems might have already.
6855 If the locale has assumptions, a chained fact of the form
6856 "<loc> t1 ... tn" is expected from which instantiations of the parameters
6857 are derived. The command does not support old-style locales declared
6858 with "locale (open)".
6859 A few (very simple) examples can be found in FOL/ex/LocaleInst.thy.
6861 * HOL: Tactic emulation methods induct_tac and case_tac understand static
6867 * Proof import: new image HOL4 contains the imported library from
6868 the HOL4 system with about 2500 theorems. It is imported by
6869 replaying proof terms produced by HOL4 in Isabelle. The HOL4 image
6870 can be used like any other Isabelle image. See
6871 HOL/Import/HOL/README for more information.
6874 - Much improved handling of linear and partial orders.
6875 Reasoners for linear and partial orders are set up for type classes
6876 "linorder" and "order" respectively, and are added to the default simpset
6877 as solvers. This means that the simplifier can build transitivity chains
6878 to solve goals from the assumptions.
6879 - INCOMPATIBILITY: old proofs break occasionally. Typically, applications
6880 of blast or auto after simplification become unnecessary because the goal
6881 is solved by simplification already.
6883 * Numerics: new theory Ring_and_Field contains over 250 basic numerical laws,
6884 all proved in axiomatic type classes for semirings, rings and fields.
6887 - Numeric types (nat, int, and in HOL-Complex rat, real, complex, etc.) are
6888 now formalized using the Ring_and_Field theory mentioned above.
6889 - INCOMPATIBILITY: simplification and arithmetic behaves somewhat differently
6890 than before, because now they are set up once in a generic manner.
6891 - INCOMPATIBILITY: many type-specific arithmetic laws have gone.
6892 Look for the general versions in Ring_and_Field (and Power if they concern
6895 * Type "rat" of the rational numbers is now available in HOL-Complex.
6898 - Record types are now by default printed with their type abbreviation
6899 instead of the list of all field types. This can be configured via
6900 the reference "print_record_type_abbr".
6901 - Simproc "record_upd_simproc" for simplification of multiple updates added
6902 (not enabled by default).
6903 - Simproc "record_ex_sel_eq_simproc" to simplify EX x. sel r = x resp.
6904 EX x. x = sel r to True (not enabled by default).
6905 - Tactic "record_split_simp_tac" to split and simplify records added.
6907 * 'specification' command added, allowing for definition by
6908 specification. There is also an 'ax_specification' command that
6909 introduces the new constants axiomatically.
6911 * arith(_tac) is now able to generate counterexamples for reals as well.
6913 * HOL-Algebra: new locale "ring" for non-commutative rings.
6915 * HOL-ex: InductiveInvariant_examples illustrates advanced recursive function
6916 definitions, thanks to Sava Krsti\'{c} and John Matthews.
6918 * HOL-Matrix: a first theory for matrices in HOL with an application of
6919 matrix theory to linear programming.
6921 * Unions and Intersections:
6922 The latex output syntax of UN and INT has been changed
6923 from "\Union x \in A. B" to "\Union_{x \in A} B"
6924 i.e. the index formulae has become a subscript.
6925 Similarly for "\Union x. B", and for \Inter instead of \Union.
6927 * Unions and Intersections over Intervals:
6928 There is new short syntax "UN i<=n. A" for "UN i:{0..n}. A". There is
6929 also an x-symbol version with subscripts "\<Union>\<^bsub>i <= n\<^esub>. A"
6930 like in normal math, and corresponding versions for < and for intersection.
6932 * HOL/List: Ordering "lexico" is renamed "lenlex" and the standard
6933 lexicographic dictonary ordering has been added as "lexord".
6935 * ML: the legacy theory structures Int and List have been removed. They had
6936 conflicted with ML Basis Library structures having the same names.
6938 * 'refute' command added to search for (finite) countermodels. Only works
6939 for a fragment of HOL. The installation of an external SAT solver is
6940 highly recommended. See "HOL/Refute.thy" for details.
6942 * 'quickcheck' command: Allows to find counterexamples by evaluating
6943 formulae under an assignment of free variables to random values.
6944 In contrast to 'refute', it can deal with inductive datatypes,
6945 but cannot handle quantifiers. See "HOL/ex/Quickcheck_Examples.thy"
6951 * Streams now come with concatenation and are part of the HOLCF image
6955 New in Isabelle2003 (May 2003)
6956 ------------------------------
6960 * Provers/simplifier:
6962 - Completely reimplemented method simp (ML: Asm_full_simp_tac):
6963 Assumptions are now subject to complete mutual simplification,
6964 not just from left to right. The simplifier now preserves
6965 the order of assumptions.
6967 Potential INCOMPATIBILITY:
6969 -- simp sometimes diverges where the old version did
6970 not, e.g. invoking simp on the goal
6972 [| P (f x); y = x; f x = f y |] ==> Q
6974 now gives rise to the infinite reduction sequence
6976 P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> P(f y) --(y = x)--> P(f x) --(f x = f y)--> ...
6978 Using "simp (asm_lr)" (ML: Asm_lr_simp_tac) instead often solves this
6981 -- Tactics combining classical reasoner and simplification (such as auto)
6982 are also affected by this change, because many of them rely on
6983 simp. They may sometimes diverge as well or yield a different numbers
6984 of subgoals. Try to use e.g. force, fastsimp, or safe instead of auto
6985 in case of problems. Sometimes subsequent calls to the classical
6986 reasoner will fail because a preceeding call to the simplifier too
6987 eagerly simplified the goal, e.g. deleted redundant premises.
6989 - The simplifier trace now shows the names of the applied rewrite rules
6991 - You can limit the number of recursive invocations of the simplifier
6992 during conditional rewriting (where the simplifie tries to solve the
6993 conditions before applying the rewrite rule):
6994 ML "simp_depth_limit := n"
6995 where n is an integer. Thus you can force termination where previously
6996 the simplifier would diverge.
6998 - Accepts free variables as head terms in congruence rules. Useful in Isar.
7000 - No longer aborts on failed congruence proof. Instead, the
7001 congruence is ignored.
7003 * Pure: New generic framework for extracting programs from constructive
7004 proofs. See HOL/Extraction.thy for an example instantiation, as well
7005 as HOL/Extraction for some case studies.
7007 * Pure: The main goal of the proof state is no longer shown by default, only
7008 the subgoals. This behaviour is controlled by a new flag.
7009 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Settings -> Show Main Goal
7010 (ML: Proof.show_main_goal).
7012 * Pure: You can find all matching introduction rules for subgoal 1, i.e. all
7013 rules whose conclusion matches subgoal 1:
7014 PG menu: Isabelle/Isar -> Show me -> matching rules
7015 The rules are ordered by how closely they match the subgoal.
7016 In particular, rules that solve a subgoal outright are displayed first
7017 (or rather last, the way they are printed).
7018 (ML: ProofGeneral.print_intros())
7020 * Pure: New flag trace_unify_fail causes unification to print
7021 diagnostic information (PG: in trace buffer) when it fails. This is
7022 useful for figuring out why single step proofs like rule, erule or
7025 * Pure: Locale specifications now produce predicate definitions
7026 according to the body of text (covering assumptions modulo local
7027 definitions); predicate "loc_axioms" covers newly introduced text,
7028 while "loc" is cumulative wrt. all included locale expressions; the
7029 latter view is presented only on export into the global theory
7030 context; potential INCOMPATIBILITY, use "(open)" option to fall back
7031 on the old view without predicates;
7033 * Pure: predefined locales "var" and "struct" are useful for sharing
7034 parameters (as in CASL, for example); just specify something like
7035 ``var x + var y + struct M'' as import;
7037 * Pure: improved thms_containing: proper indexing of facts instead of
7038 raw theorems; check validity of results wrt. current name space;
7039 include local facts of proof configuration (also covers active
7040 locales), cover fixed variables in index; may use "_" in term
7041 specification; an optional limit for the number of printed facts may
7042 be given (the default is 40);
7044 * Pure: disallow duplicate fact bindings within new-style theory files
7047 * Provers: improved induct method: assumptions introduced by case
7048 "foo" are split into "foo.hyps" (from the rule) and "foo.prems" (from
7049 the goal statement); "foo" still refers to all facts collectively;
7051 * Provers: the function blast.overloaded has been removed: all constants
7052 are regarded as potentially overloaded, which improves robustness in exchange
7053 for slight decrease in efficiency;
7055 * Provers/linorder: New generic prover for transitivity reasoning over
7056 linear orders. Note: this prover is not efficient!
7058 * Isar: preview of problems to finish 'show' now produce an error
7059 rather than just a warning (in interactive mode);
7066 - Produces a counter example if it cannot prove a goal.
7067 Note that the counter example may be spurious if the goal is not a formula
7068 of quantifier-free linear arithmetic.
7069 In ProofGeneral the counter example appears in the trace buffer.
7071 - Knows about div k and mod k where k is a numeral of type nat or int.
7073 - Calls full Presburger arithmetic (by Amine Chaieb) if quantifier-free
7074 linear arithmetic fails. This takes account of quantifiers and divisibility.
7075 Presburger arithmetic can also be called explicitly via presburger(_tac).
7077 * simp's arithmetic capabilities have been enhanced a bit: it now
7078 takes ~= in premises into account (by performing a case split);
7080 * simp reduces "m*(n div m) + n mod m" to n, even if the two summands
7081 are distributed over a sum of terms;
7083 * New tactic "trans_tac" and method "trans" instantiate
7084 Provers/linorder.ML for axclasses "order" and "linorder" (predicates
7087 * function INCOMPATIBILITIES: Pi-sets have been redefined and moved from main
7088 HOL to Library/FuncSet; constant "Fun.op o" is now called "Fun.comp";
7090 * 'typedef' command has new option "open" to suppress the set
7093 * functions Min and Max on finite sets have been introduced (theory
7096 * attribute [symmetric] now works for relations as well; it turns
7097 (x,y) : R^-1 into (y,x) : R, and vice versa;
7099 * induct over a !!-quantified statement (say !!x1..xn):
7100 each "case" automatically performs "fix x1 .. xn" with exactly those names.
7102 * Map: `empty' is no longer a constant but a syntactic abbreviation for
7103 %x. None. Warning: empty_def now refers to the previously hidden definition
7106 * Algebra: formalization of classical algebra. Intended as base for
7107 any algebraic development in Isabelle. Currently covers group theory
7108 (up to Sylow's theorem) and ring theory (Universal Property of
7109 Univariate Polynomials). Contributions welcome;
7111 * GroupTheory: deleted, since its material has been moved to Algebra;
7113 * Complex: new directory of the complex numbers with numeric constants,
7114 nonstandard complex numbers, and some complex analysis, standard and
7115 nonstandard (Jacques Fleuriot);
7117 * HOL-Complex: new image for analysis, replacing HOL-Real and HOL-Hyperreal;
7119 * Hyperreal: introduced Gauge integration and hyperreal logarithms (Jacques
7122 * Real/HahnBanach: updated and adapted to locales;
7124 * NumberTheory: added Gauss's law of quadratic reciprocity (by Avigad,
7127 * UNITY: added the Meier-Sanders theory of progress sets;
7129 * MicroJava: bytecode verifier and lightweight bytecode verifier
7130 as abstract algorithms, instantiated to the JVM;
7132 * Bali: Java source language formalization. Type system, operational
7133 semantics, axiomatic semantics. Supported language features:
7134 classes, interfaces, objects,virtual methods, static methods,
7135 static/instance fields, arrays, access modifiers, definite
7136 assignment, exceptions.
7141 * ZF/Constructible: consistency proof for AC (Gdel's constructible
7144 * Main ZF: virtually all theories converted to new-style format;
7149 * Pure: Tactic.prove provides sane interface for internal proofs;
7150 omits the infamous "standard" operation, so this is more appropriate
7151 than prove_goalw_cterm in many situations (e.g. in simprocs);
7153 * Pure: improved error reporting of simprocs;
7155 * Provers: Simplifier.simproc(_i) provides sane interface for setting
7159 *** Document preparation ***
7161 * uses \par instead of \\ for line breaks in theory text. This may
7162 shift some page breaks in large documents. To get the old behaviour
7163 use \renewcommand{\isanewline}{\mbox{}\\\mbox{}} in root.tex.
