% url.sty  ver 1.1    6-Feb-1996   Donald Arseneau   asnd@triumf.ca

%

% A form of \verb that allows linebreaks at certain characters or 

% combinations of characters, accepts reconfiguration, and can usually

% be used in the argument to another command.  It is intended for email

% addresses, hypertext links, directories/paths, etc., which normally 

% have no spaces.  The font may be selected using the \urlstyle command, 

% and new url-like commands can be defined using \urldef.

%

% Usage:    Conditions:

% \url{ }   If the argument contains any "%", "#", or "^^", or ends with

%           "\", it can't be used in the argument to another command.  

%           The argument must not contain unbalanced braces.

% \url|  |  ...where "|" is any character not used in the argument and not 

%           "{".  The same restrictions as above except that the argument

%           may contain unbalanced braces.

% \xyz      for "\xyz" a defined-url;  this can be used anywhere, no matter

%           what characters it contains.

% 

% See further instructions after "\endinput"

\def\url@ttstyle{%

\@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\tt}}{\def\UrlFont{\ttfamily}}% 

\def\UrlBreaks{\do\.\do\@\do\\\do\/\do\!\do\_\do\|\do\%\do\;\do\>\do\]%

 \do\)\do\,\do\?\do\'\do\+\do\=\do@url@hyp}%

\def\UrlBigBreaks{\do\:}%

\def\UrlNoBreaks{\do\(\do\[\do\{\do\<}% (unnecessary)

\def\UrlSpecials{\do\ {\ }}%

\def\UrlOrds{\do\*\do\-}% any ordinary characters that aren't usually

}

\def\url@rmstyle{%

\@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\rm}}{\def\UrlFont{\rmfamily}}% 

\def\UrlBreaks{\do\.\do\@\do\/\do\!\do\%\do\;\do\]\do\)\do\,\do\?\do@url@hyp

  \do\+\do\=}%

\def\UrlBigBreaks{\do\:}%

\def\UrlNoBreaks{\do\(\do\[\do\{}% prevents breaks after *next* character

\def\UrlSpecials{\do\<{\langle}\do\>{\rangle\penalty\relpenalty}\do\_{\_%

 \penalty\@m}\do\|{\mid}\do\{{\lbrace}\do\}{\rbrace\penalty\relpenalty}\do

 \\{\mathbin{\backslash}}\do\~{\mathord{{}^{\textstyle\sim}}}\do\ {\ }}%

\def\UrlOrds{\do\'\do\"\do\-}%

}

\def\url@sfstyle{\url@rmstyle 

\@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\sf}}{\def\UrlFont{\sffamily}}% 

}

\def\url@samestyle{\ifdim\fontdimen\thr@@\font=\z@ \url@ttstyle \else

  \url@rmstyle \fi \def\UrlFont{}}

\def\do@url@hyp{}% by default, no breaks after hyphens

\@ifundefined{strip@prefix}{\def\strip@prefix#1>{}}{}

\@ifundefined{verbatim@nolig@list}{\def\verbatim@nolig@list{\do\`}}{}

\def\Url{\relax\ifmmode\@nomatherr$\fi 

 \UrlFont $\fam\z@ \textfont\z@\font 

 \let\do\@makeother \dospecials % verbatim catcodes

 \catcode`{\@ne \catcode`}\tw@ % except braces 

 \medmuskip0mu \thickmuskip\medmuskip \thinmuskip\medmuskip

 \@tempcnta\fam\multiply\@tempcnta\@cclvi 

 \let\do\set@mathcode \UrlOrds % ordinary characters that were special

 \advance\@tempcnta 8192 \UrlBreaks % bin

 \advance\@tempcnta 4096 \UrlBigBreaks % rel

 \advance\@tempcnta 4096 \UrlNoBreaks % open

 \let\do\set@mathact \UrlSpecials % active

 \let\do\set@mathnolig \verbatim@nolig@list % prevent ligatures 

 \@ifnextchar\bgroup\Url@z\Url@y}

\def\Url@y#1{\catcode`{11 \catcode`}11

  \def\@tempa##1#1{\Url@z{##1}}\@tempa}

\def\Url@z#1{\def\@tempa{#1}\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\Url@use

  \expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\@tempa\, \relax\m@th$\endgroup}

