1.1 --- a/doc-src/isac/jrocnik/bakkarbeit_jrocnik.tex Tue Oct 25 23:50:45 2011 +0200
1.2 +++ b/doc-src/isac/jrocnik/bakkarbeit_jrocnik.tex Wed Oct 26 11:05:36 2011 +0200
1.3 @@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
1.4
1.5 %generel packages
1.6 \usepackage{url}
1.7 -\usepackage{graphicx}
1.8 \usepackage{endnotes}
1.9 \usepackage{trfsigns}
1.10 \usepackage{setspace}
1.11 @@ -36,6 +35,11 @@
1.12 \floatstyle{ruled} %boxes around floats
1.13 \restylefloat{example} %float examples --> boxes
1.14
1.15 +%colors and graphics
1.16 +\usepackage{graphicx}
1.17 +\usepackage{color}
1.18 +\definecolor{lgray}{RGB}{238,238,238}
1.19 +
1.20 %isabelle relevant packages
1.21 \usepackage{isabelle,isabellesym}
1.22
1.23 @@ -107,38 +111,47 @@
1.24 \section{Introduction}
1.25 The motivation to this thesis mainly takes it source from the feeling of understanding difficult signal processing tasks and the will to help others to get this feeling to.
1.26 \par Signal Processing (SP) requieres a huge range of mathematic knowledge as well as a feeling for simplification and number tricks but even though this fact, the operations themself are no higher ones. The main task is to understand. Aside this description we think of the classic math ideas and techniques, consisting of predefined formulas, notations and forumularsations we learn.
1.27 -\par The math which should be mechanized in Computer Theorem Provers (\emph{CTP}) has (almost) a problem with traditional notations (predicate calculus) for axioms, definitions, lemmas, theorems as a computer programm or script is not able to interpret every greek or latin letter and every greek, latin or whatever calculations symbol. Also if we would be able to handle thehse symbols we still have a problem to interpret them at all. (Follow up \hbox{Example \ref{eg:symbint1}})
1.28 -
1.29 -\begin{example}
1.30 - \begin{center}
1.31 - \begin{math}u\left[n\right] \ldots unitstep \end{math}
1.32 - \end{center}
1.33 - {\small\emph{
1.34 - The unitstep is something we need to solve Signal Processing problem classes. But in {\sisac{}} the rectangular brekats have already a meaning. So we abuse them for our requirements. We get something which is not defined but useable. The Result is only syntax without semantic.}
1.35 - }
1.36 - \caption{Symbol Interpretation}\label{eg:symbint1}
1.37 -\end{example}
1.38 -
1.39 -\noindent In different problems, symbols and letters have different meanings and ask for different ways to get through. (Follow up \hbox{Example \ref{eg:symbint2}})
1.40 -\begin{example}
1.41 - \begin{center}
1.42 -todo
1.43 - \end{center}
1.44 - {\small\emph{
1.45 - The unitstep is something we need to solve Signal Processing problem classes. But in {\sisac{}} the rectangular brekats have already a meaning. So we abuse them for our requirements. We get something which is not defined but useable. The Result is only syntax without semantic.}
1.46 - }
1.47 - \caption{Symbol Interpretation}\label{eg:symbint2}
1.48 -\end{example}
1.49 -Exclusive from the input, also the output can be a problem. We are familar with a specified notations and style taught in university but a computer programm has no knowledge of the form probved by a professor and the maschines themselve also have not yet the possibilities to print every symbol (correct) Recent developments provide proofs in a humand readable format but according to the fact that there is no mony for good working formel editors yet, the style is one thing we have to live with.
1.50 -\par This thesis tries to \emph{connect} these two worlds and is one of the first guidelines to implement problem classes in {\sisac}. For others see related works in section \ref{sec:related}.
1.51 -The major challenge of the practical part, of this thesis, is, that "`connecting the two worlds"' involves programming in a CTP-based programming language which is in a very early state of prototyping. There is no concrete experience data ready to grep.
1.52
1.53 \subsection{Mechanization of Mathematics}
1.54 -A problem behind is the mechanization of mathematic theories in CTP-bases languages. There is still a hugh gap between these theories and this what we call an applications - in Example Signal Processing. Until we are not able to fill this gap we have to live with it but first have a look on the meaning of this statement:
1.55 +A problem behind is the mechanization of mathematic theories in CTP-bases languages. There is still a hugh gap between these theories and this what we call an applications - in Example Signal Processing.
1.56 +\begin{example}
1.57 + \[
1.58 + X\cdot(a+b)+Y\cdot(c+d)=aX+bX+cY+dY
1.59 + \]
1.60 + {\small\textit{
1.61 + \noindent A very simple example on this what we call gap is the simplification above. It is needles to say that it is correct and also isabell forfills it correct - \emph{always}. But sometimes we don't want do simplificate these things, sometimes it is easyer for handling and understanding if we keep terms together. Think of a problem were we now would need only the coefficients of $X$ and $Y$. This is what we call the gap between applications and theorem proofment.