7165 * minimized dependencies of isabelle.sty and isabellesym.sty on
7168 * \<euro> now needs package babel/greek instead of marvosym (which
7171 * normal size for \<zero>...\<nine> (uses \mathbf instead of
7176 New in Isabelle2002 (March 2002)
7177 --------------------------------
7179 *** Document preparation ***
7181 * greatly simplified document preparation setup, including more
7182 graceful interpretation of isatool usedir -i/-d/-D options, and more
7183 instructive isatool mkdir; users should basically be able to get
7184 started with "isatool mkdir HOL Test && isatool make"; alternatively,
7185 users may run a separate document processing stage manually like this:
7186 "isatool usedir -D output HOL Test && isatool document Test/output";
7188 * theory dependency graph may now be incorporated into documents;
7189 isatool usedir -g true will produce session_graph.eps/.pdf for use
7190 with \includegraphics of LaTeX;
7192 * proper spacing of consecutive markup elements, especially text
7193 blocks after section headings;
7195 * support bold style (for single symbols only), input syntax is like
7196 this: "\<^bold>\<alpha>" or "\<^bold>A";
7198 * \<bullet> is now output as bold \cdot by default, which looks much
7199 better in printed text;
7201 * added default LaTeX bindings for \<tturnstile> and \<TTurnstile>;
7202 note that these symbols are currently unavailable in Proof General /
7203 X-Symbol; new symbols \<zero>, \<one>, ..., \<nine>, and \<euro>;
7205 * isatool latex no longer depends on changed TEXINPUTS, instead
7206 isatool document copies the Isabelle style files to the target
7212 * Pure/Provers: improved proof by cases and induction;
7213 - 'case' command admits impromptu naming of parameters (such as
7215 - 'induct' method divinates rule instantiation from the inductive
7216 claim; no longer requires excessive ?P bindings for proper
7217 instantiation of cases;
7218 - 'induct' method properly enumerates all possibilities of set/type
7219 rules; as a consequence facts may be also passed through *type*
7220 rules without further ado;
7221 - 'induct' method now derives symbolic cases from the *rulified*
7222 rule (before it used to rulify cases stemming from the internal
7223 atomized version); this means that the context of a non-atomic
7224 statement becomes is included in the hypothesis, avoiding the
7225 slightly cumbersome show "PROP ?case" form;
7226 - 'induct' may now use elim-style induction rules without chaining
7227 facts, using ``missing'' premises from the goal state; this allows
7228 rules stemming from inductive sets to be applied in unstructured
7229 scripts, while still benefitting from proper handling of non-atomic
7230 statements; NB: major inductive premises need to be put first, all
7231 the rest of the goal is passed through the induction;
7232 - 'induct' proper support for mutual induction involving non-atomic
7233 rule statements (uses the new concept of simultaneous goals, see
7235 - append all possible rule selections, but only use the first
7236 success (no backtracking);
7237 - removed obsolete "(simplified)" and "(stripped)" options of methods;
7238 - undeclared rule case names default to numbers 1, 2, 3, ...;
7239 - added 'print_induct_rules' (covered by help item in recent Proof
7241 - moved induct/cases attributes to Pure, methods to Provers;
7242 - generic method setup instantiated for FOL and HOL;
7244 * Pure: support multiple simultaneous goal statements, for example
7245 "have a: A and b: B" (same for 'theorem' etc.); being a pure
7246 meta-level mechanism, this acts as if several individual goals had
7247 been stated separately; in particular common proof methods need to be
7248 repeated in order to cover all claims; note that a single elimination
7249 step is *not* sufficient to establish the two conjunctions, so this
7252 assume "A & B" then have A and B .. (*".." fails*)
7254 better use "obtain" in situations as above; alternative refer to
7255 multi-step methods like 'auto', 'simp_all', 'blast+' etc.;
7257 * Pure: proper integration with ``locales''; unlike the original
7258 version by Florian Kammller, Isar locales package high-level proof
7259 contexts rather than raw logical ones (e.g. we admit to include
7260 attributes everywhere); operations on locales include merge and
7261 rename; support for implicit arguments (``structures''); simultaneous
7262 type-inference over imports and text; see also HOL/ex/Locales.thy for
7265 * Pure: the following commands have been ``localized'', supporting a
7266 target locale specification "(in name)": 'lemma', 'theorem',
7267 'corollary', 'lemmas', 'theorems', 'declare'; the results will be
7268 stored both within the locale and at the theory level (exported and
7269 qualified by the locale name);
7271 * Pure: theory goals may now be specified in ``long'' form, with
7272 ad-hoc contexts consisting of arbitrary locale elements. for example
7273 ``lemma foo: fixes x assumes "A x" shows "B x"'' (local syntax and
7274 definitions may be given, too); the result is a meta-level rule with
7275 the context elements being discharged in the obvious way;
7277 * Pure: new proof command 'using' allows to augment currently used
7278 facts after a goal statement ('using' is syntactically analogous to
7279 'apply', but acts on the goal's facts only); this allows chained facts
7280 to be separated into parts given before and after a claim, as in
7281 ``from a and b have C using d and e <proof>'';
7283 * Pure: renamed "antecedent" case to "rule_context";
7285 * Pure: new 'judgment' command records explicit information about the
7286 object-logic embedding (used by several tools internally); no longer
7287 use hard-wired "Trueprop";
7289 * Pure: added 'corollary' command;
7291 * Pure: fixed 'token_translation' command;
7293 * Pure: removed obsolete 'exported' attribute;
7295 * Pure: dummy pattern "_" in is/let is now automatically lifted over
7296 bound variables: "ALL x. P x --> Q x" (is "ALL x. _ --> ?C x")
7297 supersedes more cumbersome ... (is "ALL x. _ x --> ?C x");
7299 * Pure: method 'atomize' presents local goal premises as object-level
7300 statements (atomic meta-level propositions); setup controlled via
7301 rewrite rules declarations of 'atomize' attribute; example
7302 application: 'induct' method with proper rule statements in improper
7305 * Pure: emulation of instantiation tactics (rule_tac, cut_tac, etc.)
7306 now consider the syntactic context of assumptions, giving a better
7307 chance to get type-inference of the arguments right (this is
7308 especially important for locales);
7310 * Pure: "sorry" no longer requires quick_and_dirty in interactive
7313 * Pure/obtain: the formal conclusion "thesis", being marked as
7314 ``internal'', may no longer be reference directly in the text;
7315 potential INCOMPATIBILITY, may need to use "?thesis" in rare
7318 * Pure: generic 'sym' attribute which declares a rule both as pure
7319 'elim?' and for the 'symmetric' operation;
7321 * Pure: marginal comments ``--'' may now occur just anywhere in the
7322 text; the fixed correlation with particular command syntax has been
7325 * Pure: new method 'rules' is particularly well-suited for proof
7326 search in intuitionistic logic; a bit slower than 'blast' or 'fast',
7327 but often produces more compact proof terms with less detours;
7329 * Pure/Provers/classical: simplified integration with pure rule
7330 attributes and methods; the classical "intro?/elim?/dest?"
7331 declarations coincide with the pure ones; the "rule" method no longer
7332 includes classically swapped intros; "intro" and "elim" methods no
7333 longer pick rules from the context; also got rid of ML declarations
7334 AddXIs/AddXEs/AddXDs; all of this has some potential for
7337 * Provers/classical: attribute 'swapped' produces classical inversions
7338 of introduction rules;
7340 * Provers/simplifier: 'simplified' attribute may refer to explicit
7341 rules instead of full simplifier context; 'iff' attribute handles
7344 * HOL: 'typedef' now allows alternative names for Rep/Abs morphisms;
7346 * HOL: 'recdef' now fails on unfinished automated proofs, use
7347 "(permissive)" option to recover old behavior;
7349 * HOL: 'inductive' no longer features separate (collective) attributes
7350 for 'intros' (was found too confusing);
7352 * HOL: properly declared induction rules less_induct and
7358 * HOL: moved over to sane numeral syntax; the new policy is as
7361 - 0 and 1 are polymorphic constants, which are defined on any
7362 numeric type (nat, int, real etc.);
7364 - 2, 3, 4, ... and -1, -2, -3, ... are polymorphic numerals, based
7365 binary representation internally;
7367 - type nat has special constructor Suc, and generally prefers Suc 0
7368 over 1::nat and Suc (Suc 0) over 2::nat;
7370 This change may cause significant problems of INCOMPATIBILITY; here
7371 are some hints on converting existing sources:
7373 - due to the new "num" token, "-0" and "-1" etc. are now atomic
7374 entities, so expressions involving "-" (unary or binary minus) need
7375 to be spaced properly;
7377 - existing occurrences of "1" may need to be constraint "1::nat" or
7378 even replaced by Suc 0; similar for old "2";
7380 - replace "#nnn" by "nnn", and "#-nnn" by "-nnn";
7382 - remove all special provisions on numerals in proofs;
7384 * HOL: simp rules nat_number expand numerals on nat to Suc/0
7385 representation (depends on bin_arith_simps in the default context);
7387 * HOL: symbolic syntax for x^2 (numeral 2);
7389 * HOL: the class of all HOL types is now called "type" rather than
7390 "term"; INCOMPATIBILITY, need to adapt references to this type class
7391 in axclass/classes, instance/arities, and (usually rare) occurrences
7392 in typings (of consts etc.); internally the class is called
7393 "HOL.type", ML programs should refer to HOLogic.typeS;
7395 * HOL/record package improvements:
7396 - new derived operations "fields" to build a partial record section,
7397 "extend" to promote a fixed record to a record scheme, and
7398 "truncate" for the reverse; cf. theorems "xxx.defs", which are *not*
7399 declared as simp by default;
7400 - shared operations ("more", "fields", etc.) now need to be always
7401 qualified) --- potential INCOMPATIBILITY;
7402 - removed "make_scheme" operations (use "make" with "extend") --
7404 - removed "more" class (simply use "term") -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
7405 - provides cases/induct rules for use with corresponding Isar
7406 methods (for concrete records, record schemes, concrete more
7407 parts, and schematic more parts -- in that order);
7408 - internal definitions directly based on a light-weight abstract
7409 theory of product types over typedef rather than datatype;
7411 * HOL: generic code generator for generating executable ML code from
7412 specifications; specific support for HOL constructs such as inductive
7413 datatypes and sets, as well as recursive functions; can be invoked
7414 via 'generate_code' theory section;
7416 * HOL: canonical cases/induct rules for n-tuples (n = 3..7);
7418 * HOL: consolidated and renamed several theories. In particular:
7419 Ord.thy has been absorbed into HOL.thy
7420 String.thy has been absorbed into List.thy
7422 * HOL: concrete setsum syntax "\<Sum>i:A. b" == "setsum (%i. b) A"
7423 (beware of argument permutation!);
7425 * HOL: linorder_less_split superseded by linorder_cases;
7427 * HOL/List: "nodups" renamed to "distinct";
7429 * HOL: added "The" definite description operator; move Hilbert's "Eps"
7430 to peripheral theory "Hilbert_Choice"; some INCOMPATIBILITIES:
7431 - Ex_def has changed, now need to use some_eq_ex
7433 * HOL: made split_all_tac safe; EXISTING PROOFS MAY FAIL OR LOOP, so
7434 in this (rare) case use:
7436 delSWrapper "split_all_tac"
7437 addSbefore ("unsafe_split_all_tac", unsafe_split_all_tac)
7439 * HOL: added safe wrapper "split_conv_tac" to claset; EXISTING PROOFS
7442 * HOL: introduced f^n = f o ... o f; warning: due to the limits of
7443 Isabelle's type classes, ^ on functions and relations has too general
7444 a domain, namely ('a * 'b) set and 'a => 'b; this means that it may be
7445 necessary to attach explicit type constraints;
7447 * HOL/Relation: the prefix name of the infix "O" has been changed from
7448 "comp" to "rel_comp"; INCOMPATIBILITY: a few theorems have been
7449 renamed accordingly (eg "compI" -> "rel_compI").