\let\Url@use\@empty

\def\set@mathcode#1{\count@`#1\advance\count@\@tempcnta\mathcode`#1\count@}

\def\set@mathact#1#2{\mathcode`#132768 \lccode`\~`#1\lowercase{\def~{#2}}}

\def\set@mathnolig#1{\ifnum\mathcode`#1<32768

   \lccode`\~`#1\lowercase{\edef~{\mathchar\number\mathcode`#1_{\/}}}%

   \mathcode`#132768 \fi}

\def\urldef#1#2{\begingroup \setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup

  \def\Url@z{\Url@def{#1}{#2}}#2}

\expandafter\ifx\csname DeclareRobustCommand\endcsname\relax

  \def\Url@def#1#2#3{\m@th$\endgroup\egroup\endgroup

    \def#1{#2{#3}}}

\else

  \def\Url@def#1#2#3{\m@th$\endgroup\egroup\endgroup

    \DeclareRobustCommand{#1}{#2{#3}}}

\fi

\def\urlstyle#1{\csname url@#1style\endcsname}

% Sample (and default) configuration:

%

\newcommand\url{\begingroup \Url}

%

\newcommand\path{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url}

%

% too many styles define \email like \address, so I will not define it.

% \newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}

% Process LaTeX \package options

%

\urlstyle{tt}

\@ifundefined{ProvidesPackage}{}{

  \ProvidesPackage{url}[1996/02/06 \space ver 1.1 \space 

       Verb mode for urls, email addresses, and file names]

  \DeclareOption{hyphens}{\def\do@url@hyp{\do\-}}% allow breaks after hyphens

  \DeclareOption{obeyspaces}{\let\Url@use\relax}

  \ProcessOptions

\ifx\Url@use\relax \def\Url@use#1 #2{#1\ifx\relax#2\@empty\else

  \penalty\relpenalty\ #2\expandafter\Url@use\fi}\fi

}

\endinput

%

% url.sty  ver 1.1    6-Feb-1996   Donald Arseneau   asnd@reg.triumf.ca

%

% This package defines "\url", a form of "\verb" that allows linebreaks,

% and can often be used in the argument to another command.  It can be

% configured to print in different formats, and is particularly useful for 

% hypertext links, email addresses, directories/paths, etc.  The font may 

% be selected using the "\urlstyle" command and pre-defined text can be 

% stored with the "\urldef" command. New url-like commands can be defined, 

% and a "\path" command is provided this way. 

%

% Usage:    Conditions:

% \url{ }   If the argument contains any "%", "#", or "^^", or ends with 

%           "\", it can't be used in the argument to another command.  

%           The argument must not contain unbalanced braces.

% \url|  |  ...where "|" is any character not used in the argument and not 

%           "{".  The same restrictions as above except that the argument

%           may contain unbalanced braces.

% \xyz      for "\xyz" a defined-url;  this can be used anywhere, no matter

%           what characters it contains.

% 

% The "\url" command is fragile, and its argument is likely to be very

% fragile, but a defined-url is robust.

%

% Package Option:  obeyspaces

% Ordinarily, all spaces are ignored in the url-text.  The "[obeyspaces]" 

% option allows spaces, but may introduce spurious spaces when a url

% containing "\" characters is given in the argument to another command.  

% So if you need to obey spaces should say "\usepackage[obeyspaces]{url}",

% and if you need both spaces and backslashes, use a `defined-url' for 

% anything with "\".

%

% Package Option:  hyphens

% Ordinarily, breaks are not allowed after "-" characters because this 

% leads to confusion. (Is the "-" part of the address or just a hyphen?)  

% The package option "[hyphens]" allows breaks after explicit hyphen 

% characters.  The "\url" command will *never ever* hyphenate words.

% 

% Defining a defined-url:

% Take for example the email address "myself%node@gateway.net" which could

% not be given (using "\url" or "\verb") in a caption or parbox due to the

% percent sign.  This address can be predefined with 

%    \urldef{\myself}\url{myself%node@gateway.net}   or

%    \urldef{\myself}\url|myself%node@gateway.net|

% and then you may use "\myself" instead of "\url{myself%node@gateway.net}"

% in an argument, and even in a moving argument like a caption because a

% defined-url is robust.

%

% Style: 

% You can switch the style of printing using "\urlstyle{tt}", where "tt"

% can be any defined style.  The pre-defined styles are "tt", "rm", "sf", 

% and "same" which all allow the same linebreaks but different fonts -- 

% the first three select a specific font and the "same" style uses the

% current text font.  You can define your own styles with different fonts 

% and/or line-breaking by following the explanations below.  The "\url" 

% command follows whatever the currently-set style dictates.