1.62 + }}
1.63 + \caption{Correct but not usefull}\label{eg:gap}
1.64 +\end{example}
1.65 +Until we are not able to fill this gap we have to live with it but first have a look on the meaning of this statement:
1.66 \par Mechanized math starts from mathematical models and \emph{hopefully} proceeds to match physics. Academic engineering starts from physics (experimentation, measurement) and then proceeds to mathematical modelling and formalization. The process from a physical observance to a mathematical theory is unavoidable bound of setting up a big collection of standards, rules, definition but also exceptions. These are the things making mechanization that difficult.
1.67 -\par A computer or a CTP-System builds on programms witth predefined logical ruels and does not know any mathematical trick or recipe to walk around difficult expressions. For such a system the only possibility is to work through its known definitions vulgo theories and stops if none of these fits. Specified on Signal Processing or any other application it is often possible to walk through by doing simple creases. This creases are in generell based on simple math operatiopms but the challange is to teach the machine \emph{all}\footnote{Its pride to call it \emph{all}.} of them. Unfortunataly the goal of CTP Isabelle is to reach a high level of \emph{all} but it in real it will still be a survey of knowledge which links to other knowledge and {\sisac{}} a trainer and helper but no human compensating calulator.
1.68 +\begin{example}
1.69 + \[
1.70 + m,\ kg,\ s,\ldots
1.71 + \]
1.72 + {\small\textit{
1.73 + \noindent Think about some units like that one's above. Behind each unit there is a discerning and very accurate definition: One Meter is the distance the light travels, in a vacuum, through the time of 1 / 299.792.458 second; one kilogramm is the weight of a platinum-iridium cylindar in paris; and so on. But are these definitions useable in a computer mechanized world?!
1.74 + }}
1.75 + \caption{Units in measurement}\label{eg:units}
1.76 +\end{example}
1.77 +\par A computer or a CTP-System builds on programms witth predefined logical ruels and does not know any mathematical trick (follow up example \ref{eg:trick}) or recipe to walk around difficult expressions.
1.78 +\begin{example}
1.79 +\[ \frac{1}{j\omega}\cdot\left(e^{-j\omega}-e^{j3\omega}\right)= \]
1.80 +\[ \frac{1}{j\omega}\cdot e^{-j2\omega}\cdot\left(e^{j\omega}-e^{-j\omega}\right)=
1.81 + \frac{1}{\omega}\, e^{-j2\omega}\cdot\colorbox{lgray}{$\frac{1}{j}\,\left(e^{j\omega}-e^{-j\omega}\right)$}= \]
1.82 +\[ \frac{1}{\omega}\, e^{-j2\omega}\cdot\colorbox{lgray}{$2\, sin(\omega)$} \]
1.83 + {\small\textit{
1.84 + \noindent Sometimes it is also usefull to be able to apply some \emph{tricks} to get a beautiful and particulary meaningful result, which we are able to interpret. But as seen in this example it can be hard to find out what operations have to be done to transform a result into a meaningful one.
1.85 + }}
1.86 + \caption{Mathematic tricks}\label{eg:trick}
1.87 +\end{example}
1.88 +For such a system the only possibility is to work through its known definitions and stops if none of these fits. Specified on Signal Processing or any other application it is often possible to walk through by doing simple creases. This creases are in generell based on simple math operatiopms but the challange is to teach the machine \emph{all}\footnote{Its pride to call it \emph{all}.} of them. Unfortunataly the goal of CTP Isabelle is to reach a high level of \emph{all} but it in real it will still be a survey of knowledge which links to other knowledge and {\sisac{}} a trainer and helper but no human compensating calulator.
1.89 \par {\sisac{}} itselfs aims to adds an \emph{application} axis (formal specifications of problems outof topics from Signal Processing, etc.) and an \emph{algorithmic} axis to the \emph{deductive} axis of physical knowledge. The result is a three-dimensional universe of mathematics.
1.90
1.91 +\subsubsection*{Notes on Mechanization of Mathematics}
1.92 +This thesis tries to \emph{connect} these two worlds and is one of the first guidelines to implement problem classes in {\sisac}. As we are still in a eary part of development, this is the first thesis dealing within this topic and there is \emph{no} related work to guid through. A more detailed description about this fact can be found in Section \ref{sec:related}.
1.93 +The major challenge of the practical part, of this thesis, is, that "connecting the two worlds" involves programming in a CTP-based programming language which is in a very early state of prototyping. There is no concrete experience data ready to grep.
1.94 +
1.95 \subsection{Goals of the Thesis}\label{sec:goals}
1.96 Imagine a piece of software would be able to support you by understanding every problem class, upcoming in the first years attending university - wouldn't it be great?