7451 * HOL: syntax translations now work properly with numerals and records
7454 * HOL: bounded abstraction now uses syntax "%" / "\<lambda>" instead
7455 of "lam" -- INCOMPATIBILITY;
7457 * HOL: got rid of some global declarations (potential INCOMPATIBILITY
7458 for ML tools): const "()" renamed "Product_Type.Unity", type "unit"
7459 renamed "Product_Type.unit";
7461 * HOL: renamed rtrancl_into_rtrancl2 to converse_rtrancl_into_rtrancl
7463 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem "optionE" (use "option.exhaust", or
7464 the "cases" method);
7466 * HOL/GroupTheory: group theory examples including Sylow's theorem (by
7469 * HOL/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory format; several
7470 parts turned into readable document, with proper Isar proof texts and
7471 some explanations (by Gerwin Klein);
7473 * HOL-Real: added Complex_Numbers (by Gertrud Bauer);
7475 * HOL-Hyperreal is now a logic image;
7480 * Isar: consts/constdefs supports mixfix syntax for continuous
7483 * Isar: domain package adapted to new-style theory format, e.g. see
7486 * theory Lift: proper use of rep_datatype lift instead of ML hacks --
7487 potential INCOMPATIBILITY; now use plain induct_tac instead of former
7488 lift.induct_tac, always use UU instead of Undef;
7490 * HOLCF/IMP: updated and converted to new-style theory;
7495 * Isar: proper integration of logic-specific tools and packages,
7496 including theory commands '(co)inductive', '(co)datatype',
7497 'rep_datatype', 'inductive_cases', as well as methods 'ind_cases',
7498 'induct_tac', 'case_tac', and 'typecheck' (with attribute 'TC');
7500 * theory Main no longer includes AC; for the Axiom of Choice, base
7501 your theory on Main_ZFC;
7503 * the integer library now covers quotients and remainders, with many
7504 laws relating division to addition, multiplication, etc.;
7506 * ZF/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY is now available in ZF, giving a
7507 typeless version of the formalism;
7509 * ZF/AC, Coind, IMP, Resid: updated and converted to new-style theory
7512 * ZF/Induct: new directory for examples of inductive definitions,
7513 including theory Multiset for multiset orderings; converted to
7514 new-style theory format;
7516 * ZF: many new theorems about lists, ordinals, etc.;
7521 * Pure/kernel: meta-level proof terms (by Stefan Berghofer); reference
7522 variable proof controls level of detail: 0 = no proofs (only oracle
7523 dependencies), 1 = lemma dependencies, 2 = compact proof terms; see
7524 also ref manual for further ML interfaces;
7526 * Pure/axclass: removed obsolete ML interface
7527 goal_subclass/goal_arity;
7529 * Pure/syntax: new token syntax "num" for plain numerals (without "#"
7530 of "xnum"); potential INCOMPATIBILITY, since -0, -1 etc. are now
7531 separate tokens, so expressions involving minus need to be spaced
7534 * Pure/syntax: support non-oriented infixes, using keyword "infix"
7535 rather than "infixl" or "infixr";
7537 * Pure/syntax: concrete syntax for dummy type variables admits genuine
7538 sort constraint specifications in type inference; e.g. "x::_::foo"
7539 ensures that the type of "x" is of sort "foo" (but not necessarily a
7542 * Pure/syntax: print modes "type_brackets" and "no_type_brackets"
7543 control output of nested => (types); the default behavior is
7546 * Pure/syntax: builtin parse translation for "_constify" turns valued
7547 tokens into AST constants;
7549 * Pure/syntax: prefer later declarations of translations and print
7550 translation functions; potential INCOMPATIBILITY: need to reverse
7551 multiple declarations for same syntax element constant;
7553 * Pure/show_hyps reset by default (in accordance to existing Isar
7556 * Provers/classical: renamed addaltern to addafter, addSaltern to
7559 * Provers/clasimp: ``iff'' declarations now handle conditional rules
7562 * system: tested support for MacOS X; should be able to get Isabelle +
7563 Proof General to work in a plain Terminal after installing Poly/ML
7564 (e.g. from the Isabelle distribution area) and GNU bash alone
7565 (e.g. from http://www.apple.com); full X11, XEmacs and X-Symbol
7566 support requires further installations, e.g. from
7567 http://fink.sourceforge.net/);
7569 * system: support Poly/ML 4.1.1 (able to manage larger heaps);
7571 * system: reduced base memory usage by Poly/ML (approx. 20 MB instead
7572 of 40 MB), cf. ML_OPTIONS;
7574 * system: Proof General keywords specification is now part of the
7575 Isabelle distribution (see etc/isar-keywords.el);
7577 * system: support for persistent Proof General sessions (refrain from
7578 outdating all loaded theories on startup); user may create writable
7579 logic images like this: ``isabelle -q HOL Test'';
7581 * system: smart selection of Isabelle process versus Isabelle
7582 interface, accommodates case-insensitive file systems (e.g. HFS+); may
7583 run both "isabelle" and "Isabelle" even if file names are badly
7584 damaged (executable inspects the case of the first letter of its own
7585 name); added separate "isabelle-process" and "isabelle-interface";
7587 * system: refrain from any attempt at filtering input streams; no
7588 longer support ``8bit'' encoding of old isabelle font, instead proper
7589 iso-latin characters may now be used; the related isatools
7590 "symbolinput" and "nonascii" have disappeared as well;
7592 * system: removed old "xterm" interface (the print modes "xterm" and
7593 "xterm_color" are still available for direct use in a suitable
7598 New in Isabelle99-2 (February 2001)
7599 -----------------------------------
7601 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
7603 * HOL: please note that theories in the Library and elsewhere often use the
7604 new-style (Isar) format; to refer to their theorems in an ML script you must
7605 bind them to ML identifers by e.g. val thm_name = thm "thm_name";
7607 * HOL: inductive package no longer splits induction rule aggressively,
7608 but only as far as specified by the introductions given; the old
7609 format may be recovered via ML function complete_split_rule or attribute
7610 'split_rule (complete)';
7612 * HOL: induct renamed to lfp_induct, lfp_Tarski to lfp_unfold,
7613 gfp_Tarski to gfp_unfold;
7615 * HOL: contrapos, contrapos2 renamed to contrapos_nn, contrapos_pp;
7617 * HOL: infix "dvd" now has priority 50 rather than 70 (because it is a
7618 relation); infix "^^" has been renamed "``"; infix "``" has been
7619 renamed "`"; "univalent" has been renamed "single_valued";
7621 * HOL/Real: "rinv" and "hrinv" replaced by overloaded "inverse"
7624 * HOLCF: infix "`" has been renamed "$"; the symbol syntax is \<cdot>;
7626 * Isar: 'obtain' no longer declares "that" fact as simp/intro;
7628 * Isar/HOL: method 'induct' now handles non-atomic goals; as a
7629 consequence, it is no longer monotonic wrt. the local goal context
7630 (which is now passed through the inductive cases);
7632 * Document preparation: renamed standard symbols \<ll> to \<lless> and
7633 \<gg> to \<ggreater>;
7636 *** Document preparation ***
7638 * \isabellestyle{NAME} selects version of Isabelle output (currently
7639 available: are "it" for near math-mode best-style output, "sl" for
7640 slanted text style, and "tt" for plain type-writer; if no
7641 \isabellestyle command is given, output is according to slanted
7644 * support sub/super scripts (for single symbols only), input syntax is
7645 like this: "A\<^sup>*" or "A\<^sup>\<star>";
7647 * some more standard symbols; see Appendix A of the system manual for
7648 the complete list of symbols defined in isabellesym.sty;
7650 * improved isabelle style files; more abstract symbol implementation
7651 (should now use \isamath{...} and \isatext{...} in custom symbol
7654 * antiquotation @{goals} and @{subgoals} for output of *dynamic* goals
7655 state; Note that presentation of goal states does not conform to
7656 actual human-readable proof documents. Please do not include goal
7657 states into document output unless you really know what you are doing!
7659 * proper indentation of antiquoted output with proportional LaTeX
7662 * no_document ML operator temporarily disables LaTeX document
7665 * isatool unsymbolize tunes sources for plain ASCII communication;
7670 * Pure: Isar now suffers initial goal statements to contain unbound
7671 schematic variables (this does not conform to actual readable proof
7672 documents, due to unpredictable outcome and non-compositional proof
7673 checking); users who know what they are doing may use schematic goals
7674 for Prolog-style synthesis of proven results;
7676 * Pure: assumption method (an implicit finishing) now handles actual
7679 * Pure: improved 'obtain' --- moved to Pure, insert "that" into
7680 initial goal, declare "that" only as Pure intro (only for single
7681 steps); the "that" rule assumption may now be involved in implicit
7682 finishing, thus ".." becomes a feasible for trivial obtains;
7684 * Pure: default proof step now includes 'intro_classes'; thus trivial
7685 instance proofs may be performed by "..";
7687 * Pure: ?thesis / ?this / "..." now work for pure meta-level
7690 * Pure: more robust selection of calculational rules;
7692 * Pure: the builtin notion of 'finished' goal now includes the ==-refl
7693 rule (as well as the assumption rule);
7695 * Pure: 'thm_deps' command visualizes dependencies of theorems and
7696 lemmas, using the graph browser tool;
7698 * Pure: predict failure of "show" in interactive mode;
7700 * Pure: 'thms_containing' now takes actual terms as arguments;
7702 * HOL: improved method 'induct' --- now handles non-atomic goals
7703 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY); tuned error handling;
7705 * HOL: cases and induct rules now provide explicit hints about the
7706 number of facts to be consumed (0 for "type" and 1 for "set" rules);
7707 any remaining facts are inserted into the goal verbatim;
7709 * HOL: local contexts (aka cases) may now contain term bindings as
7710 well; the 'cases' and 'induct' methods new provide a ?case binding for
7711 the result to be shown in each case;
7713 * HOL: added 'recdef_tc' command;
7715 * isatool convert assists in eliminating legacy ML scripts;
7720 * HOL/Library: a collection of generic theories to be used together
7721 with main HOL; the theory loader path already includes this directory
7722 by default; the following existing theories have been moved here:
7723 HOL/Induct/Multiset, HOL/Induct/Acc (as Accessible_Part), HOL/While
7724 (as While_Combinator), HOL/Lex/Prefix (as List_Prefix);