%

% Alternate commands:

% It may be desireable to have different things treated differently, each

% in a predefined style; e.g., if you want directory paths to always be 

% in tt and email addresses to be rm, then you would define new url-like

% commands as follows:

%

%    \newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}

%    \newcommand\directory{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url}

%

% You must follow this format closely, and NOTE that the final command is 

% "\Url", not "\url".  In fact, the "\directory" example is exactly the 

% "\path" definition which is pre-defined in the package.  If you look 

% above, you will see that "\url" is defined with

%    \newcommand\url{\begingroup \Url}

% I.e., using whatever url-style has been selected.

%

% You can make a defined-url for these other styles, using the usual 

% "\urldef" command as in this example:

%

%    \urldef{\myself}{\email}{myself%node.domain@gateway.net}

%

% which makes "\myself" act like "\email{myself%node.domain@gateway.net}",

% if the "\email" command is defined as above.  The "\myself" command is

% robust.

%

% Defining styles:

% Before describing how to customize the printing style, it is best to 

% mention something about the unusual implementation of "\url".  Although

% the material is textual in nature, and the font specification required

% is a text-font command, the text is actually typeset in *math* mode.

% This allows the context-sensitive linebreaking, but also accounts for

% the default behavior of ignoring spaces.  Now on to defining styles.

%

% To change the font or the list of characters that allow linebreaks, you

% could redefine the commands "\UrlFont", "\UrlBreaks", "\UrlSpecials" etc.

% directly in the document, but it is better to define a new `url-style' 

% (following the example of "\url@ttstyle" and "\url@rmstyle") which defines 

% all of "\UrlBigbreaks", "\UrlNoBreaks", "\UrlBreaks", "\UrlSpecials", and 

% "\UrlFont".

%

% Changing font:

% The "\UrlFont" command selects the font.  The definition of "\UrlFont"

% done by the pre-defined styles varies to cope with a variety of LaTeX

% font selection schemes, but it could be as simple as "\def\UrlFont{\tt}".

% In addition to setting "\UrlFont", some characters will probably need 

% to be defined in the "\UrlSpecials" list because most fonts don't have 

% all the standard input characters.  See the definition of "\url@rmstyle", 

% which implements "\urlstyle{rm}".  Or even better, follow the definition

% of "\url@sfstyle", which executes "\url@rmstyle" and then redefines

% just "\UrlFont".  The nominal format for each special character "c" 

% in the "\UrlSpecials" list is: "\do\c{<definition>}", but you can 

% include other definitions too.

%

% Changing linebreaks:

% The list of characters that allow line-breaks is given by "\UrlBreaks" 

% and "\UrlBigBreaks", which have the format "\do\c" for character "c". 

% The differences are that `BigBreaks' have a lower penalty and have 

% different breakpoints when in sequence (as in "http://"): `BigBreaks' 

% are treated as mathrels while `Breaks' are mathbins (see The TeXbook, 

% p.170). In particular, a series of `BigBreak' characters will break at 

% the end and only at the end; a series of `Break' characters will break 

% after the first and after every following *pair*; there will be no 

% break after a `Break' character if a `BigBreak' follows.  In the case 

% of "http://" it doesn't matter whether ":" is a `Break' or `BigBreak' --

% the breaks are the same in either case; but for DECnet nodes with "::"

% it is important to prevent breaks *between* the colons, and that is why 

% colons are `BigBreaks'.

%

% It is possible for characters to prevent breaks after the next following 

% character (I use this for parentheses).  Specify these in "\UrlNoBreaks". 

%

% You can do arbitrarily complex things with characters by making them 

% active in math mode (mathcode hex-8000) and specifying the definition(s)

% in "\UrlSpecials".  This is used in the rm and sf styles to handle 

% several characters that are not present in fonts.

%

% If all this sounds confusing ... well, it is!  But I hope you won't need 

% to redefine breakpoints -- the default assignments seem to work well for 

% a wide variety of applications.  If you do need to make changes, you can 

% test for breakpoints using regular math mode and the characters "+=(a".

%

% Yet more flexibility:

% You can also set up url.sty to do multiple things with the verbatim text

% by defining "\Url@use", but the format of the definition is special:

%

%    \def\Url@use#1\,{ ... do things with #1 ... }

%

% Yes, that is "#1" followed by "\," then the definition.  For example, 

% to put a hypertext link in the DVI file:

%

%    \def\Url@use#1\,{\special{html:<a href="#1">}#1\special{html:</a>}}

%

% The End

% ver 1.1 6-Feb-1996:  

% Fix hyphens that wouldn't break and ligatures that weren't suppressed.

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