1.97 \par {\sisac{}} tries to do that, but the current state of the art is miles away from this goal and a single implementation of a problem is not enough to cahnge this circumstamce. Through this fact it is all the more essential to try, test, research and document the implementation of problem classes from "`real world"' applications. Responding to the abstract at the begin of this document the thesis has two folds; on the one hand certainly to provide interactiv course material for Signal Processing (which means to implement a single problem provided by the Institute of Signal Processing and Speech Communication (SPSC); follow up Calulcations), and to extract experience data respectively help the {\sisac{}}-team by setting up a detailed description of technicalities hacking {\sisac{}} on the other hand.
1.98 @@ -234,6 +247,8 @@
1.99 axiomatization ... where ... and
1.100
1.101 \subsection{Notes on Problems with Traditional Notation}
1.102 +{\footnotesize
1.103 +\textbf{TODO}
1.104 Due the thesis work we discorvers severell problems of traditional notations.
1.105
1.106 u[n] !!
1.107 @@ -243,6 +258,30 @@
1.108 ...
1.109
1.110 terms are not full simplified in traditional notations, in isac we have to simplify them complete to check weather results are compatible or not. in e.g. the solutions of an second order linear equation is an rational in isac but in tradition we keep fractions as long as possible and as long as they are 'beautiful' (1/8, 5/16,...)
1.111 +}\\
1.112 +The math which should be mechanized in Computer Theorem Provers (\emph{CTP}) has (almost) a problem with traditional notations (predicate calculus) for axioms, definitions, lemmas, theorems as a computer programm or script is not able to interpret every greek or latin letter and every greek, latin or whatever calculations symbol. Also if we would be able to handle thehse symbols we still have a problem to interpret them at all. (Follow up \hbox{Example \ref{eg:symbint1}})
1.113 +
1.114 +\begin{example}
1.115 + \[
1.116 + u\left[n\right] \ \ldots \ unitstep
1.117 + \]
1.118 + {\small\textit{
1.119 + \noindent The unitstep is something we need to solve Signal Processing problem classes. But in {\sisac{}} the rectangular breakets have a different meaning. So we abuse them for our requirements. We get something which is not defined, but useable. The Result is syntax only without semantic.
1.120 + }}
1.121 + \caption{Expression Interpretation}\label{eg:symbint1}
1.122 +\end{example}
1.123 +
1.124 +\noindent In different problems, symbols and letters have different meanings and ask for different ways to get through. (Follow up \hbox{Example \ref{eg:symbint2}})
1.125 +\begin{example}
1.126 + \[
1.127 + \widehat{\ }\ \widehat{\ }\ \widehat{\ } \ \ldots \ exponent
1.128 + \]
1.129 + {\small\textit{
1.130 + \noindent For using exponents the three widehat symbols are required. The reason for that is due the development of {\sisac{}} the single widehat and also the double were already in use for different operations.
1.131 + }}
1.132 + \caption{Symbol Interpretation}\label{eg:symbint2}
1.133 +\end{example}
1.134 +Exclusive from the input, also the output can be a problem. We are familar with a specified notations and style taught in university but a computer programm has no knowledge of the form probved by a professor and the maschines themselve also have not yet the possibilities to print every symbol (correct) Recent developments provide proofs in a humand readable format but according to the fact that there is no mony for good working formel editors yet, the style is one thing we have to live with.
1.135
1.136 \section{Milestones for the Thesis}
1.137 The thesis was splitted into six iterations
1.138 @@ -266,20 +305,21 @@
1.139 \subsection{Writting on the thesis}\label{ssec:thes}
1.140 \subsection{Second Prsentation - Work review}\label{ssec:pres2}
1.141
1.142 +\section{Related Work}\label{sec:related}
1.143 +Unusual for a Baccalaureate Thesis, there is {\em no} related work; this requires explanation.
1.144 +Of course, this thesis relies on front-of-the wave computer mathematics, on CTP. But {\sisac{}} uses CTP in a very specific way, which is too weakly related to other work: programming in the CTP-based language and rigorous formal specification of problems in Signal Processing where the main tasks in the practical part of this thesis. The major challenge for the practical work was given by the fact, that the work concerned alpha-testing of the CTP-based programming environment.
1.145 +\par Another area of work could be considered as related work: authoring of e-learning content. However, {\sisac{}} provides division of concern such that the practical part of this thesis could focus on computer mathematics; this work was not concerned with interaction (the CTP-based programming language has neither input statements nor output statements), nor with dialog guidance nor with any kind of learning theory.
1.146 +\par These two reasons are given for the unusual statement, that there is no related work to be discussed in this thesis.
1.147 +
1.148 \section{Review}
1.149 todo
1.150 +\section{Open Questions}
1.151 +todo
1.152 \section{Conclusions}
1.153 todo
1.154
1.155 \clearpage
1.156
1.157 -%----------// RELATED \\-----------%
1.158 -
1.159 -\section{Related Work and Open Questions \label{sec:related}}
1.160 -List of related work
1.161 -See ``introduction'': This thesis tries to connect these two worlds ... this trial is one of the first; others see related work
1.162 -\clearpage
1.163 -
1.164 %----------// PART 2 \\----------%
1.165
1.166 \part{Implementation}