7726 * HOL/Unix: "Some aspects of Unix file-system security", a typical
7727 modelling and verification task performed in Isabelle/HOL +
7728 Isabelle/Isar + Isabelle document preparation (by Markus Wenzel).
7730 * HOL/Algebra: special summation operator SUM no longer exists, it has
7731 been replaced by setsum; infix 'assoc' now has priority 50 (like
7732 'dvd'); axiom 'one_not_zero' has been moved from axclass 'ring' to
7733 'domain', this makes the theory consistent with mathematical
7736 * HOL basics: added overloaded operations "inverse" and "divide"
7737 (infix "/"), syntax for generic "abs" operation, generic summation
7740 * HOL/typedef: simplified package, provide more useful rules (see also
7743 * HOL/datatype: induction rule for arbitrarily branching datatypes is
7744 now expressed as a proper nested rule (old-style tactic scripts may
7745 require atomize_strip_tac to cope with non-atomic premises);
7747 * HOL: renamed theory "Prod" to "Product_Type", renamed "split" rule
7748 to "split_conv" (old name still available for compatibility);
7750 * HOL: improved concrete syntax for strings (e.g. allows translation
7751 rules with string literals);
7753 * HOL-Real-Hyperreal: this extends HOL-Real with the hyperreals
7754 and Fleuriot's mechanization of analysis, including the transcendental
7755 functions for the reals;
7757 * HOL/Real, HOL/Hyperreal: improved arithmetic simplification;
7762 * CTT: x-symbol support for Pi, Sigma, -->, : (membership); note that
7763 "lam" is displayed as TWO lambda-symbols
7765 * CTT: theory Main now available, containing everything (that is, Bool
7771 * Pure: the Simplifier has been implemented properly as a derived rule
7772 outside of the actual kernel (at last!); the overall performance
7773 penalty in practical applications is about 50%, while reliability of
7774 the Isabelle inference kernel has been greatly improved;
7776 * print modes "brackets" and "no_brackets" control output of nested =>
7777 (types) and ==> (props); the default behaviour is "brackets";
7779 * Provers: fast_tac (and friends) now handle actual object-logic rules
7780 as assumptions as well;
7782 * system: support Poly/ML 4.0;
7784 * system: isatool install handles KDE version 1 or 2;
7788 New in Isabelle99-1 (October 2000)
7789 ----------------------------------
7791 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES ***
7793 * HOL: simplification of natural numbers is much changed; to partly
7794 recover the old behaviour (e.g. to prevent n+n rewriting to #2*n)
7795 issue the following ML commands:
7797 Delsimprocs Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.cancel_numerals;
7798 Delsimprocs [Nat_Numeral_Simprocs.combine_numerals];
7800 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions; this is
7801 controlled by "t.weak_case_cong" for each datatype t;
7803 * HOL: nat_less_induct renamed to less_induct;
7805 * HOL: systematic renaming of the SOME (Eps) rules, may use isatool
7806 fixsome to patch .thy and .ML sources automatically;
7808 select_equality -> some_equality
7809 select_eq_Ex -> some_eq_ex
7810 selectI2EX -> someI2_ex
7813 select1_equality -> some1_equality
7814 Eps_sym_eq -> some_sym_eq_trivial
7815 Eps_eq -> some_eq_trivial
7817 * HOL: exhaust_tac on datatypes superceded by new generic case_tac;
7819 * HOL: removed obsolete theorem binding expand_if (refer to split_if
7822 * HOL: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' are now called
7823 f.simps instead of f.rules;
7825 * HOL: qed_spec_mp now also handles bounded ALL as well;
7827 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded, so the type constraint ":: nat" may
7828 sometimes be needed;
7830 * HOL: the constant for "f``x" is now "image" rather than "op ``";
7832 * HOL: the constant for "f-``x" is now "vimage" rather than "op -``";
7834 * HOL: the disjoint sum is now "<+>" instead of "Plus"; the cartesian
7835 product is now "<*>" instead of "Times"; the lexicographic product is
7836 now "<*lex*>" instead of "**";
7838 * HOL: theory Sexp is now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part
7839 of main HOL, but was unused); better use HOL's datatype package;
7841 * HOL: removed "symbols" syntax for constant "override" of theory Map;
7842 the old syntax may be recovered as follows:
7845 override :: "('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b) => ('a ~=> 'b)"
7846 (infixl "\\<oplus>" 100)
7848 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
7850 * HOL/ML: even fewer consts are declared as global (see theories Ord,
7851 Lfp, Gfp, WF); this only affects ML packages that refer to const names
7854 * HOL and ZF: syntax for quotienting wrt an equivalence relation
7855 changed from A/r to A//r;
7857 * ZF: new treatment of arithmetic (nat & int) may break some old
7860 * Isar: renamed some attributes (RS -> THEN, simplify -> simplified,
7861 rulify -> rule_format, elimify -> elim_format, ...);
7863 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
7864 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (in most cases, one
7865 should have to change intro!! to intro? only); replaced "delrule" by
7868 * Isar/HOL: renamed "intrs" to "intros" in inductive definitions;
7870 * Provers: strengthened force_tac by using new first_best_tac;
7872 * LaTeX document preparation: several changes of isabelle.sty (see
7876 *** Document preparation ***
7878 * formal comments (text blocks etc.) in new-style theories may now
7879 contain antiquotations of thm/prop/term/typ/text to be presented
7880 according to latex print mode; concrete syntax is like this:
7881 @{term[show_types] "f(x) = a + x"};
7883 * isatool mkdir provides easy setup of Isabelle session directories,
7884 including proper document sources;
7886 * generated LaTeX sources are now deleted after successful run
7887 (isatool document -c); may retain a copy somewhere else via -D option
7890 * isatool usedir -D now lets isatool latex -o sty update the Isabelle
7891 style files, achieving self-contained LaTeX sources and simplifying
7894 * old-style theories now produce (crude) LaTeX output as well;
7896 * browser info session directories are now self-contained (may be put
7897 on WWW server seperately); improved graphs of nested sessions; removed
7898 graph for 'all sessions';
7900 * several improvements in isabelle style files; \isabellestyle{it}
7901 produces fake math mode output; \isamarkupheader is now \section by
7902 default; see lib/texinputs/isabelle.sty etc.;
7907 * Isar/Pure: local results and corresponding term bindings are now
7908 subject to Hindley-Milner polymorphism (similar to ML); this
7909 accommodates incremental type-inference very nicely;
7911 * Isar/Pure: new derived language element 'obtain' supports
7912 generalized existence reasoning;
7914 * Isar/Pure: new calculational elements 'moreover' and 'ultimately'
7915 support accumulation of results, without applying any rules yet;
7916 useful to collect intermediate results without explicit name
7917 references, and for use with transitivity rules with more than 2
7920 * Isar/Pure: scalable support for case-analysis type proofs: new
7921 'case' language element refers to local contexts symbolically, as
7922 produced by certain proof methods; internally, case names are attached
7923 to theorems as "tags";
7925 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'hide' removes declarations from
7926 class/type/const name spaces;
7928 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'defs' supports option "(overloaded)" to
7929 indicate potential overloading;
7931 * Isar/Pure: changed syntax of local blocks from {{ }} to { };
7933 * Isar/Pure: syntax of sorts made 'inner', i.e. have to write
7934 "{a,b,c}" instead of {a,b,c};
7936 * Isar/Pure now provides its own version of intro/elim/dest
7937 attributes; useful for building new logics, but beware of confusion
7938 with the version in Provers/classical;
7940 * Isar/Pure: the local context of (non-atomic) goals is provided via
7941 case name 'antecedent';
7943 * Isar/Pure: removed obsolete 'transfer' attribute (transfer of thms
7944 to the current context is now done automatically);
7946 * Isar/Pure: theory command 'method_setup' provides a simple interface
7947 for definining proof methods in ML;
7949 * Isar/Provers: intro/elim/dest attributes changed; renamed
7950 intro/intro!/intro!! flags to intro!/intro/intro? (INCOMPATIBILITY, in
7951 most cases, one should have to change intro!! to intro? only);
7952 replaced "delrule" by "rule del";
7954 * Isar/Provers: new 'hypsubst' method, plain 'subst' method and
7955 'symmetric' attribute (the latter supercedes [RS sym]);
7957 * Isar/Provers: splitter support (via 'split' attribute and 'simp'
7958 method modifier); 'simp' method: 'only:' modifier removes loopers as
7959 well (including splits);
7961 * Isar/Provers: Simplifier and Classical methods now support all kind
7962 of modifiers used in the past, including 'cong', 'iff', etc.
7964 * Isar/Provers: added 'fastsimp' and 'clarsimp' methods (combination
7965 of Simplifier and Classical reasoner);
7967 * Isar/HOL: new proof method 'cases' and improved version of 'induct'
7968 now support named cases; major packages (inductive, datatype, primrec,
7969 recdef) support case names and properly name parameters;
7971 * Isar/HOL: new transitivity rules for substitution in inequalities --
7972 monotonicity conditions are extracted to be proven at end of
7975 * Isar/HOL: removed 'case_split' thm binding, should use 'cases' proof
7978 * Isar/HOL: removed old expand_if = split_if; theorems if_splits =
7979 split_if split_if_asm; datatype package provides theorems foo.splits =
7980 foo.split foo.split_asm for each datatype;
7982 * Isar/HOL: tuned inductive package, rename "intrs" to "intros"
7983 (potential INCOMPATIBILITY), emulation of mk_cases feature for proof
7984 scripts: new 'inductive_cases' command and 'ind_cases' method; (Note:
7985 use "(cases (simplified))" method in proper proof texts);
7987 * Isar/HOL: added global 'arith_split' attribute for 'arith' method;
7989 * Isar: names of theorems etc. may be natural numbers as well;
7991 * Isar: 'pr' command: optional arguments for goals_limit and
7992 ProofContext.prems_limit; no longer prints theory contexts, but only
7995 * Isar: diagnostic commands 'pr', 'thm', 'prop', 'term', 'typ' admit
7996 additional print modes to be specified; e.g. "pr(latex)" will print
7997 proof state according to the Isabelle LaTeX style;
7999 * Isar: improved support for emulating tactic scripts, including proof
8000 methods 'rule_tac' etc., 'cut_tac', 'thin_tac', 'subgoal_tac',
8001 'rename_tac', 'rotate_tac', 'tactic', and 'case_tac' / 'induct_tac'
8002 (for HOL datatypes);
8004 * Isar: simplified (more robust) goal selection of proof methods: 1st
8005 goal, all goals, or explicit goal specifier (tactic emulation); thus
8006 'proof method scripts' have to be in depth-first order;
8008 * Isar: tuned 'let' syntax: replaced 'as' keyword by 'and';
8010 * Isar: removed 'help' command, which hasn't been too helpful anyway;
8011 should instead use individual commands for printing items
8012 (print_commands, print_methods etc.);
8014 * Isar: added 'nothing' --- the empty list of theorems;
8019 * HOL/MicroJava: formalization of a fragment of Java, together with a
8020 corresponding virtual machine and a specification of its bytecode
8021 verifier and a lightweight bytecode verifier, including proofs of
8022 type-safety; by Gerwin Klein, Tobias Nipkow, David von Oheimb, and
8023 Cornelia Pusch (see also the homepage of project Bali at
8024 http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Bali/);
8026 * HOL/Algebra: new theory of rings and univariate polynomials, by
8029 * HOL/NumberTheory: fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Chinese
8030 Remainder Theorem, Fermat/Euler Theorem, Wilson's Theorem, by Thomas M
8033 * HOL/Lattice: fundamental concepts of lattice theory and order
8034 structures, including duals, properties of bounds versus algebraic
8035 laws, lattice operations versus set-theoretic ones, the Knaster-Tarski
8036 Theorem for complete lattices etc.; may also serve as a demonstration
8037 for abstract algebraic reasoning using axiomatic type classes, and
8038 mathematics-style proof in Isabelle/Isar; by Markus Wenzel;
8040 * HOL/Prolog: a (bare-bones) implementation of Lambda-Prolog, by David
8043 * HOL/IMPP: extension of IMP with local variables and mutually
8044 recursive procedures, by David von Oheimb;
8046 * HOL/Lambda: converted into new-style theory and document;
8048 * HOL/ex/Multiquote: example of multiple nested quotations and
8049 anti-quotations -- basically a generalized version of de-Bruijn
8050 representation; very useful in avoiding lifting of operations;
8052 * HOL/record: added general record equality rule to simpset; fixed
8053 select-update simplification procedure to handle extended records as
8054 well; admit "r" as field name;
8056 * HOL: 0 is now overloaded over the new sort "zero", allowing its use with
8057 other numeric types and also as the identity of groups, rings, etc.;
8059 * HOL: new axclass plus_ac0 for addition with the AC-laws and 0 as identity.
8060 Types nat and int belong to this axclass;
8062 * HOL: greatly improved simplification involving numerals of type nat, int, real:
8063 (i + #8 + j) = Suc k simplifies to #7 + (i + j) = k
8064 i*j + k + j*#3*i simplifies to #4*(i*j) + k
8065 two terms #m*u and #n*u are replaced by #(m+n)*u
8066 (where #m, #n and u can implicitly be 1; this is simproc combine_numerals)
8067 and the term/formula #m*u+x ~~ #n*u+y simplifies simplifies to #(m-n)+x ~~ y
8068 or x ~~ #(n-m)+y, where ~~ is one of = < <= or - (simproc cancel_numerals);
8070 * HOL: meson_tac is available (previously in ex/meson.ML); it is a
8071 powerful prover for predicate logic but knows nothing of clasets; see
8072 ex/mesontest.ML and ex/mesontest2.ML for example applications;
8074 * HOL: new version of "case_tac" subsumes both boolean case split and
8075 "exhaust_tac" on datatypes; INCOMPATIBILITY: exhaust_tac no longer
8076 exists, may define val exhaust_tac = case_tac for ad-hoc portability;
8078 * HOL: simplification no longer dives into case-expressions: only the
8079 selector expression is simplified, but not the remaining arms; to
8080 enable full simplification of case-expressions for datatype t, you may
8081 remove t.weak_case_cong from the simpset, either globally (Delcongs
8082 [thm"t.weak_case_cong"];) or locally (delcongs [...]).
8084 * HOL/recdef: the recursion equations generated by 'recdef' for
8085 function 'f' are now called f.simps instead of f.rules; if all
8086 termination conditions are proved automatically, these simplification
8087 rules are added to the simpset, as in primrec; rules may be named
8088 individually as well, resulting in a separate list of theorems for
8091 * HOL/While is a new theory that provides a while-combinator. It
8092 permits the definition of tail-recursive functions without the
8093 provision of a termination measure. The latter is necessary once the
8094 invariant proof rule for while is applied.
8096 * HOL: new (overloaded) notation for the set of elements below/above
8097 some element: {..u}, {..u(}, {l..}, {)l..}. See theory SetInterval.
8099 * HOL: theorems impI, allI, ballI bound as "strip";
8101 * HOL: new tactic induct_thm_tac: thm -> string -> int -> tactic
8102 induct_tac th "x1 ... xn" expects th to have a conclusion of the form
8103 P v1 ... vn and abbreviates res_inst_tac [("v1","x1"),...,("vn","xn")] th;
8105 * HOL/Real: "rabs" replaced by overloaded "abs" function;
8107 * HOL: theory Sexp now in HOL/Induct examples (it used to be part of
8108 main HOL, but was unused);
8110 * HOL: fewer consts declared as global (e.g. have to refer to
8111 "Lfp.lfp" instead of "lfp" internally; affects ML packages only);
8113 * HOL: tuned AST representation of nested pairs, avoiding bogus output
8114 in case of overlap with user translations (e.g. judgements over
8115 tuples); (note that the underlying logical represenation is still
8121 * ZF: simplification automatically cancels common terms in arithmetic
8122 expressions over nat and int;
8124 * ZF: new treatment of nat to minimize type-checking: all operators
8125 coerce their operands to a natural number using the function natify,
8126 making the algebraic laws unconditional;
8128 * ZF: as above, for int: operators coerce their operands to an integer
8129 using the function intify;
8131 * ZF: the integer library now contains many of the usual laws for the
8132 orderings, including $<=, and monotonicity laws for $+ and $*;
8134 * ZF: new example ZF/ex/NatSum to demonstrate integer arithmetic
8137 * FOL and ZF: AddIffs now available, giving theorems of the form P<->Q
8138 to the simplifier and classical reasoner simultaneously;
8143 * Provers: blast_tac now handles actual object-logic rules as
8144 assumptions; note that auto_tac uses blast_tac internally as well;
8146 * Provers: new functions rulify/rulify_no_asm: thm -> thm for turning
8147 outer -->/All/Ball into ==>/!!; qed_spec_mp now uses rulify_no_asm;
8149 * Provers: delrules now handles destruct rules as well (no longer need
8150 explicit make_elim);
8152 * Provers: Blast_tac now warns of and ignores "weak elimination rules" e.g.
8153 [| inj ?f; ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
8154 use instead the strong form,
8155 [| inj ?f; ~ ?W ==> ?f ?x = ?f ?y; ?x = ?y ==> ?W |] ==> ?W
8156 in HOL, FOL and ZF the function cla_make_elim will create such rules
8157 from destruct-rules;
8159 * Provers: Simplifier.easy_setup provides a fast path to basic
8160 Simplifier setup for new object-logics;
8162 * Pure: AST translation rules no longer require constant head on LHS;
8164 * Pure: improved name spaces: ambiguous output is qualified; support
8165 for hiding of names;
8167 * system: smart setup of canonical ML_HOME, ISABELLE_INTERFACE, and
8168 XSYMBOL_HOME; no longer need to do manual configuration in most
8171 * system: compression of ML heaps images may now be controlled via -c
8172 option of isabelle and isatool usedir (currently only observed by
8175 * system: isatool installfonts may handle X-Symbol fonts as well (very
8176 useful for remote X11);
8178 * system: provide TAGS file for Isabelle sources;
8180 * ML: infix 'OF' is a version of 'MRS' with more appropriate argument
8183 * ML: renamed flags Syntax.trace_norm_ast to Syntax.trace_ast; global
8184 timing flag supersedes proof_timing and Toplevel.trace;
8186 * ML: new combinators |>> and |>>> for incremental transformations
8187 with secondary results (e.g. certain theory extensions):
8189 * ML: PureThy.add_defs gets additional argument to indicate potential
8190 overloading (usually false);
8192 * ML: PureThy.add_thms/add_axioms/add_defs now return theorems as
8197 New in Isabelle99 (October 1999)
8198 --------------------------------
8200 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
8202 * HOL: The THEN and ELSE parts of conditional expressions (if P then x else y)
8203 are no longer simplified. (This allows the simplifier to unfold recursive
8204 functional programs.) To restore the old behaviour, declare
8206 Delcongs [if_weak_cong];
8208 * HOL: Removed the obsolete syntax "Compl A"; use -A for set
8211 * HOL: the predicate "inj" is now defined by translation to "inj_on";
8213 * HOL/datatype: mutual_induct_tac no longer exists --
8214 use induct_tac "x_1 ... x_n" instead of mutual_induct_tac ["x_1", ..., "x_n"]
8216 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
8217 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
8219 * ZF: The con_defs part of an inductive definition may no longer refer
8220 to constants declared in the same theory;
8222 * HOL, ZF: the function mk_cases, generated by the inductive
8223 definition package, has lost an argument. To simplify its result, it
8224 uses the default simpset instead of a supplied list of theorems.
8226 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
8228 * Simplifier: the type of the infix ML functions
8229 setSSolver addSSolver setSolver addSolver
8230 is now simpset * solver -> simpset where `solver' is a new abstract type
8231 for packaging solvers. A solver is created via
8232 mk_solver: string -> (thm list -> int -> tactic) -> solver
8233 where the string argument is only a comment.
8238 * Provers/Arith/fast_lin_arith.ML contains a functor for creating a
8239 decision procedure for linear arithmetic. Currently it is used for
8240 types `nat', `int', and `real' in HOL (see below); it can, should and
8241 will be instantiated for other types and logics as well.
8243 * The simplifier now accepts rewrite rules with flexible heads, eg
8244 hom ?f ==> ?f(?x+?y) = ?f ?x + ?f ?y
8245 They are applied like any rule with a non-pattern lhs, i.e. by first-order
8251 * New Isabelle/Isar subsystem provides an alternative to traditional
8252 tactical theorem proving; together with the ProofGeneral/isar user
8253 interface it offers an interactive environment for developing human
8254 readable proof documents (Isar == Intelligible semi-automated
8255 reasoning); for further information see isatool doc isar-ref,
8256 src/HOL/Isar_examples and http://isabelle.in.tum.de/Isar/
8258 * improved and simplified presentation of theories: better HTML markup
8259 (including colors), graph views in several sizes; isatool usedir now
8260 provides a proper interface for user theories (via -P option); actual
8261 document preparation based on (PDF)LaTeX is available as well (for
8262 new-style theories only); see isatool doc system for more information;
8264 * native support for Proof General, both for classic Isabelle and
8267 * ML function thm_deps visualizes dependencies of theorems and lemmas,
8268 using the graph browser tool;
8270 * Isabelle manuals now also available as PDF;
8272 * theory loader rewritten from scratch (may not be fully
8273 bug-compatible); old loadpath variable has been replaced by show_path,
8274 add_path, del_path, reset_path functions; new operations such as
8275 update_thy, touch_thy, remove_thy, use/update_thy_only (see also
8278 * improved isatool install: option -k creates KDE application icon,
8279 option -p DIR installs standalone binaries;
8281 * added ML_PLATFORM setting (useful for cross-platform installations);
8282 more robust handling of platform specific ML images for SML/NJ;
8284 * the settings environment is now statically scoped, i.e. it is never
8285 created again in sub-processes invoked from isabelle, isatool, or
8288 * path element specification '~~' refers to '$ISABELLE_HOME';
8290 * in locales, the "assumes" and "defines" parts may be omitted if
8293 * new print_mode "xsymbols" for extended symbol support (e.g. genuine
8296 * new print_mode "HTML";
8298 * new flag show_tags controls display of tags of theorems (which are
8299 basically just comments that may be attached by some tools);
8301 * Isamode 2.6 requires patch to accomodate change of Isabelle font
8302 mode and goal output format:
8304 diff -r Isamode-2.6/elisp/isa-load.el Isamode/elisp/isa-load.el
8306 < (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-msymbols" logic-name)
8308 > (list (isa-getenv "ISABELLE") "-misabelle_font" "-msymbols" logic-name)
8309 diff -r Isabelle-2.6/elisp/isa-proofstate.el Isamode/elisp/isa-proofstate.el
8311 < (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+$"
8313 > (defconst proofstate-proofstart-regexp "^Level [0-9]+"
8315 * function bind_thms stores lists of theorems (cf. bind_thm);
8317 * new shorthand tactics ftac, eatac, datac, fatac;
8319 * qed (and friends) now accept "" as result name; in that case the
8320 theorem is not stored, but proper checks and presentation of the
8323 * theorem database now also indexes constants "Trueprop", "all",
8324 "==>", "=="; thus thms_containing, findI etc. may retrieve more rules;
8329 ** HOL arithmetic **
8331 * There are now decision procedures for linear arithmetic over nat and
8334 1. arith_tac copes with arbitrary formulae involving `=', `<', `<=',
8335 `+', `-', `Suc', `min', `max' and numerical constants; other subterms
8336 are treated as atomic; subformulae not involving type `nat' or `int'
8337 are ignored; quantified subformulae are ignored unless they are
8338 positive universal or negative existential. The tactic has to be
8339 invoked by hand and can be a little bit slow. In particular, the
8340 running time is exponential in the number of occurrences of `min' and
8341 `max', and `-' on `nat'.
8343 2. fast_arith_tac is a cut-down version of arith_tac: it only takes
8344 (negated) (in)equalities among the premises and the conclusion into
8345 account (i.e. no compound formulae) and does not know about `min' and
8346 `max', and `-' on `nat'. It is fast and is used automatically by the
8349 NB: At the moment, these decision procedures do not cope with mixed
8350 nat/int formulae where the two parts interact, such as `m < n ==>
8353 * HOL/Numeral provides a generic theory of numerals (encoded
8354 efficiently as bit strings); setup for types nat/int/real is in place;
8355 INCOMPATIBILITY: since numeral syntax is now polymorphic, rather than
8356 int, existing theories and proof scripts may require a few additional
8359 * integer division and remainder can now be performed on constant
8362 * many properties of integer multiplication, division and remainder
8365 * An interface to the Stanford Validity Checker (SVC) is available through the
8366 tactic svc_tac. Propositional tautologies and theorems of linear arithmetic
8367 are proved automatically. SVC must be installed separately, and its results
8368 must be TAKEN ON TRUST (Isabelle does not check the proofs, but tags any
8369 invocation of the underlying oracle). For SVC see
8370 http://verify.stanford.edu/SVC
8372 * IsaMakefile: the HOL-Real target now builds an actual image;
8377 * HOL/Real/HahnBanach: the Hahn-Banach theorem for real vector spaces
8378 (in Isabelle/Isar) -- by Gertrud Bauer;
8380 * HOL/BCV: generic model of bytecode verification, i.e. data-flow
8381 analysis for assembly languages with subtypes;
8383 * HOL/TLA (Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions): major reorganization
8384 -- avoids syntactic ambiguities and treats state, transition, and
8385 temporal levels more uniformly; introduces INCOMPATIBILITIES due to
8386 changed syntax and (many) tactics;
8388 * HOL/inductive: Now also handles more general introduction rules such
8389 as "ALL y. (y, x) : r --> y : acc r ==> x : acc r"; monotonicity
8390 theorems are now maintained within the theory (maintained via the
8393 * HOL/datatype: Now also handles arbitrarily branching datatypes
8394 (using function types) such as
8396 datatype 'a tree = Atom 'a | Branch "nat => 'a tree"
8398 * HOL/record: record_simproc (part of the default simpset) takes care
8399 of selectors applied to updated records; record_split_tac is no longer
8400 part of the default claset; update_defs may now be removed from the
8401 simpset in many cases; COMPATIBILITY: old behavior achieved by
8403 claset_ref () := claset() addSWrapper record_split_wrapper;
8404 Delsimprocs [record_simproc]
8406 * HOL/typedef: fixed type inference for representing set; type
8407 arguments now have to occur explicitly on the rhs as type constraints;
8409 * HOL/recdef (TFL): 'congs' syntax now expects comma separated list of theorem
8410 names rather than an ML expression;
8412 * HOL/defer_recdef (TFL): like recdef but the well-founded relation can be
8413 supplied later. Program schemes can be defined, such as
8414 "While B C s = (if B s then While B C (C s) else s)"
8415 where the well-founded relation can be chosen after B and C have been given.
8417 * HOL/List: the constructors of type list are now Nil and Cons;
8418 INCOMPATIBILITY: while [] and infix # syntax is still there, of
8419 course, ML tools referring to List.list.op # etc. have to be adapted;
8421 * HOL_quantifiers flag superseded by "HOL" print mode, which is
8422 disabled by default; run isabelle with option -m HOL to get back to
8423 the original Gordon/HOL-style output;
8425 * HOL/Ord.thy: new bounded quantifier syntax (input only): ALL x<y. P,
8426 ALL x<=y. P, EX x<y. P, EX x<=y. P;
8428 * HOL basic syntax simplified (more orthogonal): all variants of
8429 All/Ex now support plain / symbolic / HOL notation; plain syntax for
8430 Eps operator is provided as well: "SOME x. P[x]";
8432 * HOL/Sum.thy: sum_case has been moved to HOL/Datatype;
8434 * HOL/Univ.thy: infix syntax <*>, <+>, <**>, <+> eliminated and made
8435 thus available for user theories;
8437 * HOLCF/IOA/Sequents: renamed 'Cons' to 'Consq' to avoid clash with
8438 HOL/List; hardly an INCOMPATIBILITY since '>>' syntax is used all the
8441 * HOL: new tactic smp_tac: int -> int -> tactic, which applies spec
8442 several times and then mp;
8447 * the notation <<...>> is now available as a notation for sequences of
8450 * the simplifier is now installed
8452 * the axiom system has been generalized (thanks to Soren Heilmann)
8454 * the classical reasoner now has a default rule database
8459 * new primrec section allows primitive recursive functions to be given
8460 directly (as in HOL) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
8462 * new tactics induct_tac and exhaust_tac for induction (or case
8463 analysis) over datatypes and the natural numbers;
8465 * the datatype declaration of type T now defines the recursor T_rec;
8467 * simplification automatically does freeness reasoning for datatype
8470 * automatic type-inference, with AddTCs command to insert new
8471 type-checking rules;
8473 * datatype introduction rules are now added as Safe Introduction rules
8476 * the syntax "if P then x else y" is now available in addition to
8480 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
8482 * tuned simplifier trace output; new flag debug_simp;
8484 * structures Vartab / Termtab (instances of TableFun) offer efficient
8485 tables indexed by indexname_ord / term_ord (compatible with aconv);
8487 * AxClass.axclass_tac lost the theory argument;
8489 * tuned current_goals_markers semantics: begin / end goal avoids
8490 printing empty lines;
8492 * removed prs and prs_fn hook, which was broken because it did not
8493 include \n in its semantics, forcing writeln to add one
8494 uncoditionally; replaced prs_fn by writeln_fn; consider std_output:
8495 string -> unit if you really want to output text without newline;
8497 * Symbol.output subject to print mode; INCOMPATIBILITY: defaults to
8498 plain output, interface builders may have to enable 'isabelle_font'
8499 mode to get Isabelle font glyphs as before;
8501 * refined token_translation interface; INCOMPATIBILITY: output length
8502 now of type real instead of int;
8504 * theory loader actions may be traced via new ThyInfo.add_hook
8505 interface (see src/Pure/Thy/thy_info.ML); example application: keep
8506 your own database of information attached to *whole* theories -- as
8507 opposed to intra-theory data slots offered via TheoryDataFun;
8509 * proper handling of dangling sort hypotheses (at last!);
8510 Thm.strip_shyps and Drule.strip_shyps_warning take care of removing
8511 extra sort hypotheses that can be witnessed from the type signature;
8512 the force_strip_shyps flag is gone, any remaining shyps are simply
8513 left in the theorem (with a warning issued by strip_shyps_warning);
8517 New in Isabelle98-1 (October 1998)
8518 ----------------------------------
8520 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
8522 * several changes of automated proof tools;
8524 * HOL: major changes to the inductive and datatype packages, including
8525 some minor incompatibilities of theory syntax;
8527 * HOL: renamed r^-1 to 'converse' from 'inverse'; 'inj_onto' is now
8530 * HOL: removed duplicate thms in Arith:
8531 less_imp_add_less should be replaced by trans_less_add1
8532 le_imp_add_le should be replaced by trans_le_add1
8534 * HOL: unary minus is now overloaded (new type constraints may be
8537 * HOL and ZF: unary minus for integers is now #- instead of #~. In
8538 ZF, expressions such as n#-1 must be changed to n#- 1, since #-1 is
8539 now taken as an integer constant.
8541 * Pure: ML function 'theory_of' renamed to 'theory';
8547 1. Asm_full_simp_tac is now more aggressive.
8548 1. It will sometimes reorient premises if that increases their power to
8550 2. It does no longer proceed strictly from left to right but may also
8551 rotate premises to achieve further simplification.
8552 For compatibility reasons there is now Asm_lr_simp_tac which is like the
8553 old Asm_full_simp_tac in that it does not rotate premises.
8554 2. The simplifier now knows a little bit about nat-arithmetic.
8556 * Classical reasoner: wrapper mechanism for the classical reasoner now
8557 allows for selected deletion of wrappers, by introduction of names for
8558 wrapper functionals. This implies that addbefore, addSbefore,
8559 addaltern, and addSaltern now take a pair (name, tactic) as argument,
8560 and that adding two tactics with the same name overwrites the first
8561 one (emitting a warning).
8562 type wrapper = (int -> tactic) -> (int -> tactic)
8563 setWrapper, setSWrapper, compWrapper and compSWrapper are replaced by
8564 addWrapper, addSWrapper: claset * (string * wrapper) -> claset
8565 delWrapper, delSWrapper: claset * string -> claset
8566 getWrapper is renamed to appWrappers, getSWrapper to appSWrappers;
8568 * Classical reasoner: addbefore/addSbefore now have APPEND/ORELSE
8569 semantics; addbefore now affects only the unsafe part of step_tac
8570 etc.; this affects addss/auto_tac/force_tac, so EXISTING PROOFS MAY
8571 FAIL, but proofs should be fixable easily, e.g. by replacing Auto_tac
8574 * Classical reasoner: setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to
8575 compWrapper; added safe wrapper (and access functions for it);
8577 * HOL/split_all_tac is now much faster and fails if there is nothing
8578 to split. Some EXISTING PROOFS MAY REQUIRE ADAPTION because the order
8579 and the names of the automatically generated variables have changed.
8580 split_all_tac has moved within claset() from unsafe wrappers to safe
8581 wrappers, which means that !!-bound variables are split much more
8582 aggressively, and safe_tac and clarify_tac now split such variables.
8583 If this splitting is not appropriate, use delSWrapper "split_all_tac".
8584 Note: the same holds for record_split_tac, which does the job of
8585 split_all_tac for record fields.
8587 * HOL/Simplifier: Rewrite rules for case distinctions can now be added
8588 permanently to the default simpset using Addsplits just like
8589 Addsimps. They can be removed via Delsplits just like
8590 Delsimps. Lower-case versions are also available.
8592 * HOL/Simplifier: The rule split_if is now part of the default
8593 simpset. This means that the simplifier will eliminate all occurrences
8594 of if-then-else in the conclusion of a goal. To prevent this, you can
8595 either remove split_if completely from the default simpset by
8596 `Delsplits [split_if]' or remove it in a specific call of the
8597 simplifier using `... delsplits [split_if]'. You can also add/delete
8598 other case splitting rules to/from the default simpset: every datatype
8599 generates suitable rules `split_t_case' and `split_t_case_asm' (where
8600 t is the name of the datatype).
8602 * Classical reasoner / Simplifier combination: new force_tac (and
8603 derivatives Force_tac, force) combines rewriting and classical
8604 reasoning (and whatever other tools) similarly to auto_tac, but is
8605 aimed to solve the given subgoal completely.
8610 * new top-level commands `Goal' and `Goalw' that improve upon `goal'
8611 and `goalw': the theory is no longer needed as an explicit argument -
8612 the current theory context is used; assumptions are no longer returned
8613 at the ML-level unless one of them starts with ==> or !!; it is
8614 recommended to convert to these new commands using isatool fixgoal
8615 (backup your sources first!);
8617 * new top-level commands 'thm' and 'thms' for retrieving theorems from
8618 the current theory context, and 'theory' to lookup stored theories;
8620 * new theory section 'locale' for declaring constants, assumptions and
8621 definitions that have local scope;
8623 * new theory section 'nonterminals' for purely syntactic types;
8625 * new theory section 'setup' for generic ML setup functions
8626 (e.g. package initialization);
8628 * the distribution now includes Isabelle icons: see
8629 lib/logo/isabelle-{small,tiny}.xpm;
8631 * isatool install - install binaries with absolute references to
8634 * isatool logo -- create instances of the Isabelle logo (as EPS);
8636 * print mode 'emacs' reserved for Isamode;
8638 * support multiple print (ast) translations per constant name;
8640 * theorems involving oracles are now printed with a suffixed [!];
8645 * there is now a tutorial on Isabelle/HOL (do 'isatool doc tutorial');
8647 * HOL/inductive package reorganized and improved: now supports mutual
8653 oddI "n : EVEN ==> Suc n : ODD"
8654 evenI "n : ODD ==> Suc n : EVEN"
8656 new theorem list "elims" contains an elimination rule for each of the
8657 recursive sets; inductive definitions now handle disjunctive premises
8658 correctly (also ZF);
8660 INCOMPATIBILITIES: requires Inductive as an ancestor; component
8661 "mutual_induct" no longer exists - the induction rule is always
8662 contained in "induct";
8665 * HOL/datatype package re-implemented and greatly improved: now
8666 supports mutually recursive datatypes such as
8669 'a aexp = IF_THEN_ELSE ('a bexp) ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
8670 | SUM ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
8671 | DIFF ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
8674 'a bexp = LESS ('a aexp) ('a aexp)
8675 | AND ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
8676 | OR ('a bexp) ('a bexp)
8678 as well as indirectly recursive datatypes such as
8681 ('a, 'b) term = Var 'a
8682 | App 'b ((('a, 'b) term) list)
8684 The new tactic mutual_induct_tac [<var_1>, ..., <var_n>] i performs
8685 induction on mutually / indirectly recursive datatypes.
8687 Primrec equations are now stored in theory and can be accessed via
8688 <function_name>.simps.
8692 - Theories using datatypes must now have theory Datatype as an
8694 - The specific <typename>.induct_tac no longer exists - use the
8695 generic induct_tac instead.
8696 - natE has been renamed to nat.exhaust - use exhaust_tac
8697 instead of res_inst_tac ... natE. Note that the variable
8698 names in nat.exhaust differ from the names in natE, this
8699 may cause some "fragile" proofs to fail.
8700 - The theorems split_<typename>_case and split_<typename>_case_asm
8701 have been renamed to <typename>.split and <typename>.split_asm.
8702 - Since default sorts of type variables are now handled correctly,
8703 some datatype definitions may have to be annotated with explicit
8705 - Primrec definitions no longer require function name and type
8706 of recursive argument.
8708 Consider using isatool fixdatatype to adapt your theories and proof
8709 scripts to the new package (backup your sources first!).
8712 * HOL/record package: considerably improved implementation; now
8713 includes concrete syntax for record types, terms, updates; theorems
8714 for surjective pairing and splitting !!-bound record variables; proof
8715 support is as follows:
8717 1) standard conversions (selectors or updates applied to record
8718 constructor terms) are part of the standard simpset;
8720 2) inject equations of the form ((x, y) = (x', y')) == x=x' & y=y' are
8721 made part of standard simpset and claset via addIffs;
8723 3) a tactic for record field splitting (record_split_tac) is part of
8724 the standard claset (addSWrapper);
8726 To get a better idea about these rules you may retrieve them via
8727 something like 'thms "foo.simps"' or 'thms "foo.iffs"', where "foo" is
8728 the name of your record type.
8730 The split tactic 3) conceptually simplifies by the following rule:
8732 "(!!x. PROP ?P x) == (!!a b. PROP ?P (a, b))"
8734 Thus any record variable that is bound by meta-all will automatically
8735 blow up into some record constructor term, consequently the
8736 simplifications of 1), 2) apply. Thus force_tac, auto_tac etc. shall
8737 solve record problems automatically.
8740 * reorganized the main HOL image: HOL/Integ and String loaded by
8741 default; theory Main includes everything;
8743 * automatic simplification of integer sums and comparisons, using cancellation;
8745 * added option_map_eq_Some and not_Some_eq to the default simpset and claset;
8747 * added disj_not1 = "(~P | Q) = (P --> Q)" to the default simpset;
8749 * many new identities for unions, intersections, set difference, etc.;
8751 * expand_if, expand_split, expand_sum_case and expand_nat_case are now
8752 called split_if, split_split, split_sum_case and split_nat_case (to go
8753 with add/delsplits);
8755 * HOL/Prod introduces simplification procedure unit_eq_proc rewriting
8756 (?x::unit) = (); this is made part of the default simpset, which COULD
8757 MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL under rare circumstances (consider
8758 'Delsimprocs [unit_eq_proc];' as last resort); also note that
8759 unit_abs_eta_conv is added in order to counter the effect of
8760 unit_eq_proc on (%u::unit. f u), replacing it by f rather than by
8763 * HOL/Fun INCOMPATIBILITY: `inj_onto' is now called `inj_on' (which
8766 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
8767 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
8768 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
8770 * HOL/Relation INCOMPATIBILITY: renamed the relational operator r^-1
8771 to 'converse' from 'inverse' (for compatibility with ZF and some
8774 * HOL/recdef can now declare non-recursive functions, with {} supplied as
8775 the well-founded relation;
8777 * HOL/Set INCOMPATIBILITY: the complement of set A is now written -A instead of
8778 Compl A. The "Compl" syntax remains available as input syntax for this
8781 * HOL/Update: new theory of function updates:
8782 f(a:=b) == %x. if x=a then b else f x
8783 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
8785 * HOL/Vimage: new theory for inverse image of a function, syntax f-``B;
8788 - new function list_update written xs[i:=v] that updates the i-th
8789 list position. May also be iterated as in xs[i:=a,j:=b,...].
8790 - new function `upt' written [i..j(] which generates the list
8791 [i,i+1,...,j-1], i.e. the upper bound is excluded. To include the upper
8792 bound write [i..j], which is a shorthand for [i..j+1(].
8793 - new lexicographic orderings and corresponding wellfoundedness theorems.
8796 - removed 'pred' (predecessor) function;
8797 - generalized some theorems about n-1;
8798 - many new laws about "div" and "mod";
8799 - new laws about greatest common divisors (see theory ex/Primes);
8801 * HOL/Relation: renamed the relational operator r^-1 "converse"
8802 instead of "inverse";
8804 * HOL/Induct/Multiset: a theory of multisets, including the wellfoundedness
8805 of the multiset ordering;
8807 * directory HOL/Real: a construction of the reals using Dedekind cuts
8808 (not included by default);
8810 * directory HOL/UNITY: Chandy and Misra's UNITY formalism;
8812 * directory HOL/Hoare: a new version of Hoare logic which permits many-sorted
8813 programs, i.e. different program variables may have different types.
8815 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
8816 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
8817 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
8822 * theory Main includes everything; INCOMPATIBILITY: theory ZF.thy contains
8823 only the theorems proved on ZF.ML;
8825 * ZF INCOMPATIBILITY: rule `equals0D' is now a well-formed destruct rule;
8826 It and 'sym RS equals0D' are now in the default claset, giving automatic
8827 disjointness reasoning but breaking a few old proofs.
8829 * ZF/Update: new theory of function updates
8830 with default rewrite rule f(x:=y) ` z = if(z=x, y, f`z)
8831 may also be iterated as in f(a:=b,c:=d,...);
8833 * in let x=t in u(x), neither t nor u(x) has to be an FOL term.
8835 * calling (stac rew i) now fails if "rew" has no effect on the goal
8836 [previously, this check worked only if the rewrite rule was unconditional]
8837 Now rew can involve either definitions or equalities (either == or =).
8839 * case_tac provided for compatibility with HOL
8840 (like the old excluded_middle_tac, but with subgoals swapped)
8843 *** Internal programming interfaces ***
8845 * Pure: several new basic modules made available for general use, see
8846 also src/Pure/README;
8848 * improved the theory data mechanism to support encapsulation (data
8849 kind name replaced by private Object.kind, acting as authorization
8850 key); new type-safe user interface via functor TheoryDataFun; generic
8851 print_data function becomes basically useless;
8853 * removed global_names compatibility flag -- all theory declarations
8854 are qualified by default;
8856 * module Pure/Syntax now offers quote / antiquote translation
8857 functions (useful for Hoare logic etc. with implicit dependencies);
8858 see HOL/ex/Antiquote for an example use;
8860 * Simplifier now offers conversions (asm_)(full_)rewrite: simpset ->
8863 * new tactical CHANGED_GOAL for checking that a tactic modifies a
8866 * Display.print_goals function moved to Locale.print_goals;
8868 * standard print function for goals supports current_goals_markers
8869 variable for marking begin of proof, end of proof, start of goal; the
8870 default is ("", "", ""); setting current_goals_markers := ("<proof>",
8871 "</proof>", "<goal>") causes SGML like tagged proof state printing,
8876 New in Isabelle98 (January 1998)
8877 --------------------------------
8879 *** Overview of INCOMPATIBILITIES (see below for more details) ***
8881 * changed lexical syntax of terms / types: dots made part of long
8882 identifiers, e.g. "%x.x" no longer possible, should be "%x. x";
8884 * simpset (and claset) reference variable replaced by functions
8885 simpset / simpset_ref;
8887 * no longer supports theory aliases (via merge) and non-trivial
8888 implicit merge of thms' signatures;
8890 * most internal names of constants changed due to qualified names;
8892 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML);
8895 *** General Changes ***
8897 * hierachically structured name spaces (for consts, types, axms, thms
8898 etc.); new lexical class 'longid' (e.g. Foo.bar.x) may render much of
8899 old input syntactically incorrect (e.g. "%x.x"); COMPATIBILITY:
8900 isatool fixdots ensures space after dots (e.g. "%x. x"); set
8901 long_names for fully qualified output names; NOTE: ML programs
8902 (special tactics, packages etc.) referring to internal names may have
8903 to be adapted to cope with fully qualified names; in case of severe
8904 backward campatibility problems try setting 'global_names' at compile
8905 time to have enrything declared within a flat name space; one may also
8906 fine tune name declarations in theories via the 'global' and 'local'
8909 * reimplemented the implicit simpset and claset using the new anytype
8910 data filed in signatures; references simpset:simpset ref etc. are
8911 replaced by functions simpset:unit->simpset and
8912 simpset_ref:unit->simpset ref; COMPATIBILITY: use isatool fixclasimp
8913 to patch your ML files accordingly;
8915 * HTML output now includes theory graph data for display with Java
8916 applet or isatool browser; data generated automatically via isatool
8917 usedir (see -i option, ISABELLE_USEDIR_OPTIONS);
8919 * defs may now be conditional; improved rewrite_goals_tac to handle
8920 conditional equations;
8922 * defs now admits additional type arguments, using TYPE('a) syntax;
8924 * theory aliases via merge (e.g. M=A+B+C) no longer supported, always
8925 creates a new theory node; implicit merge of thms' signatures is
8926 restricted to 'trivial' ones; COMPATIBILITY: one may have to use
8927 transfer:theory->thm->thm in (rare) cases;
8929 * improved handling of draft signatures / theories; draft thms (and
8930 ctyps, cterms) are automatically promoted to real ones;
8932 * slightly changed interfaces for oracles: admit many per theory, named
8933 (e.g. oracle foo = mlfun), additional name argument for invoke_oracle;
8935 * print_goals: optional output of const types (set show_consts and
8938 * improved output of warnings (###) and errors (***);
8940 * subgoal_tac displays a warning if the new subgoal has type variables;
8942 * removed old README and Makefiles;
8944 * replaced print_goals_ref hook by print_current_goals_fn and result_error_fn;
8946 * removed obsolete init_pps and init_database;
8948 * deleted the obsolete tactical STATE, which was declared by
8949 fun STATE tacfun st = tacfun st st;
8951 * cd and use now support path variables, e.g. $ISABELLE_HOME, or ~
8952 (which abbreviates $HOME);
8954 * changed Pure/Sequence interface (see Pure/seq.ML); COMPATIBILITY:
8955 use isatool fixseq to adapt your ML programs (this works for fully
8956 qualified references to the Sequence structure only!);
8958 * use_thy no longer requires writable current directory; it always
8959 reloads .ML *and* .thy file, if either one is out of date;
8962 *** Classical Reasoner ***
8964 * Clarify_tac, clarify_tac, clarify_step_tac, Clarify_step_tac: new
8965 tactics that use classical reasoning to simplify a subgoal without
8966 splitting it into several subgoals;
8968 * Safe_tac: like safe_tac but uses the default claset;
8973 * added simplification meta rules:
8974 (asm_)(full_)simplify: simpset -> thm -> thm;
8976 * simplifier.ML no longer part of Pure -- has to be loaded by object
8979 * added prems argument to simplification procedures;
8981 * HOL, FOL, ZF: added infix function `addsplits':
8982 instead of `<simpset> setloop (split_tac <thms>)'
8983 you can simply write `<simpset> addsplits <thms>'
8988 * TYPE('a) syntax for type reflection terms;
8990 * no longer handles consts with name "" -- declare as 'syntax' instead;
8992 * pretty printer: changed order of mixfix annotation preference (again!);
8994 * Pure: fixed idt/idts vs. pttrn/pttrns syntactic categories;
8999 * HOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
9000 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
9002 * HOL/TLA: Stephan Merz's formalization of Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions;
9004 * HOL/Auth: new protocol proofs including some for the Internet
9007 * HOL/Map: new theory of `maps' a la VDM;
9009 * HOL/simplifier: simplification procedures nat_cancel_sums for
9010 cancelling out common nat summands from =, <, <= (in)equalities, or
9011 differences; simplification procedures nat_cancel_factor for
9012 cancelling common factor from =, <, <= (in)equalities over natural
9013 sums; nat_cancel contains both kinds of procedures, it is installed by
9014 default in Arith.thy -- this COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS FAIL;
9016 * HOL/simplifier: terms of the form
9017 `? x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x)' (or t=x)
9019 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t)',
9020 and those of the form
9021 `! x. P1(x) & ... & Pn(x) & x=t & Q1(x) & ... Qn(x) --> R(x)' (or t=x)
9023 `P1(t) & ... & Pn(t) & Q1(t) & ... Qn(t) --> R(t)',
9026 Each datatype `t' now comes with a theorem `split_t_case' of the form
9028 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
9029 ( (!y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 --> P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) &
9031 (!y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn --> P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
9034 and a theorem `split_t_case_asm' of the form
9036 P(t_case f1 ... fn x) =
9037 ~( (? y1 ... ym1. x = C1 y1 ... ym1 & ~P(f1 y1 ... ym1)) |
9039 (? y1 ... ymn. x = Cn y1 ... ymn & ~P(f1 y1 ... ymn))
9041 which can be added to a simpset via `addsplits'. The existing theorems
9042 expand_list_case and expand_option_case have been renamed to
9043 split_list_case and split_option_case.
9046 - `pred n' is automatically converted to `n-1'.
9047 Users are strongly encouraged not to use `pred' any longer,
9048 because it will disappear altogether at some point.
9049 - Users are strongly encouraged to write "0 < n" rather than
9050 "n ~= 0". Theorems and proof tools have been modified towards this
9054 the function "set_of_list" has been renamed "set" (and its theorems too);
9055 the function "nth" now takes its arguments in the reverse order and
9056 has acquired the infix notation "!" as in "xs!n".
9058 * HOL/Set: UNIV is now a constant and is no longer translated to Compl{};
9060 * HOL/Set: The operator (UN x.B x) now abbreviates (UN x:UNIV. B x) and its
9061 specialist theorems (like UN1_I) are gone. Similarly for (INT x.B x);
9063 * HOL/record: extensible records with schematic structural subtyping
9064 (single inheritance); EXPERIMENTAL version demonstrating the encoding,
9065 still lacks various theorems and concrete record syntax;
9070 * removed "axioms" and "generated by" sections;
9072 * replaced "ops" section by extended "consts" section, which is capable of
9073 handling the continuous function space "->" directly;
9076 . proves theorems immediately and stores them in the theory,
9077 . creates hierachical name space,
9078 . now uses normal mixfix annotations (instead of cinfix...),
9079 . minor changes to some names and values (for consistency),
9080 . e.g. cases -> casedist, dists_eq -> dist_eqs, [take_lemma] -> take_lemmas,
9081 . separator between mutual domain defs: changed "," to "and",
9082 . improved handling of sort constraints; now they have to
9083 appear on the left-hand side of the equations only;
9085 * fixed LAM <x,y,zs>.b syntax;
9087 * added extended adm_tac to simplifier in HOLCF -- can now discharge
9088 adm (%x. P (t x)), where P is chainfinite and t continuous;
9093 * FOL: there is a new splitter `split_asm_tac' that can be used e.g.
9094 with `addloop' of the simplifier to faciliate case splitting in premises.
9096 * qed_spec_mp, qed_goal_spec_mp, qed_goalw_spec_mp are available, as
9097 in HOL, they strip ALL and --> from proved theorems;
9101 New in Isabelle94-8 (May 1997)
9102 ------------------------------
9104 *** General Changes ***
9106 * new utilities to build / run / maintain Isabelle etc. (in parts
9107 still somewhat experimental); old Makefiles etc. still functional;
9109 * new 'Isabelle System Manual';
9111 * INSTALL text, together with ./configure and ./build scripts;
9113 * reimplemented type inference for greater efficiency, better error
9114 messages and clean internal interface;
9116 * prlim command for dealing with lots of subgoals (an easier way of
9117 setting goals_limit);
9122 * supports alternative (named) syntax tables (parser and pretty
9123 printer); internal interface is provided by add_modesyntax(_i);
9125 * Pure, FOL, ZF, HOL, HOLCF now support symbolic input and output; to
9126 be used in conjunction with the Isabelle symbol font; uses the
9127 "symbols" syntax table;
9129 * added token_translation interface (may translate name tokens in
9130 arbitrary ways, dependent on their type (free, bound, tfree, ...) and
9131 the current print_mode); IMPORTANT: user print translation functions
9132 are responsible for marking newly introduced bounds
9133 (Syntax.mark_boundT);
9135 * token translations for modes "xterm" and "xterm_color" that display
9136 names in bold, underline etc. or colors (which requires a color
9139 * infixes may now be declared with names independent of their syntax;
9141 * added typed_print_translation (like print_translation, but may
9142 access type of constant);
9145 *** Classical Reasoner ***
9147 Blast_tac: a new tactic! It is often more powerful than fast_tac, but has
9148 some limitations. Blast_tac...
9149 + ignores addss, addbefore, addafter; this restriction is intrinsic
9150 + ignores elimination rules that don't have the correct format
9151 (the conclusion MUST be a formula variable)
9152 + ignores types, which can make HOL proofs fail
9153 + rules must not require higher-order unification, e.g. apply_type in ZF
9154 [message "Function Var's argument not a bound variable" relates to this]
9155 + its proof strategy is more general but can actually be slower
9157 * substitution with equality assumptions no longer permutes other
9160 * minor changes in semantics of addafter (now called addaltern); renamed
9161 setwrapper to setWrapper and compwrapper to compWrapper; added safe wrapper
9162 (and access functions for it);
9164 * improved combination of classical reasoner and simplifier:
9165 + functions for handling clasimpsets
9166 + improvement of addss: now the simplifier is called _after_ the
9168 + safe variant of addss called addSss: uses safe simplifications
9169 _during_ the safe steps. It is more complete as it allows multiple
9170 instantiations of unknowns (e.g. with slow_tac).
9174 * added interface for simplification procedures (functions that
9175 produce *proven* rewrite rules on the fly, depending on current
9178 * ordering on terms as parameter (used for ordered rewriting);
9180 * new functions delcongs, deleqcongs, and Delcongs. richer rep_ss;
9182 * the solver is now split into a safe and an unsafe part.
9183 This should be invisible for the normal user, except that the
9184 functions setsolver and addsolver have been renamed to setSolver and
9185 addSolver; added safe_asm_full_simp_tac;
9190 * a generic induction tactic `induct_tac' which works for all datatypes and
9191 also for type `nat';
9193 * a generic case distinction tactic `exhaust_tac' which works for all
9194 datatypes and also for type `nat';
9196 * each datatype comes with a function `size';
9198 * patterns in case expressions allow tuple patterns as arguments to
9199 constructors, for example `case x of [] => ... | (x,y,z)#ps => ...';
9201 * primrec now also works with type nat;
9203 * recdef: a new declaration form, allows general recursive functions to be
9204 defined in theory files. See HOL/ex/Fib, HOL/ex/Primes, HOL/Subst/Unify.
9206 * the constant for negation has been renamed from "not" to "Not" to
9207 harmonize with FOL, ZF, LK, etc.;
9209 * HOL/ex/LFilter theory of a corecursive "filter" functional for
9212 * HOL/Modelcheck demonstrates invocation of model checker oracle;
9214 * HOL/ex/Ring.thy declares cring_simp, which solves equational
9215 problems in commutative rings, using axiomatic type classes for + and *;
9217 * more examples in HOL/MiniML and HOL/Auth;
9219 * more default rewrite rules for quantifiers, union/intersection;
9221 * a new constant `arbitrary == @x.False';
9223 * HOLCF/IOA replaces old HOL/IOA;
9225 * HOLCF changes: derived all rules and arities
9226 + axiomatic type classes instead of classes
9227 + typedef instead of faking type definitions
9228 + eliminated the internal constants less_fun, less_cfun, UU_fun, UU_cfun etc.
9229 + new axclasses cpo, chfin, flat with flat < chfin < pcpo < cpo < po
9230 + eliminated the types void, one, tr
9231 + use unit lift and bool lift (with translations) instead of one and tr
9232 + eliminated blift from Lift3.thy (use Def instead of blift)
9233 all eliminated rules are derived as theorems --> no visible changes ;
9238 * ZF now has Fast_tac, Simp_tac and Auto_tac. Union_iff is a now a default
9239 rewrite rule; this may affect some proofs. eq_cs is gone but can be put back
9240 as ZF_cs addSIs [equalityI];
9244 New in Isabelle94-7 (November 96)
9245 ---------------------------------
9247 * allowing negative levels (as offsets) in prlev and choplev;
9249 * super-linear speedup for large simplifications;
9251 * FOL, ZF and HOL now use miniscoping: rewriting pushes
9252 quantifications in as far as possible (COULD MAKE EXISTING PROOFS
9253 FAIL); can suppress it using the command Delsimps (ex_simps @
9254 all_simps); De Morgan laws are also now included, by default;
9256 * improved printing of ==> : ~:
9258 * new object-logic "Sequents" adds linear logic, while replacing LK
9259 and Modal (thanks to Sara Kalvala);
9261 * HOL/Auth: correctness proofs for authentication protocols;
9263 * HOL: new auto_tac combines rewriting and classical reasoning (many
9264 examples on HOL/Auth);
9266 * HOL: new command AddIffs for declaring theorems of the form P=Q to
9267 the rewriter and classical reasoner simultaneously;
9269 * function uresult no longer returns theorems in "standard" format;
9270 regain previous version by: val uresult = standard o uresult;
9277 * oracles -- these establish an interface between Isabelle and trusted
9278 external reasoners, which may deliver results as theorems;
9280 * proof objects (in particular record all uses of oracles);
9282 * Simp_tac, Fast_tac, etc. that refer to implicit simpset / claset;
9284 * "constdefs" section in theory files;
9286 * "primrec" section (HOL) no longer requires names;
9288 * internal type "tactic" now simply "thm -> thm Sequence.seq";
9295 * reduced space requirements;
9297 * automatic HTML generation from theories;
9299 * theory files no longer require "..." (quotes) around most types;
9301 * new examples, including two proofs of the Church-Rosser theorem;
9303 * non-curried (1994) version of HOL is no longer distributed;
9310 * greatly reduced space requirements;
9312 * theory files (.thy) no longer require \...\ escapes at line breaks;
9314 * searchable theorem database (see the section "Retrieving theorems" on
9315 page 8 of the Reference Manual);
9317 * new examples, including Grabczewski's monumental case study of the
9320 * The previous version of HOL renamed to Old_HOL;
9322 * The new version of HOL (previously called CHOL) uses a curried syntax
9323 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b);
9325 * Mutually recursive inductive definitions finally work in HOL;
9327 * In ZF, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions and
9328 translates to the operator "split";
9335 * new infix operator, addss, allowing the classical reasoner to
9336 perform simplification at each step of its search. Example:
9337 fast_tac (cs addss ss)
9339 * a new logic, CHOL, the same as HOL, but with a curried syntax
9340 for functions. Application looks like f a b instead of f(a,b). Also pairs
9341 look like (a,b) instead of <a,b>;
9343 * PLEASE NOTE: CHOL will eventually replace HOL!
9345 * In CHOL, pattern-matching on tuples is now available in all abstractions.
9346 It translates to the operator "split". A new theory of integers is available;
9348 * In ZF, integer numerals now denote two's-complement binary integers.
9349 Arithmetic operations can be performed by rewriting. See ZF/ex/Bin.ML;
9351 * Many new examples: I/O automata, Church-Rosser theorem, equivalents
9352 of the Axiom of Choice;
9359 * Significantly faster resolution;
9361 * the different sections in a .thy file can now be mixed and repeated
9364 * Database of theorems for FOL, HOL and ZF. New
9365 commands including qed, qed_goal and bind_thm store theorems in the database.
9367 * Simple database queries: return a named theorem (get_thm) or all theorems of
9368 a given theory (thms_of), or find out what theory a theorem was proved in
9371 * Bugs fixed in the inductive definition and datatype packages;
9373 * The classical reasoner provides deepen_tac and depth_tac, making FOL_dup_cs
9374 and HOL_dup_cs obsolete;
9376 * Syntactic ambiguities caused by the new treatment of syntax in Isabelle94-1
9379 * Simpler definition of function space in ZF;
9381 * new results about cardinal and ordinal arithmetic in ZF;
9383 * 'subtype' facility in HOL for introducing new types as subsets of existing
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